Search

Background: In modern healthcare, the role of solidarity, altruism and the natural response to moral challenges in life-threatening situations is still rather unexplored. The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to obtain a deeper understanding of nurses' willingness to care for patients during crisis. Objective: To elucidate clinical expressions of ontological situational ethics through nurses' willingness to work during a pandemic. Research design, participants and context: A qualitative study with an interpretive design was applied. Twenty nurses who worked in intensive care unit at two Swedish hospitals during the first, second, and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic were interviewed. The analysis was interpretative and applied a theoretical ethics perspective. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Findings: From a philosophical perspective, the nurses expressed sovereign life expressions of mercy and compassion, which arose spontaneously in response to seeing vulnerable fellow humans. They referenced ''the nurse inside me'' and their choice of profession as motives to provide care. Ontological situational ethics in culture and norms were noted in the constructs of competence, responsibility, solidarity with colleagues and organization; and interest and learning were driving forces. Ethical demand was evident when nurses expressed ideas of meaningfulness in helping their fellow humans; but themes of ambiguity, exhaustion and unwillingness were also present. Conclusions: The nurses showed a high willingness to care for patients during a crisis. Responding to the ethical demand and to care for vulnerable human beings while risking their own health and lives could be interpreted as an inter-human vocation. These spontaneous altruistic actions saved the lives of many patients during the pandemic and need to be understood and supported.

This study focuses on principals’ leadership in the light of trust as a natural phenomenon. Trust has earlier been seen as a factor in management and organizations to create results. However, what leadership actions that principals and teachers perceive contribute to this trust has not been studied in a Swedish school context. The purpose is to contribute to a deepened knowledge of what in everyday situations that are perceived to contribute to trust between principals and teachers. Taking the theoretical framework from Løgstrup as a point of departure, interviews with six principals and fourteen teachers have been conducted. At first, the principals were interviewed about situations they perceived had trust in the relation with teachers. Secondly, teachers were interviewed about the same situation. The analyses point to that principals’ attitude affect the way they act. This attitude toward the other could be central on how principals create a space in their relations to teachers where trust can exist, use time to the other and interact in the situation. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of an interacting leadership that create a space for trust in the relations between principals and teachers., Rektorer i skolan leder en av samhällets viktigaste institutioner som ska skapa förutsättningar för att barn och elever kan lära och utvecklas så långt som möjligt. Intresset för tillit som en aspekt av att styra och leda skolan har ökat. Denna studie handlar om rektorers ledarskap utifrån ett mellanmänskligt perspektiv där tillit ses som ett naturligt fenomen. Syftet är att bidra till en fördjupad kunskap om vad som i vardagliga situationer upplevs bidra till tillit i relationen mellan rektorer och lärare. Intervjuer med rektorer och lärare har gjorts som har analyserats med Løgstrups teoretiska ram som utgångspunkt. Resultatet pekar på att rektorers agerande i tillitsfulla situationer påverkas av deras hållning till en specifik situation och i sina relationer till lärare. Studien bidrar till en djupare förståelse av ett interaktivt ledarskap där tillit ges utrymme i relationerna mellan rektor och lärare.

This dissertation addresses the research question of what demands us to be ethical after the ‘death of God’ and the ethico-political critique of the modern Subject. It moreover explicates the implications of the proposed answer to this question for the debate on race and rehumanization. The question is addressed in conversation with the French philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy and Cameroonian philosopher and historian Achille Mbembe. Accordingly, the study argues for the position of an ontological demand that situates the ethical demand in being obligated to take responsibility for our disposition of existing in the world always already with others, a demand that concerns our ethos or conduct of existing in the world. The implications of this claim is considered in conversation with Nancy, who first outlined this stance, and Mbembe, who pushes it further in terms of a critical engagement with the question of race—more specifically, regarding the relation between the ethical demand and the reparation of the dignity of those historically dehumanized under a racialized worldview. As Mbembe notes, it concerns reparation not reduced only to its economic meaning. Instead, it concerns the reparation of the broken relations within our shared world. Correspondingly, the main research question is divided into three sub-questions: how does Western metaphysics constitute ethics, and why is it problematic? (chapters 2 through 5); how do Nancy and Mbembe help us reconceive what demands us to be ethical, given the critique of Western metaphysics and the limits of the Self-Other schema? (chapters 6 and 7); and how does the dialogue with and between Nancy and Mbembe help advance the debate on race in a globalized world, and what are the implications thereof for philosophizing from the Global South? (chapter 8).

