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In order to evaluate the benefits as well as the impacts of essential and toxic metals regarding human health, the six common rice grains (katarivhog, bashful, banglamoti, najirshail, branded miniket and loose miniket) were collected from four wholesale markets in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, and were analyzed with different atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) techniques. The mean concentrations of the toxic metals Pb, Cd, Cr, and As had 0.299 ± 0.017, 0.157 ± 0.012, 1.33 ± 0.084, and 0.120 ± 0.006 mg/kg, respectively, while those of the essential metals Fe, Cu, Zn, Na, Ca, and Mg had 7.90 ± 0.447, 3.11 ± 0.097, 10.6 ± 0.340, 37.4 ± 0.622, 90.1 ± 7.70, and 115.8 ± 1.61 mg/kg, respectively. Among them, the mean concentrations of toxic metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, and As) exceeded the maximum allowable concentration in rice set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). Risk assessment of the heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Fe, Cu, and Zn showed that their estimated daily intakes were below the daily reference doses for adults. However, Cd and Cr individually were found to have the target hazard quotient value close to 1 (threshold limit), indicating that they alone are capable of potential health hazards from continuous rice consumption, while the hazard index has surpassed three units signifying greater danger associated with the current trend of consumption. A very high chance of developing cancer in the near future is predicted by incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk (ILCR) analysis for continued intake of Cr (ILCR > 1E-03), and a moderate to high risk is predicted for other carcinogenic substances (Pb, Cd, and As) (ILCR in between 1E-03 and 1E-05) with present rice consumption. The contribution of the essential metals to the RNI revealed that Cu from rice contributes more than 100% in most samples, and the overall contribution is in the following order: Cu > Zn > Fe > Mg > Ca > Na. To ensure the safety of staple foods for human health, it ought to be necessary to design a plan to measure the budget of hazardous metals from all sources with proper surveillance by relevant authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to essential and toxic metals occurs simultaneously as a mixture in real-life. However, there is no consensus regarding the effects of co-exposure to multiple metal(loid)s (designated hereafter metals) on blood lipid levels. Thus, blood concentrations of six human essential metals and five toxic metals in 720 general populations from southeastern China were simultaneously determined as a measure of exposure. In addition, quantile g-computation, Bayesian kernel machine regression, elastic net regression, and generalized linear model were used to investigate both the joint and individual effects of exposure to this metal mixture on human blood lipid levels. The significant positive joint effect of exposure to this metal mixture on serum total cholesterol (TC) levels, rather than on serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Castelli risk index I, Castelli risk index II, atherogenic coefficient, and non-HDL-C levels, was found. In addition, the positive effect may be primarily driven by selenium (Se), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) exposure. In addition, on the effect of TC levels, the synergistic effect between Pb and Hg and the antagonistic effect between Se and Pb were identified. Our finding suggests that combined exposure to this metal mixture may affect human blood lipid levels. Therefore, reducing exposure to heavy metals, such as Pb and Hg, should be a priority for the general population. In addition, Se supplementation should also be considered with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The presence of metals in milled shrimps sold on some major markets in Kumasi were investigated to ascertain their levels and the potential health risk they may pose to humans when ingested, due to the level of pollution in the marine environment where these shrimps are obtained from. The samples, which comprised of 30 composites, were analysed using x-ray florescence spectrometry and found to contain Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mo, Ca, Zn, As, Sr, and Zr with average concentrations of 4.09 mg kg− 1, 5.17 mg kg− 1, 25.14 mg kg− 1, 351.47 mg kg− 1, 9050.74 mg kg− 1, 4.08 mg kg− 1, 21984.48 mg kg− 1, 696.89 mg kg− 1, 8.99 mg kg− 1, 328.54 mg kg− 1, and 9.86 mg kg− 1 respectively. Non-carcinogenic risk indicators analysed suggested a likelihood of health hazard when the milled shrimps are ingested, particularly concerning is the levels of arsenic determined. The arsenic may, however, be in organic form which will make it less of a concern. The levels of the metals could not be linked statistically to the milling process after comparing them to procured controls, which may suggest that these metals may have been picked up in the aquatic environment and/or prior to milling. There is a need, therefore, for action to reduce pollution and remediate the aquatic environment.

The overuse of pesticides and fertilizers to grow high-quality roses unintentionally introduces heavy metals into the soil which is detrimental to the human health. Thus, the aim of the current study is to examine the concentrations of the essential (Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni) and toxic metals (Cd and Pb) in the soil samples from the flower farm using Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and to assess the risk that heavy metals pose to human health. To obtain an optimum condition for the wet digestion of soil samples, the volume ratio of reagents, reflux time and temperature were optimized. The concentrations of Ca, Fe, Mn, Mg, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu were found to be 3468, 4926, 450, 255, 74, 70,48.5 and 25 and 2150, 4862,472, 241, 71, 58, 37 and 12.5 mg/kg for the soil samples collected from the flower farm and road side, respectively. Cadmium and lead were not detected in the studied soil samples. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the concentrations of Ca and Cu in the two soil samples are significantly different. Correlation analysis showed there was strong positive association for Fe with Zn, Cr and Ni, Mg with Ca, Cu, Ni and Cr, Zn with Cr and Cu and Ni with (Cu, Zn and Cr). Values of hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) for the heavy metals under the study in the all exposure pathways are below 1.0 indicating that none of them could be harmful to human health.Article Highlights: Determination of the levels of the essential and toxic metals in the soil samples. Optimization of analytical method and validation of the optimized procedure. Non‑carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment of exposure to heavy metals in soil samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disruption of any stage of iron homeostasis, including uptake, utilization, efflux, and storage, can cause progressive damage to peripheral organs. The health hazards associated with occupational exposure to inhalation anesthetics (IA) in combination with chronic iron overload are not well documented. This study aimed to investigate changes in the concentration of essential metals in the peripheral organs of rats after iron overload in combination with IA. The aim was also to determine how iron overload in combination with IA affects tissue metal homeostasis, hepcidin–ferritin levels, and MMP levels according to physiological, functional, and tissue features. According to the obtained results, iron accumulation was most pronounced in the liver (19×), spleen (6.7×), lungs (3.1×), and kidneys (2.5×) compared to control. Iron accumulation is associated with elevated heavy metal levels and impaired essential metal concentrations due to oxidative stress (OS). Notably, the use of IA increases the iron overload toxicity, especially after Isoflurane