120 results on '"estudio transcultural"'
Search Results
2. Rutinas, Conductas y Ansiedad en la Infancia durante la Pandemia por COVID-19: Un Estudio Transcultural.
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Meléndez-Pál, Beatrix, Felipe-Castaño, Elena, and Chivo Moreno, José Francisco
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ANXIETY in children , *CHILD behavior , *CROSS-cultural studies , *CHILD psychology , *CHILD welfare , *COVID-19 pandemic , *PATHOLOGICAL psychology , *ANXIETY - Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe and compare routines and behaviors in a sample of children from three countries during the mandatory quarantine of the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze their connections to anxiety. A total of 335 children aged 3 to 7 years from Spain, Argentina and the United States participated in the study. The instruments used were the Routine and Behavior Scale (RBS) and the Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS). Using network sampling through online questionnaires in Spanish and English, the results showed differences in routines and behaviors patterns in participants from countries under confinement, as well as higher anxiety scores. The negative repercussions of confinement may affect a child’s welfare. It is therefore necessary to carry out cross-cultural studies in order to enable the early detection of psychopathological symptoms and promote prevention and intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. Valores e identidades nacional y europea: un estudio transcultural
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Ros García, María, Rodríguez Monter, Miryam, Casado Lumbreras, Cristina, Ros García, María, Rodríguez Monter, Miryam, and Casado Lumbreras, Cristina
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In the present study, the importance and meaning of National and European Identities are studied. Within the framework of the theory of personal values (Schwartz, 2001), European youngsters of the Check and Slovak Republics, Germany and Spain answered a questionnaire with questions on the relative importance of their national and European identities plus an abbreviated form of the PVQ of 22 personal values. Face to face interviews to a sub-sample of 42 young Spaniards also explore the meaning of European identity. Results of the survey show that European youngsters share similar personal values: National and European identity as values are of a moderate importance within the set of personal values. Nevertheless, their national identity is more important than their European identity. We find that both identities are related to the bipolar dimensions of self-promotion and conservation from the theory of personal values. Both social identities have a similar meaning but receive different importance. Face to face interviews to a sub-sample show convergent results on the meaning of European identity., En el presente estudio, se han analizado la importancia y el significado de la identidad nacional y europea. Utilizando la teoría de los valores personales de Schwartz (2001), 2.418 jóvenes europeos de la República Checa, Eslovaquia, Alemania y España han respondido a un cuestionario que mide la importancia de sus identidades nacional y europea, y una forma abreviada del PVQ de 22 valores personales. Entrevistas personales a una sub-muestra de 42 jóvenes españoles también exploran el significado de su identidad europea. Los resultados muestran que los jóvenes comparten una importancia similar de valores personales: sus identidades nacional y europea ocupan una posición media en su jerarquía de valores personales, aunque se identifican en mayor medida con su identidad nacional. Ambas identidades se encuentran vinculadas a las dimensiones bipolares de auto-promoción y de conservación de la teoría de valores personales. Las dos identidades poseen significados similares aunque reciben distinto grado de importancia. Los resultados de las entrevistas sobre el significado de la identidad europea coinciden con el significado medido a través de la teoría de valores personales., Comisión Europea, Depto. de Antropología Social y Psicología Social, Fac. de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, TRUE, pub
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- 2024
4. Sexualización percibida en los estilismos de moda de niñas: Un análisis transcultural en España-China
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Díaz-Bustamante Ventisca, Mónica, Llovet Rodríguez, Carmen, Narros González, María José, Díaz-Bustamante Ventisca, Mónica, Llovet Rodríguez, Carmen, and Narros González, María José
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Numerosas instituciones, grupos sociales y políticos están alertando de los riesgos asociados a la temprana sexualización de la infancia. Estos agentes apelan a la responsabilidad de los medios para evitar la creación de contenidos que puedan derivar en sexualización infantil y que son fácilmente accesibles para todos los públicos. Respondiendo a esta llamada y con un enfoque transcultural España-China, este trabajo se centra en analizar la percepción de sexualización de las niñas en los estilismos de moda difundidos desde los medios. Se ha realizado una encuesta a 750 estudiantes universitarios de Comunicación y Publicidad en España (N=449) y en China (N=301). Se han identificado cinco factores de sexualización latentes que confirman que la sexualización percibida en los estilismos de moda de niñas es un fenómeno multidimensional que se produce por el uso combinado de múltiples atributos sexualizantes. Se ha corroborado que el país de origen (España o China) se asocia con la percepción de sexualización y de los factores latentes sexualizantes identificados. Finalmente, se ha obtenido un modelo explicativo y de elevada eficacia predictiva de la percepción de este tipo de sexualización infantil en términos de los factores y del país de origen. Se concluye que es necesario reforzar la formación de los profesionales de la comunicación y de los menores para evitar la creación de imágenes de niñas sexualizadas a través de determinados códigos estilísticos., Many institutions, social and political groups are warning of the risks associated with the early sexualization of childhood. These agents appeal to the responsibility of the media to avoid creating content that may lead to childhood sexualization and that is easily accessible to all audiences. Responding to this demand and through a cross-cultural Spain-China approach, this work focuses on the analysis of the perception of girls’ sexualization in the fashion stylings disseminated by the media. A survey of 750 Communication and Advertising university students in Spain (N=449) and in China (N=301) was carried out. Five latent sexualization factors identified confirm that perceived sexualization in girls’ fashion styling is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that occurs from the combined use of multiple sexualizing attributes. The country of origin (Spain or China) has been associated with the perception of sexualization and the identified latent sexualizing factors. Finally, an explanatory and highly effective predictive model has been obtained for this type of childhood sexualization in terms of the factors and country of origin. Conclusions suggest that it is necessary to reinforce the training of communication professionals and minors to avoid creating images of sexualized girls through certain styling codes., Depto. de Marketing, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub
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- 2024
5. Estudio transcultural Brasil-Perú sobre las motivaciones para la parentalidad y sus variables predictoras
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Giuliana Violeta Vasquez Varas and Juliane Callegaro Borsa
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motivación ,parentalidad ,estudio transcultural ,Brasil ,Perú ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio es investigar las diferencias en los niveles de motivaciones positivas para la parentalidad (MPP) entre brasileros y peruanos y determinar si la nacionalidad modera significativamente el efecto de seis variables sociodemográficas y dos variables individuales en estas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1373 peruanos y 1464 brasileros. Las edades de los participantes oscilaron entre 18 y 68 años (M = 29.68; DE = 6.29). Se realizaron análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo y de ecuaciones estructurales multigrupo. Los resultados evidencian que la muestra peruana presenta mayores niveles de MPP generales y específicas en comparación con la muestra brasileira. También se encontró que el efecto de la variable grado de instrucción sobre la MPP general no es moderada significativamente por la nacionalidad. Por otro lado, los efectos de las variables tener o no tener hijos, tener o no tener pareja, renta familiar, positividad y religiosidad son influenciadas por la población de la cual provienen. El principal aporte del estudio es presentar evidencias de que la influencia de variables contextuales y personales en las motivaciones para la parentalidad está supeditada al contexto en el cual el sujeto está incluido.
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- 2022
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6. Cross-cultural study Brazil-Peru of parenting motivations and its predictive variables.
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Vásquez Varas, Giuliana Violeta and Callegaro Borsa, Juliane
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GENDER differences (Sociology) ,CROSS-cultural studies ,ETHNOPSYCHOLOGY ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,INCOME - Published
- 2022
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7. Differences in psychological distress, resilience and cognitive emotional regulation strategies in adults during the Coronavirus pandemic: A cross-cultural study of Poland and Spain.
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Palomera, Raquel, González-Yubero, Sara, Mojsa-Kaja, Justyna, and Szklarczyk, Klaudia
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PSYCHOLOGICAL distress , *COGNITIVE ability , *COVID-19 pandemic , *PSYCHOLOGICAL well-being , *CROSS-cultural studies , *POLISH people - Abstract
Background. The objective of this cross-cultural study was to analyze the differences in resilience, cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS), as well as psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic between Poland and Spain. Method. An online survey was conducted on a sample of 1,182 adults. A MANOVA analysis was carried out to examine the differences in the studied variables between these countries. This was followed by MANCOVA analysis to control for gender and age. Linear regression analyses segmented by country were conducted in order to identify psychological distress prediction models. Results. Polish population was characterized by higher levels of anxiety, less resilience and more maladaptive CERS during the lockdown. Spanish population was more affected by stress but used more adaptable CERS and was more resilient. Age and female gender appeared as risk factors of psychological distress in Spain. The psychological distress prediction models were found to be different between both countries: adaptive CERS was predictive only in Spain, and resilience was predictive only in Poland. Conclusions. This study could guide in initiatives for the promotion of psychological well-being as a way to prevent psychopathological disorders during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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8. Quality of Life and Depressive Symptomatology in Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study Between the USA and Spain.
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Fernández-Jiménez, Eduardo, Panyavin, Ivan, Pérez-San-Gregorio, María Ángeles, and Schultheis, Maria T.
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QUALITY of life , *MENTAL depression , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *CLINICAL trials , *MULTIPLE sclerosis - Abstract
Background: For multinational clinical trials in multiple sclerosis (MS), identifying cross-country differences on quality of life (QoL) is important for understanding patients' response variability. No study has compared QoL between Spanish and American MS samples. This study aims to: 1) compare QoL and depressive symptomatology between Spanish and American patients, and against normative data; 2) compare the interrelationship between such constructs between countries; and 3) compare sociodemographic and clinical predictors on these outcomes. Method: 114 participants with MS were included and matched for gender, disability and education. The SF-36 Health Survey and BDI-FastScreen (BDI-FS) were the outcomes. ANCOVA, partial-correlations and multiple regression analyses were compared between countries. Results: Spaniards reported worse depressive symptomatology and QoL, and clinically significant impairment in all QoL dimensions, while Americans showed clinically significant impairment only in physical domains. Among Spaniards, more Bodily pain was more related to worse Social functioning and Vitality, and worse Vitality was more related to worse Social functioning than among Americans. From the regression models, Physical functioning predicted BDI-FS greater among Americans. Conversely, disability and Role-emotional predicted BDI-FS and Mental health, respectively, significantly stronger in Spain. Conclusions: Spaniards show worse QoL and depressive symptomatology and greater clinically significant impairment than the Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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9. Sexualización percibida en los estilismos de moda de niñas: Un análisis transcultural en España-China.
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Díaz-Bustamante-Ventisca, Mónica, Llovet-Rodríguez, Carmen, and Narros-González, María-José
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COUNTRY of origin (Immigrants) , *SOCIAL groups , *PREDICTION models , *MEDIA literacy , *MINORS , *TEENAGE girls - Abstract
Many institutions, social and political groups are warning of the risks associated with the early sexualization of childhood. These agents appeal to the responsibility of the media to avoid creating content that may lead to childhood sexualization and that is easily accessible to all audiences. Responding to this demand and through a cross-cultural Spain-China approach, this work focuses on the analysis of the perception of girls' sexualization in the fashion stylings disseminated by the media. A survey of 750 Communication and Advertising university students in Spain (N=449) and in China (N=301) was carried out. Five latent sexualization factors identified confirm that perceived sexualization in girls' fashion styling is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that occurs from the combined use of multiple sexualizing attributes. The country of origin (Spain or China) has been associated with the perception of sexualization and the identified latent sexualizing factors. Finally, an explanatory and highly effective predictive model has been obtained for this type of childhood sexualization in terms of the factors and country of origin. Conclusions suggest that it is necessary to reinforce the training of communication professionals and minors to avoid creating images of sexualized girls through certain styling codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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10. Describing researchers' ways of seeing a lesson: As the first work of the cross-cultural study on lesson study between Japan and Thailand.
