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This study introduces a pedagogical framework incorporating multiliteracies, a new literacy concept proposed by the New London Group (1996, A pedagogy of multiliteracies: Designing social futures. Harvard Educational Review, 66(1), 60–92. https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.66.1.17370n67v22j160u), and glocalised marketing, the adaptation of marketing strategies to fit local markets, within an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) setting. The article first reviews ESP research that adopts a multimodal approach and outlines the main features of a multimodal pedagogical framework, which is then expanded to encompass a pedagogy of multiliteracies and glocalised marketing for an English for advertising and marketing curriculum. In doing so, the framework is further connected with disciplinary literacy, a subject-specific skill set combining knowledge construction and language communication that can be cultivated through the pedagogy. The study presents findings from multimodal projects and surveys completed by 28 university students from a university in Taiwan. Using case study analysis, the study investigates the effectiveness of the pedagogical framework in promoting multimodal meaning-making practices and assesses participants’ perceptions of the learning benefits of this approach. The study hopes to provide pedagogical insights for ESP teachers to cultivate learners’ communicative competence in a digitalised and globalised society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: In the field language, teaching written corrective feedback (WCF) has attracted considerable attention as a beneficial pedagogical technique. The present study aimed to determine the short-term and long-term effectiveness of WCF strategies for ameliorating English for specific purposes (ESP) nursing students' writing ability in English nursing reports. Materials & Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the researcher employed convenience sampling to select 93 intermediate-level learners from three intact classes at a university of medical sciences in Iran as participants based on their results on the Oxford Placement Test. The researcher then assigned these classes to three experimental groups, including direct WCF, indirect WCF, and meta-linguistic WCF groups. He administered a writing pre-test to all groups. Subsequently, each of these groups received their pertinent WCF treatment in 10 sessions. Following the completion of the treatment, a post-test was administered to all of the groups. The researcher conducted a follow-up test one month after the post-test. Finally, SPSS 24 was used to analyze the data. Results: The results highlighted the fact that the meta-linguistic WCF proved more effective than the direct and indirect WCF strategies (p < 0.05. Furthermore, the direct WCF strategy had a more positive effect on the ESP nursing students' writing ability in comparison with the indirect WCF strategy (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results may provide the ESP teacher educators, syllabus designers, and instructors guiding principles regarding the use of WCF in ESP nursing students' writing courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Currently, antibiotic-resistant strains of Enterococcus are considered to be one of the critical health challenges globally. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, biofilm formation capacity, and virulence genes of enterococci isolated from different sources. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, environmental and fecal samples were collected from the hospital environment, volunteers, and hospital staff from October 2018 to August 2019. The isolates were identified by morphological and biochemical tests (gram staining, catalase, bile resistance, esculin hydrolysis, carbohydrate fermentation, growth in 6.5% NaCl, Pyrrolidonyl arylamidase, arginine dehydrolase), and PCR for ddl gene. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the standard disk agar diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Quantitative microplate assays were used to assess biofilm production. The bacterial DNAs were extracted by alkaline lysis method and polymerase chain reaction technique was used detect the esp, ace, and efaA virulence genes. Results: Out of 145 isolates, 84 (57.9%) were identified as E. faecalis and 61 (42.1%) as E. faecium. Resistance to kanamycin and quinupristin-dalfopristin was 82.1% (69/84) and 85.7% (72/84), respectively, in E. faecalis isolates. Out of 61 E. faecalis isolates, 38 (62.4%) were resistant to kanamycin. Among the E. faecalis isolates, esp was the most dominant virulence gene (73.80%), followed by efaA, and ace, which were detected in 60.71%, and 30.95% isolates, respectively. In total, 68.27% of the strains were biofilm producers. Further, esp and efaA genes were more frequently found among E. faecalis strains with moderate and strong biofilm biomass. Conclusions: According to the