exposure. The results show that the regulation of iron homeostasis is based on the interaction of hepcidin, ferritin, and other proteins regulated by inflammation, OS, free iron levels, erythropoiesis, and hypoxia. Long-term exposure to IA and iron leads to the development of numerous adaptation mechanisms in response to toxicity, OS, and inflammation. These adaptive mechanisms of iron regulation lead to the inhibition of MMP activity and reduction of oxidative stress, protecting the organism from possible damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metal pollution of natural and cultivated habitats may be caused by agricultural, industrial, and human activities. Fish living in these habitats easily accumulate metals in their organs; for food safety and human health, the heavy metals in fish flesh are of major concern due to the harmful nature of these pollutants even in low quantities. In this study, metals (Iron, Fe; Lead, Pb; Cadmium, Cd; Nickel, Ni; Copper, Cu and Zinc, Zn) in the muscle, liver, intestine, and gill of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, Denis is local name) were monitored to determine the contamination levels and to investigate the protective impact of cooking methods on the reduction or mitigation of metal levels. Although the Denis samples exhibited relatively low Pb and Cd levels, most fish samples had elevated levels of Fe and Zn. The examined metals accumulated at the highest level in the liver and gills compared to the other organs. Results showed that cooking methods had a considerable effect on concentrations of metals. However, the levels of metal in S. aurata from various sources were reduced significantly (P < 0.05) by frying, microwave, and grilling cooking, which was ordered in the following sequence as microwave cooking < grilling < frying. The consumption of Denis fish from different sources (wild and cultured) has no negative effects on health, according to a study of health hazards based on indices of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic. The metal results indicated that different fish sources (wild and cultured) could be acceptable for human consumption. Data hypothesized a positive impact of awareness among the native community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of metals in milled shrimps sold on some major markets in Kumasi were investigated to ascertain their levels and the potential health risk they may pose to humans when ingested, due to the level of pollution in the marine environment where these shrimps are obtained from. The samples, which comprised of 30 composites, were analysed using x-ray florescence spectrometry and found to contain Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mo, Ca, Zn, As, Sr, and Zr with average concentrations of 4.09 mg kg− 1, 5.17 mg kg− 1, 25.14 mg kg− 1, 351.47 mg kg− 1, 9050.74 mg kg− 1, 4.08 mg kg− 1, 21984.48 mg kg− 1, 696.89 mg kg− 1, 8.99 mg kg− 1, 328.54 mg kg− 1, and 9.86 mg kg− 1 respectively. Non-carcinogenic risk indicators analysed suggested a likelihood of health hazard when the milled shrimps are ingested, particularly concerning is the levels of arsenic determined. The arsenic may, however, be in organic form which will make it less of a concern. The levels of the metals could not be linked statistically to the milling process after comparing them to procured controls, which may suggest that these metals may have been picked up in the aquatic environment and/or prior to milling. There is a need, therefore, for action to reduce pollution and remediate the aquatic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular calcification is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events. Essential metals play critical roles in maintaining human health. However, the association of essential metal levels with risk of aortic arch calcification (AoAC) remains unclear. We measured the plasma concentrations of nine essential metals in a cross‐sectional population and evaluated their individual and combined effects on AoAC risk using multiple statistical methods. We also explored the mediating role of fasting glucose. In the logistic regression model, higher quartiles of magnesium and copper were associated with the decreased AoAC risk, while higher quartile of manganese was associated with higher AoAC risk. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalized regression analysis identified magnesium, manganese, calcium, cobalt, and copper as key metals associated with AoAC risk. The weighted quantile sum regression suggested a combined effect of metal mixture. A linear and positive dose–response relationship was found between manganese and AoAC in males. Moreover, blood glucose might mediate a proportion of 9.38% of the association between manganese exposure and AoAC risk. In summary, five essential metal levels were associated with AoAC and showed combined effect. Fasting glucose might play a significant role in mediating manganese exposure‐associated AoAC risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients have late presentation at the time of diagnosis and a poor prognosis. Metal dyshomeostasis is known to play a role in cancer progression. However, the blood and tissue metallome of PDAC patients has not been assessed. This study aimed to determine the levels of essential and toxic metals in the serum and pancreatic tissue from PDAC patients. Serum samples were obtained from PDAC patients before surgical resection. Tissue (tumor and adjacent normal pancreas) were obtained from the surgically resected specimen. Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) analysis was performed to quantify the levels of 10 essential and 3 toxic metals in these samples. Statistical analysis was performed to identify dysregulated metals in PDAC and their role as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Significantly decreased serum levels of magnesium, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, arsenic, and mercury and increased levels of molybdenum were shown to be associated with PDAC. There were significantly decreased levels of zinc, manganese and molybdenum, and increased levels of calcium and selenium in the pancreatic tumor tissue compared with the adjacent normal pancreas. Notably, lower serum levels of calcium, iron, and selenium, and higher levels of manganese, were significantly associated with a poor prognosis (i.e., overall survival) in PDAC patients. In conclusion, this is the first study to comprehensively assess the serum and tissue metallome of PDAC patients. It identified the association of metals with PDAC diagnosis and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to determine the human health risk (HHR) of zinc (Zn) in forty species of marine commercial fishes sourced from Peninsular Malaysia and available between April and May 2023. These species exhibited concentrations of Zn ranging from 24.1 to 153 mg kg–1 dried weight. These values fell below the maximum allowable limits established by seafood safety guidelines, indicating that the fish are valuable sources of the essential element. The Zn target hazard quotient values were below 1, suggesting that consuming fish containing Zn poses no non-carcinogenic risks. Additionally, it was discovered that the computed estimated weekly Zn intake values were lower than the established provisional allowable weekly Zn intake. It can be inferred that ingesting fish from Peninsular Malaysia would not expose consumers to any detrimental consequences regarding Zn levels. Although this is true, on-going surveillance via Fish Watch (biomonitoring of metal pollution using fish) is imperative to safeguard the well-being of consumers who significantly depend on commercial marine fish imported from Peninsular Malaysia. The study contributes to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by promoting safe consumption, Goal 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) through sustainable fishing practices, and Goal 14 (Life Below Water) by emphasizing the importance of protecting marine ecosystems.

