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The value of generative AI tools in higher education has received considerable attention. Although there are many proponents of its value as a learning tool, many are concerned with the issues regarding academic integrity and its use by students to compose written assessments. This study evaluates and compares the output of three commonly used generative AI tools, ChatGPT, Bing and Bard. Each AI tool was prompted with an essay question from undergraduate (UG) level 4 (year 1), level 5 (year 2), level 6 (year 3) and postgraduate (PG) level 7 biomedical sciences courses. Anonymised AI generated output was then evaluated by four independent markers, according to specifed marking criteria and matched to the Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifcations (FHEQ) of UK level descriptors. Percentage scores and ordinal grades were given for each marking criteria across AI generated papers, inter-rater reliability was calculated using Kendall's coefcient of concordance and generative AI performance ranked. Across all UG and PG levels, ChatGPT performed better than Bing or Bard in areas of scientifc accuracy, scientifc detail and context. All AI tools performed consistently well at PG level compared to UG level, although only ChatGPT consistently met levels of high attainment at all UG levels. ChatGPT and Bing did not provide adequate references, while Bing falsifed references. In conclusion, generative AI tools are useful for providing scientifc information consistent with the academic standards required of students in written assignments. These fndings have broad implications for the design, implementation and grading of written assessments in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen: El presente artículo se plantea como una propedéutica al estudio del cómic ensayo o ensayo gráfico, desde su nacimiento con autoconsciencia hasta la actualidad. Con la voluntad de trazar una genealogía de obras significativas, el artículo incide en aquellos aspectos formales relacionados con estrategias de montaje que resultan relevantes en la forma-ensayo a partir de desarrollos de investigación en el campo del cine. Además, y de manera central, se propone una metodología, basada sobre todo en la iconología de Aby Warburg para el estudio del ensayo como fórmula didáctica y de transmisión de la tradición en el contexto de las formas de no ficción en el cómic. Abstract: This paper serves as an introduction to the study of the graphic essay or comic essay, tracing its evolution from its self-aware inception to the present day. With the intention of establishing a genealogy of significant works, the article emphasizes formal aspects related to montage strategies that are relevant to the essay form, drawing from research developments in the field of cinema. Furthermore, at its core, it proposes a methodology primarily based on Aby Warburg's iconology for the examination of the essay as a didactic formula and a means of transmitting tradition within the context of non-fiction forms in comics. comic; essay; iconology; editing; Aby Warburg.

Resumen: A partir de una aproximación inicial al cómic de no ficción como tipo de historieta de cierta tradición, surgida en el contexto del comix o cómic underground de los 60 (y sus diferentes concreciones posteriores en el cómic periodístico, autobiográfico, etc.), asumimos la posible distinción teórica entre ensayo gráfico y cómic ensayístico, y presentamos en este artículo un estudio de las características esenciales de la obra en viñetas de la autora sueca Liv Strömquist como ensayo postmoderno y feminista; realizamos, además, una justificación curricular de su lectura en las aulas de secundaria y formulamos una propuesta didáctica basada en el análisis previo de la obra titulada La sala de los espejos, con el objetivo principal de estudiar las posibilidades formativas del cómic de no ficción, de tipología argumentativa, en el marco de la educación lectora y literaria en la actualidad. Abstract: In this article, based on an initial approach to non-fiction comics as a type of comic with a certain tradition, emerged in the context of comix or underground comics (and its various genres in journalistic comics, autobiographical comics, etc.), we assume the theoretical distinction between graphic essay and essayistic comic, and we present a study of the essential characteristics of the works by the Swedish author Liv Strömquist as a postmodern and feminist kind of essay. Additionally, we provide a curriculum justification for its reading in secondary school classrooms and formulate a didactic proposal based on the prior analysis of the work titled In the Room of Mirrors, with the main objective of studying the formative possibilities of non-fiction comics, of argumentative typology, within the framework of reading and literary education today.