findings of our study, enterococci strains isolated from different samples possess distinctive patterns of virulence genes. The esp, ace, and efaA genes were more prevalent among E. faecalis than E. faecium. Besides, the high level antibiotic resistance of normal flora and environmental enterococci strains is alarming the researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation for hydrogen storage in armchair single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with decoration of osmium atom on the surface of tube has been done using ab-initio method utilizing Density Functional Theory (DFT). In the present work, single/dual osmium atoms decoration on the surface of SWCNTs (5,5) has been investigated regarding the effects on structural, electronic and thermodynamic properties. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) i.e. HOMO and LUMO structures and electrostatic potential surfaces (ESP) of all geometrically optimized and stable species are studied. Investigations regarding metal-metal clustering are carried out by calculating diffusion barrier energy for osmium atoms and atomistic molecular dynamic simulations performed at 300°K temperature for 1ps. It is found that osmium decoration on SWCNTs enhances the hydrogen storage capacity via spillover mechanism. It is observed that the adsorption energy per hydrogen molecule in case of Pristine SWCNT is -0.001eV, which is increased with decoration of osmium atoms and finally found to be -0.575eV/H 2 in case of single osmium decorated SWCNT (Os-CNT) and -0.681eV/H 2 due to double osmium decoration on SWCNT (2Os-CNT). This study reveals gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity of 1.32 wt% and 2.53 wt% for Os-CNT and 2Os-CNT respectively at 298.15 K temperature and 10 atm pressure. Average Van't Hoff desorption temperature for osmium decorated SWCNTs are also calculated. • Hydrogen storage via spillover mechanism. • Electronically, structurally and thermodynamically stable hydrogen storage process. • Enhancement in hydrogen storage capacity due to decoration of double osmium on the surface of armchair SWCNT. • 2.53 wt% of gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity is observed for dual osmium decorated SWCNTs. • Molecular dynamic simulations (ADMP) ensure the solidity of material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores intralinguistic communicative mediation in an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) online journal writing to enhance professional development through the co-construction of meaning. It accentuates research gaps specific to learning English in the field of law under the approach of collaborative Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) and the Vygotskian pedagogical model of semiotic mediation with tools. The online journal writing allowed learners not only to engage in the discussions but to develop cognitive messages expressed at levels B1+/B2 of the Common European Framework of References for Languages (CEFR). The 69 participants were ESP students of English Law, a compulsory subject in a professional accredited university master's degree in law, needed to work in Spain. The findings revealed that the three main strategies for knowledge building and intraliguistic communicative mediation were: linking to previous knowledge (class content or other), adapting the language, and breaking down complicated information. Moreover, the collaborative journal writing reinforced students' accuracy on expert vocabulary learning through purpose-driven mediation of texts, concepts, and communication in the context of law. Further results indicated that collaborative journal writing was an effective pedagogical tool to make meaning for ESP through different interactive affordances of mediation (linguistic, cultural, social, pedagogical, and professional) by comparing legal contexts from Spain, the United Kingdom and United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While pre-service teachers' beliefs about different dimensions of English language teaching have been widely researched, little is known about their beliefs related to English for Specific Purposes (ESP). This article reports on three Vietnamese pre-service teachers' beliefs about ESP teaching, captured over a six-month period. Data from semi-structured interviews, stimulated recall interviews, observations, and reflective journals were collected at two critical points in the teacher education programme: the methodology course and the practicum. The findings add fresh insights into pre-service teachers' beliefs, particularly how these beliefs may change over time. The three case studies presented in this paper illustrate how participants developed their beliefs. The six belief changes identified are then discussed in terms of levels (from no to significant change) and the underlying motives. Implications are also discussed for teacher educators in designing or improving teacher education programmes and for researchers interested in pre-service teachers' belief