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Background: Informed consent (IC) is a fundamental principle in medical ethics that upholds respect for patient autonomy. Although widely applied in healthcare, its feasibility and implementation in herbal medicine have been underexplored. This study therefore aimed to explore the practices and attitudes of herbalists regarding informed consent. Methods: To achieve these objectives, a qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted from June to December 2020. Twenty-one in-depth interviews with herbalists and four key informant interviews with leaders of the different traditional medicine organizations were conducted. The data were analyzed thematically using NVivo version 12 software. Results: Sixteen of the twenty-one participants acquired oral herbal medicine knowledge from their relatives. Although a positive inclination toward obtaining IC was evident, the focus was on disclosing basic information. Discussions of alternative treatments and herbal specifics were less frequent. Disease management decisions often involve shared responsibility within families or societies. Documented IC procedures are rare among herbalists, who deem consent forms unnecessary, although they recognize the potential benefits of IC in fostering trust and professionalism. Challenges hindering IC implementation included regulatory gaps, inadequate skills, and the absence of mechanisms to protect the intellectual property rights of herbal medicine. Conclusion: This study illuminates how educational, cultural, familial, and regulatory factors influence herbalists' practices and attitudes toward informed consent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the ethical debate on Machine Learning-driven decision support systems (ML_CDSS), notions such as "human in the loop" or "meaningful human control" are often cited as being necessary for ethical legitimacy. In addition, ethical principles usually serve as the major point of reference in ethical guidance documents, stating that conflicts between principles need to be weighed and balanced against each other. Starting from a neo-Kantian viewpoint inspired by Onora O'Neill, this article makes a concrete suggestion of how to interpret the role of the "human in the loop" and to overcome the perspective of rivaling ethical principles in the evaluation of AI in health care. We argue that patients should be perceived as "fellow workers" and epistemic partners in the interpretation of ML_CDSS outputs. We further highlight that a meaningful process of integrating (rather than weighing and balancing) ethical principles is most appropriate in the evaluation of medical AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Informed consent (IC) is a fundamental principle in medical ethics that upholds respect for patient autonomy. Although widely applied in healthcare, its feasibility and implementation in herbal medicine have been underexplored. This study therefore aimed to explore the practices and attitudes of herbalists regarding informed consent. Methods To achieve these objectives, a qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted from June to December 2020. Twenty-one in-depth interviews with herbalists and four key informant interviews with leaders of the different traditional medicine organizations were conducted. The data were analyzed thematically using NVivo version 12 software. Results Sixteen of the twenty-one participants acquired oral herbal medicine knowledge from their relatives. Although a positive inclination toward obtaining IC was evident, the focus was on disclosing basic information. Discussions of alternative treatments and herbal specifics were less frequent. Disease management decisions often involve shared responsibility within families or societies. Documented IC procedures are rare among herbalists, who deem consent forms unnecessary, although they recognize the potential benefits of IC in fostering trust and professionalism. Challenges hindering IC implementation included regulatory gaps, inadequate skills, and the absence of mechanisms to protect the intellectual property rights of herbal medicine. Conclusion This study illuminates how educational, cultural, familial, and regulatory factors influence herbalists’ practices and attitudes toward informed consent.