Resumen: Este artículo pretende plantear una lectura de El museo de Carrión y Sagar a partir del concepto de ensayo gráfico. Este género gráfico-narrativo no ha llamado la atención de la crítica si lo comparamos con un término como novela gráfica; sin embargo, tiene una importante tradición que se remonta a un doble modelo: el trabajo de Pajak y McCloud publicado en los años 90. En este ensayo gráfico emerge una nueva gramática visual que evita el uso sistemático de paneles y diálogos. A lo largo de este libro se sostiene un proceso dialéctico entre el concepto de museo, la noción de ensayo y la importancia del arte considerado como archivo cultural. Abstract: This paper aims to set a reading of Carrion and Sagar´s El museo based on the concept of graphic essay. This graphic-narrative genre has not drawn attention of critics if we compare it with a term such as graphic novel; however, it has an important tradition that can be traced back to a double model: the Pajak and McCloud´s work that has been published in 90´s. In this graphic-essay emerges a new visual grammar that avoids the systematic use of panels and dialogues. A dialectic process among the concept of museum, the notion of the essay and the importance of art considered as cultural archive is held throughout this book.

This work is devoted to the fate of the chapter on A.D. Protopopov, chosen by A. Blok as a work, as part of his official activities in the Extraordinary Commission of Inquiry, for reporting to the Constituent Assembly. A wide range of source material (notebooks, diary, letters to his mother) demonstrates Blok’s attitude towards the last Minister of Internal Affairs. The research concerns the poet’s particular focus on the personality of the disgraced official. The article analyzes documents from Blok’s archive related to his work on the chapter and traces Blok’s parallel work on the chapters “The Last Days of the Tsarist Regime” and “Protopopov.” The article presents, among other things, unknown archival materials from the Manuscript Department of the Pushkin House.

Abstract The value of generative AI tools in higher education has received considerable attention. Although there are many proponents of its value as a learning tool, many are concerned with the issues regarding academic integrity and its use by students to compose written assessments. This study evaluates and compares the output of three commonly used generative AI tools, ChatGPT, Bing and Bard. Each AI tool was prompted with an essay question from undergraduate (UG) level 4 (year 1), level 5 (year 2), level 6 (year 3) and postgraduate (PG) level 7 biomedical sciences courses. Anonymised AI generated output was then evaluated by four independent markers, according to specified marking criteria and matched to the Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications (FHEQ) of UK level descriptors. Percentage scores and ordinal grades were given for each marking criteria across AI generated papers, inter-rater reliability was calculated using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance and generative AI performance ranked. Across all UG and PG levels, ChatGPT performed better than Bing or Bard in areas of scientific accuracy, scientific detail and context. All AI tools performed consistently well at PG level compared to UG level, although only ChatGPT consistently met levels of high attainment at all UG levels. ChatGPT and Bing did not provide adequate references, while Bing falsified references. In conclusion, generative AI tools are useful for providing scientific information consistent with the academic standards required of students in written assignments. These findings have broad implications for the design, implementation and grading of written assessments in higher education.

Review of Essays Triologue: Kepler, Twain, Lewis by Susan Dorman. A collection of essays in support of her creative writing endeavors, this review looks at the thematic and analytical structure of her academic research leading up to her creative writing publications concerning fantastic voyages. Additional Keywords Twain, Mark; Kepler, Johannes, ESSAYS TRIOLOGUE: KEPLER, TWAIN, LEWIS. Susan Dorman. Lulu.com, 2021. 137 p. 9781312422896. $10.58. A collection of essays in support of her creative writing endeavor, the Essays Triologue by Susan Dorman [...]

This paper examines the relationships that emerge in the process of meaning-making in the anthology Writers on artists (Minton, 2001) between photographic portraits of the artists and other images and verbal textual components. The findings demonstrate that as indexes, the photographs of the artists testify to the artists’ real existence; as icons, these photographs contribute to the representation of the artists’ uniqueness. Through these two roles, the artists’ photographic portraits ensure the status of the ekphrasis in the essays as “actual ekphrasis” (in Hollander’s terms). In interaction with the biographical notes, the photographs of the artists highlight their uniqueness. As elements in the multimodal complexes “artist’s photo & artist’s bio”, the artists’ photographs enter into the relationships of similarity and contrast with the writers’ photographs in the multimodal complexes “writer’s photo & writer’s bio”, which are instrumental in creating symbolic dialogic space for the discussion of the works of the visual arts in the essays. Those photographs that are photographs of the artists’ painted or drawn portraits rather than people themselves establish strong semantic links with descriptive ekphrasis. Some of the objects captured in the artists’ photographs can contribute to descriptive ekphrasis. Those photographic portraits that offer psychological characterization of the artists work in synchrony with interpretative ekphrasis. The photographs that can symbolically evoke schemata of knowledge which have high relevance for ekphrastic interpretations and metaekphrastic discussions strongly support meanings generated in the essays. The photographs that are likely to be interpreted symbolically contribute most significantly to the meaning-making in the essays.