change. • Beliefs of pre-service English for Specific Purposes teachers change in six ways. • Fluctuation, as a belief change, is a new contribution to the literature. • Belief change categories differ in their degree of stability or changeability. • Belief changes are impacted by the consistency of existing beliefs and new input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on the needs analysis and perspectives in evaluating English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses designed for medical students. The study intends to identify the medical students' perceptions of the frequency and importance of using English language skills. Two different instruments, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, were used to collect data. Respondents included 186 medical students, 4 ESP lecturers, and 10 Department of Medicine (DM) Subject Matter lecturers at Ibb University in Yemen. In this study, quantitative data were collected from three different subject groups (n=200) by means of three versions of the questionnaire. Correspondingly, some follow-up interviews, which were organised with a group of these three informants (n=29), complemented the data collection procedure. The collected data was analysed via the SPSS software package, followed by a qualitative data thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews. The findings showed some differences in which medical students believed the most frequent skills used are Listening and Reading, while their ESP and DM Subject Matter lecturers believed that medical students use Writing and Listening. The results revealed that although most of the English language skills and sub-skills in target needs were considered important or very important by all the participants, there were discrepancies in the preferences and priorities. The findings of this study are expected to be used as reference material for further research and give valuable considerations which may provide useful information for the ESP course designers to meet the target English needs of medical students in Yemen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explores the integration of linguistic landscapes into English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instruction within the context of contemporary Serbia, aiming to expand language awareness, lingua-pragmatic competence, and critical thinking among learners. Against the backdrop of Anglo-globalisation, the study seeks to establish a model applicable to foreign language teaching, with a focus on language contacts and their impact on the linguistic landscape. The research employs a comprehensive sociolinguistic analysis of the linguistic landscape in Serbia, investigating the anglicisation of official names of entities such as companies, shops, and agencies. The study scrutinises the corpus of linguistic landscapes to identify patterns and socio-linguistic phenomena, developing a model for integrating these landscapes into ESP instruction. The methodology encompasses qualitative and quantitative analyses, drawing on language data and sociolinguistic observations. The key research questions concern the identification of distinctive features within the sociolinguistic landscape of contemporary Serbia, particularly in relation to English language influences, the effective utilisation of linguistic landscapes as a teaching resource in ESP courses to cultivate language awareness and lingua-pragmatic competence, and the implications that the incorporation of linguistic landscapes has on cultivating critical thinking regarding language contacts in the broader sociolinguistic context. The research has identified significant instances of anglicisation in the linguistic landscape of Serbia, having highlighted the pervasive influence of English in specialised fields and popular language culture. The model proposed for ESP instruction has demonstrated the potential of linguistic landscapes in enhancing language competencies, language awareness, and creative thinking among learners. The findings suggest that linguistic landscapes serve as a valuable resource for language educators, particularly in ESP contexts as they provide a dynamic platform for language instruction. Incorporating linguistic landscapes can contribute to preserving language standards, addressing the challenges posed by language contacts, and nurturing critical thinking skills among learners. The study’s model offers a paradigm applicable to teaching various foreign languages, promoting a better understanding of language influences in the contemporary multilingual world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ESP has been around for plenty of time now to allow us to observe the evolution in both its scope and the teaching methodology employed, depending on the context where it is taught. The variety of purposes, learners and formats has certainly contributed to a diversification in approaches that teachers and trainers employ in order to achieve their most significant goal: fulfilling the learners’ language