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Tatsuya Mizoguchi, Inprasitha, Maitree, Changsri, Narumon, and Yusuke Shinno
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MULTICULTURAL education , *DIVERSITY in education , *EDUCATIONAL anthropology , *PRAXIS (Process) , *MATHEMATICS education - Abstract
This research is the first work of the project of cross-cultural study on lesson study between Japan and Thailand. Lesson study is currently an international topic, and we use "lesson study" as a common word. However, are the meanings of each terminology in diverse languages as same completely? Our initial concern is in this point. For this, we observe lesson on video and make comment-reports on it in each. In analyzing these comments, it is required a meta theory for descriptions. In this research, we describe the researchers ways of seeing a lesson using the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic [ATD or TAD in French and Spanish]. In conclusion, we discuss similarities and discrepancies between researchers' comments of both countries in terms of a) praxis and logos blocks, b) mathematical and didactic organization, and c) the perspective of scale of levels of didactic co-determinacy [LDC]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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11. Adapting the Scale to Measure Care Ability of Family Caregivers of People with Chronic Diseases in Brazil.
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Maia Damasceno, Vanessa Almeida, Silvana Zazzetta, Marisa, and de Souza Orlandi, Fabiana
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CAREGIVERS , *CHRONIC diseases , *MEDICAL personnel , *CHRONIC kidney failure , *ABILITY - Abstract
Objective: To translate and culturally adapt the Scale to Measure the Care Ability of Family Caregivers of People with Chronic Diseases to the Brazilian context. Materials and Methods: This is a methodological study that followed the steps recommended by Dorcas Beaton for translating and culturally adapting this scale in Brazil. All ethical precepts have been respected. Results: The first translation of the instrument into Brazilian Portuguese was done by two translators; the consensual version was then established, which was backtranslated into Spanish by another independent translator. The committee of specialists comprised seven health professionals, obtaining a content validity index (CVI) = 1.00 in 41 items, CVI = 0.86 in three items and CVI = 0.71 in four items. After adjusting the seven items, a pretest was applied to 14 family caregivers of people with chronic kidney disease. Based on this, the participants' difficulties were observed, and then the items were reviewed. Conclusions: After the translation and adaptation process was completed, the Brazilian version of the instrument entitled "Scale to Measure the Care Ability of Family Caregivers of People with Chronic Diseases" was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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12. Estudio transcultural de los diferentes componentes de la insatisfacción corporal en muestras comunitarias de España y Chile.
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Varela, Carmen, Oda-Montecinos, Camila, and Saldaña, Carmina
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Introduction: Background: the study of body dissatisfaction has been focused on their perceptual and cognitive-behavioral components, being the affective component the least analyzed, both in Spain and Chile. Until now, it has been observed more presence of body dissatisfaction in overweight women. This fact has been related with the thinness beauty ideal established by society. Objective: to compare the different components of body dissatisfaction (perceptual, cognitive-behavioral and affective) in adults in a community sample of both sexes of Spain and Chile. Method: the sample consisted of 390 participants and has been divided in two samples by country (n = 179 Chileans; n = 211 Spanish). At the same time, these groups were divided in two groups by body mass index (BMI) and also by sex. The different components of body dissatisfaction were evaluated using specific questionnaires for each of them. Results and conclusion: both in Spain and in Chile, people with overweight show more dissatisfaction in the perceptual and affective areas, especially women. However, cognitive-behavioral component is the only one where differences between countries were found, showing overweight Spanish women more dissatisfaction. These results verify a higher presence of body dissatisfaction in women with overweight (t = 4.14, p < 0.001, d = 0.72, IC = 0.22-1.12), related to the greater pressure on appearance in the female population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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13. Modelos relacionales y conflicto trabajo-familia: un estudio con muestras de Brasil y los Estados Unidos de América
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Alexsandro Luiz de Andrade, Manoela Ziebell de Oliveira, Cari M.M.H. Knowles, Haroldo de Carvalho Bonifácio Neto, and Elaine Hatfield
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conflicto trabajo-familia ,teoría del apego ,estudio transcultural ,estilos de apego ,cuestionario breve de apego ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
La teoría del apego busca entender cómo los lazos emocionales pueden afectar diferentes aspectos de la vida de las personas a través del continuo de la vida. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender cómo los patrones de estilos de apego ansiosos y evasivos explican las dimensiones de conflictos trabajo-familia: interferencia de trabajo con la familia (ITF) e interferencia familiar con el trabajo (IFT). Para lograr esto, los datos fueron recolectados a través de dos cuestionarios con muestras de Brasil y de los Estados Unidos de América. La muestra incluyó a 676 personas mayores de 18 años, 369 de Brasil y 307 de EUA. Los resultados demostraron que el estilo de ansioso se relaciona y predice ambas dimensiones del conflicto trabajo-familia. Por su parte, el estilo evitativo fue predictivo solo para participantes de los EUA. Estos resultados acentúan la importancia de la investigación de los estilos de apego y sus interacciones con las demandas de trabajo y familia.
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- 2018
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14. Relational models and work-family conflict a study with samples from Brazil and the United States of America.
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de Andrade, Alexsandro Luiz, de Oliveira, Manoela Ziebell, Knowles, Cari M. M. H., de Carvalho Bonifácio Neto, Haroldo, and Hatfield, Elaine
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- 2018
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15. Cyberbullying and problematic Internet use in Colombia, Uruguay and Spain: Cross-cultural study.
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Yudes-Gómez, Carolina, Baridon-Chauvie, Daniela, and González-Cabrera, Joaquín-Manuel
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CYBERBULLYING , *VICTIMS of bullying , *INTERNET users , *ADOLESCENT psychology , *DIGITAL media - Abstract
The goal of this cross-cultural study was to analyze and compare the cybervictimization and cyberaggression scores, and the problematic Internet use between Spain, Colombia and Uruguay. Despite cultural similarities between the Spanish and the South American contexts, there are few empirical studies that have comparatively examined this issue. The study sample consisted of 2,653 subjects aged 10-18 years. Data was collected through the cyberbullying questionnaire and the Spanish version of the "Revised generalized and problematic Internet use scale". Results showed a higher prevalence of minor cyberbullying behavior in Spain between 10-14 years. In the three countries compared, there was a higher prevalence of two types of bystanders: the defender of the victim and the outsider, although in Colombia there were more profiles of assistant to the bully. Regarding the problematic use of the Internet, there were not differences between the three countries. We provide evidence on the relationship between cybervictimization and cyberaggression and problematic use of the Internet. The dimensions of compulsive use and regulation of mood are the best predictors of cyberbullying. We discuss our results in relation to the possible normalization of violence and its lack of recognition as such. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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16. Impacto emocional y resiliencia en adolescentes de España y Ecuador durante la COVID-19: estudio transcultural
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Valero Moreno, Selene, Lacomba Trejo, Laura, Coello, María F., Herrera Puente, Juan S., Chocho Orellana, Ángela Ximena, Samper García, Paula, Pérez Marín, Marián, Montoya Castilla, Inmaculada, Valero Moreno, Selene, Lacomba Trejo, Laura, Coello, María F., Herrera Puente, Juan S., Chocho Orellana, Ángela Ximena, Samper García, Paula, Pérez Marín, Marián, and Montoya Castilla, Inmaculada
- Abstract
Emotional impact and resilience in adolescents in Spain and Ecuador during COVID-19: A cross-cultural study. The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting the emotional health of adolescents. Factors such as resilience can buffer this important impact on their well-being. Our aim was to study the association between anxious-depressive symptomatology and resilience in adolescents from Spain and Mexico, and to compare the differences between the two samples. A total of 476 adolescents (70.10 % female) aged 9-18 years (M = 15.62; SD = 1.22), equally distributed between the two countries, participated in the study. They were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and the Resilience Scale. We conducted descriptive analyses, independent samples t-tests, effect size calculation and Pearson correlations. The results showed that the profile of adaptive adjustment to the pandemic was: being a male, not having experienced a stressful life event, not having previous physical or psychological health problems and residing in Spain. While the risk profile for the pandemic was: being a female, having a stressful life event, having some type of previous physical and psychological health problem, and residing in Ecuador. Our data point to the importance of detecting the specific needs of adolescents according to their socio-economic and cultural context in order to implement interventions to protect their mental health during the pandemic., La pandemia de la COVID-19 está impactando en la salud emocional de los adolescentes. Factores como la resiliencia pueden amortiguar este importante impacto sobre su bienestar. Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar la asociación entre la sintomatología ansioso-depresiva y la resiliencia en adolescentes de España y Ecuador, y comparar las diferencias existentes entre ambas muestras. Participaron 476 adolescentes (70,10 % mujeres) entre 9 y 18 años (M = 15,62; DT = 1,22), distribuidos por igual entre ambos países. Se evaluaron mediante la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés y la Escala de Resiliencia. Realizamos análisis descriptivos, pruebas t para muestras independientes, cálculo del tamaño del efecto y correlaciones de Pearson. Los resultados evidenciaron que el perfil de ajuste adaptativo ante la pandemia fue: ser chico, no haber presentado un evento vital estresante, no tener problemas de salud física ni psicológica previos y residir en España. Mientras que el perfil de riesgo ante la pandemia fue: ser chica, presentar un evento vital estresante, tener algún tipo de problema de salud física y psicológica previo y residir en Ecuador. Nuestros datos señalan la importancia de detectar las necesidades específicas de los adolescentes en función de su contexto socioeconómico y cultural, para poder poner en marcha intervenciones destinadas a proteger su salud mental durante la pandemia.