Humans are exposed to metals through diet and lifestyle e.g. smoking. Some metals are essential for physiologically body functions, while others are non-essential and can be toxic to humans. This study follows up on metal concentrations in the Greenlandic ACCEPT birth-cohort (mothers and fathers) and compares with other Arctic populations. The data from 2019 to 2020 include blood metal concentrations, lifestyle and food frequency questionnaires from 101 mothers and 76 fathers, 24–55 years, living in Nuuk, Sisimiut, and Ilulissat. A high percentage (25–45%) exceeded international guidance values for Hg. For the mothers, the metal concentrations changed significantly from inclusion at pregnancy to this follow-up 3–5 years after birth; some increased and others decreased. Most metals differed significantly between mothers and fathers, while few also differed between residential towns. Several metals correlated significantly with marine food intake and socio-economic factors, but the direction of the correlations varied. Traditional marine food intake was associated positively with Se, As and Hg. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the most recent data on metal exposure of both men and women in Greenland, elucidating metal exposure sources among Arctic populations, and documents the need for continuing biomonitoring to follow the exceeding of guidance values for Hg. [Figure: see text]

In the present study, we reviewed the literature as a systematic review to investigate the concentration of some metals (essential, none essential, and toxic metals) in herbal teas and their health risks. The search extended the literature from the database, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, using the terms "herbal teas" combined with "heavy metals, essential metals, thyme, rosemary, chamomile, and tea" also with "iron, zinc, aluminum, chromium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, arsenic, cadmium, and lead" in titles and abstracts. The search was limited to articles published from 2012 to 2023 years. Initially, 212 articles were found; by detailed consideration, only 49 papers fit the inclusion criteria and were selected for further study. The mean of metal concentration, standard deviation, data distribution, and sample size were applied to generate data from the articles. The results indicated that all commonly consumed herbal teas included metals. None of them meet the requirements of the WHO requirements. However, more than 70% of their health risks are acceptable. The risks of arsenic and lead in tea and cadmium in black tea were considerably higher than in others. According to the review results, it is important to prevent heavy metal contamination of herbal teas by modifying cultivation patterns and also to prevent to consumption of low-quality herbal teas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Vascular calcification is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events. Essential metals play critical roles in maintaining human health. However, the association of essential metal levels with risk of aortic arch calcification (AoAC) remains unclear. We measured the plasma concentrations of nine essential metals in a cross‐sectional population and evaluated their individual and combined effects on AoAC risk using multiple statistical methods. We also explored the mediating role of fasting glucose. In the logistic regression model, higher quartiles of magnesium and copper were associated with the decreased AoAC risk, while higher quartile of manganese was associated with higher AoAC risk. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalized regression analysis identified magnesium, manganese, calcium, cobalt, and copper as key metals associated with AoAC risk. The weighted quantile sum regression suggested a combined effect of metal mixture. A linear and positive dose–response relationship was found between manganese and AoAC in males. Moreover, blood glucose might mediate a proportion of 9.38% of the association between manganese exposure and AoAC risk. In summary, five essential metal levels were associated with AoAC and showed combined effect. Fasting glucose might play a significant role in mediating manganese exposure‐associated AoAC risk.

Interactions between proteins and metal ions and their complexes are important in many areas of the life sciences, including physiology, medicine, and toxicology. Despite the involvement of essential elements in all major processes necessary for sustaining life, metalloproteomes remain ill-defined. This is not only owing to the complexity of metalloproteomes, but also to the non-covalent character of the complexes that most essential metals form, which complicates analysis. Similar issues may also be encountered for some toxic metals. The review discusses recently developed approaches and current challenges for the study of interactions involving entire (sub-)proteomes with such labile metal ions. In the second part, transition metals from the fourth and fifth periods are examined, most of which are xenobiotic and also tend to form more stable and/or inert complexes. A large research area in this respect concerns metallodrug–protein interactions. Particular attention is paid to separation approaches, as these need to be adapted to the reactivity of the metal under consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants take up metals, including essential micronutrients [iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn)] and the toxic heavy metal cadmium (Cd), from soil and accumulate these metals in their edible parts, which are direct and indirect intake sources for humans. Multiple transporters belonging to different families are required to transport a metal from the soil to different organs and tissues, but only a few of them have been fully functionally characterized. The transport systems (the transporters required for uptake, translocation, distribution, redistribution, and their regulation) differ with metals and plant species, depending on the physiological roles, requirements of each metal, and anatomies of different organs and tissues. To maintain metal homeostasis in response to spatiotemporal fluctuations of metals in soil, plants have developed sophisticated and tightly regulated mechanisms through the regulation of transporters at the transcriptional and/or posttranscriptional levels. The manipulation of some transporters has succeeded in generating crops rich in essential metals but low in Cd accumulation. A better understanding of metal transport systems will contribute to better and safer crop production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cost‐savings in lithium‐ion battery production are crucial for promoting widespread adoption of Battery Electric Vehicles and achieving cost‐parity with internal combustion engines. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of projected production costs for lithium‐ion batteries by 2030, focusing on essential metals. It explores the complex interplay of factors, including economies of scale, R&D innovations, market dynamics, and metal price trends. The findings highlight the significant role of R&D innovations and economies of scale in substantial cost reductions by 2030, with projected ranges of 21–28 % and 25–37 %, respectively. However, potential cost escalations due to elevated metal prices, particularly for nickel‐cobalt‐containing chemistries, are also cautioned. To address these challenges, the study proposes a strategic shift towards robust Lithium‐Iron‐Phosphate (LFP) chemistry to mitigate cost pressures and meet predefined cost targets. Moreover, by analyzing medium or low metal price trends, the study reveals the potential for significant cost savings, with exceptional scenarios demonstrating up to a remarkable 65 % reduction in costs. Given the broad range of cost likelihoods, the study underscores the importance of vertical integration and international cooperation in managing the essential metals supply chain securely. The research has profound implications for policymakers and industry decision‐makers, providing valuable insights into the lithium‐ion battery industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the urinary and biliary excretion of toxic and essential metals in 60 patients diagnosed with liver and biliary diseases and their potential association with hepatic fibrosis. The levels of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in patients' urine and bile samples were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. To assess hepatic fibrosis, we calculated the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, a non-invasive measure, using a formula incorporating age, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and platelet levels. The median values of biliary (urinary) Hg, Pb, Cd, As, Se, Mn, Cu, and Zn in µg.L-1 were 2.7 (3.6), 1.6 (0.2), 0.126 (1.3), 0.319 (6.3), 14.1 (43.7), 43.4 (4.5), 244.3 (82.9), and 201.6 (692.5), respectively. Biliary levels of Pb, Mn, and Cu were significantly higher than those in urine (p for all <0.001), suggesting that these metals are primarily eliminated through biliary excretion. There was a clear imbalance in the biliary Cu and Zn levels; 33 (~57%) patients had a Cu/Zn ratio >1. FIB-4 index >1.3 was found in 28 patients at risk of liver fibrosis. Analysis of covariance revealed patients with FIB-4 index >1.3 had higher urinary levels of Pb (more than threefold) and Zn (approximately twofold) higher than those with lower FIB-4 scores. Conversely, patients with higher FIB-4 scores had significantly lower biliary levels of Mn (approximately fourfold) and Cu (more than twofold). These findings suggest that imbalances in certain metals may play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of hepatic fibrosis, warranting further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of seafoods is high due to their superb dietary properties and healthy composition. However, it is crucial to understand whether they adequately contribute to our essential nutritional needs. Small amounts of essential metals are indispensable in the human body to proper physiological functioning; their deficiency can manifest in various sets of symptoms that can only be eliminated with their intake during treatment or nutrition. However, the excessive consumption of metals can induce undesirable effects, or even toxicosis. Shellfish, oyster, and squid samples were collected directly from a fish market. After sample preparation, the concentration of essential metals (cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, and zinc) was detected by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. The results were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and two-sample t-tests. The average concentration of the investigated essential elements and the calculated burden based on the consumption were below the Recommended Dietary Allowances and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels. Based on these results, the trace element contents of the investigated seafoods do not cover the necessary recommended daily intake of them, but their consumption poses no health hazard due to their low levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to evaluate the concentrations of essential metals (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Se, B, P, and Zn) and potential health risks in chicken giblets commonly sold to consumers in Lokoja's main market, Kogi State, Nigeria. Using appropriate standard methods, samples were digested with 65% HNO3, and the digest was analyzed using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) in gizzard ranged from 0.06±0.08 (Cu) to 28.1±6.9 (P), kidney 0.04±0.01 (Cu) to 24±10 (P), and liver 0.09±0.10 (Cu) to 47±11(P). All the essential metals examined were below the FAO and WHO's permissible standards. The observed trend in the accumulation of metal concentration in chicken giblets was P > Na > Ca > Fe > Mg > Zn > B > Se > K, Cu. The health risk analyses revealed that the current exposure levels will not have a major negative impact on human health, as the hazard quotient for each metal was less than one (<1) and the overall hazard index was also less than 1. Although the population will not be exposed to the potential health risks from these metals presently, there is a need to regularly assess the levels of heavy metals in chicken giblets to maintain protection against negative health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to evaluate the concentrations of essential metals (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Se, B, P, and Zn) and potential health risks in chicken giblets commonly sold to consumers in Lokoja's main market, Kogi State, Nigeria. Using appropriate standard methods, samples were digested with 65% HNO3, and the digest was analyzed using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) in gizzard ranged from 0.06±0.08 (Cu) to 28.1±6.9 (P), kidney 0.04±0.01 (Cu) to 24±10 (P), and liver 0.09±0.10 (Cu) to 47±11(P). All the essential metals examined were below the FAO and WHO's permissible standards. The observed trend in the accumulation of metal concentration in chicken giblets was P > Na > Ca > Fe > Mg > Zn > B > Se > K, Cu. The health risk analyses revealed that the current exposure levels will not have a major negative impact on human health, as the hazard quotient for each metal was less than one (

Nutritional qualities of consumer foods particularly, meat is of great importance in improving health of an individual. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the proximate composition and concentrations of some essential heavy metals (Co, Se and B) in the liver, kidney and tissue muscle of cow, ram, and goat in Lokoja, Kogi State. Proximate analysis was done according to AOAC procedure. After sampling, the tissues were prepared for metal analysis by acid digestion method and read by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The result showed that moisture content ranged from 70.1% to 74.8%, ash content ranged from 1.1% to 3.8%, protein content 16.2 to 19.9%, fat content 4.7 to 8.8%, organic matter ranged from 96.2% to 99.1%, carbohydrate contents ranged from 0.2% to 0.9%, and dry matter content 25.5% to 29.8 %. Selenium ranged from 5.2 to 6.0 mg/kg, boron ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg, and cobalt ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 mg/kg. The mean concentration of selenium and cobalt unlike boron exceeded permitted recommended level. Excessive level of essential elements can pose a threat to human health. Therefore, regular consumption of offal from the studied animals consumed in Lokoja may poses a health risk with respect to Se and Co. Sources of Se and Co need to be investigated to safeguard consumers from possible exposure to health hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutritional qualities of consumer foods particularly, meat is of great importance in improving health of an individual. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the proximate composition and concentrations of some essential heavy metals (Co, Se and B) in the liver, kidney and tissue muscle of cow, ram, and goat in Lokoja, Kogi State. Proximate analysis was done according to AOAC procedure. After sampling, the tissues were prepared for metal analysis by acid digestion method and read by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The result showed that moisture content ranged from 70.1% to 74.8%, ash content ranged from 1.1% to 3.8%, protein content 16.2 to 19.9%, fat content 4.7 to 8.8%, organic matter ranged from 96.2% to 99.1%, carbohydrate contents ranged from 0.2% to 0.9%, and dry matter content 25.5% to 29.8 %. Selenium ranged from 5.2 to 6.0 mg/kg, boron ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg, and cobalt ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 mg/kg. The mean concentration of selenium and cobalt unlike boron exceeded permitted recommended level. Excessive level of essential elements can pose a threat to human health. Therefore, regular consumption of offal from the studied animals consumed in Lokoja may poses a health risk with respect to Se and Co. Sources of Se and Co need to be investigated to safeguard consumers from possible exposure to health hazards.

The presence of metals in milled shrimps sold on some major markets in Kumasi were investigated to ascertain their levels and the potential health risk they may pose to humans when ingested, due to the level of pollution in the marine environment where these shrimps are obtained from. The samples, which comprised of 30 composites, were analysed using x-ray florescence spectrometry and found to contain Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mo, Ca, Zn, As, Sr, and Zr with average concentrations of 4.09 mg kg− 1, 5.17 mg kg− 1, 25.14 mg kg− 1, 351.47 mg kg− 1, 9050.74 mg kg− 1, 4.08 mg kg− 1, 21984.48 mg kg− 1, 696.89 mg kg− 1, 8.99 mg kg− 1, 328.54 mg kg− 1, and 9.86 mg kg− 1 respectively. Non-carcinogenic risk indicators analysed suggested a likelihood of health hazard when the milled shrimps are ingested, particularly concerning is the levels of arsenic determined. The arsenic may, however, be in organic form which will make it less of a concern. The levels of the metals could not be linked statistically to the milling process after comparing them to procured controls, which may suggest that these metals may have been picked up in the aquatic environment and/or prior to milling. There is a need, therefore, for action to reduce pollution and remediate the aquatic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential trace metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo, Co) are involved in high number of physiological and metabolic activities and therefore have a substantial role in organisms. Thus, their balance is tightly regulated by levels of absorption, transport, and storage in the organism. They can alter human health in both deficiency and overload conditions. On one hand, deficiency health problems are due to reduction of their physiological activities. On the other hand, Fe, Cu and Co are redox active metals and their increase can cause severe tissue damage through oxidative stress. Numerous well-established diseases like iron and copper deficiency anemia, hemochromatosis, Menkes and Wilson disease, acrodermatitis enteropathica are consequence of essential metal alterations. Nowadays, trace metals alterations are also found to be implicated in neurodegenerative disease, cancers, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. Those diseases represent enormous health problems in contemporary society and trace metals might help to further elucidate their pathogenesis and potentially even treatment. In the present study, essential trace metals kinetic and physiology are reviewed, as well as their roles in disease pathophysiology.