One major challenge of the 21st century is the increasingly rapid development of new technologies and their evaluation. In this article we argue for an interdisciplinary approach to meet this demand for evaluating new and specifically bioinspired technologies. We combine the consideration of normative principles in the field of ethics with psychological-empirical research on attitudes. In doing so, the paper has a twofold concern: first, we discuss how such an interdisciplinary collaboration can be implemented by using the method of Cognitive-Affective Mapping. Cognitive-Affective Maps (CAMs) enable a graphical representation of attitudes, including cognitive and affective aspects. Second, we argue that CAMs can be helpful to remedy the deficits of traditional ethical approaches. We applied CAMs in the context of an ethics seminar in which students were instructed to create CAMs based on bioinspired technologies twice – prior to the seminar to assess their evaluation on bioinspired technologies per se (pre-assessment) and after the seminar to assess how their evaluation might have changed and especially which normative ethical principles might have been additionally considered (post-assessment). As could be shown, CAMs can visualize the students' attitudes, including the valence of ethical principles. Further, comparing pre- and post-CAMs indicated students' attitude change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Managerial ethical principles and behaviours guide the roles, duties, responsibilities, behaviours, and relationships of nurse managers in healthcare institutions. Research objectives: The aim of this study was to establish the managerial ethical principles and behaviours for nurse managers. Research question: What are the managerial ethical principles and behaviours for nurse managers? Research design: The Delphi method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in this study. The Delphi process consisted of two rounds. Data were collected by e-Delphi technique. Participations: 42 experts were included in the first Delphi round and 39 in the second Delphi round. These experts consisted of nurse managers, academicians studying in the field of ethics and nursing management. Ethical considerations: Participation in the study was voluntary and informed consent of the experts was obtained before the study. Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the university at which the researcher worked (Approval date: 24.07.2020, Decision No: 2020/12-16). Findings: At the end of the Delphi rounds, eight managerial ethical principles and 29 ethical behaviours of these principles were identified. The distribution of these behaviours and principles were: justice (six behaviours), equality (two behaviours), honesty (two behaviours), fairness (two behaviours), responsibility (eight behaviours), confidentiality (two behaviours), clarity (two behaviours), and humanity (five behaviours). Conclusion: These managerial ethical principles and behaviours are intended to guide nurse managers when providing nursing services but should be updated accordingly in line with changing conditions and developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe how first-line managers (FLMs) in home care (HC) reason about the opportunities and obstacles to lead the work according to the individual's needs and goals. Design/methodology/approach: In this participatory appreciative action reflection project, eight managers within one Swedish municipality were interviewed. The data were analysed using a thematic analysis. Findings: The results showed a polarization between two different systems that FLMs struggle to balance when attempting to lead HC that adapts to the needs and goals of individuals. One system was represented by the possibilities of a humane system, with human capital in the form of the individual, older persons and the co-workers in HC. The second system was represented by obstacles in the form of the economic needs of the organization in which the individual receiving HC often felt forgotten. In this system, the organization's needs and goals governed, with FLMs needing to adapt to the cost-effectiveness principle and keep a balanced budget. The managers had to balance an ethical conflict of values between the human value and needs-solidarity principles, with that of the cost-effectiveness principle. Originality/value: The FLMs lack the opportunity to lead HC according to the needs and goals of the individuals receiving HC. There is a need for consensus and a value-based leadership model based on ethical principles such as the principles of human value and needs-solidarity to lead the HC according to the individual's needs and goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of ethical principles of journalism in publishing materials about war victims. The ethical principles of journalism have always been up-to-date. However, with the beginning of the war in 2014 and the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine in February 2022, it was updated and added new content. In this context, there is a big contradiction in the work of modern media with materials related to the use of photographs and images of territories where active hostilities are taking place and persons who have become victims of war. Journalists seek to cover information about war’s progress, but such information can often harm the military and civilians. The study aims to specify journalism’s ethical principles when publishing materials about war victims. Among the tasks of the research, the following are highlighted: the study of the current state of investigation of the problem of ethical principles of journalism in the publication of materials about war victims; specification of recommendations on the application of ethical principles of journalism in the publication of materials about war victims; analysis of cases of publication of journalistic materials about war victims by their modern ethical principles and recommendations of the Commission on Journalistic Ethics. In determining the principles of journalism in the publication of materials about war victims, the Commission on Journalistic Ethics recommendations were used, which served to become the basis for the journalist’s work within the scope of the legal regime of martial law. These principles take into account the practice of individual Ukrainian media, the positions of the editorial codes of well-known world media, and the guidelines of international journalistic and expert organizations. Based on the recommendations, cases of modern media publications were analyzed for compliance with ethical principles.

This study assesses the awareness and understanding of the Literature, Publishing and Translation Commission (LPTC) / Saudi Arabian Translation Association (SATA) code of ethics amongst translators in Saudi Arabia, along with their degree of compliance exhibited in their practice with respect to specific ethical principles outlined in the code. Factors that may influence ethical code compliance, such as training, experience and organisational support, are examined. A mixed method approach was adopted for data collection and analysis. A self-built questionnaire comprising 39 items was developed based on the Saudi Translators’ Professional Guide. Interviews were also conducted in order to gather data pertaining to factors that influence Saudi translators’ compliance with the ethics code. The findings indicate that Saudi translators have an extremely high awareness of the LPTC/SATA code (mean score 4.33 ± 0.52), with female translators demonstrating a higher degree of compliance than their male counterparts. The length of professional experience marginally affected translators’ divergence in their ethical code adherence, specifically, within the limits of translator competence. Differences were detected between translators with between 6-10 and 11-15 years, between 6-10 and > 20 years, and between 11-15 and > 20 years of experience. Qualitative findings suggested that the challenges which prevent ethical code compliance include an absence of awareness, a lack of the training and the tools required, an inability to balance professional and ethical requisites, as well as translational task complexity.