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- 2022
17. Congruencia de la Estructura Factorial del Cuestionario de Personalidad IPIP-R en Población Latinoamericana
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Cupani, Marcos, Lorenzo Seva, Urbano, Azpilicueta, Ana Estefanía, Garrido, Sebastián Jesús, Ghío, Fernanda Belén, Moran, Valeria Estefanía, Bruzzone, Manuel, Cupani, Marcos, Lorenzo Seva, Urbano, Azpilicueta, Ana Estefanía, Garrido, Sebastián Jesús, Ghío, Fernanda Belén, Moran, Valeria Estefanía, and Bruzzone, Manuel
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- 2022
18. Estudio transcultural Brasil-Perú sobre las motivaciones para la parentalidad y sus variables predictoras
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Violeta Vásquez Varas, Giuliana, Callegaro Borsa, Juliane, Violeta Vásquez Varas, Giuliana, and Callegaro Borsa, Juliane
- Abstract
This study aims to investigate the differences in levels of positive parenting motivations (PPM) between Brazilians and Peruvians and to determine whether nationality significantly moderates the effect of six socio-demographic variables and two individual variableson PPM. The sample was composed of 1,373 Peruvians and 1,464 Brazilians. Participants' ages ranged from 18 to 68 years (M= 29.68; SD= 6.29). Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis and multi-group structural equation analysis were performed. The results showed that the Peruvian sample had higher levels of general and specific PPM compared to the Brazilian sample. It was also found that the effect of the education variable on general PPM is not significantly moderated by nationality. On the other hand, the effects of the variables having or not having children, having or not having a partner, family income, positivity, and religiosity are influenced by the population they come from. The main contribution ofthe study is to present evidence that the influence of contextual and personal variables on motivations for parenting is conditioned to the context in which the subject is inserted., O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar as diferenças nos níveis de motivações parentais positivas (MPP) entre brasileiros e peruanos e determinar se a nacionalidade modera significativamente o efeito de seis variáveis sociodemográficas e duas variáveis individuaissobre o PPM. A amostra foi composta por 1.373 peruanos e 1.464 brasileiros. A idade dos participantes variou de 18 a 68 anos (M= 29,68; DP= 6,29). Análise fatorial confirmatória multigrupo e análise de equações estruturais multigrupo foram realizadas. Os resultados mostraram que a amostra peruana apresentou níveis mais elevados de MPP geral e específico em relação à amostra brasileira. Verificou-se também que o efeito do variável grau de escolaridade nas MPP geral não é significativamente moderado pela nacionalidade. Por outro lado, os efeitos das variáveis ter ou não ter filhos, ter ou não ter parceiro, renda familiar, positividade e religiosidade são influenciados pela população de onde provêm. A principal contribuição do estudo é apresentar evidências de que a influência de variáveis contextuais e pessoais nas motivações para a parentalidade está condicionada ao contexto em que o sujeito está inserido., El objetivo de este estudio es investigar las diferencias en los niveles de motivaciones positivas para la parentalidad (MPP) entre brasileros y peruanos y determinar si la nacionalidad modera significativamente el efecto de seis variables socio de mográficas y dos variables individuales en estas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1373 peruanos y 1464 brasileros. Las edades de los participantes oscilaron entre 18 y 68 años (M=29.68; DE= 6.29). Se realizaron análisis factorial confirmatorio multi grupo y de ecuaciones estructurales multi grupo. Los resultados evidencian que la muestra peruana presenta mayores niveles de MPP generales y específicas en comparación conla muestra brasileira. También se encontró que el efecto de la variable grado de instrucción sobre la MPP general no es moderada significativamente por la nacionalidad. Por otro lado, los efectos de las variables tener o no tener hijos, tener o no tener pareja, renta familiar, positividad y religiosidad son influenciadas por la población de la cual provienen. El principal aporte del estudio es presentar evidencias de que la influencia de variables contextuales y personales en las motivaciones para la parentalidad está supeditada al contexto en el cual el sujeto está incluido.
- Published
- 2022
19. Values perceived by adolescents and identification television characters
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Concepción Medrano Samaniego and Juan Ignacio Martínez de Morentin de Goñi
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adolescencia ,televisión ,estudio transcultural ,personajes favoritos ,empatía ,valores percibidos ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between 1238 adolescents from a cross-cultural sample encompassing eight different contexts and their favorite television characters, in accordance with the following aspects: identification or degree of empathy and values perceived in them. Our work was based on the idea that the study of identification and values perception in favorite characters would provide us with important information for understanding the effects of the medium on adolescents. The three variables were then analyzed in order to identify any possible relationship which may exist between them. Two measurement instruments were used: the CHTV.02 and the Val. TV 02. The results revealed statistically significant (although moderate) differences in the sample group as a whole. In conclusion, it can be said that the majority of adolescents tend to favor characters who embody prosocial values.
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- 2014
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20. Estudio transcultural con la prueba de Bender: Sistema de puntuación gradual (Cross-Cultural Study with Bender Test- Gradual Scoring System)
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Fabián Javier Marín Rueda, Acácia Aparecida Angeli dos Santos, Ana Paula Porto Noronha, and José Livia Segovia
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Estudio transcultural ,evaluación psicológica ,test psicológicos ,Cross-Cultural study ,psychological assessment ,psychological test ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
RESUMEN: El objetivo del presente estudio es comparar el desempeño en la Prueba Gestáltica Visomotriz de Bender - Sistema de Puntuación Gradual (B-SPG) en un grupo de niños peruanos en función a los datos ofrecidos por el manual brasilero de la prueba. Participaron 82 niños, de ambos sexos, con edades entre los 8 y 10 años (M = 9.21, DT = 0.83). Los niños provenían de los distritos de Pueblo Libre (43.9%) y Rímac (51.2%), de la provincia de Lima, así como también de Lima Metropolitana (4.9%). El B-SPG fue aplicado de forma colectiva. Los promedios de puntos obtenidos por los niños peruanos en el B-SPG fueron significativamente superiores a los obtenidos por los niños brasileros en cada una de las edades estudiadas. Se destaca la importancia de investigar evidencias de validez y de confiabilidad para que la prueba pueda ser usada de forma adecuada en el Perú, considerando las particularidades de desarrollo de los niños del país. ABSTRACT: The objective of the study is to compare performance on the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt test - system of Gradual punctuation (B-SPG) in a group of Peruvian children in connection with the data provided by the Brazilian manual of the test. In this research 82 Peruvian children were involved, both sexes, with ages between 8 and 10 years (M = 9.21, DT = 0.83). The hildren came from the districts of Pueblo Libre (43.9%) and Rimac (51.2%) in the province of Lima, as well as from metropolitan Lima (4.9%). The B-SPG was collectively applied in the children’s schools. The average points earned by the Peruvian children in the B-SPG were significantly higher than those obtained by Brazilian children in each one of the ages studied. It emphasizes the importance of investigating evidence of validity and reliability, so that, the test can be used appropriately in Peru, considering the peculiarities of the development of children in the country.
- Published
- 2013
21. Diferencias en distrés psicológico, resiliencia y estrategias de regulación cognitiva de las emociones en adultos durante la pandemia del coronavirus: un estudio transcultural de Polonia y España
- Author
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Palomera Martín, Raquel, González Yubero, Sara, Mojsa-Kaja, Justyna, Szklarczyk-Smolana, Klaudia, and Universidad de Cantabria
- Subjects
cognitive emotional regulation ,depresión ,Anxiety ,Stress ,Cognitive emotional regulation ,stress ,Ansiedad ,Depresión ,Cross-cultural study ,Estudio transcultural ,resilience ,Resilencia ,Estrés ,eesiliencia ,estudio transcultural ,Resilience ,estrés ,Depression ,regulación emocional cognitiva ,COVID-19 ,ansiedad ,anxiety ,depression ,cross-cultural study ,Regulación emocional cognitiva - Abstract
Background. The objective of this cross-cultural study was to analyze the differences in resilience, cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS), as well as psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic between Poland and Spain. Method. An online survey was conducted on a sample of 1,182 adults. A MANOVA analysis was carried out to examine the differences in the studied variables between these countries. This was followed by MANCOVA analysis to control for gender and age. Linear regression analyses segmented by country were conducted in order to identify psychological distress prediction models. Results. Polish population was characterized by higher levels of anxiety, less resilience and more maladap-tive CERS during the lockdown. Spanish population was more affected by stress but used more adaptable CERS and was more resilient. Age and female gender appeared as risk factors of psychological distress in Spain. The psychological distress prediction models were found to be different between both countries: adaptive CERS was predictive only in Spain, and resilience was predictive only in Poland. Conclusions. This study could guide in initiatives for the promotion of psychological well-being as a way to prevent psychopathological disorders during the pandemic. Antecedentes. El objetivo de este estudio transcultural fue analizar las diferencias en resiliencia, estrategias de regulación cognitiva de las emociones (CERS) y distress psicológico durante la pandemia del COVID-19 en Polonia y España. Método. Se realizó una encuestaonline en una muestra de 1,182 adultos. Se llevó a cabo un análisis MANOVA para examinar las diferencias en las variables estudiadas entre estos países. Esto fue seguido de un análisis MANCOVA controlando el sexo y la edad. Se realizaron análisis de regresión lineal segmentados por país con el fin de identificar modelos predictivos de distrés psicológico. Resultados.La población polaca se caracterizó por niveles más altos de ansiedad, menos resiliencia y más uso de CERS desadaptativas durante el confinamiento. La población española sufrió más estrés pero utilizó CERS adaptativas y fue más resiliente. La edad y el sexo femenino aparecieron como factores de riesgo de males-tar psicológico en España. Se encontró que los modelos de predicción de distrés psicológico fueron diferentes en ambos países: las CERS adaptativas fueron predictivas en España y la resiliencia fue predictiva en Polonia. Conclusiones. Este estudio podría guiar en iniciativas para la promoción del bienestar psicológico como vía para prevenir trastornos psicopatológicos du-rante la pandemia.
- Published
- 2022
22. Differences in psychological distress, resilience and cognitive emotional regulation strategies in adults during the Coronavirus pandemic: a cross-cultural study of Poland and Spain
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Raquel Palomera, Sara González-Yubero, Justyna Mojsa-Kaja, and Klaudia Szklarczyk-Smolana
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Resilience ,Depression ,COVID-19 ,Anxiety ,Stress ,Cognitive emotional regulation ,Ansiedad ,Depresión ,1 - Filosofía y psicología::159.9 - Psicología [CDU] ,Resiliencia ,Cross-cultural study ,Estudio transcultural ,Regulación emocional cognitiva ,General Psychology - Abstract
Background. The objective of this cross-cultural study was to analyze the differences in resilience, cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS), as well as psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic between Poland and Spain. Method. An online survey was conducted on a sample of 1,182 adults. A MANOVA analysis was carried out to examine the differences in the studied variables between these countries. This was followed by MANCOVA analysis to control for gender and age. Linear regression analyses segmented by country were conducted in order to identify psychological distress prediction models. Results. Polish population was characterized by higher levels of anxiety, less resilience and more maladaptive CERS during the lockdown. Spanish population was more affected by stress but used more adaptable CERS and was more resilient. Age and female gender appeared as risk factors of psychological distress in Spain. The psychological distress prediction models were found to be different between both countries: adaptive CERS was predictive only in Spain, and resilience was predictive only in Poland. Conclusions. This study could guide in initiatives for the promotion of psychological well-being as a way to prevent psychopathological disorders during the pandemic. Antecedentes. El objetivo de este estudio transcultural fue analizar las diferencias en resiliencia, estrategias de regulación cognitiva de las emociones (CERS) y distress psicológico durante la pandemia del COVID-19 en Polonia y España. Método. Se realizó una encuesta online en una muestra de 1,182 adultos. Se llevó a cabo un análisis MANOVA para examinar las diferencias en las variables estudiadas entre estos países. Esto fue seguido de un análisis MANCOVA controlando el sexo y la edad. Se realizaron análisis de regresión lineal segmentados por país con el fin de identificar modelos predictivos de distrés psicológico. Resultados. La población polaca se caracterizó por niveles más altos de ansiedad, menos resiliencia y más uso de CERS desadaptativas durante el confinamiento. La población española sufrió más estrés pero utilizó CERS adaptativas y fue más resiliente. La edad y el sexo femenino aparecieron como factores de riesgo de malestar psicológico en España. Se encontró que los modelos de predicción de distrés psicológico fueron diferentes en ambos países: las CERS adaptativas fueron predictivas en España y la resiliencia fue predictiva en Polonia. Conclusiones. Este estudio podría guiar en iniciativas para la promoción del bienestar psicológico como vía para prevenir trastornos psicopatológicos durante la pandemia.