There is a pressing need for professional Indonesian language teachers to enhance the learning experience for foreign speakers. This study focuses on examining language errors in BIPA (Indonesian for Foreign Speakers) learners' essay writing, particularly in terms of punctuation placement, sentence structure, word choice, and the factors contributing to these errors. A qualitative method with a case study approach was employed, utilizing data collection techniques such as document analysis and Voice Note (VN) recordings via WhatsApp. The primary data sources included essays from BIPA students in Timor Leste and voice recordings of BIPA teachers in Timor Leste. The study identified several language errors in the students' essays, including improper use of punctuation, incorrect word choice, and ineffective sentence structure. The researchers also uncovered several factors causing these errors: language and cultural gaps, insufficient learning resources and teaching staff, and inadequacies in the curriculum and foreign language learning policies. The implications of the research findings for BIPA learning are significant. To improve learning outcomes, it is essential to make learning resources more engaging and accessible. Additionally, addressing the gap between the targeted curriculum and student needs can be achieved by regularly evaluating and adjusting the language learning curriculum. Providing training to teachers and facilitating educators with a strong background in Indonesian language education are crucial steps to help BIPA students overcome their learning difficulties. These measures will contribute to a more effective and supportive learning environment for BIPA students.

The paper analyzes the novel Most and the essay Iskaz poneblja written on the occasion of the novel Grozdana's giggle by Hamza Hume from Jasmina Musabegović's oeuvre. In these texts, the writer expressed her attachment to the South - Herzegovina, Mostar and Stari Most. With that, she joined the poets of the "city poetry" of Mostar, who promoted it as our most sung city. The heroine/writer self-expresses female subjectivity in the manner of female writing. Reminiscences and associations of the experience of luxuriant nature, the wild Neretva, the bridge's arch and white stone buildings, as well as the architecture and culture of mahal life and the cultural identity of the people and the city emerge.

The paper analyses the essayistic discourse of Jasmina Musabegović with a focus on her second and last book of such procédé, Naličje historije (The Reverse Side of History) (1999), without neglecting her early essayistic work compiled in her first book of essays, The Secret and the Meaning of a Literary Work (1977). Since the literary criticism and essayistic work of this author, on the one hand, and her literary and artistic work, on the other, are closely related and interwoven with seemingly contradictory but identical ideologemes, for a more complete insight, her micro-essays that make up fabric of her novels are occasionally taken into consideration in the analysis. The conclusion reached shows that the author’s later literary critique essays, i.e. those that the author wrote during and after the recent war, where the intimate intertwines with the universal and meets a multitude of opposing pairs as well as occasional paroxysms conditioned by a change in life experience, represent a specific, fluid essayistic discourse that can be characterized by the newly coined phrase “women’s essay”.

Literary journalism offers a way to convey the truth of real-life events and issues in a more engaging and emotionally impactful manner than traditional news reporting. It bridges the gap between storytelling and journalism, appealing to audiences who seek both the depth of factual reporting and the immersive experience of narrative storytelling. Like any other type of journalism, it has its own features, to which belong immersion, text specific structure, accuracy in presenting content, voice or personal perspective. The purpose of the study is to consider one of storytelling’s techniques, narrative, which covers the plot of the story, its characters, setting, topics and the author’s point of view. The research is based on the ana- lysis of the essays, opinions and reportages as typical examples of narratives in literary journalism. Contextual analysis of political narrative and social-psychological narrative, which are often found in analytical or rational journalism, aims at extracting information of social, political, historical, and culture-specific character. Stylistic analysis of the considered texts gave us possibility to visualize the examples of emotively charged words and stylistic devices. Qualitative content analysis shows that most vividly narrative communication is seen in such journalistic messages, as an essay, opinion, and reportage. Each narrative has a purpose, which dictates the narrative techniques.