This study focuses on principals’ leadership in the light of trust as a natural phenomenon. Trust has earlier been seen as a factor in management and organizations to create results. However, what leadership actions that principals and teachers perceive contribute to this trust has not been studied in a Swedish school context. The purpose is to contribute to a deepened knowledge of what in everyday situations that are perceived to contribute to trust between principals and teachers. Taking the theoretical framework from Løgstrup as a point of departure, interviews with six principals and fourteen teachers have been conducted. At first, the principals were interviewed about situations they perceived had trust in the relation with teachers. Secondly, teachers were interviewed about the same situation. The analyses point to that principals’ attitude affect the way they act. This attitude toward the other could be central on how principals create a space in their relations to teachers where trust can exist, use time to the other and interact in the situation. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of an interacting leadership that create a space for trust in the relations between principals and teachers., Rektorer i skolan leder en av samhällets viktigaste institutioner som ska skapa förutsättningar för att barn och elever kan lära och utvecklas så långt som möjligt. Intresset för tillit som en aspekt av att styra och leda skolan har ökat. Denna studie handlar om rektorers ledarskap utifrån ett mellanmänskligt perspektiv där tillit ses som ett naturligt fenomen. Syftet är att bidra till en fördjupad kunskap om vad som i vardagliga situationer upplevs bidra till tillit i relationen mellan rektorer och lärare. Intervjuer med rektorer och lärare har gjorts som har analyserats med Løgstrups teoretiska ram som utgångspunkt. Resultatet pekar på att rektorers agerande i tillitsfulla situationer påverkas av deras hållning till en specifik situation och i sina relationer till lärare. Studien bidrar till en djupare förståelse av ett interaktivt ledarskap där tillit ges utrymme i relationerna mellan rektor och lärare.

This study focuses on principals’ leadership in the light of trust as a natural phenomenon. Trust has earlier been seen as a factor in management and organizations to create results. However, what leadership actions that principals and teachers perceive contribute to this trust has not been studied in a Swedish school context. The purpose is to contribute to a deepened knowledge of what in everyday situations that are perceived to contribute to trust between principals and teachers. Taking the theoretical framework from Løgstrup as a point of departure, interviews with six principals and fourteen teachers have been conducted. At first, the principals were interviewed about situations they perceived had trust in the relation with teachers. Secondly, teachers were interviewed about the same situation. The analyses point to that principals’ attitude affect the way they act. This attitude toward the other could be central on how principals create a space in their relations to teachers where trust can exist, use time to the other and interact in the situation. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of an interacting leadership that create a space for trust in the relations between principals and teachers., Rektorer i skolan leder en av samhällets viktigaste institutioner som ska skapa förutsättningar för att barn och elever kan lära och utvecklas så långt som möjligt. Intresset för tillit som en aspekt av att styra och leda skolan har ökat. Denna studie handlar om rektorers ledarskap utifrån ett mellanmänskligt perspektiv där tillit ses som ett naturligt fenomen. Syftet är att bidra till en fördjupad kunskap om vad som i vardagliga situationer upplevs bidra till tillit i relationen mellan rektorer och lärare. Intervjuer med rektorer och lärare har gjorts som har analyserats med Løgstrups teoretiska ram som utgångspunkt. Resultatet pekar på att rektorers agerande i tillitsfulla situationer påverkas av deras hållning till en specifik situation och i sina relationer till lärare. Studien bidrar till en djupare förståelse av ett interaktivt ledarskap där tillit ges utrymme i relationerna mellan rektor och lärare.

This study focuses on principals’ leadership in the light of trust as a natural phenomenon. Trust has earlier been seen as a factor in management and organizations to create results. However, what leadership actions that principals and teachers perceive contribute to this trust has not been studied in a Swedish school context. The purpose is to contribute to a deepened knowledge of what in everyday situations that are perceived to contribute to trust between principals and teachers. Taking the theoretical framework from Løgstrup as a point of departure, interviews with six principals and fourteen teachers have been conducted. At first, the principals were interviewed about situations they perceived had trust in the relation with teachers. Secondly, teachers were interviewed about the same situation. The analyses point to that principals’ attitude affect the way they act. This attitude toward the other could be central on how principals create a space in their relations to teachers where trust can exist, use time to the other and interact in the situation. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of an interacting leadership that create a space for trust in the relations between principals and teachers., Rektorer i skolan leder en av samhällets viktigaste institutioner som ska skapa förutsättningar för att barn och elever kan lära och utvecklas så långt som möjligt. Intresset för tillit som en aspekt av att styra och leda skolan har ökat. Denna studie handlar om rektorers ledarskap utifrån ett mellanmänskligt perspektiv där tillit ses som ett naturligt fenomen. Syftet är att bidra till en fördjupad kunskap om vad som i vardagliga situationer upplevs bidra till tillit i relationen mellan rektorer och lärare. Intervjuer med rektorer och lärare har gjorts som har analyserats med Løgstrups teoretiska ram som utgångspunkt. Resultatet pekar på att rektorers agerande i tillitsfulla situationer påverkas av deras hållning till en specifik situation och i sina relationer till lärare. Studien bidrar till en djupare förståelse av ett interaktivt ledarskap där tillit ges utrymme i relationerna mellan rektor och lärare.