- Published
- 2022
23. The cultural filtering and translator’s strategies: Study of The Tragic Sense of Life’s Chinese translation based on the Variation Theory
- Author
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HUITING CHEN
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Cultural filtering ,Spanish-Chinese translation ,Literature and Literary Theory ,Teoría de Variación ,The Variation Theory ,The Tragic Sense of Life ,Del Sentimiento Trágico de la Vida ,Cross-cultural study ,Estudio transcultural ,Filtro cultural ,Language and Linguistics ,Traducción español-chino - Abstract
Las variaciones en la traducción son resultado de las medidas que ha adoptado el traductor, las cuales, revelan la historia, el medio sociopolítico y la propia cultura del país receptor. (Álvarez y Vidal, 1996, p. 5) Con este trabajo se pretende revisar las versiones chinas de Del Sentimiento Trágico de la Vida basado en el mecanismo de los filtros culturales de la Teoría de Variación. Tras la introducción y el fundamento teórico, se organiza el análisis a tres niveles: el contexto social, la traducción lingüística y la cultura tradicional, con el objetivo de indagar qué variaciones ha sufrido la traducción china de Del Sentimiento Trágico de la Vida, las posibles razones, así como las estrategias del traductor. The variations in the translation are the result of the measures adopted by the translator, which reveal the history, the socio-political environment and the culture of the host country. (Álvarez and Vidal, 1996, p.5) This paper studies the Chinese versions of The Tragic Sense of Life on the basis of the mechanism of the cultural filters of the Variation Theory. After the introduction and the theoretical framework, the analysis is organized at three levels: the social context, the linguistic translation and the traditional culture,in order to investigate what variations have suffered the Chinese translation of The Tragic Sense of Life, the possible reasons as well as the strategies of the translator.
- Published
- 2022
24. Consequências mal adaptativas de invasões mentais com conteúdos relacionados a transtornos obsessivos, dismórficos, hipocondríacos e alimentares: diferenças transculturais
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David A. Clark, M. Angeles Ruiz, Héctor Fernández-Álvarez, Marta Ghisi, Belén Pascual-Vera, Amparo Belloch, Claudio Sica, Giti Shams, Burcin Akin, Guy Doron, Mujgan Inozu, Beatriz Gómez, Richard Moulding, Gioia Bottesi, and Antonia Jiménez-Ros
- Subjects
Cross-cultural study ,Cross-sectional study ,Eating disorders ,Illness anxiety ,Obsessive-Compulsive spectrum disorders ,Unwanted mental intrusions ,Unwanted mental ,Intrusions ,Illness anxiety disorder ,Obsessive-Compulsive ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Cross-cultural ,Estudio transcultural ,Trastornos del espectro obsesivo-compulsivo ,Perspective (graphical) ,Social environment ,medicine.disease ,Estudio transversal ,Clinical Psychology ,Ansiedad por enfermedad ,Trastornos alimentarios ,Spectrum disorders ,Body dysmorphic disorder ,Intrusiones mentales no deseadas ,Original Article ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Unwanted mental intrusions (UMIs) with contents related to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD), and Eating Disorders (EDs) are highly prevalent, independently of the cultural and/or social context. Cognitive-behavioral explanations for these disorders postulates that the escalation from common UMIs to clinically relevant symptoms depends on the maladaptive consequences (i.e., emotions, appraisals, and control strategies) of experiencing UMIs. This study examines, from a cross-cultural perspective, the cognitive-behavioral postulates of the maladaptive consequences of having UMIs.Non-clinical 1,473 participants from Europe, the Middle-East, and South America completed the Questionnaire of Unpleasant Intrusive Thoughts to assess the maladaptive consequences of experiencing highly disturbing OCD, BDD, IAD, and EDs-related UMIs.Findings revealed main effects for both the country and the consequences associated with the four UMI contents. Interaction effects between the consequences of each UMI content and the sample location were also observed.Cognitive-Behavioral models for OCD, BDD, IAD, and EDs should be implemented along with socio-cultural variables that increase the understanding of the role of these variables in the phenomenology of UMIs and their associated consequences.Las intrusiones mentales no deseadas (IM) de contenidos relacionados con el Trastorno Obsesivo-Compulsivo (TOC), el Trastorno Dismórfico Corporal (TDC), la Ansiedad por la Enfermedad (AE), y los Trastornos Alimentarios (TAs) son muy prevalentes, independientemente de la cultura y/o el contexto social. Las explicaciones cognitivo-conductuales de esos trastornos postulan que la escalada de IM normales a síntomas clínicamente relevantes depende de las consecuencias desadaptativas (i.e., emociones, valoraciones y estrategias de control) de las IM. Este estudio examina los planteamientos sobre dichas consecuencias desde una perspectiva transcultural.1.473 participantes de Europa, Oriente Medio y Suramérica completaron el Inventario de Pensamientos Intrusos Desagradables para evaluar las consecuencias desadaptativas de experimentar IM muy molestas con contenidos de TOC, TDC, AE y TAs.Se obtuvieron efectos principales tanto para el país como para las consecuencias asociadas con los cuatro contenidos de IM, así como efectos de interacción entre las consecuencias de cada modalidad de IM y la localización de la muestra.Los modelos cognitivo-conductuales sobre el TOC, el TDC, la AE y los TAs deben complementarse con variables socioculturales que aumenten la comprensión del papel de esas variables en la fenomenología de las IM y sus consecuencias asociadas.
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- 2021
25. Cross-cultural examination of the five-factor model of drinking motives in Spanish and Canadian undergraduates.
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MEZQUITA, LAURA, STEWART, SHERRY H., KUNTSCHE, EMMANUEL, and GRANT, VALERIE V.
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DRUGS of abuse ,CROSS-cultural studies ,UNDERGRADUATES ,CANADIAN students ,STUDENT attitudes ,STUDENTS ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) - Abstract
Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
26. Implicaciones de la edad y el país de pertenencia en la relación entre apoyo emocional percibido y depresión: un estudio transcultural.
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Riquelme, Antonio, Martín Carbonell, Marta, Ortigosa Quiles, Juan-Manuel, Meda Lara, Rosa-Martha, Díaz, Raquel Pérez, and López Navas, Ana I.
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- *
MENTAL depression , *AGE , *CROSS-cultural studies , *SOCIOCULTURAL factors , *SATISFACTION , *SELF-evaluation , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
The purpose of this study has been to analyze the implications that the age and the cultural factors associated with the nationality, to submit to the relationship between social support and depression. With this goal, has interviewed a total sample of 1503 persons of adult age (young people, adults and elderly) belonging to Spain, Cuba and Mexico. For the evaluation of the depression, has been used the questionnaire CES-D, while for the assessment of emotional support perceived and satisfaction with the same we applied a formal model of self-evaluation report prepared by us which gathers the perception of availability of emotional support from various sources (partner, family members, friends, colleagues, neighbors) and their satisfaction with the same. The results obtained indicate that the relationship obtained between emotional support according to different sources and values in depressive symptomatology is subject to changes depending on the cultural influences associated to the country of origin of those interviewed, and his age, as well as the interaction between both variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Psychometric properties and dimensionality of the "Flourishing Scale" in Spanish-speaking population.
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Pozo-Muñoz, Carmen, Garzón-Umerenkova, Angélica, Bretones-Nieto, Blanca, and Ligia-Charry, Claudia
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SPANISH-speaking students ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,COLLEGE students ,RASCH models ,ACADEMIC motivation - Abstract
Copyright of Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology is the property of Editorial of the University of Almeria (Spain) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Revising and Validating Achievement Emotions Questionnaire - Teachers (AEQ-T).
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Ji Hong, Youyan Nie, Heddy, Benjamin, Gumiko Monobe, Jiening Ruan, Sula You, and Hitomi Kambara
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EMOTIONS ,ANXIETY - Abstract
Copyright of International Journal of Educational Psychology is the property of International Journal of Educational Psychology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Quality of Life and Depressive Symptomatology in Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study Between the USA and Spain
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Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos, Fernández Jiménez, Eduardo, Panyavin, Ivan, Pérez San Gregorio, María de los Ángeles, Schultheis, Maria T., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos, Fernández Jiménez, Eduardo, Panyavin, Ivan, Pérez San Gregorio, María de los Ángeles, and Schultheis, Maria T.
- Abstract
Antecedentes: en los ensayos clínicos multinacionales en esclerosis múltiple (EM) es fundamental identificar diferencias entre países en calidad de vida (CV) para comprender la variabilidad de respuesta entre pacientes. Ningún estudio comparó la CV en EM entre España y EE. UU. Los objetivos de este estudio son: 1) comparar la CV y sintomatología depresiva entre pacientes españoles y estadounidenses, frente a datos normativos; 2) comparar la interrelación de tales constructos entre países; y 3) comparar predictores sociodemográficos y clínicos. Método: 114 participantes con EM fueron emparejados por género, discapacidad y educación. SF-36 y BDIFastScreen (BDI-FS) fueron las variables criterio. ANCOVA, correlaciones parciales y análisis de regresión múltiple fueron comparados entre países. Resultados: los españoles muestran peor sintomatología depresiva, CV y deterioro clínicamente significativo en todas las dimensiones, mientras que los estadounidenses presentan deterioro clínicamente significativo en dominios físicos. En España, más Dolor corporal se asoció con peor Funcionamiento social y Vitalidad; y peor Vitalidad se relacionó con peor Funcionamiento social. Además, Funcionamiento físico predijo BDI-FS mucho más entre los estadounidenses; pero en España, la discapacidad y Rol emocional predijeron mucho más BDI-FS y Salud mental, respectivamente. Conclusiones: los españoles muestran peor CV y sintomatología depresiva con mayor deterioro clínicamente significativo., Background: For multinational clinical trials in multiple sclerosis (MS), identifying cross-country differences on quality of life (QoL) is important for understanding patients’ response variability. No study has compared QoL between Spanish and American MS samples. This study aims to: 1) compare QoL and depressive symptomatology between Spanish and American patients, and against normative data; 2) compare the interrelationship between such constructs between countries; and 3) compare sociodemographic and clinical predictors on these outcomes. Method: 114 participants with MS were included and matched for gender, disability and education. The SF-36 Health Survey and BDI-FastScreen (BDI-FS) were the outcomes. ANCOVA, partial-correlations and multiple regression analyses were compared between countries. Results: Spaniards reported worse depressive symptomatology and QoL, and clinically significant impairment in all QoL dimensions, while Americans showed clinically significant impairment only in physical domains. Among Spaniards, more Bodily pain was more related to worse Social functioning and Vitality, and worse Vitality was more related to worse Social functioning than among Americans. From the regression models, Physical functioning predicted BDI-FS greater among Americans. Conversely, disability and Role-emotional predicted BDI-FS and Mental health, respectively, significantly stronger in Spain. Conclusions: Spaniards show worse QoL and depressive symptomatology and greater clinically significant impairment than the Americans.