After more than half a century of research and development (R&D), Brain–computer interface (BCI)-based Neurotechnology continues to progress as one of the leading technologies of the 2020 s worldwide. Various reports and academic literature in Europe and the United States (U.S.) have outlined the trends in the R&D of neurotechnology and the consideration of ethical issues, and the importance of the formulation of ethical principles, guidance and industrial standards as well as the development of relevant human resources has been discussed. However, limited number studies have focused on neurotechnology R&D, the dissemination of neuroethics related to the academic foundation advancing the discussion on ethical principles, guidance and standards or human resource development in the Asian region. This study fills in this gap in understanding of Eastern Asian (China, Korea and Japan) situation based on the participation in activities to develop ethical principles, guidance, and industrial standards for appropriate use of neurotechnology, in addition to literature survey and clinical registries’ search investigation reflecting the trends in neurotechnology R&D as well as its social implication in Asian region. The current study compared the results with the situation in Europa and the U.S. and discussed issues that need to be addressed in the future and discussed the significance and potential of corporate consortium initiatives in Japan and examples of ethics and governance activities in Asian Countries.

Copyright of Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Philology Series is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Advances in neuroscience and other disciplines are producing large-scale brain data consisting of datasets from multiple organisms, disciplines, and jurisdictions in different formats. However, due to the lack of an international data governance framework brain data is currently being produced under various contextual ethical and legal principles which may influence key stakeholders involved in the generation, collection, processing and sharing of brain data thereby raising ethical and legal challenges. In addition, despite the demand for a brain data governance framework that accounts for culture, there is a gap in empirical research and actions to understand how key stakeholders around the world view these issues using neuroscientists who are affected by these ethical and legal principles. Therefore, using the research question how do ethical and legal principles influence data governance in neuroscience? we attempt to understand the perceptions of key actors on the principles, issues and concerns that can arise from brain data research. We carried out interviews with 21 leading international neuroscientists. The analytical insights revealed key ethical and legal principles, areas of convergence, visibility, and the contextual issues and concerns that arise in brain data research around these principles. These issues and concerns circulate around intimately connected areas which include ethics, human rights, regulations, policies and guidelines, and participatory governance. Also, key contextual insights around animal research and ethics were identified. The research identifies key principles, issues, and concerns that need to be addressed in advancing the development of a framework for global brain data governance. By presenting contextual insights from neuroscientists across regions, the study contributes to informing discussions and shaping policies aimed at promoting responsible and ethical practices in brain data research. The research answers the call for a cross cultural study of global brain data governance and the results of the study will assist in understanding the issues and concerns that arise in brain data governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the moral standards within Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) among faculty and students, employing a phenomenological approach. Through qualitative methodology, it examined the lived experiences of six faculty and six students from diverse HEIs via in-depth interviews. The findings revealed structured standards aligned with the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers, emphasizing values such as respect, honesty, integrity, and social responsibility. Additionally, unwritten moral standards reflect participants’ lived experiences, covering spirituality, empathy, accountability, fairness, and personal wellbeing. In addition, it identified three interconnected factors influencing ethical behavior: moral character, interaction, and environment. Traits like integrity and self-discipline form the foundation for ethical conduct. Positive interactions, such as empathy and compassion, foster a supportive atmosphere. The moral environment, marked by responsibility and justice, shapes societal and institutional contexts for ethical behavior. By nurturing moral character, encouraging positive interactions, and fostering ethical environments, HEIs can promote ethical behavior and improve educational quality. This research enhanced understanding of moral standards in HEIs, offering insights to enhance educational experiences and promote a morally upright society within institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the context of the globalization of the clinical trials market, the rapid growth in their number, the fast development of biomedical research using new technologies, and insufficient control over their conduct by state regulatory authorities and independent ethics committees, ethical aspects of conducting clinical trials and the issue of protecting patients' rights remain relevant. The aim of the study: To review and compare the legislative frameworks and regulations of ethical aspects of clinical trials in Russia and the BRICS countries, which possess significant scientific, industrial, and economic potential - China, India, and Brazil. Materials and Methods: The search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases, with descriptors including ethics in clinical trials, legislative regulation of clinical trials, and ethic committee. The selection criteria included publications from 2010 to 2024 and articles focusing on the regulation of clinical trials in Russia, China, India, and Brazil, along with their histories and evaluation forms. Results and Discussion: In Russia, the work of Ethics Committees is based on the European model, grounded in modern international ethical norms and regulatory documents of the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). A drawback is the lack of structured interaction between Ethics Committees at both national and local levels. The work of Ethics Committees in China and India faces several problems, such as weak organizational structure, unjustified membership composition, low training, incompetence, weak control and management mechanisms, and flawed systems for obtaining informed consent. The Brazil's ethical and regulatory system