Search

Malaria disease is transmitted by the Anopheles sp vectors. The climate and environmental changes will in fact affect the life and bionomic vector of Anopheles sp. The Anopheles species in an area are strongly influenced by the availability of brood stocks. Such efforts to control malaria have to be in line with controlling the Anopheles population in that area. Information on the behaviors, bionomic characteristics, and habitat preferences of Anopheles species is thus needed. It is very important to select a control program according to the types of vectors to be controlled. This study aimed to examine the dominance of Anopheles species in malaria-endemic areas with currently pre-elimination status with the Etawa goats population. A field survey was necessarily conducted to catch mosquitoes during nighttime. Catching using human bait and livestock bait started from 06.00 pm to 04.00 am. Identification of species morphology used the WRBU guidelines. The catch results were dominated by Anopheles (63.64%), followed by Culex (27.27%) and Aedes (9.09%), respectively. The caught Anopheles consisted of An. maculatus (64.29%), An. subpictus (28.57%) and An. aconitus (7,14%) respectively. It was found that An. Maculatus type surprisingly still dominated the mosquito population in the malaria pre-elimination area in Purworejo. Thereby, it is important to develop such a malaria control method based on mosquito attack diversion because the dominant vector in this area is more zoophilic.

Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) like folligon is a gonadotropin hormon derived from blood sera in pregnant mare 30 till 140 days. The repeated use of eCG treatments for the induction of ovulation is generally followed can decrease in fertility. Bovine anti-eCG antibodies (Abs) as research result in Universitas Airlangga in 2019 can solve the problem of decrease in fertility in does. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of subjected to a short-term protocol for estrus induction using 50 mg of vaginal sponges' progesterone. The experimental animal used in this study comprised of 30 etawa Crossbred goats, with normal estrus cycle and 3 years old of age. The etawa crossbred goat are all healthy with a body score of at least three. 30 goats divided become 3 groups Group I as (T0) 10 goats are as controls Groups. (T0) was inserted sponge progesterone 50 mg of MPA and injected with PGF2α 7.5 mg in day 10 intramuscular (im) when T0 removal of the sponge were removed on day 11. Does on day 11 as T1 going on the removal of devices 24 h before removal inject 7.5 mg of PGF2α and 300 IU of eCG. T2 were injected in all the goats 7.5 mg of PGF2α, 300 IU of eCG at day 10 and 300 IU bovine anti eCG inject at day 11 when removal device on day 11. After 35 days, pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasound scanning. Short-term protocols using either an intravaginal device was similarly effective to estrus induction 100% p >0.05, and all goats from both groups had estrus manifestation within 30 h after device removal, duration of estrus 37 h and doing AI. In addition, no significant difference in pregnancy p >0.05 on 35 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to estimate the gestational age of Etawa crossbred goats based on ultrasound images of embryo and fetal using transcutaneous ultrasonography. Etawa crossbred does (n= 5) were synchronized using double PGF2α injection with 10 days interval and mated naturally. Early pregnancy was diagnosed on 20th day after mating base on isoechogenic image of the embryo (2.65±0.75 mm) and hypoechogenic appearance of gestational sac. On 30th day of the first trimester, the embryo size was 8.31±0.42 mm. The embryo reached 10.44±0.51 mm on 35th day. On 60th day, the existence of the fetal were clearly appeared along with isoechogenic of umbilical cord, hyperechogenic os cranium (25.5±0.1 mm), and body length (51.83±1.59 mm). On 75th day, the diameter of the os cranium was 33.03±0.20 mm, body length of 110±1.73 mm, and bones structures appeared hyperechogenic for os thoracalis and os vertebrae. The placenta was isoechogenoic with diameter of 23.3±0.2 mm. On 90th day, the placenta dominated the uterus (22.67±1.70 mm) and reached its maximum diameter on 145th day (33.73±2.91 mm). In conclusion, early pregnancy detection of Etawa crossbred goats using transcutaneous ultrasonography could be performed on 20th day after mating