The role of metals in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still debated. Although previous research has linked changes in essential metal homeostasis and exposure to environmental heavy metals to the pathogenesis of AD, more research is needed to determine the relationship between metals and AD. In this review, we included human studies that (1) compared the metal concentrations between AD patients and healthy controls, (2) correlated concentrations of AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers with metal concentrations, and (3) used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the potential metal contributions to AD risk. Although many studies have examined various metals in dementia patients, understanding the dynamics of metals in these patients remains difficult due to considerable inconsistencies among the results of individual studies. The most consistent findings were for Zn and Cu, with most studies observing a decrease in Zn levels and an increase in Cu levels in AD patients. However, several studies found no such relation. Because few studies have compared metal levels with biomarker levels in the CSF of AD patients, more research of this type is required. Given that MR is revolutionizing epidemiologic research, additional MR studies that include participants from diverse ethnic backgrounds to assess the causal relationship between metals and AD risk are critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the association of heavy metals (HMs) and effect biomarkers (inflammation, oxidative stress/antioxidant capacity and DNA damage) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PHWHA) in Niger Delta area, Nigeria. Blood levels of lead (BPb), cadmium (BCd), copper (BCu), zinc (BZn), iron (BFe), C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were determined in a total of 185 participants, 104 HIV-positive and 81 HIV-negative sampled in both Niger Delta and non-Niger Delta regions. BCd (p < 0.001) and BPb (p = 0.139) were higher in HIV-positive subjects compared to HIV-negative controls; on the contrary, BCu, BZn and BFe levels were lower (p < 0.001) in HIV-positive subjects compared to HIV-negative controls. The Niger Delta population had higher levels of heavy metals (p < 0.01) compared to non-Niger Delta residents. CRP and 8-OHdG were higher (p < 0.001) in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative subjects and in Niger-Delta than in non-Niger Delta residents. BCu had significant positive dose-response relationship with CRP (61.9%, p = 0.063) and GSH (1.64%, p = 0.035) levels in HIV-positive subjects, and negative response with MDA levels (26.6%, p < 0.001). Periodic assessment of HMs levels among PLWHA is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemiological evidence regarding the possible link between multiple essential metals levels and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients is sparse. Here, we aimed to evaluate the longitudinal associations between 11 essential metals levels in plasma and all-cause mortality and CVD mortality among T2D patients. Our study included 5278 T2D patients from the Dongfeng–Tongji cohort. LASSO penalized regression analysis was used to select the all-cause and CVD mortality-associated metals from 11 essential metals (iron, copper, zinc, selenium, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, cobalt, chromium, nickel, and tin) measured in plasma. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: With a median follow-up of 9.8 years, 890 deaths were documented, including 312 deaths of CVD. LASSO regression models and the multiple-metals model revealed that plasma iron and selenium were negatively associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 0.83; 95%CI: 0.70, 0.98; HR: 0.60; 95%CI: 0.46, 0.77), whereas copper was positively associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 1.60; 95%CI: 1.30, 1.97). Only plasma iron has been significantly associated with decreased risk of CVD mortality (HR: 0.61; 95%CI: 0.49, 0.78). The dose-response curves for the association between copper levels and all-cause mortality followed a J shape (Pfor nonlinear = 0.01). Our study highlights the close relationships between essential metals elements (iron, selenium, and copper) and all-cause and CVD mortality among diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of the study were to simulate low-level Pb exposure scenario in an animal model and to examine reproductive adverse effects. Based on obtained data, we have performed Benchmark dose (BMD)-response modelling. Male Wistar rats were randomized in seven groups (n = 6): one control and six treated with: 0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, 7, and 15 mg Pb/kg body weight, daily for 28 days by oral gavage. The rats were sacrificed and the blood and testes were used for further analysis of testosterone levels in serum, testicular essential metal levels and histological analysis. The Pb treatment led to a dose-dependent decrease of serum testosterone levels with a negative trend (BMDI 0.17–6.13 mg Pb/kg). Increase of Zn (dose-dependent, BMDI 0.004–19.7 mg Pb/kg) and Cu and a decrease of Mn testicular levels were also detected with unscathed histology of the testes. The presented results might be used in further evaluation of the point of departure in human health risk assessment for Pb. [Display omitted] • Low-lead doses decreased testosterone serum levels. • Testicular Cu and Zn levels increased, while Mn levels decreased. • There were no histological changes in testis tissue. • The lowest BMD was calculated for increase of Zn testicular levels (0.004 mg Pb/kg b.w./day). • The obtained results provide useful data for further evaluation of Pb referent point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging and low-carbon technologies and innovations are driving a need for domestic sources, sustainable use, and availability of critical minerals (CMs)—those vital to the national and economic security of the United States. Understanding the known and potential health effects of exposures to such mineral commodities can inform prudent and environmentally responsible handling and harvesting. We review the occurrence, use, predominant exposure pathways, and adverse outcome pathways (AOP) for human and fish receptors of those CMs that are nutritionally essential trace metals (specifically, cobalt, chromium, manganese, nickel, and zinc), as well as the rare earth elements. Biological responses to some elements having comparable biogeochemistry can sometimes be similar. Candidate quantifiable biomarkers for assessing potential AOP are conveyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interactions between proteins and metal ions and their complexes are important in many areas of the life sciences, including physiology, medicine, and toxicology. Despite the involvement of essential elements in all major processes necessary for sustaining life, metalloproteomes remain ill-defined. This is not only owing to the complexity of metalloproteomes, but also to the non-covalent character of the complexes that most essential metals form, which complicates analysis. Similar issues may also be encountered for some toxic metals. The review discusses recently developed approaches and current challenges for the study of interactions involving entire (sub-)proteomes with such labile metal ions. In the second part, transition metals from the fourth and fifth periods are examined, most of which are xenobiotic and also tend to form more stable and/or inert complexes. A large research area in this respect concerns metallodrug–protein interactions. Particular attention is paid to separation approaches, as these need to be adapted to the reactivity of the metal under consideration.