meets global requirements and ethical standards, aimed at protecting the rights of clinical trials participants. However, in all developing countries, there remains a potential danger for clinical trial participants with a low socio-economic standard of living. Conclusion: The experience of BRICS countries, which are intensively developing in the field of clinical trials, is interesting in terms of developing possible approaches to monitoring activities, ensuring interaction, certifying Ethics Committees, and centrally training Ethic Committee members in Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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It forms the basis of recent reform movements in public administration principles such as openness, impartiality, honesty, transparency. The issue of ethics in public administration comes forward in providing better quality services and ensuring public confidence. Because the most important obstacle to the effective functioning of public administration is unethical practices and behaviors. Institutional arrangements are made in our country to prevent unethical practices and to ensure the adoption of ethical values in management. One of the most concrete developments in this regard is the adoption of Law No. 5176. With this law, the Public Servants Ethics Committee was established to ensure the adoption and development of ethical culture in public administration. Thus, it is expected comply with ethical principles while performing their duties from public employees. The development of ethical culture in public institutions is also among the basic dynamics of the new public administration approach. With the development of ethical understanding in the public sector, it will be possible to prevent wrong practices in public institutions such as corruption, nepotism, bribery. The aim of this study is to examine the functionality of the board through the decisions of the Public Servants Ethics Committee. In the study, suggestions were made in order to contribute to the development of ethical culture in public administration. When the distribution of the decisions taken by the Board according to the years is examined in the study, it has been concluded that there has been a decrease in the applications made to the Board after 2012. The most fundamental reason for this is considered to be the abolition of the practice of publishing the Board Decisions in the Official Gazette. The influence of the Board in ensuring citizens' confidence in public administration should not be ignored. In order for the Public Servants Ethics Committee to achieve the expected effect, it is thought that its general structure and sphere of influence should be updated again within the scope of the conditions of the period. It has been determined that the Board carries out awareness studies on the development of ethical culture in management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large proportion of hospital inpatients are affected by cognitive impairment, posing challenges in the provision of their care in busy, fast-paced acute wards. Signs and symbols, known as visual identifiers, are employed in many U.K. hospitals with the intention of helping healthcare professionals identify and respond to the needs of these patients. Although widely considered useful, these tools are used inconsistently, have not been subject to full evaluation, and attract criticism for acting as a shorthand for a routinized response. In order for visual identifiers to be used effectively in acute care settings, thorough consideration must be given to the ethical and legal issues that are engaged in this context, and their potential benefits and harms must be weighed and balanced. This paper proposes a set of legal and ethical principles that can be used to guide the implementation of visual identifiers. Together, these principles provide a framework applicable in the design and implementation phases to systematically identify relevant considerations arising from the use of these tools. We outline some tensions that arise between principles and conclude that selecting a preferred moral framework could help to guide decision-making, as does clarity around the purpose and objectives of the identifier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dilemmas regarding opioid prescribing for chronic pain frequently occur within health care settings. The ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice, as well as the principles of care ethics, can assist in addressing these opioid-related dilemmas. The purpose of this clinical case study is to provide a case study highlighting an opioid prescribing dilemma and then identify opioid-related transition considerations; address ethical questions that nurse practitioners (NPs) may encounter in clinical practice when providing care for individuals living with chronic pain who may need or use a prescribed opioid medication; and draw on the ethical principles and care ethics to provide guidance for NPs who face these challenging issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Selcuk Law Review / Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Selcuk Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Academic faculty members need to emphasize ethical principles in order to improve higher education, with the understanding of this importance, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing the ethical model of academic faculty members in Iran's higher education. Material & Methods: This research is a type of qualitative study that uses foundational data theory. The participants, including experts and faculty members of the country's public universities, who were responsible for the promotion of academic members, were selected as key informants through a targeted sampling method of 45 people. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The reliability and validity of the data were obtained from the two methods of reviewing the participants and recoding by experts. Data were analyzed by open, central and selective coding. Results: The results showed that the moral model of faculty members in Iran's higher education is explained in 10 main categories and 27 subcategories. Major and core categories in the form of 6 dimensions of causal conditions including (individual factors, organizational factors), core (cultural-educational, educational ethics, research ethics, scientific-executive), background conditions (higher education policies, moral activism), intervening conditions (environmental factors), strategies (micro level - university, macro level - higher education) and consequences (individual and organizational) were elevated to a higher abstract level and finally the research paradigm model was presented. Conclusion: The regulations for the promotion of academic staff members in Iran require a detailed revision of the content with an ethical and qualitative approach in order to make the indicators of the promotion regulations efficient and effective.