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- 2021
30. Los docentes frente a las demandas de las familias: aproximando contextos
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Adriana Wagner, María del Luján González Tornaría, Lisiane Alvim Saraiva Junges, and Esthella Hernandéz
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Preservice teachers ,lcsh:LC8-6691 ,lcsh:Special aspects of education ,Formación docente ,Family school relationship ,Relação família-escola ,Demandas familiares ,Formação docente ,Estudo transcultural ,Relación escuela-familia ,Cross Cultural Studies ,Estudio transcultural ,lcsh:L ,lcsh:Education - Abstract
The role of Teachers has been transformed in recent years due to the increasingly complex educational demands and responsibilities that come from the students’ families. The aim of the present study was to investigate how Elementary School Teachers in Brazil and Uruguay perceive and evaluate the demands they receive from families, and how prepared they think they are to face this reality. A qualitative, exploratory and transcultural method was used, based on the technique of Focal Groups, with one group being conducted in Brazil (10 participants) and another one in Uruguay (9 participants). In both groups, participants were women, with experience in public and private schools. Data were treated using the Content Analysis technique and results pointed out two main themes: Academic Formation and Family Demands. The analysis showed several similarities in the relationship between family and school in daily practice - both in Brazil and Uruguay -, especially regarding the Teacher’s role. It was observed that Teachers still face some challenges in setting out their roles for themselves and their families. Teachers have also shown they have insufficient resources to work with the diversity of family demands and it is possible to think that they would benefit from spaces of reflection and sensitivity development, in order to better discriminate these demands. Thus, it may be said that it is necessary to inaugurate a deep discussion about what it means to form Teachers to work with families. O papel dos professores tem se transformado nos últimos anos devido às demandas e responsabilidades educacionais, cada vez mais complexas, que derivam das famílias de seus alunos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar como os professores de ensino fundamental do Brasil e Uruguai percebem e avaliam as demandas que recebem das famílias e o quão preparados se sentem para enfrentar essa realidade. Foi utilizado método qualitativo, exploratório e transcultural, a partir da técnica do Grupo Focal, sendo conduzido um grupo no Brasil (10 participantes) e um no Uruguai (9 participantes). Em ambos os grupos, os participantes foram mulheres, com experiência nas redes pública e privada. Os dados foram tratados a partir da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo e os resultados apontaram dois temas principais: Formação Acadêmica e Demandas das Famílias. A análise evidenciou inúmeras semelhanças na relação que a família e a escola estabelecem na prática diária - tanto no Brasil quanto no Uruguai - especialmente no que diz respeito ao papel docente. Observou-se a dificuldade dos professores em delimitar seu papel para si e para as famílias. Os professores também se mostraram com poucos recursos para trabalhar com a diversidade de demandas familiares e é possível pensar que eles se beneficiariam de espaços de reflexão e desenvolvimento de sensibilidade para poder discriminar essas demandas. Assim, pode-se dizer que é necessário inaugurar uma discussão profunda sobre o que significa formar os professores para o trabalho com as famílias. El papel de los docentes se ha transformado en los últimos años debido a las exigencias y responsabilidades educativas cada vez más complejas que derivan de las familias de sus alumnos. El objetivo de este estudio consistió en investigar cómo docentes de educación primaria de Brasil y Uruguay perciben y evalúan las demandas que reciben de las familias y cuán preparados se sienten para enfrentar esa realidad. El diseño fue cualitativo, exploratorio y transcultural, utilizando la técnica de Grupo Focal, siendo uno brasileño (10 participantes) y uno uruguayo (9 participantes). En ambos grupos los participantes fueron mujeres, con experiencia tanto en la red pública como privada. Los datos fueron tratados con Análisis de Contenido y los resultados apuntaron a dos grandes temas: Formación Académica y Demandas de las Familias. El análisis permite comprobar innumerables semejanzas en la relación que familia y escuela establecen en la práctica cotidiana tanto en Brasil como en el Uruguay, sobre todo en lo que se refiere al rol docente. Se observa la dificultad que las docentes expresaron en cuanto a delimitar su papel frente a si mismas y frente a las familias. También las docentes se mostraron con pocos recursos para trabajar con la diversidad de las demandas familiares y es posible pensar que se beneficiarían de espacios de reflexión y desarrollo de la sensibilidad para poder discriminar tales demandas. Así, se puede decir que se necesita abrir una discusión profunda sobre lo que significa formar a los docentes para el trabajo con las familias.
- Published
- 2019
31. PERFILES DE CONSUMO TELEVISIVO: UN ESTUDIO TRANSCULTURAL.
- Author
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Medrano, Concepción, Martínez de Morentín, Juan Ignacio, and Apodaca, Pedro
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TELEVISION & young adults ,TELEVISION -- Influence of ,TELEVISION & education ,REALISM on television ,TELEVISION & reading ,TELEVISION in education ,DRUGS on television - Abstract
Copyright of Educación XX1 is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Sexualización percibida en los estilismos de moda de niñas: Un análisis transcultural en España-China
- Author
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Díaz-Bustamante Ventisca, Mónica, Llovet Rodríguez, Carmen, Narros González, María José, Díaz-Bustamante Ventisca, Mónica, Llovet Rodríguez, Carmen, and Narros González, María José
- Abstract
Many institutions, social and political groups are warning of the risks associated with the early sexualization of childhood. These agents appeal to the responsibility of the media to avoid creating content that may lead to childhood sexualization and that is easily accessible to all audiences. Responding to this demand and through a cross-cultural Spain-China approach, this work focuses on the analysis of the perception of girls’ sexualization in the fashion stylings disseminated by the media. A survey of 750 Communication and Advertising university students in Spain (N=449) and in China (N=301) was carried out. Five latent sexualization factors identified confirm that perceived sexualization in girls’ fashion styling is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that occurs from the combined use of multiple sexualizing attributes. The country of origin (Spain or China) has been associated with the perception of sexualization and the identified latent sexualizing factors. Finally, an explanatory and highly effective predictive model has been obtained for this type of childhood sexualization in terms of the factors and country of origin. Conclusions suggest that it is necessary to reinforce the training of communication professionals and minors to avoid creating images of sexualized girls through certain styling codes., Numerosas instituciones, grupos sociales y políticos están alertando de los riesgos asociados a la temprana sexualización de la infancia. Estos agentes apelan a la responsabilidad de los medios para evitar la creación de contenidos que puedan derivar en sexualización infantil y que son fácilmente accesibles para todos los públicos. Respondiendo a esta llamada y con un enfoque transcultural España-China, este trabajo se centra en analizar la percepción de sexualización de las niñas en los estilismos de moda difundidos desde los medios. Se ha realizado una encuesta a 750 estudiantes universitarios de Comunicación y Publicidad en España (N=449) y en China (N=301). Se han identificado cinco factores de sexualización latentes que confirman que la sexualización percibida en los estilismos de moda de niñas es un fenómeno multidimensional que se produce por el uso combinado de múltiples atributos sexualizantes. Se ha corroborado que el país de origen (España o China) se asocia con la percepción de sexualización y de los factores latentes sexualizantes identificados. Finalmente, se ha obtenido un modelo explicativo y de elevada eficacia predictiva de la percepción de este tipo de sexualización infantil en términos de los factores y del país de origen. Se concluye que es necesario reforzar la formación de los profesionales de la comunicación y de los menores para evitar la creación de imágenes de niñas sexualizadas a través de determinados códigos estilísticos.
- Published
- 2020
33. Representación social de la noción de felicidad en estudiantes y profesionales de educación y salud de Chile e Italia.
- Author
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RODRÍGUEZ ARANEDA CORREO, MARIA JOSÉ
- Subjects
- *
HAPPINESS , *STUDENT attitudes , *PROFESSIONAL employees , *COLLECTIVE representation , *CROSS-cultural studies , *WELL-being , *SOCIALIZATION , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) - Abstract
Happiness is a symbolic polysemic construction, with multiple- philosophical roots, which brings sense to the good and desirable for human life. In social sciences and psychology it is approached from multiple concepts, and accordingly their results orient public policy. One emic approach is proposed, through a cross-cultural study of its social representation on samples of students and professionals from health and educational areas of Chile and Italy, which are socializing agents on well-being and quality of life. The research included two qualitative studies, the first using an open-ended questionnaire to 164 participants and the second conducting eight focus groups with 65 subjects. Inductive content analysis was used to generate categories and socio-semantic dimensions. A common nucleus to both countries was found, for the notion, components and three types of happiness. It was concluded that the meanings of happiness influence the experiences, interpretations, trials of life and the vital project orientation of individuals. These results were problematized in light of global studies of happiness and the treatment of the construct in the social scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Quality of Life and Depressive Symptomatology in Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study Between the USA and Spain
- Author
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Fernández Jiménez, Eduardo, Panyavin, Ivan, Pérez San Gregorio, María de los Ángeles, Schultheis, Maria T., and Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos
- Subjects
esclerosis múltiple ,estudio transcultural ,quality of life ,Spain ,EE. UU ,calidad de vida ,España ,depression ,depresión ,cross-cultural study ,multiple sclerosis ,USA - Abstract
Antecedentes: en los ensayos clínicos multinacionales en esclerosis múltiple (EM) es fundamental identificar diferencias entre países en calidad de vida (CV) para comprender la variabilidad de respuesta entre pacientes. Ningún estudio comparó la CV en EM entre España y EE. UU. Los objetivos de este estudio son: 1) comparar la CV y sintomatología depresiva entre pacientes españoles y estadounidenses, frente a datos normativos; 2) comparar la interrelación de tales constructos entre países; y 3) comparar predictores sociodemográficos y clínicos. Método: 114 participantes con EM fueron emparejados por género, discapacidad y educación. SF-36 y BDIFastScreen (BDI-FS) fueron las variables criterio. ANCOVA, correlaciones parciales y análisis de regresión múltiple fueron comparados entre países. Resultados: los españoles muestran peor sintomatología depresiva, CV y deterioro clínicamente significativo en todas las dimensiones, mientras que los estadounidenses presentan deterioro clínicamente significativo en dominios físicos. En España, más Dolor corporal se asoció con peor Funcionamiento social y Vitalidad; y peor Vitalidad se relacionó con peor Funcionamiento social. Además, Funcionamiento físico predijo BDI-FS mucho más entre los estadounidenses; pero en España, la discapacidad y Rol emocional predijeron mucho más BDI-FS y Salud mental, respectivamente. Conclusiones: los españoles muestran peor CV y sintomatología depresiva con mayor deterioro clínicamente significativo. Background: For multinational clinical trials in multiple sclerosis (MS), identifying cross-country differences on quality of life (QoL) is important for understanding patients’ response variability. No study has compared QoL between Spanish and American MS samples. This study aims to: 1) compare QoL and depressive symptomatology between Spanish and American patients, and against normative data; 2) compare the interrelationship between such constructs between countries; and 3) compare sociodemographic and clinical predictors on these outcomes. Method: 114 participants with MS were included and matched for gender, disability and education. The SF-36 Health Survey and BDI-FastScreen (BDI-FS) were the outcomes. ANCOVA, partial-correlations and multiple regression analyses were compared between countries. Results: Spaniards reported worse depressive symptomatology and QoL, and clinically significant impairment in all QoL dimensions, while Americans showed clinically significant impairment only in physical domains. Among Spaniards, more Bodily pain was more related to worse Social functioning and Vitality, and worse Vitality was more related to worse Social functioning than among Americans. From the regression models, Physical functioning predicted BDI-FS greater among Americans. Conversely, disability and Role-emotional predicted BDI-FS and Mental health, respectively, significantly stronger in Spain. Conclusions: Spaniards show worse QoL and depressive symptomatology and greater clinically significant impairment than the Americans.