needs, as they lie at the basis of teaching ESP. This paper will provide an overview of relevant literature in the field, in order to identify the latest trends and discuss how they apply to teaching ESP (specifically BE) at university level. Hopefully, it will paint a clear picture of what lies ahead for teaching professionals and how they can better adapt to the requirements of today’s fast-paced, technologized world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This meta-analysis is an update of Storm, Tressoldi, and Di Risio (2012); a meta-analysis on forced-choice ESP studies (1987 to 2010), which use targets such as card symbols, pictures, and letters. We formed two datasets: New Studies #1 (studies that included actual hit rates) and New Studies #2 (Reaction Time [‘RT’] Studies; which are studies that measured only reaction time, not hits, as indicators of psi responses). New Studies #1: For the period 2011 to 2022, a homogeneous dataset of 38 studies yielded a mean effect size (ES) of 0.02 (Stouffer Z = 5.55, p = 1.43 × 10–8). New Studies #2 (‘RT’ Studies): For the same period, a homogeneous dataset of 23 studies yielded a weaker mean ES of 0.01 (Stouffer Z = 5.50, p = 1.90 × 10–8). The two databases were combined. In this dataset, telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition studies were not significantly different from each other. Nor were target types. We updated the forced-choice database by combining our revised original database with the new studies to form a homogeneous database (N = 141): mean effect size (ES) of 0.02 (Stouffer Z = 8.52, p < 10-16). Effects did not vary between investigators or laboratories, and we found a near-significant incline in ES values over a 36-year period (i.e., no evidence of a decline). These results confirm that the forced-choice design adequately tests extra-sensory perception (ESP). We compare the overall results with those obtained in other domains, focusing on ‘selected’ participants (meditators, psychics, psi-test experienced) and ‘unselected’ (i.e., untrained, naïve) participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An accurate description of the metal flow behavior during wedge zone deformation is key to the stability of the endless strip production rolling process. To predict the flatness distribution based on the law of volume invariance, a flatness calculation model of the wedge zone during the flying gauge change (FGC) process was established by considering the metal transverse flow. Furthermore, the effect of different rolling parameters on the flow of metal in the wedge zone was investigated using a combination of this model with a 3D finite element model. In addition, the influences of the reduction rate, roll crown, and friction coefficient on the flatness and metal lateral flow were analyzed and discussed. Finally, the numerical results provided by the finite element model were compared with the computed results of the flatness distribution to illustrate the effectiveness and stability of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enterococcus faecalis is one of the main pathogens that causes hospital-acquired infections because it is intrinsically resistant to some antibiotics and often is capable of biofilm formation, which plays a critical role in resisting the external environment. Therefore, attacking biofilms is a potential therapeutic strategy for infections caused by E. faecalis. Current research indicates that diacerein used in the treatment of osteoarthritis showed antimicrobial activity on strains of gram-positive cocci in vitro. In this study, we tested the MICs of diacerein using the broth microdilution method, and successive susceptibility testing verified that E. faecalis is unlikely to develop resistance to diacerein. In addition, we obtained a strain of E. faecalis HE01 with strong biofilm-forming ability from an eye hospital environment and demonstrated that diacerein affected the biofilm development of HE01 in a dose-dependent manner. Then, we explored the mechanism by which diacerein inhibits biofilm formation through qRT-PCR, extracellular protein assays, hydrophobicity assays and transcriptomic analysis. The results showed that biofilm formation was inhibited at the initial adhesion stage by inhibition of the expression of the esp gene, synthesis of bacterial surface proteins and reduction in cell hydrophobicity. In addition, transcriptome analysis showed that diacerein not only inhibited bacterial growth by affecting the oxidative phosphorylation process and substance transport but also inhibited biofilm formation by affecting secondary metabolism, biosynthesis, the ribosome pathway and luxS expression. Thus, our findings provide compelling evidence for the substantial therapeutic potential of diacerein against E. faecalis biofilms. Key Points: Diacerein hinders the growth of E. faecalis and does not easily induce drug resistance. Diacerein inhibits biofilm formation of E. faecalis at the initial adhesion stage. Diacerein reduces the expression of the esp