The authors investigate the problem of reflecting the Caucasian local wars of the turn of the XX and XXI centuries in the essays by E. Goryukhina included in the books “The teachers journey to the Caucasus” and “Don’t divide us, Lord, don’t divide us”. The purpose of the study is to analyze the author’s disclosure of the peculiarities of interethnic relations during military conflicts in the Caucasus and to identify the value meanings of the lessons of the events that took place. As a methodological basis, a literary analysis of the content and form of the texts studied, a comparative analysis of documentary-historical and essay literature is chosen. The genre originality of E. Goryukhina’s essays is substantiated, the author's position on the raised problem and the position of the peoples involved in the military conflict are identified, the alienness of war to the genuine interests of the people is shown, the mental features of the concept of “Caucasian man” are revealed, the influence of war on the specifics of historically formed national relations between the peoples of the Caucasus, the Caucasus and Russia is discovered. Conclusions are drawn about the high importance of E. Goryukhina’s essays for understanding the humanistic psychology of the Caucasian peoples and establishing mutual understanding between peoples, for overcoming stereotypes. The complexity and depth of historically formed relations between ethnic groups requiring consideration and careful preservation are disclosed.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the process of reading shown from different perspectives in Olga Tokarczuk's essay Palec w soli, czyli Krótka historia mojego czytania (A Finger in the Salt, or A Short History of My Reading). The authors examine how the writer understands the process of reading, how she captures the category of the reader, and what role the imagination of the recipient plays in this process. They seek answers to questions such as what the history of the Nobel laureate’s reading is, how she describes the process considered “the miracle of reading,” and which literary works shaped her as a reader, a writer, or a person who discovers successive layers of the world through reading. The article portrays reading as an interweaving of primordial dichotomies: reading as a skill and process in human development versus reading as a process in the life of a writer; and of secondary dichotomies involving different criteria: age, gender, text type, and reader. As a result of the use of lexical-stylistic instrumentation, linguistic means of expression that sometimes form surprising combinations have been analyzed, making the text appear, to use a metaphor, as a kind of mosaic composed of different words and meanings that form a coherent and stimulating whole. The analysis shows that the mosaic character of the text manifests at its various levels. Olga Tokarczuk speaks about reading in scientific, popular and erudite language, with idiolectal elements and those belonging to the emotional register of everyday language. The distinction of unusual, even surprising collocation combinations and metaphors is an expression of the writer's creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essay (jostar in Persian) is a prose that is not considered a literary genre due to its intermediate and indefinite nature, though it is an artistic writing based on everyday life. Essay is considered the result of the dialectic of science and art and the interface between knowledge and life, though is far from both the style of systematic academic articles and the popular writings. Essay is a special form of writing freedom that is unrestricted but holds a kind of internal order and structure. Literary essays may have a tone that can be called a rhetorical voice. Taking a descriptive-analytical approach, this study tried to find the characteristics of rhetorical voice in Shahrokh Meskoub’s essays on Shahnameh. The results showed that in his essays (formal and informal), Meskoub shaped the form of his work according to his perspective on the subject matter of writing. His writing style in each work are different from the other. The variety of style and tone in Meskoub’s essays indicates the fluidity of the essay style and the creative idiosyncrasy of the author as n essayist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much of organizational scholarship to date has rested on the assumption that the organizations at which individuals work are centerpieces of their experiences. In this essay, we argue for a shift in perspective—namely, the de-centering of work organizations. We develop the lens of organizations as enablers of life and elaborate ways in which this perspective shift may appropriately re-orient organizational scholarship to account for a wider range of experiences at work in order to move our field forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Educación is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the impact of the Post-Impressionist Exhibition that Roger Fry organized in London in 1910 on Virginia Woolf's ideas on the novel. Her dissatisfaction with the state of the genre finds expression in her diary and in her criticism of the work of the Edwardian novelists. Jacob's Room (1922), her first truly experimental novel, deploys some of the painterly techniques that the post-impressionist painters and vanguard movements of the 1910s effected. It represents a decisive step in her search for a new form for a new novel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Originally created as the artifact (and badge requirement) for the March Teaching Circle, this essay offers insight into one essay writer’s worst fear: Will AI create a better essay than I could? Rather than merely wonder and create doom scenarios, author Rhonda Baughman embarks on a journey exploring several basic prompts for several GenAI tools in preparation to create her essay for issue 23 of Girls, On Film. After a lengthy introduction, filled with several of humorous and divergent footnotes, a distinct trait of Baughman’s essay and review writing style for the last decade for numerous publications such as Girls, On Film as well as Medium Chill, Exploitation Nation; and Grindhouse Purgatory. An overview contains several surprises for both author and reader and the essay also includes an analysis of the essays generated, the GenAI created responses themselves, and Baughman’s originally published essay. Overall, the essay clearly demonstrated why GenAI is here to help and not replace and why human writing still matters.