Abstract Background In this study, we examined the ethical implications of Egypt’s new clinical trial law, employing the ethical framework proposed by Emanuel et al. and comparing it to various national and supranational laws. This analysis is crucial as Egypt, considered a high-growth pharmaceutical market, has become an attractive location for clinical trials, offering insights into the ethical implementation of bioethical regulations in a large population country with a robust healthcare infrastructure and predominantly treatment-naïve patients. Methods We conducted a comparative analysis of Egyptian law with regulations from Sweden and France, including the EU Clinical Trials Regulation, considering ethical human subject research criteria, and used a directed approach to qualitative content analysis to examine the laws and regulations. This study involved extensive peer scrutiny, frequent debriefing sessions, and collaboration with legal experts with relevant international legal expertise to ensure rigorous analysis and interpretation of the laws. Results On the rating of the seven different principles (social and scientific values, scientific validity, fair selection of participants, risk-benefit ratio, independent review, informed consent and respect for participants) Egypt, France, and EU regulations had comparable scores. Specific principles (Social Value, Scientific Value, and Fair selection of participants) were challenging to directly identify due to certain regulations embodying 'implicit' principles more than explicitly stated ones. Conclusion The analysis underscores Egypt's alignment with internationally recognized ethical principles, as outlined by Emanuel et al., through its comparison with French, Swedish, and EU regulations, emphasizing the critical need for Egypt to continuously refine its ethical regulations to safeguard participant protection and research integrity. Key issues identified include the necessity to clarify and standardize the concept of social value in research, alongside concerns regarding the expertise and impartiality of ethical review boards, pointing towards a broader agenda for enhancing research ethics in Egypt and beyond.

Assisted care using artificial intelligence technology is an emerging paradigm in healthcare, offering significant opportunities for improving patients' quality of life and healthcare efficiency. However, with the implementation of artificial intelligence technology in healthcare, many concerns about ethical issues regarding data usage are also developing. In this context, the article addresses the importance of ethical principles in AI-assisted care, highlighting some key aspects that need to be considered to ensure the responsible and beneficial use of this technology in healthcare. The research focuses on ethical principles regarding the implementation and development of artificial intelligence in eHealth applications, as well as the ethical implications of data use under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Use cases for applications employing users` personal data in different contexts are presented, highlighting the role of AI in eHealth, for the early detection and diagnosis of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, for personalised therapies, the continuous patient monitoring as well as for virtual healthcare specific to these diseases. A security solution based on a multimodal biometric system that can be used in eHealth applications for neurodegenerative diseases is also proposed.

The crisis of moral principles of social development at the present stage, the need of Russian law to create new legal traditions, the need to form a new scale of social values necessitate the assessment of the existing criminal procedure regulation for compliance with moral and ethical standards, the main axiological determinants of modern society, among which faith and trust occupy a special place. Through these categories, it is necessary to assess the understanding of evidence reliability in criminal proceedings. Purpose: to analyze the evidence reliability by interpreting its criteria in law enforcement practice. Methods: methods of comparative and comparative law research, description, interpretation; axiological and axiomatic methods; specific scientific methods: legal-dogmatic and interpretation of legal norms. Results: the study allows to conclude that it is necessary to assess the evidence reliability due not only to its procedural significance, but also to its moral essence. The analysis of judicial practice allows to argue the thesis that, unlike faith, which does not require proof, reliability needs confirmation, but in practice the criteria for assessing the evidence reliability are highly differentiated.