and LuxS genes and affects protein synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parapsychology is on the forefront of scientific research, but certainly draws much debate around the academic world. But we cannot accept the blind denial of so-called skeptics. In China, parapsychology is the study of mainly special people and their special functions. In this article, we present findings from recent Chinese research in parapsychology. We report on the psi potential of blind children and the alleged paranormal abilities of Yang De-Gui, Chen Qui-Shi, and others. We also discuss some key findings presented at three parapsychology conferences at Kunming, China, that suggest psi experimentation can be carried out using scientific instruments. Though the functions of these special people vary with age, most appear stable and repeatable. Chinese parapsychology can be viewed in context with China’s rich traditional culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two full-scale electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) were tested at a commercial poultry egg production facility to assess their particulate matter (PM) removal capabilities. The smaller indoor ESP had an airflow treatment area of 0.371 m2 and operated at 26 kV, resulting in mean PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and total suspended particulates (TSP) removal efficiencies of 79.6% ± 5.7%, 92.7% ± 4.4%, and 94.6% ± 2.0%, respectively. The respective mean PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and TSP removal efficiencies for the larger exhaust ESP, which had an airflow treatment area of 0.767 m2 and was operated at 40 kV, were 93.6% ± 5.0%, 94.0% ± 5.0%, and 94.7% ± 4.4%. The indoor ESP showed greater PM 2.5 and PM 10 removal efficiencies in warm weather, whilst cold weather resulted in higher removal efficiencies for the exhaust ESP. The indoor ESP exhibited greater PM 2.5 removal efficiencies throughout the afternoon, while PM removal efficiencies were lower during the afternoon for the exhaust ESP. Previously developed empirical models to predict weighted ESP PM removal efficiencies were calibrated to field data and successfully validated. The indoor ESP featured an initial cost of US$7,095 and an estimated annual operating cost of US$120, with a system of ESPs to treat recirculated air costing US$16,765 annually. For the exhaust ESP, the initial cost per unit was US$8,610, with an estimated annual operating cost of US$123 per unit or US$23,631 for a system of ESPs to treat exhaust air for the entire facility. Significant further research is required to quantitatively assess potential cost effectiveness for systems of multiple ESPs installed at commercial poultry facilities. • Indoor and exhaust ESPs were tested for PM removal at a commercial poultry facility. • The smaller indoor ESP removed 79.6% of PM 2.5 , 92.7% of PM 10 , and 94.6% of TSP. • The larger exhaust ESP removed 93.6% of PM 2.5 , 94.0% of PM 10 , and 94.7% of TSP. • A system of 60 indoor ESPs would cost US$425,000 initially and US$7185 annually. • A system of 88 exhaust ESPs would cost US$757,680 initially and US$10,831 annually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Particulate matter (PM) emissions significantly impact air quality in poultry production facilities. Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) have been identified as a potentially effective technology for poultry PM mitigation. However, the design and optimisation of full-scale ESPs for PM mitigation in poultry facilities requires further study. An ESP with a cross-sectional airflow area of 0.371 m2 designed for installation inside a poultry facility (indoor ESP), and an ESP with a cross-sectional airflow area of 0.767 m2 designed for installation after the exhaust fans (exhaust ESP) were developed and tested in a laboratory setting. A wind tunnel with a custom-built dust generator was used to test each ESP across a range of air velocities (0.5–2.0 m s−1), total suspended PM concentrations (0.15–2.0 mg m−3), and applied voltages (24–32 kV for indoor ESP, 38–46 kV for exhaust ESP). The optimised operating conditions for the indoor ESP were an air velocity of 1.5 m s−1 and an applied voltage of 26 kV, resulting in PM 2.5 and PM 10 removal efficiencies of 90.3% ± 3.3% and 93.1% ± 2.7%, respectively, with a specific corona power (SCP) of 0.0510 ± 0.0021 W m−3 h1. The exhaust ESP was optimised to operate at 1.5 m s−1 and 40 kV, resulting in respective PM 2.5 and PM 10 removal efficiencies of 98.2% ± 0.5% and 98.9% ± 0.3%, and an SCP of 0.0301 ± 0.0018 W m−3 h1. The indoor and exhaust ESPs performed sufficiently to proceed with field evaluations in a commercial poultry facility. • Indoor and exhaust ESP for poultry PM control tested using flour in a wind tunnel. • Indoor ESP showed optimal performance at 26 kV and an air velocity of 1.5 m s−1. • Exhaust ESP exhibited maximum PM removal efficiencies at 40 kV and 1.5 m s−1. • Indoor ESP removed up to 90.3% of flour PM 2.5 and up to 93.1% of flour PM 10. • Exhaust ESP