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- 2021
35. Calidad de vida y sintomatología depresiva en esclerosis múltiple: un estudio transversal entre EE.UU. y España
- Author
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Fernández Jiménez, Eduardo, Panyavin, Ivan, Pérez San Gregorio, María de los Ángeles, Schultheis, Maria T., and Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos
- Subjects
esclerosis múltiple ,estudio transcultural ,quality of life ,Spain ,EE. UU ,calidad de vida ,España ,depression ,depresión ,cross-cultural study ,multiple sclerosis ,USA - Abstract
Antecedentes: en los ensayos clínicos multinacionales en esclerosis múltiple (EM) es fundamental identificar diferencias entre países en calidad de vida (CV) para comprender la variabilidad de respuesta entre pacientes. Ningún estudio comparó la CV en EM entre España y EE. UU. Los objetivos de este estudio son: 1) comparar la CV y sintomatología depresiva entre pacientes españoles y estadounidenses, frente a datos normativos; 2) comparar la interrelación de tales constructos entre países; y 3) comparar predictores sociodemográficos y clínicos. Método: 114 participantes con EM fueron emparejados por género, discapacidad y educación. SF-36 y BDIFastScreen (BDI-FS) fueron las variables criterio. ANCOVA, correlaciones parciales y análisis de regresión múltiple fueron comparados entre países. Resultados: los españoles muestran peor sintomatología depresiva, CV y deterioro clínicamente significativo en todas las dimensiones, mientras que los estadounidenses presentan deterioro clínicamente significativo en dominios físicos. En España, más Dolor corporal se asoció con peor Funcionamiento social y Vitalidad; y peor Vitalidad se relacionó con peor Funcionamiento social. Además, Funcionamiento físico predijo BDI-FS mucho más entre los estadounidenses; pero en España, la discapacidad y Rol emocional predijeron mucho más BDI-FS y Salud mental, respectivamente. Conclusiones: los españoles muestran peor CV y sintomatología depresiva con mayor deterioro clínicamente significativo. Background: For multinational clinical trials in multiple sclerosis (MS), identifying cross-country differences on quality of life (QoL) is important for understanding patients’ response variability. No study has compared QoL between Spanish and American MS samples. This study aims to: 1) compare QoL and depressive symptomatology between Spanish and American patients, and against normative data; 2) compare the interrelationship between such constructs between countries; and 3) compare sociodemographic and clinical predictors on these outcomes. Method: 114 participants with MS were included and matched for gender, disability and education. The SF-36 Health Survey and BDI-FastScreen (BDI-FS) were the outcomes. ANCOVA, partial-correlations and multiple regression analyses were compared between countries. Results: Spaniards reported worse depressive symptomatology and QoL, and clinically significant impairment in all QoL dimensions, while Americans showed clinically significant impairment only in physical domains. Among Spaniards, more Bodily pain was more related to worse Social functioning and Vitality, and worse Vitality was more related to worse Social functioning than among Americans. From the regression models, Physical functioning predicted BDI-FS greater among Americans. Conversely, disability and Role-emotional predicted BDI-FS and Mental health, respectively, significantly stronger in Spain. Conclusions: Spaniards show worse QoL and depressive symptomatology and greater clinically significant impairment than the Americans.
- Published
- 2021
36. Estudio transcultural de los diferentes componentes de la insatisfacción corporal en muestras comunitarias de España y Chile
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Varela, Carmen, Oda-Montecinos, Camila, and Saldaña, Carmina
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Insatisfacción corporal ,Spain ,Body dissatisfaction ,España ,Cross-cultural study ,Chile ,Índice de masa corporal ,Estudio transcultural ,Body mass index - Abstract
Resumen Introducción: el estudio de la insatisfacción corporal se ha centrado sobre todo en sus componentes perceptual y cognitivo-conductual, habiendo sido menos analizado el componente afectivo, tanto en España como en Chile. Hasta el momento, se ha observado mayor presencia de insatisfacción corporal en la población femenina y con sobrepeso. Esto se ha relacionado en gran parte con la mujer delgada y definida como ideal de belleza. Objetivo: comparar los diferentes componentes de la insatisfacción corporal (perceptual, cognitivo-conductual y afectivo) en la edad adulta en una muestra comunitaria de ambos sexos de España y de Chile. Método: se utilizó una muestra de 390 participantes, la cual se dividió en dos muestras según el país (n = 179 chilenos; n = 211 españoles). A su vez, los grupos por países se dividieron en dos grupos en función del índice de masa corporal (IMC) y también en función del sexo. Se evaluaron los diferentes componentes de la insatisfacción corporal mediante cuestionarios específicos para cada uno de ellos. Resultados y conclusión: tanto en España como en Chile, las personas con sobrepeso muestran mayor insatisfacción en las áreas perceptual y afectiva, especialmente las mujeres. Sin embargo, el componente cognitivo-conductual es el único en el que se hallaron diferencias entre países, mostrándose las mujeres con sobrepeso españolas más insatisfechas (t = 4,14, p < 0,001, d = 0,72, IC = 0,22-1,12). Estos resultados constatan la mayor presencia de insatisfacción corporal en mujeres con sobrepeso, asociada a la mayor presión sobre la apariencia en la población femenina. Abstract Background: the study of body dissatisfaction has been focused on their perceptual and cognitive-behavioral components, being the affective component the least analyzed, both in Spain and Chile. Until now, it has been observed more presence of body dissatisfaction in overweight women. This fact has been related with the thinness beauty ideal established by society. Objective: to compare the different components of body dissatisfaction (perceptual, cognitive-behavioral and affective) in adults in a community sample of both sexes of Spain and Chile. Method: the sample consisted of 390 participants and has been divided in two samples by country (n = 179 Chileans; n = 211 Spanish). At the same time, these groups were divided in two groups by body mass index (BMI) and also by sex. The different components of body dissatisfaction were evaluated using specific questionnaires for each of them. Results and conclusion: both in Spain and in Chile, people with overweight show more dissatisfaction in the perceptual and affective areas, especially women. However, cognitive-behavioral component is the only one where differences between countries were found, showing overweight Spanish women more dissatisfaction. These results verify a higher presence of body dissatisfaction in women with overweight (t = 4.14, p < 0.001, d = 0.72, IC = 0.22-1.12), related to the greater pressure on appearance in the female population.
- Published
- 2020
37. Sexualización percibida en los estilismos de moda de niñas: Un análisis transcultural en España-China
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Carmen Llovet-Rodríguez, María-José Narros-González, and Mónica Díaz-Bustamante-Ventisca
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Cultural Studies ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Combined use ,Appeal ,050801 communication & media studies ,050109 social psychology ,Publicidad ,Education ,Politics ,0508 media and communications ,Phenomenon ,Perception ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,China ,Estudio transcultural ,media_common ,Communication ,05 social sciences ,Convergencia de medios ,Gender studies ,Sexualización ,Country of origin ,Sexualization ,Alfabetización mediática ,Sexismo ,Infancia ,Psychology ,Moda - Abstract
Numerosas instituciones, grupos sociales y políticos están alertando de los riesgos asociados a la temprana sexualización de la infancia. Estos agentes apelan a la responsabilidad de los medios para evitar la creación de contenidos que puedan derivar en sexualización infantil y que son fácilmente accesibles para todos los públicos. Respondiendo a esta llamada y con un enfoque transcultural España-China, este trabajo se centra en analizar la percepción de sexualización de las niñas en los estilismos de moda difundidos desde los medios. Se ha realizado una encuesta a 750 estudiantes universitarios de Comunicación y Publicidad en España (N=449) y en China (N=301). Se han identificado cinco factores de sexualización latentes que confirman que la sexualización percibida en los estilismos de moda de niñas es un fenómeno multidimensional que se produce por el uso combinado de múltiples atributos sexualizantes. Se ha corroborado que el país de origen (España o China) se asocia con la percepción de sexualización y de los factores latentes sexualizantes identificados. Finalmente, se ha obtenido un modelo explicativo y de elevada eficacia predictiva de la percepción de este tipo de sexualización infantil en términos de los factores y del país de origen. Se concluye que es necesario reforzar la formación de los profesionales de la comunicación y de los menores para evitar la creación de imágenes de niñas sexualizadas a través de determinados códigos estilísticos, Many institutions, social and political groups are warning of the risks associated with the early sexualization of childhood. These agents appeal to the responsibility of the media to avoid creating content that may lead to childhood sexualization and that is easily accessible to all audiences. Responding to this demand and through a cross-cultural Spain-China approach, this work focuses on the analysis of the perception of girls’ sexualization in the fashion stylings disseminated by the media. A survey of 750 Communication and Advertising university students in Spain (N=449) and in China (N=301) was carried out. Five latent sexualization factors identified confirm that perceived sexualization in girls’ fashion styling is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that occurs from the combined use of multiple sexualizing attributes. The country of origin (Spain or China) has been associated with the perception of sexualization and the identified latent sexualizing factors. Finally, an explanatory and highly effective predictive model has been obtained for this type of childhood sexualization in terms of the factors and country of origin. Conclusions suggest that it is necessary to reinforce the training of communication professionals and minors to avoid creating images of sexualized girls through certain styling codes
- Published
- 2020
38. Relationship between empathy and gratitude as predictors of prosociality in children, and adolescents in Argentina and Colombia: a transcultural study
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Tezón, Mariana Inés, Mesurado, María Belén, Garay Quevedo, Orlando, and Corporación Universitaria Iberoamericana
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Prosocialidad ,Gratitud ,Estudio transcultural ,Niños ,Adolescentes ,Empatía - Abstract
65 p. La presente investigación tiene como fin estudiar la relación entre la empatía y la gratitud como predictores de los comportamientos prosociales en niños, niñas y adolescentes argentinos y colombianos.