Background: In this study, we examined the ethical implications of Egypt's new clinical trial law, employing the ethical framework proposed by Emanuel et al. and comparing it to various national and supranational laws. This analysis is crucial as Egypt, considered a high-growth pharmaceutical market, has become an attractive location for clinical trials, offering insights into the ethical implementation of bioethical regulations in a large population country with a robust healthcare infrastructure and predominantly treatment-naïve patients. Methods: We conducted a comparative analysis of Egyptian law with regulations from Sweden and France, including the EU Clinical Trials Regulation, considering ethical human subject research criteria, and used a directed approach to qualitative content analysis to examine the laws and regulations. This study involved extensive peer scrutiny, frequent debriefing sessions, and collaboration with legal experts with relevant international legal expertise to ensure rigorous analysis and interpretation of the laws. Results: On the rating of the seven different principles (social and scientific values, scientific validity, fair selection of participants, risk-benefit ratio, independent review, informed consent and respect for participants) Egypt, France, and EU regulations had comparable scores. Specific principles (Social Value, Scientific Value, and Fair selection of participants) were challenging to directly identify due to certain regulations embodying 'implicit' principles more than explicitly stated ones. Conclusion: The analysis underscores Egypt's alignment with internationally recognized ethical principles, as outlined by Emanuel et al., through its comparison with French, Swedish, and EU regulations, emphasizing the critical need for Egypt to continuously refine its ethical regulations to safeguard participant protection and research integrity. Key issues identified include the necessity to clarify and standardize the concept of social value in research, alongside concerns regarding the expertise and impartiality of ethical review boards, pointing towards a broader agenda for enhancing research ethics in Egypt and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the importance of ethics in neuromarketing research and examines ethical issues from the perspective of potential research participants. The goal is to analyze and statistically verify established hypotheses regarding ethical issues in neuromarketing research. The data obtained from the respondents provides insight into their attitudes towards neuromarketing research from an ethical perspective. The paper deals with the theoretical foundations of ethics and neuromarketing, analytical assessment of ethics according to the results of the questionnaire within the ethically responsible approach in neuromarketing research. The conclusion is an evaluation of ethical problems in neuromarketing research and measures to improve them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participatory Action Research (PAR) brings unique ethical challenges. Scholars have developed seven ethical principles to address these challenges. So far, little has been published on how these ethical principles (are put to) work in different fields. We used the principles to evaluate our collaboration with co-researchers with developmental language disorder (DLD). This article aims to explore how the principles helped to reflect on the ongoing research practice. First, we needed to simplify the language of the principles so that the co-researchers could understand how they relate to concrete practices. Second, the co-researchers needed to be reminded of specific events before they could relate the principles to their own experiences. Lastly, for an evaluation of (co-) researchers dealing with multiple roles, from friend to colleague and client, this theme has been specifically included to the principle of personal integrity, so that it cannot be overlooked. Looking through a care ethical lens, we suggest speaking of practical insights rather than (ethical) principles, as it more clearly communicates that these insights are based on learning by doing and are not fixed, but build on (good) practices, whilst still allowing enough room for adjustments to the particularities inherent to each research process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tsinghua Journal of Education is the property of Tsinghua University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper delves into the concept of socially responsible marketing and its significance in fostering diversity, equity, and inclusion within organizational environments. It elucidates the connection between marketing and corporate social responsibility (CSR), showcasing methods of integrating social responsibility into marketing activities. Ethical principles inherent in socially responsible marketing are delineated, along with examples of CSR programs and projects within marketing initiatives. Furthermore, the paper explores the context and nature of diversity management policies and practices in organizations, highlighting the need for aligning marketing efforts with inclusive practices. It delves into the perception of various antecedents and consequences of diversity, equity, and inclusion at individual, group, and organizational levels, emphasizing the role of marketing in shaping perceptions and fostering inclusivity. Additionally, the paper addresses systemic, structural, organizational, institutional, cultural, and societal obstacles related to diversity, equity, and inclusion, underscoring the importance of socially responsible marketing in overcoming these challenges. It provides insights into how marketing initiatives can contribute to dismantling barriers and promoting diversity and inclusion within diverse organizational settings and workplaces. In conclusion, the paper underscores the pivotal role of socially responsible marketing in advancing diversity, equity, and inclusion agendas within organizational settings. It emphasizes the need for ethical and inclusive marketing practices and offers recommendations for incorporating social responsibility into marketing strategies to foster a more inclusive and equitable business environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical education as well as sports is human activity that supports holistically the development of individuals. Sport is recognized as an individual activity that provides the opportunity for self-knowledge, self-expression and fulfillment of personal achievement. Sport support skill acquisition and demonstration of skill, a joyful life, a well-being state and a good health. Moreover, sport also involves us in a collective