The present text establishes a narrative of the filmmaking process by the authors of Facts of life. A film developed with 18 hours of video from Gilles Deleuze's courses at the University of Vincennes (1975-76). A working material taped by Marielle Burkhalter as part of her Master Project "film thoght in its becoming".

Diana Wechsler’s curatorial essay entitled “Images between reality and utopia. Art and history in Argentina” offers a penetrating gaze into two centuries of artistic production in this southern country. In her history, Wechsler reconciles the encompassing whole with the sharpness of each episode that comprises the book of charts with which she invokes Aby Warburg’s figure. Rather than a replication of her approach, the following words refer to provisional answers that —as I consider myself politically a historian— I have reached through my doctoral research of the relations between art and politics in Argentina from the 1960s until the 2001 crisis —two of the moments that Wechsler examines more closely. I do not think I am mistaken if I say that they are possible answers to shared questions. Even on the basis of a general coincidence of our viewpoints, I hope that their presentation will either arouse dialogue or else humbly complement the ideas so solidly expressed in Wechsler’s text.

Peter Platt. Shakespeare's Essays: Sampling Montaigne from Hamlet to The Tempest. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2020. Pp. * + 198. $110.00 cloth, $24.95 paper, $110.00 eBook. Peter Platt's compelling new [...]

N. Steinhardt, the author of Jurnalul fericirii [The Diary of Happiness], was not only an exquisite intellectual colporteur, but also an erudite essayist of astonishing spontaneity, who gave his intellectual discourse a remarkable cultural breadth, which places him in the same spiritual family as Alexandru Odobescu, Paul Zarifopol, Mihail Ralea, Alexandru Paleologu or Andrei Pleșu. In spite of the diversity of the themes addressed, the essays of the later monk of Rohia preserve a basic unity, revealed in a coherent modus cogitandi and a defensive ethos, intended to protect individual freedom through recourse to modesty and to what Paleologu called common sense as paradox. Reading Steinhardt’s essays is also a powerful antidote to laziness of thought, offering the reader the chance to escape from the narrow horizon of commonplaces. Leaving aside the prison memorial and the texts on religious subjects, which are permeated by the same essayistic vein, we highlighted the fact that Steinhardt understood literary criticism as an ingenious creative activity, polemically anti-positivist, susceptible to new and surprising cultural analogies, incessantly pleading for the rehabilitation of subjectivity, emotion and feeling as essential factors in the process of knowledge, from the perspective of a fundamental humanism drawing from Montaigne’s tradition.

The purpose of the study was to explore the implications of the articulation gap on Grade 6 EFAL learners’ essay writing skills. A qualitative approach was followed with a Case study research design. The research paradigm used in this study was the interpretive paradigm. Purposive sampling was used to select 18 English First Additional Language (EFAL) teachers in 3 primary schools at Malamulele Central Circuit. Document analysis, focus group interviews and lesson observation were used to collect data. Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, the Garrison theory of teaching essay writing and the strength-based approach were aligned with the interpretivist paradigm. The study found that EFAL learners are unable to write essays that are academically acceptable in terms of the stipulated standard in the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) document. Such an articulation gap results in a difficult transition from the foundation to the intermediate phase which has contributed to the high failure rate in Grade 6. The study concluded and recommended that the curriculum during transitioning from the foundation to the intermediate phase (Grade 6) should be revised and the Teaching and Learning Language (TLL) in the Foundation Phase should be English in order to build a strong foundation. This research study is of practical importance to various sectors of the South African education system and abroad as it contributes invaluable information to curriculum developers and implementers within the education department and to the entire stakeholders in the schooling system.