The popularity of seafoods is high due to their superb dietary properties and healthy composition. However, it is crucial to understand whether they adequately contribute to our essential nutritional needs. Small amounts of essential metals are indispensable in the human body to proper physiological functioning; their deficiency can manifest in various sets of symptoms that can only be eliminated with their intake during treatment or nutrition. However, the excessive consumption of metals can induce undesirable effects, or even toxicosis. Shellfish, oyster, and squid samples were collected directly from a fish market. After sample preparation, the concentration of essential metals (cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, and zinc) was detected by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. The results were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and two-sample t-tests. The average concentration of the investigated essential elements and the calculated burden based on the consumption were below the Recommended Dietary Allowances and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels. Based on these results, the trace element contents of the investigated seafoods do not cover the necessary recommended daily intake of them, but their consumption poses no health hazard due to their low levels.

The theory of the brain-gut axis has confirmed that gut microbiota and metabolites are involved in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases through multiple pathways. However, few studies have highlighted the role of gut microbiota in cognitive impairment induced by aluminum (Al) exposure and its correlations with the homeostasis of essential metal content in the brain. To explore the relationship between alterations in the content of essential metals in the brain and relative abundance changes in gut microbiota induced by Al exposure, the Al, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), and cobalt (Co) content level in the hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and midbrain tissue were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods after Al maltolate was intraperitoneally injected every other day for exposed groups. Then the unsupervised principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) were used to analyze the relative abundance of the gut microbiota community and the structure of the gut microbiome. Finally, the correlations between gut microbiota composition and essential metal content in the different exposure groups were explored by using the Pearson correlation coefficient method. Based on the results, we indicated that the content of Al in the hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and midbrain tissue was increased and then decreased with the increasing exposure duration, with peaks occurring between 14 and 30 days. Concomitantly, Al-exposure decreased the Zn, Fe, and Mn levels in these tissues. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing results indicated that significant differences in the intestinal microbial community structure at the phylum, family, and genus levels were found in the Day 90 exposed group compared with the Day 7 exposed group. Ten enriched species in the exposed group were identified as markers at the three levels. Furthermore, ten bacteria at the genus level were identified to have a significantly strong correlation (r = 0.70–0.90) with Fe, Zn, Mn, and Co.

Simple Summary: Currently, the development of "green" and "blue" biotechnologies, which allow for ensuring the necessary level of economic growth without additional environmental risks, is one of the keystones of technological progress in the world. Widely used in various areas of human economic activity, microalgae are the most popular objects in a wide range of living organisms, and they are used for innovative, environmentally friendly biotechnology. In our article, we consider the evolutionary aspects of the relationship of living organisms—using the examples of microalgae and cyanobacteria—with the environment. Knowledge of the habitat is one of the main tasks of such fundamental research, as well as the development of the theoretical foundations for their practical application in the national economy and the rational use of natural resources. In freshwater and marine ecosystems, the phytoplankton community is based on microalgae and cyanobacteria, which include phylogenetically very diverse groups of oxygenic photoautotrophs. In the process of evolution, they developed a wide range of bio(geo)chemical adaptations that allow them to effectively use solar radiation, CO2, and nutrients, as well as major and trace elements, to form O2 and organic compounds with a high chemical bond energy. The inclusion of chemical elements in the key processes of energy and plastic metabolism in the cell is determined by redox conditions and the abundance and metabolic availability of elements in the paleoenvironment. Geochemical evolution, which proceeded simultaneously with the evolution of biosystems, contributed to an increase in the number of metals and trace elements acting as cofactors of enzymes involved in metabolism and maintaining homeostasis in the first photoautotrophs. The diversity of metal-containing enzymes and the adaptive ability to replace one element with another without losing the functional properties of enzymes ensured the high ecological plasticity of species and allowed microalgae and cyanobacteria to successfully colonize a wide variety of habitats. In this review, we consider the main aspects of the modern concepts of the biogeochemical evolution of aquatic ecosystems and the role of some metals in the main bioenergetic processes in photosynthetic prokaryotes and eukaryotes. We present generalized data on the efficiency of the assimilation of key nutrients by phytoplankton and their importance in the cycle of carbon, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and iron. This article presents modern views on the evolutionary prerequisites for the formation of elemental signatures in different systematic groups of microalgae, as well as the possibility of using the stoichiometric ratio in the study of biological and geochemical processes in aquatic ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various metals have been associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), principally heavy metals that are environmental pollutants (such as As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) and essential metals whose homeostasis is disturbed in AD (such as Cu, Fe, and Zn). Although there is evidence of the involvement of these metals in AD, further research is needed on their mechanisms of toxicity. To further assess the involvement of heavy and essential metals in AD pathogenesis, we compared cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers to macro- and microelements measured in CSF and plasma. We tested if macro- and microelements' concentrations (heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Tl), essential metals (Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Co, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mo), essential non-metals (B, P, S, and Se), and other non-essential metals (Al, Ba, Li, and Sr)) are associated with CSF AD biomarkers that reflect pathological changes in the AD brain (amyloid β1–42, total tau, phosphorylated tau isoforms, NFL, S100B, VILIP-1, YKL-40, PAPP-A, and albumin). We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) to determine macro- and microelements in CSF and plasma, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to determine protein biomarkers of AD in CSF. This study included 193 participants (124 with AD, 50 with mild cognitive impairment, and 19 healthy controls). Simple correlation, as well as machine learning algorithms (redescription mining and principal component analysis (PCA)), demonstrated that levels of heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Tl), essential metals (Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, K, and Zn), and essential non-metals (P, S, and Se) are positively associated with CSF phosphorylated tau isoforms, VILIP-1, S100B, NFL, and YKL-40 in AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most trace metals (essential and toxic metals) in very low concentrations are needed for living organisms, especially humans, but if they exceed the recommended limit, they can lead to toxicity in humans. The aim of this study was to determinate of concentration of 12 trace metals including; aluminium(Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), in 