effort to pursue human excellence, giving us the real opportunity for social interaction. Followed by discipline, sport becomes a source of pleasure, but more than that, sport brings inspiration to individuals, brings them together through their cultures and differences, for a common purpose, thus creating bonds where previously there were social divisions. Besides all its attributes, from a social-constructionist paradigm, sport can contribute to the prosperity of society and can stimulate friendships between nations, at the same time calling for co-responsibility. Starting from responsibility as a social value, we thus understand how sport is the environment responsible for the application of rules and for adherence to moral and ethical values, such as respect for the dignity of the person, in a reciprocal way, solidarity, equity, fairness, transparency. The present paper comes to briefly approach, from a theoretical point of view, the importance of ethics at the level of sports, and to highlight those ethical values (through a selection of ethical principles) on which the sport practice is based, through the lens of international specialized literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has emerged as a promising technology that can create original content, such as text, images, and sound. The use of GenAI in educational settings is becoming increasingly popular and offers a range of opportunities and challenges. This special issue explores the management and integration of GenAI in educational settings, including the ethical considerations, best practices, and opportunities. The potential of GenAI in education is vast. By using algorithms and data, GenAI can create original content that can be used to augment traditional teaching methods, creating a more interactive and personalized learning experience. In addition, GenAI can be utilized as an assessment tool and for providing feedback to students using generated content. For instance, it can be used to create custom quizzes, generate essay prompts, or even grade essays. The use of GenAI as an assessment tool can reduce the workload of teachers and help students receive prompt feedback on their work. Incorporating GenAI in educational settings also poses challenges related to academic integrity. With availability of GenAI models, students can use them to study or complete their homework assignments, which can raise concerns about the authenticity and authorship of the delivered work. Therefore, it is important to ensure that academic standards are maintained, and the originality of the student's work is preserved. This issue highlights the need for implementing ethical practices in the use of GenAI models and ensuring that the technology is used to support and not replace the student's learning experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moral responsibility is a prominent concept used in political discourses and theoretical debates. Yet disagreement remains on how it could work in practice. When attempting to address global challenges such as global poverty, combating atrocities, or artificial intelligence, approaches often revert to retrospective accounts of responsibility that focus on non-compliance with regulatory frameworks. As a result, cases where prospective responsibility would be required often go unaddressed. In this article, we introduce an analytical conceptualization of responsibility that should help to guide the application of moral responsibility in such situations. In the first step, we develop a typology that distinguishes between four types of responsibility: 'obligatory', 'structural', 'prescribed', and 'discursive'. Second, we identify responsibility gaps for each responsibility type. Third, we introduce different ethical principles from political theory that help to identify potential responsibility relations. We illustrate the utility of this framework with the example of climate change, where ethical principles beyond the contribution principle have already been applied. The paper facilitates new perspectives in political debates about how to allocate responsibility in light of global challenges and enhances theoretical debates in International Relations scholarship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working with a suicidal patient is a high-risk enterprise for the patient who might die from suicide, the patient's family who might lose a loved one, and the psychologist who is likely to feel extreme grief or fear of legal liability after the suicide of a patient. To minimize the likelihood of such patient deaths, psychologists must ensure that they know and follow the relevant laws dealing with suicidal patients, rely on risk management strategies that anticipate and address problems in treatment early, and use overarching ethical principles to guide their clinical decisions. This article looks at the roles of laws, risk management strategies, and ethical principles; how they interact; and how a proper understanding of them can improve the quality of patient care while protecting psychologists from legal liability. Public Significance Statement: This article describes how understanding the roles and interactions of laws, risk management principles, and ethics can help psychotherapists improve the quality of their services to suicidal patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To educate each person integrally as a member of society, ethical principles with an ontological dimension are needed. This qualitative research with literature study method aims to explore the ontological dimension of community education refers to Augustine’s thought in The City of God. The results of this study show that community education is synonymous with building the City of God, which is characterized by human relationships with God so that they are able to use freedom driven by altruist love to implement social responsibility for the realization of peace, justice and happiness in common life. Education of conscience plays an important role in developing the sensitivity, concern and responsibility of each person to realize true happiness in life together. True happiness, which is the goal of everyone’s life, has a moral, relational-dialogical, dynamic and affective character. Altruistic love, which stems from man’s relationship with God, is an ethical principle in social life. At the same time, the idea of each person’s relationship with God and his presence in conscience confirms Augustine’s position on the ontological dimension of the morality of living together. Augustine’s ideas about the ontological dimension of social morality have influenced moral education in the Christian tradition and philosophical discourse over time.

