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Aim. The study of the involvement of the business community in the development of Eurasian integration through the reflection of their priorities in the decisions and activities of supranational bodies.Tasks. To analyze the problems of reflecting the interests of the business community in Eurasian integration; to consider the related practical interaction of business with supranational bodies on the example of the activities of the EAEU Business Council; to identify areas of development of integration processes within the EAEU that are promising from the point of view of the business community.Methods. The research uses general scientific and special methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, as well as the author’s methodology for assessing business involvement in integration processes has been developed and applied.Results. The conducted analysis of valid strategic documents of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and its supranational bodies using the authors’ technique confirms the considerable and growing role of business in Eurasian economic integration.Conclusions. Trade and investment cooperation under the EAEU demonstrates positive dynamics despite growing international uncertainty and tensions. It is in many ways connected with the proactive stance of Eurasian business, which demonstrates substantial and rising interest towards Eurasian economic integration.The Eurasian supranational bodies pay serious and growing consideration to positions of business community, which positively affect business involvement in institutional dynamics of the EAEU. That is affirmed by adding appropriate tasks to the key documents of the Union and introduction of special mechanisms for promoting business cooperation.

Aim. Substantiation of the thesis on the need to increase the annual growth of the EAEU economy by 6–8% through the implementation of a unified strategy for the accelerated development of target indicators as the level of economic development converges, their sustainable convergence and the activation of the existing production and scientific and technical potential of the Union Member States. At the same time, the nationally oriented financial policy of the Bank of Russia should play an important role.Tasks. Rationale:– the need to supplement the target development scenario presented in the Guidelines for the Economic Development of the EAEU until 2030 with a strategy for accelerated development and solving national security problems;– formation of a nationwide macroeconomic policy, including its monetary component;– carrying out deoffshorization of the economy and stopping the unauthorized export of capital;– supplementing the Eurasian economic integration with monetary, monetary, educational, scientific and technical policies and the transition to national currencies in mutual trade and investment in the EAEU, CIS, BRICS, SCO.Methods. Macroeconomic modeling, methods of mathematical statistics, big data analysis, demographic analysis.Results. The necessity of a significant refinement of the main directions of the unified state monetary policy of Russia, which ensures its entry into the sixth technological order and the irreversible convergence of the production and scientific and technical potential of the EAEU member states, is substantiated.Conclusion. The proposed comprehensive approach will make it possible to fully implement the adopted Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025, lay the foundations for a new stage of integration with the achievement of significant milestones set in the interests of the countries and peoples of our integration association.

At present, with the opportunities of the previous model of world economic development exhausted, only countries building alternative models of global cooperation will have good economic prospects. In this conditions the new role of Russia, China is traced. This article examines the experience and prospects of cooperation between Beijing and the Baltic countries, including within the framework of the well-known project “One Belt — One Way”.

The article deals with the state and level of development of integration processes in the Eurasian Economic Union and their impact on economic security of integration association on the basis of a range of indicators, such as the share of a member country of integration in trade, exports, imports of each of the member countries, the share of a member country of integration in foreign direct investment, in the total volume of FDI received in each of the member countries. On the basis of the assessment of the EEU integration processes development, threats to its economic security are identified: different level of economic development of the members states; preservation of the export-raw material model of development of Russia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan; low competitiveness of products of most manufacturers; virtually no trade and investment cooperation between Belarus and Armenia, Kazakhstan and Armenia, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Belarus. Most of the problems have a root cause - unsolved internal economic problems of the EEU, aggravating and strengthening the impact of external threats.

CR Express containerised rail transport between Europe and China is a flagship project of China’s “Belt and Road”. Yet operational and financial details of the project remain scarce. Due to poor governance and logistics transparency, the actual quantity of containers and goods transported is essentially unknowable. The authors doubt the efficacy of the CR Express intercontinental rail system and test its real and possible capacity throughputs. In the article they compare China public media statements with European Union statistics and reveal discrepancies between the number of trains supposedly departing China and the number of trains arriving in the European Union. This article provides numerous data sources and estimates on China–Europe rail freight traffic and demonstrates that the actual transported quantity of goods is probably lower than anticipated or reported. The article also analyses the political development of the CR Express rail freight system and China’s wider “Transport Power” policy. It concludes that while the political concept of the CR Express rail freight system is progressive, and the economic development of creating new cumulative causation systems is theoretically possible, that the evidence for actual economic use is underwhelming. This research helps European Union, Russian, and Central Asian policymakers better assess the viability of participating in the continued rollout of China’s CR Express intercontinental rail freight system. The authors warn that while the CR Express system has potential to be an economic good for Central Asian development it exposes the Eurasian economies to China's political and financial risk. For China the CR Express system fulfils only geopolitical and geoeconomic functions, and ultimately participation in the policy is of minimal utility to European Union economies.

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The paper examines the potential determinants of foreign direct investment inflows into the region of Eurasian Economic Union, as well as incentives for investment into other neighboring countries. In the first model, the authors test a hypothesis on country specific foreign direct investment determinants for the Eurasian Economic Union region. The results of fixed effects estimation show that gross domestic product, infrastructure development and secondary education enrollment have a positive statistically significant effect on the foreign direct investment inflows into the region. Conversely, the impact of Customs Union on foreign direct investment appeared to be negative. Furthermore, in the second model of the natural experiment, the authors empirically test the hypothesis on Customs Union’s effect on foreign direct investment while controlling for both country and time effects. The model includes evaluating the impact of the policy change on foreign investment inflows. The natural experiment outcome also points to the negative effect of Eurasian economic integration on foreign direct investment inflows. Although the countries of Eurasian Economic Union have relatively business friendly regulations, such procedures as enforcing contracts, resolving insolvencies and dealing with construction permits are time-consuming. For attracting foreign investment, it is advisable to facilitate such procedures and make the process of setting up a new business less onerous. The research can be used as an outline for further examining of Eurasian economic integration and apart from that, the study results can be applied for practical purposes of policy elaboration aimed at stimulating foreign direct investment into the Eurasian Economic Union.

The article examines and compares the Russian and Western research agendas on the European Union (EU)–Russia policies in their shared neighbourhood. The analysis will be implemented in four successive steps. (1) The conceptualisation of the EU–Russia common neighbourhood in the Western and Russian researches will be analysed in three dimensions (terminology attributed to this region, political–social transformations, regionalism) that will contextualise the subsequent analysis of the Western and Russian research agendas on (2) EU policies (European Neighbourhood Policy and Eastern Partnership) and (3) Russia's policies (including the issues of the Eurasian integration) towards the common neighbourhood and also on (4) EU–Russia interactions within this area. The conclusions will identify and systemise the major trends as well as nuances in each agenda and also the differences and asymmetries between the Western and Russian research agendas will be outlined and analysed. These differences are determined by both, the policy-oriented and academic factors. The agendas are asymmetric, yet they are not monolithic, pluralism exists in both of them. Prospects for the further research will be outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A veteran Western observer and authority on Russia's political economy examines the recent debate on economic growth in Russia. Focusing on Sergey Glazyev, a prominent statist and nationalist favored by President Vladimir Putin, who reemerged at the top of the public debate, the author discusses the essence of his ideas (state capitalism, Eurasian integration, and expansionary fiscal and monetary policy). He proceeds to analyze the critical response of liberals, citing inter alia objections to loose fiscal and monetary policies. Russia's liberal economists favor broader international integration, whereas Putin is clearly in favor of state capitalism and Eurasian integration. This study ends with an up-to-date politico-economic assessment titled "Where is Putin going?" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]