90 samples of sesame seeds from three varieties of black, yellow and white purchased from markets different cities of Iran (2019) using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) technique. Also, Probabilistic risk assessment (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks) was estimated by models include target hazard quotient (THQ) and cancer risk (CR) in the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) model. The recoveries estimated from 94% to 106%. The maximum mean value was obtained for Zn element (1707 ± 22 µg kg−1), while concentrations of Al and Hg were non-detected (ND). The concentration of five toxic metals Al, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb as average in sesame seed samples were reported as ND, 11.464 ± 1.71, 1.15 ± 0.04, ND and 16.14 ± 1.60 μg kg−1, respectively. Analyzes showed that no significant difference in the amount of trace metals between sesame varieties (black, brown and white). In most of the sesame seed samples, trace metals have been measured at lower levels than the standard limits. The results of MCS showed that the rank order of toxic metals based on 95% THQ index for both adults and children was As > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd. The uncertain analysis of human health risk (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks) indicated that there is no serious risk (THQ >1 and CR >1E-4) for adults and children by ingestion of sesame seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mushroom consumption has increased in recent years due to their beneficial properties to the proper functioning of the body. Within this framework, the high potential of mushrooms as a source of essential elements has been reported. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the mineral content of seven essential metals, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, K, Ca, and Na, in twenty samples of mushrooms of the genus Lactarius collected from various locations in southern Spain and northern Morocco, by FAAS, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and ICP-OES after acid digestion. Statistics showed that K was the macronutrient found at the highest levels in all mushrooms studied. ANOVA showed that there were statistically significant differences among the species for K, P, and Na. The multivariate study suggested that there were differences between the accumulation of the elements according to the geographic location and species. Furthermore, the intake of 300 g of fresh mushrooms of each sample covers a high percentage of the RDI, but does not meet the recommended daily intake (RDI) for any of the metals studied, except for Fe. Even considering these benefits, the consumption of mushrooms should be moderated due to the presence of toxic metals, which may pose health risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since ancient times, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, various plants have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various illnesses. They often contain highly active pharmacological components including essential and trace metals. Essential metals have various physiological and biochemical functions in organism and affects to normal human health. This work was aimed to determine the content of some essential metals such as Cu, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Zn in samples of the leaves of wild Origanum vulgare L. Samples of wild oregano were collected from meadows in Bugojno, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH). Wet digestion was used to dissolve the samples, and content of essential metals were analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Metals were present in the samples in different concentrations as follows: Cu 4.75 mg kg− 1; Cr 0.0295 mg kg− 1; Mn 26.79 mg kg− 1; Fe 130.65 mg kg− 1; Zn 42.88 mg kg− 1. Therefore, leaves of wild Origanum vulgare L. can be used in different forms in daily consumption due to the higher content of Fe, Mn, and Zn and their beneficial effects on the normal functioning of the organism without any consequences for human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a noninvasive diagnostic method for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and a predictor of cardiovascular events. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between individual or combined essential metals and ABI, as well as assess the collective impact of essential metals when coupled with healthy lifestyle on ABI. A total of 2865 participants were recruited in Wuhan Tongji Hospital between August 2018 and March 2019. Concentrations of essential metals in urine were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The results of general linear regression models demonstrated that after adjusting for confounding factors, there was a positive association between ABI increase and per unit increase of log 10-transformed, creatinine-corrected urinary Cr (β (95 % CI): 0.010 (0.004, 0.016), P FDR = 0.007), Fe (β (95 % CI): 0.010 (0.003, 0.017), P FDR = 0.018), and Co (β (95 % CI): 0.013 (0.005, 0.021), P FDR = 0.007). The WQS regression revealed a positive relationship between the mixture of essential metals and ABI (β (95 % CI): 0.006 (0.003, 0.010), P < 0.001), with Cr and Co contributing most to the relationship (weighted 45.48 % and 40.14 %, respectively). Compared to individuals with unfavorable lifestyle and the lowest quartile of Cr, Fe and Co, those with favorable lifestyle and the highest quartile of Cr, Fe and Co exhibited the most increase in ABI (β (95 % CI): 0.030 (0.017, 0.044) for Cr, β (95 % CI): 0.027 (0.013, 0.040) for Fe, and β (95 % CI): 0.030 (0.016, 0.044) for Co). In summary, our study indicates that adequate essential metal intake together with healthy lifestyle behaviors perform crucial roles in PAD protection. [Display omitted] • Cr, Fe, and Co were positively associated with ankle-brachial index (ABI). • A positive relationship between essential metal mixture and ABI was observed. • Essential metal may decrease the risk of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). • Healthy lifestyle enhanced the prevention of essential metals on PAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the proximate composition, levels of essential and heavy metals; and health risk assessment were evaluated in sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) samples purchased randomly from local markets of three study sites in Ethiopia. A 0.15 g of dried and homogenized samples were digested using 6 mL of HNO3 (69–72%) and 3 mL of HClO4 (70%) at 120 °C for 3 h. The levels of proximate composition and essential metals in the sesame samples were determined by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FAAS), respectively. The moisture content, crude fiber, ash content, fat, crude proteins and carbohydrate of sesame samples ranged between 3.15% and 5.52%, 4.21–4.40%, 3.10–4.75%, 55.75–56.9%, 22.65–23.39% and 8.34–8.80%, respectively. The accuracy of the procedure was validated by percent recovery of samples for all metals varied from 85.60% to 102.00%. The mean levels of the metals (mg/kg) were found in the range of 37.20–70.10 (Na), 315.1–338.00 (K), 209.00–216.50 (Mg), 328.00–341.30 (Ca), 12.60–12.90 (Fe), 4.90–5.00 (Cu) and 8.30–8.70 (Zn) mg/kg. The THQ values of heavy metals were found