This essay seeks to problematize the effect of citation norms on writing, based on Helen DeWitt's novel The Last Samurai. It begins with a reflection on intellectual work and its relation to writing, and then moves on to a reading of DeWitt's novel and comments on its arduous publication process. A process that was contested by the intervention of editors and proofreaders who constantly altered his use of typography in order to standardize it. The aim here, thanks to DeWitt's battle, is to account for the importance of developing a critical imagination for the humanities that puts non-standardized writing and thinking at the center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Field Education (IJOFE) is the property of International Journal of Field Education (IJOFE) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Orbis Tertius is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Pedagogical Sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study aimed to determine how well CEFR-based writing instruction affects students' ability to write essays in Arabic. A single-group experimental design was used in this study. The research sample included approximately 50 students participating in essay writing courses. A random sample was carried out for obtaining data using tests, documents, and observations. Paired sample t-test was used to analyze the data. The study results suggest that the CEFR-based model material can improve Arabic essay writing relatively easily. Since t-Stat < t-table (-25.189 < 2.0095), H0 is refuted according to the t-test, and H1 is accepted. It indicates that teaching materials are suitable for classroom use and positively impact students' Arabic writing skills. The post-test results showed that based on the data distribution, the highest score was 90, and the lowest was 60. Most students now receive grades between 85 and 88. The results of this study provide educators and academic institutions with a better understanding of how to create relevant, student-centered teaching materials that impact students' language skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, technological advances have significantly transformed educational practices. The development and adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots in education have recently generated widespread interest from teachers and students. In this context, this research aimed to evaluate the potential of AI resources as an auxiliary instrument in improving dissertation-argumentative essays prepared by second-year high school students on Ecology. This is qualitative research, specifically of the action research type, conducted through three stages. The results show that chatbots can be used as complementary resources in the classroom, in addition to having the potential to optimize the construction of knowledge. Finally, it was observed that chatbots were able to facilitate the application of content and make assessments more engaging and productive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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From a hermeneutic interpretation, this article analyzed the new psychic pandemic configuring a typology of psychopolitical man, provided by digital swarms and mass psychology, that, from logotherapy, can be perceived as a postmodern collective neurosis. We also analyze a self's hyper-reflection as a social phenomenon of psychopolitics, suffering as repression, and the love of narcissistic consumption. Consolidating a sense of life as a social ethos is the answer to finding compromises and responsibility for the individual mission that every human being has as a member of a community and society.

Between Narrative and Essay. The Self as a Space of Reconciliation in Comics. Mainstream comics models have been usually understood as fictional narrative. However, the development of graphic novel and popular science comics have pointed out basic autobiographical and essayistic aspects. Often, these books reveal themselves as healing and might be labeled as graphic medicine or, at least, might be seen as an space where the self can be happily reconciled with the other, through the recognition of shared circumstances.

This is Part III of a three-part forum published in this issue. Part I is the 'Executive Summary' and 'Introduction' of The Alliance for California Traditional Arts' Tending the Taproot: Opportunities to Support Folk & Traditional Arts in the United States report by Amy Kitchener, Shweta Saraswat-Sullivan, and Lily Kharrazi, published in December 2022, Part II is a summary of the Living Cultural Heritage and the Traditional and Folk Arts in the Nonprofit Sector report by Carole Rosenstein, Mirae Kim, and Neville Vakharia. Part III is a forum of essays in response to the two reports, by people with diverse engagement with and perspectives on the data and findings: Tayshu Bommelyn, Martha Gonzalez, Debora Kodish, Selina Morales, Elizabeth Peterson, Langston Collin Wilkins, and Andrew Zitcer. Keywords: (from the AFS Ethnographic Thesaurus), public folklore, philanthropy, community, nonprofit organizations, Introduction to the Forum The Alliance for California Traditional Arts (ACTA) published a report in December 2022, Tending the Taproot: Opportunities to Support Folk & Traditional Arts in the United [...]