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- 2019
39. Adapting the Scale to Measure Care Ability of Family Caregivers of People with Chronic Diseases in Brazil
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Vanessa Almeida Maia Damasceno, Fabiana de Souza Orlandi, and Marisa Silvana Zazzetta
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Translation ,caregivers ,Traducción ,ability ,aptitude ,aptidão ,habilidad ,RT1-120 ,Social Sciences ,Context (language use) ,Persona ,Nursing ,determinación de necesidades de cuidados de salud ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,evaluación de necesidades ,Tradução ,Brazilian Portuguese ,needs assessment ,Content validity ,030212 general & internal medicine ,enfermería transcultural ,General Nursing ,estudio transcultural ,030504 nursing ,Health professionals ,Family caregivers ,cross-cultural nursing ,cuidadores ,Brasil ,enfermagem transcultural ,habilidade ,determinação de necessidades de cuidados de saúde ,language.human_language ,avaliação de necessidades ,Scale (social sciences) ,language ,cross-cultural study ,assessment of health care needs ,aptitud ,Methodological study ,estudo transcultural ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Brazil - Abstract
Objective: To translate and culturally adapt the Scale to Measure the Care Ability of Family Caregivers of People with Chronic Diseases to the Brazilian context. Materials and Methods: This is a methodological study that followed the steps recommended by Dorcas Beaton for translating and culturally adapting this scale in Brazil. All ethical precepts have been respected. Results: The first translation of the instrument into Brazilian Portuguese was done by two translators; the consensual version was then established, which was back-translated into Spanish by another independent translator. The committee of specialists comprised seven health professionals, obtaining a content validity index (CVI) = 1.00 in 41 items, CVI = 0.86 in three items and CVI = 0.71 in four items. After adjusting the seven items, a pretest was applied to 14 family caregivers of people with chronic kidney disease. Based on this, the participants’ difficulties were observed, and then the items were reviewed. Conclusions: After the translation and adaptation process was completed, the Brazilian version of the instrument entitled “Scale to Measure the Care Ability of Family Caregivers of People with Chronic Diseases” was obtained. RESUMEN Objetivo: traducir y adaptar culturalmente la Escala para Medir la Habilidad de Cuidado de Cuidadores Familiares de Personas con Enfermedad Crónica para el contexto brasileño. Materiales y método: se trata de un estudio metodológico que siguió las etapas preconizadas por Dorcas Beaton para traducción y adaptación cultural de la referida escala en Brasil. Todos los principios éticos se respetaron. Resultados: la traducción inicial del instrumento para el portugués se realizó por dos traductores; luego, se estableció la versión consensual, la que se retrotradujo al español por otro traductor independiente. El comité de expertos contó con siete profesionales del área de la salud, obteniéndose Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC) = 1,00 en 41 ítems, IVC = 0,86 en tres ítems y IVC = 0,71 en cuatro ítems. Tras la adecuación de los siete ítems, se aplicó la preprueba con 14 cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica; de ahí, se logró encontrar las dificultades de los participantes y, así, revisar los ítems. Conclusiones: terminado el proceso de traducción y adaptación, se obtuvo la versión brasileña del instrumento titulada “Escala para Medir a Habilidade de Cuidado de Cuidadores Familiares de Pessoas com Doença Crônica”. RESUMO Objetivo: traduzir e adaptar culturalmente a Escala para Medir la Habilidad de Cuidado de Cuidadores Familiares de Personas con Enfermedad Crónica para o contexto brasileiro. Materiais e método: trata-se de um estudo metodológico que seguiu as etapas preconizadas por Dorcas Beaton para tradução e adaptação cultural da referida escala no Brasil. Todos os preceitos éticos foram respeitados. Resultados: a tradução inicial do instrumento para o português brasileiro realizou-se por dois tradutores; em seguida, estabeleceu-se a versão consensual, a qual se retrotraduziu para o espanhol por outro tradutor independente. O comitê de especialistas contou com sete profissionais da área da saúde, obtendo-se índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC) = 1,00 em 41 itens, IVC = 0,86 em três itens e IVC = 0,71 em quatro itens. Após a adequação dos sete itens, aplicou-se o pré-teste com 14 cuidadores familiares de pessoas com doença renal crônica; a partir disso, foi possível verificar as dificuldades dos participantes e, assim, rever os itens. Conclusões: finalizado o processo de tradução e adaptação, obtém-se a versão brasileira do instrumento intitulada de “Escala para Medir a Habilidade de Cuidado de Cuidadores Familiares de Pessoas com Doença Crônica”.
- Published
- 2019
40. Ciberacoso y uso problemático de Internet en Colombia, Uruguay y España: Un estudio transcultural
- Author
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Yudes-Gómez, Carolina, Baridon-Chauvie, Daniela, and González-Cabrera, Joaquín (1)
- Subjects
cibervictimización ,Adolescents ,ciberagresión ,Ciberagresión ,Cyberbullying ,uso compulsivo ,lcsh:Education (General) ,lcsh:Communication. Mass media ,Ciberacoso ,Internet use ,Scopus ,Cross-cultural study ,Estudio transcultural ,Adolescentes ,Uso de Internet ,estudio transcultural ,Cyberaggression ,Compulsive use ,Cibervictimización ,Uso compulsivo ,adolescentes ,Ciberobservador ,lcsh:P87-96 ,JCR ,Cybervictimization ,Cyberbystander ,ciberobservador ,lcsh:L ,lcsh:L7-991 ,Ciberacoso, cibervictimización, ciberagresión, ciberobservador, uso de Internet, adolescentes, estudio trans-cultural, uso compulsivo ,uso de Internet ,lcsh:Education - Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio transcultural ha sido analizar y comparar las puntuaciones de cibervictimización y ciberagresión, y el uso problemático de Internet en adolescentes de España, Colombia y Uruguay, ya que pese a las semejanzas culturales existentes entre el contexto latinoamericano y español son escasos los estudios empíricos que los han comparado previamente. La muestra estuvo formada por 2.653 participantes de 10 a 18 años. Se recogieron datos a través del cuestionario de ciberacoso y de la versión en castellano del «Revised generalized and problematic Internet use scale». Los resultados ponen de manifiesto una mayor prevalencia de conductas de ciberacoso leve en España entre los 10-14 años. En los tres países, destacan dos roles de ciberobservador: defensor de la víctima y no comprometido ante la agresión, aunque con más perfiles de apoyo al agresor en Colombia. No se observan diferencias en un uso problemático de Internet entre los tres países. Se proporcionan evidencias sobre la relación de la cibervictimización y ciberagresión con el uso problemático de Internet. Las dimensiones de uso compulsivo y regulación del estado anímico son las que mejor predicen el ciberacoso. Los resultados son discutidos con relación a la posible normalización de la violencia y su falta de reconocimiento como tal The goal of this cross-cultural study was to analyze and compare the cybervictimization and cyberaggression scores, and the problematic Internet use between Spain, Colombia and Uruguay. Despite cultural similarities between the Spanish and the South American contexts, there are few empirical studies that have comparatively examined this issue. The study sample consisted of 2,653 subjects aged 10-18 years. Data was collected through the cyberbullying questionnaire and the Spanish version of the “Revised generalized and problematic Internet use scale”. Results showed a higher prevalence of minor cyberbullying behavior in Spain between 10-14 years. In the three countries compared, there was a higher prevalence of two types of bystanders: the defender of the victim and the outsider, although in Colombia there were more profiles of assistant to the bully. Regarding the problematic use of the Internet, there were not differences between the three countries. We provide evidence on the relationship between cybervictimization and cyberaggression and problematic use of the Internet. The dimensions of compulsive use and regulation of mood are the best predictors of cyberbullying. We discuss our results in relation to the possible normalization of violence and its lack of recognition as such
- Published
- 2018
41. Felicidad, cultura y valores personales: estado de la cuestión y síntesis meta-analítica
- Author
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María de los Ángeles Bilbao, Elza Techio, and Darío Páez
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Meta-análisis ,Valores ,Bienestar subjetivo ,Estudio transcultural ,Meta-analysis ,Values ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Este estudio presenta un meta-análisis sobre la relación entre los valores de Schwartz y el bienestar subjetivo en distintos contextos culturales, con estudiantes, sus familiares e inmigrantes en España. Los resultados confirman una asociación significativa entre los valores y el bienestar. Auto trascendencia y apertura al cambio, y con menor intensidad, conservación, se asocian positivamente con mayor bienestar. Auto trascendencia se asocia con felicidad y satisfacción de forma positiva no homogénea, siendo los inmigrantes quienes presentan medias más bajas. Apertura al cambio se asocia con felicidad, siendo más fuerte la asociación en inmigrantes que en estudiantes. Los valores conservacionistas se asocian homogéneamente. Un segundo estudio sobre criterios de salud psicosocial y bienestar subjetivo -analizando un país sudamericano colectivista y jerárquico como Brasil, y otro europeo más individualista e igualitario como España- confirma que los valores conservacionistas, así como los de apertura al cambio y auto trascendencia, son deseables y favorecen el bienestar.
- Published
- 2007
42. ESTUDIO TRANSCULTURAL CON LA PRUEBA DE BENDER - SISTEMA DE PUNTUACIÓN GRADUAL.
- Author
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Javier Marin Rueda, Fabián, Aparecida Angeli dos Santos, Acácia, Paula Porto Noronha, Ana, and Livia Segovia, José
- Subjects
- *
BENDER-Gestalt Test , *CHILD psychology research , *CHILD development research , *NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests for children , *PERUVIANS - Abstract
The objective of the study is to compare performance on the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt test - System of Gradual Punctuation (B-SPG) in a group of Peruvian children in connection with the data provided by the Brazilian manual of the test. In this research 82 Peruvian children were involved, both sexes, with ages between 8 and 10 years (M = 9.21, DT = 0.83). The children came from the districts of Pueblo Libre (43.9%) and Rimac (51.2%) in the province of Lima, as well as from metropolitan Lima (4.9%). The B-SPG was collectively applied in the children's schools. The average points earned by the Peruvian children in the B-SPG were significantly higherthan those obtained by Brazilian children in each one of the ages studied. It emphasizes the importance of investigating evidence of validity and reliability, so that, the test can be used appropriately in Peru, considering the peculiarities of the development of children in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
43. Adaptação da escala para medir a habilidade de cuidado de cuidadores familiares de pessoas com doença crônica no Brasil
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Damasceno, Vanessa Almeida Maia, Zazzetta, Marisa Silvana, Orlandi, Fabiana Souza, Damasceno, Vanessa Almeida Maia, Zazzetta, Marisa Silvana, and Orlandi, Fabiana Souza
- Abstract
Objective: To translate and culturally adapt the Scale to Measure the Care Ability of Family Caregivers of People with Chronic Diseases to the Brazilian context. Materials and Methods: This is a methodological study that followed the steps recommended by Dorcas Beaton for translating and culturally adapting this scale in Brazil. All ethical precepts have been respected. Results: The first translation of the instrument into Brazilian Portuguese was done by two translators; the consensual version was then established, which was back-translated into Spanish by another independent translator. The committee of specialists comprised seven health professionals, obtaining a content validity index (CVI) = 1.00 in 41 items, CVI = 0.86 in three items and CVI = 0.71 in four items. After adjusting the seven items, a pretest was applied to 14 family caregivers of people with chronic kidney disease. Based on this, the participants’ difficulties were observed, and then the items were reviewed. Conclusions: After the translation and adaptation process was completed, the Brazilian version of the instrument entitled “Scale to Measure the Care Ability of Family Caregivers of People with Chronic Diseases” was obtained., Objetivo: traduzir e adaptar culturalmente a Escala para Medir la Habilidad de Cuidado de Cuidadores Familiares de Personas con Enfermedad Crónica para o contexto brasileiro. Materiais e método: trata-se de um estudo metodológico que seguiu as etapas preconizadas por Dorcas Beaton para tradução e adaptação cultural da referida escala no Brasil. Todos os preceitos éticos foram respeitados. Resultados: a tradução inicial do instrumento para o português brasileiro realizou-se por dois tradutores; em seguida, estabeleceu-se a versão consensual, a qual se retrotraduziu para o espanhol por outro tradutor independente. O comitê de especialistas contou com sete profissionais da área da saúde, obtendo-se índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC) = 1,00 em 41 itens, IVC = 0,86 em três itens e IVC = 0,71 em quatro itens. Após a adequação dos sete itens, aplicou-se o pré-teste com 14 cuidadores familiares de pessoas com doença renal crônica; a partir disso, foi possível verificar as dificuldades dos participantes e, assim, rever os itens. Conclusões: finalizado o processo de tradução e adaptação, obtém-se a versão brasileira do instrumento intitulada de “Escala para Medir a Habilidade de Cuidado de Cuidadores Familiares de Pessoas com Doença Crônica”., Objetivo: traducir y adaptar culturalmente la Escala para Medir la Habilidad de Cuidado de Cuidadores Familiares de Personas con Enfermedad Crónica para el contexto brasileño. Materiales y método: se trata de un estudio metodológico que siguió las etapas preconizadas por Dorcas Beaton para traducción y adaptación cultural de la referida escala en Brasil. Todos los principios éticos se respetaron. Resultados: la traducción inicial del instrumento para el portugués se realizó por dos traductores; luego, se estableció la versión consensual, la que se retrotradujo al español por otro traductor independiente. El comité de expertos contó con siete profesionales del área de la salud, obteniéndose índice de Validez de contenido (IVC) = 1,00 en 41 ítems, IVC = 0,86 en tres ítems y IVC = 0,71 en cuatro ítems. Tras la adecuación de los siete ítems, se aplicó la preprueba con 14 cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica; de ahí, se logró encontrar las dificultades de los participantes y, así, revisar los ítems. Conclusiones: terminado el proceso de traducción y adaptación, se obtuvo la versión brasileña del instrumento titulada “Escala para Medir a Habilidade de Cuidado de Cuidadores Familiares de Pessoas com Doença Crônica”.