Ethical concerns about how artificial intelligence (AI) impacts individuals and society are increasing rapidly, but few studies have systematically investigated the public awareness of AI ethics. This research collected and analyzed data from a public poll in Taiwan, an Asian region with a developed economy and specific social conditions, to identify societal views on AI ethics. The analysis of 84 AI ethics guidelines worldwide provided the survey framework covering five ethical principles: transparency, fairness, privacy, nonmaleficence, and accountability. The overarching goal was to determine the commonalities and differences in the ethical concerns of Taiwanese laypersons toward AI. Participants aged from 20 to 70 ( $N =1$ ,200) completed a computer-assisted random-digit-dial telephone survey, which utilized ethical scenarios to capture social views, and item validity was confirmed using focus-group interviews. Results found that respondents concerned about nonmaleficence the most, emphasizing that AI applications should not harm humans. Taiwanese people therefore tended to support strict AI technology regulation. It was particularly interesting that different patterns of public concern emerged about accountability, with the opinions on attributing responsibility to stakeholders varying with scenarios and the public’s backgrounds. Those with higher education levels tended to attribute more responsibility to the industry, whereas those who had only received elementary-school education attributed accountability to AI developers. For self-driving cars, accountability was attributed to AI developers, whereas for medical decision-making, the accountability was attributed to the hospitals. These findings may help to elucidate the associations between societal views and the ethical principles of AI worldwide.

In this paper, the authors present the specifics of the management of economic entities in the field of agricultural production in the Republic of Serbia. In addition to the goals that all business entities are faced with, which are economic goals that are reflected in the realization of profits for the sake of business security for a long period of time and safe survival in a constantly turbulent environment, and legal goals that oblige first-class entities to operate in accordance with legal regulations, limiting conditions of freedom of management, in the form of respect for high ethical principles, are set before economic entities engaged in agricultural production due to the use of agricultural land that represents a good of general interest and a natural resource. This activity has a significant impact on human health and the environment. The authors used a survey of the owners of 40 agricultural farms and small businesses in the territory of the municipality of Ruma and other stakeholders, first of all buyers of goods of the surveyed economic entities, then extensive literate review and the method of comparative analysis. The results of the research show that for those economic subjects whose business requires the trust of citizens and protection of the environment, respect for high ethical principles in business, could be the tip of the scales that will determine their survival on the market. It has been shown that compliance with the rules of business ethics, in the long term, brings the business entity more profit, so compliance with those rules is becoming more and more universal. That is why agricultural producers follow the ethical principles of responsible business. The role of the Government of the Republic of Serbia could be crucial here with certain types of assistance, which would further improve the sustainable development of agricultural entities.

The article considers the current state of municipal service as a special type of professional activity with a specific ethical complex. The increased interest in the development of local self-government in Russia is determined by a new stage in the reform of municipal service as a social-legal institution and one of the most important types of professional activity in the contemporary society. The efficiency of local self-government directly depends on the level of the local population involvement, on the one hand, and on the municipal employees’ moral awareness of their activities, on the other. Professional ethics, due to its applied nature, performs an important task - specifies the general ethical principles of practical activity in relation to a particular profession. Ethical complex of municipal service as a regulator of the officials’ work ensures the efficiency of management activities, contributing to its increase. High requirements of professional ethics are mandatory for all employees; their fulfillment is the main condition for professionalism. In the contemporary society, professionalism, together with the corresponding knowledge, skills and abilities, forms the value-normative, ethical priorities of the individual, allowing to choose optimal formats for fulfilling one’s professional duties. Based on the analysis of legislative documents and the code of ethics, the article examines the criteria of professionalism and competence of the municipal employee, which are to increase the efficiency of their professional activities. Knowledge and compliance with the provisions of the Code is one of the criteria for assessing the quality of professional activity and official behavior. Professional culture is closely related to professional ethics; therefore, the development of professional culture helps to become a professional. The development of professional culture of municipal employees is ensured, on the one hand, by the legislative requirements; on the other hand, by the subjective perception of certain knowledge, abilities, values and norms of the code of ethics.

Engineered living materials (ELMs) combine living and non-living entities. Their associated ethical concerns must be addressed to promote safety, promote sustainability, and regulate societal impacts. This article identifies key ethical and safety issues by reflecting on fundamental ethical principles. It further discusses a future ethical roadmap for sustainable research in ELMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]