Aberrant global DNA methylation status is a known biomarker for increased disease risk, especially cancer. There is little published data on the association between toxic and essential metal mixtures and global DNA methylation in electronic waste (e-waste) workers. We aimed to establish the association between toxic and essential metals in blood and the effect of their interactions on global DNA methylation among e-waste recyclers and a reference group in Ghana. We used ICP-MS to measure the level of five metals (Se, Zn, Mn, Cd, and Pb) in the blood of 100 e-waste workers and 51 controls. We quantified blood DNA methylation levels of LINE-1 as an indicator of global DNA methylation. Cd, Mn, and Se levels were significantly higher in the reference group than in e-waste workers. Only Pb was significantly higher in the e-waste workers compared to the controls. Our linear regression analysis results showed a significant inverse association between Zn and LINE-1 DNA methylation (βZn = − 0.912; 95% CI, − 1.512, − 0.306; p = 0.003) which corresponds to a 0.009 decrease in %LINE-1 methylation (95% CI, − 0.015, − 0.003; p = 0.003) for a 1% increase in Zn concentration. Potential interactions between Cd and Zn on global DNA methylation were observed. In summary, co-exposure to toxic and essential metals is associated with global (LINE-1) DNA methylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to tobacco smoke and essential metals is linked with metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the joint effect of them on MS in older adults and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This large-scale study measured the urinary concentrations of 8 nicotine metabolites and 8 essential metals in 4564 older adults from Shenzhen, China. The biomarker of insulin resistance, triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), was also calculated. Restricted cubic splines (RCS), Bayesian kernel machine regression and quantile-based g-computation were used to access the single and joint effects of urinary nicotine metabolites and essential metals on MS and insulin resistance. Mediation analysis was performed to investigate the role of TyG in these relationships. Single urinary nicotine metabolite and essential metal had non-linear relationships with MS in RCS. The overall effect of urinary nicotine metabolites and essential metals was positively associated with MS. Urinary zinc (52.2 %) and copper (20.1 %) were the major contributors to MS, whereas molybdenum had a negative association with MS. TyG mediated 64.7 % of the overall effect of urinary nicotine metabolites and essential metals on MS. Overall, the mixture of urinary nicotine metabolites and essential metals had a dose-response relationship with MS. Insulin resistance was as a crucial mediated pathway in this association., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

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In CD-1 mice, gestational-only exposure to cadmium (Cd) causes female-specific hepatic insulin resistance, metabolic disruption, and obesity. To evaluate whether sex differences in uptake and changes in essential metal concentrations contribute to metabolic outcomes, placental and liver Cd and essential metal concentrations were quantified in male and female offspring perinatally exposed to 500 ppb CdCl2. Exposure resulted in increased maternal liver Cd+2 concentrations (364 µg/kg) similar to concentrations found in non-occupationally exposed human liver. At gestational day (GD) 18, placental Cd and manganese concentrations were significantly increased in exposed males and females, and zinc was significantly decreased in females. Placental efficiency was significantly decreased in GD18-exposed males. Increases in hepatic Cd concentrations and a transient prenatal increase in zinc were observed in exposed female liver. Fetal and adult liver iron concentrations were decreased in both sexes, and decreases in hepatic zinc, iron, and manganese were observed in exposed females. Analysis of GD18 placental and liver metallothionein mRNA expression revealed significant Cd-induced upregulation of placental metallothionein in both sexes, and a significant decrease in fetal hepatic metallothionein in exposed females. In placenta, expression of metal ion transporters responsible for metal ion uptake was increased in exposed females. In liver of exposed adult female offspring, expression of the divalent cation importer (Slc39a14/ Zip14) decreased, whereas expression of the primary exporter (Slc30a10 /ZnT10) increased. These findings demonstrate that Cd can preferentially cross the female placenta, accumulate in the liver, and cause lifelong dysregulation of metal ion concentrations associated with metabolic disruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to determine concentration of heavy and trace metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Co, Cd, Pb, As, and Hg) in honey by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Samples passed through wet digestion methods following the optimum digestion condition by applying the reagents (30mL HNO3:30mL H2O2) at temperature of 270oc for 3 hours. The average concentrations of the metals are found in the range of 5.32-28.6 mg/kg for Fe, 0.24-0.749mg/kg for Cu, 0.627-4.401mg/kg Zn, 0.41-3.15mg/kg for Mn, 0.08-0.112 mg/kg for Co, 0.25-0.325mg/kg for Pb, 0.24-0.46mg/kg for As, ND-0.031mg/kg for Hg and 0.02-0.03mg/kg for Cd. This study shows that the honey in the studied area is a good sources of essential metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Co and Zn) as they are found to be in the permissible limit. Moreover, the maximum concentration of the toxic metals determined in this work are below the level of toxicity as per the standard set by WHO/FAO.

Both essential and heavy metals play important roles in human health and diseases. The aim of the present study was to determinate concentrations of essential and heavy metals, such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe, Pb, Zn, and Cd, in the leaves of Mentha longifolia L. and Mentha × piperita L. The plant material samples were collected from six different locations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), at selected distances from heavy metal pollution sources. Wet digestion was applied for the dissolution of samples and essential and heavy metals concentrations were analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and (FAAS). Results of the analysis (expressed as mg g−1) were obtained as follows: Na 2.08–4.12; K 14.85–22.54; Ca 9.06–15.53; Mg 1.93–3.12; Cu 0.01–0.05; Cr 0.70–0.90; Mn 0.02–0.09; Ni 1.10–7.00; Fe 0.06–1.11; Pb 0.10–0.90; Zn 0.01–0.04. The cadmium concentration in all samples was below the detection limit by FAAS. Strong correlation between Ni and Pb, as well as Ni and Fe, confirmed mostly environmental and processing influence/impact. In conclusion, Mentha longifolia L. and Mentha × piperita L. can be used in daily consumption considering the high content of essential metals Fe, Cu, Mg, and Zn, and their beneficial effects on normal body function. In addition, there is no risk of heavy metals to human health after consuming these samples due to lower concentrations.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well-acknowledged pro-inflammatory chemicals, but their associations with blood cell-based inflammatory biomarkers need further investigation. Moreover, the effects and mechanisms of essential metals on PAH-related inflammation remain poorly understood. To elucidate the associations of PAHs on inflammatory biomarkers, as well as the effects and mechanisms of essential metals on these associations. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1388 coke oven workers. We analyzed the modification effects of key essential metal(s) on PAHs-inflammatory biomarkers associations. To explore the possible mechanisms from an inflammation perspective, we performed a bioinformatic analysis on the genes of PAHs and essential metals obtained from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and performed a mediation analysis. We observed associations of PAHs and essential metals with lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) (P < 0.05). PAH mixtures were inversely associated with LMR (β QGC-index = −0.18, P < 0.001), with 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-Pyr) being the most prominent contributor (weight = 63.37 %), whereas a positive association between essential metal mixtures and LMR was observed (β QGC-index = 0.14, P < 0.001), with tin being the most significant contributor (weight = 51.61%). An inverse association of 1-OH-Pyr with LMR was weakened by increased tin exposure (P < 0.05). The CTD database showed that PAHs and tin compounds co-regulated 22 inflammation-associated genes, but they regulated most genes in opposite directions. Further identified the involvement of oxidative stress and mediation analysis showed that the mediation effect of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) on 1-OH-Pyr-LMR association presented heterogeneity between low and high tin tertile groups (I 2 = 37.84%). 1-OH-Pyr and tin were significantly associated with LMR. Modification effects indicated that the inverse association of 1-OH-Pyr with LMR was mitigated with an increase in tin. The mediation effect of 8-OHdG on the inverse association of 1-OH-Pyr with LMR may be partially dependent on tin. [Display omitted] • PAH mixtures were related to decreased LMR, with pyrene contributing the most. • Essential metals had joint effects on elevated LMR, with tin being predominant. • Tin had a modifying effect on pyrene-LMR association. • Pyrene and tin regulated inflammation-related common genes in opposite directions. • 8-OHdG mediated pyrene-LMR association and partially dependent on the dose of tin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]