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- 2019
44. Valores percibidos en el medio televisivo por adolescentes en contextos transculturales.
- Author
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Medrano, C., Aierbe, A., and Martínez-de-Morentin, J. I.
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TEENAGERS , *TELEVISION characters , *TELEVISION , *SOCIALIZATION , *EDUCATION - Abstract
This study was carried out on a sample group of 1,238 adolescents from eight different cultural contexts, and aimed to determine the values perceived by subjects in their favorite television characters. It also aimed to identify any possible differences between cultural contexts. The basic hypothesis for the study was that television conveys values and constitutes one of the forces for socialization at play during adolescence. The total sample group was made up by: three Spanish sub-groups, four Latin American sub-groups and one Irish sub-group. The instrument used for exploring perceived values was the Val.Tv 0.2, which is an adaptation of Schwartz's scale. The data were collected both by means of an on-line platform and in person. In relation to the results, in general, the values most commonly perceived by adolescents are self-management and benevolence. As regards contextual differences, although significant differences were observed in all values, in no case were they particularly notable. The only exceptions were hedonism and achievement, for which no significant differences were found at all between the different contexts. The most relevant differences were found in the values of conformity, tradition, benevolence and universalism. From an educational perspective, we can conclude that the measurement instrument used may constitute an adequate tool for decoding the values perceived by adolescents in their favorite television characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
45. A cross-cultural study on the usage of cooperative learning techniques in graduate level education in five different countries.
- Author
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Bulut, Sefa
- Subjects
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GROUP work in education , *GRADUATE education , *CROSS-cultural studies , *CULTURE , *INSTRUCTIONAL systems design , *GRADUATE students , *ANALYSIS of variance , *FACTOR analysis , *EDUCATION - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine graduate students' experiences of cooperative learning in higher education in five ethnically, culturally and geographically different countries. This research was an attempt to understand how a culturally distinct instruction and academic environments influence their learning processes and implications for better instructional designs. Graduate students from Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Korea, Turkey, United States, Colombia, Denmark, Lithuania and Syria are surveyed and analysis of variance and factor analysis techniques are used in statistical analysis. Results revealed that culture did not have effect on learning preferences. Graduate students made conscious choices whether to be involved or not in cooperative learning in their educational environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
46. El sentido del mundo y el significado del yo: Inventario de Cogniciones Postraumáticas (ICPT) en población hispana.
- Author
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Blanco, Amalio, Díaz, Darío, Gaborit, Mauricio, and Amaris, María del Carmen
- Subjects
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POST-traumatic stress disorder , *SOCIAL perception , *PSYCHOMETRICS , *CONFIRMATORY factor analysis , *CROSS-cultural studies , *VICTIMS of terrorism , *TERRORISM , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
The main purpose of the present article was to analyze in Hispanic population the psychometric properties of Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI), a measure of trauma-related thoughts and beliefs developed by Edna B. Foa. The inventory was administered to 132 participants of general population of Spain, 363 participants of El Salvador, and 47 direct victims of 11-M terrorist attacks in Spain. The PTCI factorial structure was analyzed using Parallel Analyses of Horn and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results showed three factors that explained 51% of variance: Negative Cognitions About Self (35%), Negative Cognitions About the World (10%), and Self-Blame (6%). CFA confirmed the three factors structure without a second order factor (CFI =0,93) and with this general factor (CFI = 0,93). The three dimensions showed good internal consistency with general Cronbach a levels higher than 0,70. PTCI correlated with trauma severity (r = 0,61) and with other measures of trauma-related cognitions. Finally, the PTCI discriminate with precision between traumatized and not traumatized individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
47. Validez factorial del «Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo» (CESQT) en una muestra de maestros mexicanos.
- Author
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Gil-Monte, Pedro R., Rojas, Sara Unda, and Ocaña, Jorge I. Sandoval
- Subjects
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PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout , *TEACHERS , *JOB stress , *OCCUPATIONAL diseases , *PSYCHOMETRICS , *HEALTH surveys , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *MODEL validation - Abstract
Since the term burnout began to be used in the mid 1970's to refer to the process of deterioration in the care and professional attention given to users of human service organizations (public service, volunteer, medical, human social service, educational organizations, etc.), a variety of instruments have been developed to measure this phenomenon. A review of the literature makes it possible to conclude that among these measurement instruments the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) has been used with the greatest frequency to measure the burnout syndrome, regardless of the occupational characteristics of the sample or the source of the burnout. While the most commonly employed burnout measure has been the MBI, researchers have been troubled by some of the psychometric limitations of this scale: a number of authors have suggested that a three-factor structure might not be appropriate; some items are not associated with their factors; Cronbach's alpha values are low for the Depersonalization subscale; different versions of the instrument evaluate the same phenomenon, etc. Other instruments used to evaluate burnout (for example Burnout Measure) do not satisfactorily operationalize the definition of the syndrome. The deficiencies in the instruments used for evaluating burnout have led to the development of the «Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo» (CESQT) (Spanish Burnout Inventory). The theoretical model underlying the CESQT is based on the concept that burnout is a response to chronic job stress that stems from problematic interpersonal work relationships, and it develops in those individuals who work with people, quite frequently in service sector professionals who are in direct contact with the end-users. It is characterized by cognitive deterioration (loss of enthusiasm toward the job), emotional deterioration, and attitudes and behaviours of indifference, indolence, withdrawal and sometimes, abusive attitudes toward the client. In some cases, feelings of guilt appear. … [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
48. Felicidad, cultura y valores personales: estado de la cuestión y síntesis meta-analítica.
- Author
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Bilbao, María Ángeles, Techio, Elza María, and Páez, Darío
- Subjects
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META-analysis , *HAPPINESS , *CULTURE , *VALUES (Ethics) , *WELL-being , *IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
This article presents a meta-analysis of the relationship between Schwartz personal values and subjective well-being among different cultural contexts, with students, their families, and immigrants in Spain. Results show a significant association between personal values and well-being. Self-transcendence and openness to change, as well as conservation, but with less intensity, are positively associated with greater well-being. Self-transcendence is non-homogenous and positively associated with both happiness and satisfaction, being the immigrants who present lower levels. Openness to change is associated with happiness, being this relationship stronger for immigrants than for students. Conservation values are homogenously associated with subjective well-being. A second study about psychosocial health and subjective well-being analyzes two countries: a collectivist and hierarchical South American country as Brazil, and another one more individualistic and egalitarian as Spain. Results corroborate that conservation values, as well as openness to change and self-transcendence, are desirable and beneficial for subjective well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Un estudio transcultural de la competencia motriz en escolares de 7 a 10 años: utilidad de la Batería Movement ABC.
- Author
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Ruiz Pérez, Luis Miguel and Graupera Sanz, José Luis
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STANDARDIZATION , *CHILDREN , *MOTOR ability ,SEX differences (Biology) - Abstract
The aims of this research were to compare the results of the performance in the Movement ABC in an Spanish sample (202 boys and 183 girls) of 7 to 10 years old with data of Miyahara's study with Japanese children (53 boys, 49 girls) and the American standardization (237 boys, 284 girls). The cross-cultural comparisons revealed that there are many differences in performance among children of these samples. These differences were distributed among tasks and countries in the two age bands. Gender differences in all samples shown that girls outperform boys in manual and balance tasks, and boys got better scores in ball skills, emerging the effect of culture in the motor performance of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
50. Estudio transcultural de los diferentes componentes de la insatisfacción corporal en muestras comunitarias de España y Chile
- Author
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Camila Oda-Montecinos, Carmen Varela, Carmina Saldaña, and Universitat de Barcelona
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0301 basic medicine ,Insatisfacción corporal ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,España ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Índice de masa corporal ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Body image ,Cross-cultural studies ,Imatge corporal ,Anàlisi transcultural ,Obesitat ,Obesity ,Chile ,Psychology ,Estudio transcultural ,Humanities ,Body dissatisfaction - Abstract
espanolIntroduccion: el estudio de la insatisfaccion corporal se ha centrado sobre todo en sus componentes perceptual y cognitivo-conductual, habiendo sido menos analizado el componente afectivo, tanto en Espana como en Chile. Hasta el momento, se ha observado mayor presencia de insatisfaccion corporal en la poblacion femenina y con sobrepeso. Esto se ha relacionado en gran parte con la mujer delgada y definida como ideal de belleza. Objetivo: comparar los diferentes componentes de la insatisfaccion corporal (perceptual, cognitivo-conductual y afectivo) en la edad adulta en una muestra comunitaria de ambos sexos de Espana y de Chile. Metodo: se utilizo una muestra de 390 participantes, la cual se dividio en dos muestras segun el pais (n = 179 chilenos; n = 211 espanoles). A su vez, los grupos por paises se dividieron en dos grupos en funcion del indice de masa corporal (IMC) y tambien en funcion del sexo. Se evaluaron los diferentes componentes de la insatisfaccion corporal mediante cuestionarios especificos para cada uno de ellos. Resultados y conclusion: tanto en Espana como en Chile, las personas con sobrepeso muestran mayor insatisfaccion en las areas perceptual y afectiva, especialmente las mujeres. Sin embargo, el componente cognitivo-conductual es el unico en el que se hallaron diferencias entre paises, mostrandose las mujeres con sobrepeso espanolas mas insatisfechas (t = 4,14, p EnglishBackground: the study of body dissatisfaction has been focused on their perceptual and cognitive-behavioral components, being the affective component the least analyzed, both in Spain and Chile. Until now, it has been observed more presence of body dissatisfaction in overweight women. This fact has been related with the thinness beauty ideal established by society. Objective: to compare the different components of body dissatisfaction (perceptual, cognitive-behavioral and affective) in adults in a community sample of both sexes of Spain and Chile. Method: the sample consisted of 390 participants and has been divided in two samples by country (n = 179 Chileans; n = 211 Spanish). At the same time, these groups were divided in two groups by body mass index (BMI) and also by sex. The different components of body dissatisfaction were evaluated using specific questionnaires for each of them. Results and conclusion: both in Spain and in Chile, people with overweight show more dissatisfaction in the perceptual and affective areas, especially women. However, cognitive-behavioral component is the only one where differences between countries were found, showing overweight Spanish women more dissatisfaction. These results verify a higher presence of body dissatisfaction in women with overweight (t = 4.14, p
- Published
- 2019
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