removed up to 98.2% of flour PM 2.5 and up to 98.9% of flour PM 10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flipped classroom approach has been extensively adopted in STEM disciplines, while little empirical evidence has been found in language teaching and learning, especially in the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) context. This quasi-experimental study aimed to explore how the flipped classroom approach affected non-English majors' self-efficacy, study process, and learning performance in English learning. An 18-week semester-long flipped approach with pre-class materials and in-class interactive activities was implemented in a university ESP class in Taiwan. The results showed that the experimental group attained significantly higher self-efficacy, and outperformed the control group on the examinations. Moreover, the flipped approach promoted learners' higher-level skills and enabled them to scrutinize new ideas critically and connect them to their existing cognitive structures, and make numerous associations between ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in educational technology offer many opportunities in the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) classroom: the development of students' motivation and autonomy; the integration and evolution of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) with the emergence of different types of online learning tasks; or the concern of students' Perceptual Learning Styles in multimodal environments. This study investigates new generations' perceptual learning preferences and how digital tendencies may influence students' academic achievement after the implementation of an online task (i.e., 'Lesson'). An experimental (n=150) and a control group (n=21), from the first year of the bachelor's degree in Law at a Spanish university participated in this study. Four stages were followed: (1) 'Perceptual Learning Styles' Questionnaire' completion, (2) 'Lesson' performance, (3) online exam implementation, and (4) data analysis. After the intervention, results indicate the presence of the 'Multimodal' learning style and high levels of academic achievement of multimodal students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, science dissemination has moved from printed to digital formats, and digital genres such as free access videos, along with their own multimodal characteristics (e.g. image, audio, movement, among others) are particularly relevant in order to meet 21st century users' (i.e., digital natives) learning needs (Prensky, 2017) and to make them aware of the use of the multimodal traits. However, only a few studies can be found on the use of videos for the dissemination of research in ESP teaching as learning resources in Higher Education (HE) contexts, nor have the multimodal connections embedded in videos which contribute to the engagement of their users been taken into account (Valeiras-Jurado & Bernad-Mechó, 2022). Considering a communicative multimodal procedure in the digital era (Kress, 2010), the objective of this research is to identify the criteria that ESP teachers take into account when selecting this type of video for their courses, as well as the multimodal characteristics of these videos that can be identified and taken into consideration in the classroom. To attain our aim, a questionnaire will be distributed to 10 ESP teachers asking about the criteria they use for the selection of videos (e.g., length, clarity of language, visual aids, subject matter appropriate to the content, difficulty, among other aspects). Secondly, a multimodal discourse analysis of an extract from one of the videos teachers use in their courses will be developed. The teacher who uses this video in his class will be interviewed before and after showing him the multimodal analysis in order to check whether being aware of the video's multimodal traits can change his criteria for video selection and for class activities related to it. The results of this investigation will serve to offer teachers some support in their selection of appropriate multimodal materials for their ESP courses, as well as pedagogical tips about activities that can enhance the multimodal features of this digital genre. • Online video has become the preferred medium for many users in the 21st century. • Digital modes have facilitated non-specialist users understand scientific knowledge. • Digital videos can have disciplinary and pedagogical multimodal affordances. • Online videos have become a pedagogical tool for many English teachers. • Multimodal analysis of videos help ESP teachers select teaching materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary summarises the main findings from my article 'Participation and performance in international business meetings' (Rogerson-Revell, 2008) and its contribution to research in the field of English as a Business Lingua Franca or BELF. As well as drawing out highlights from the study, it suggests some future directions for further research in this field. • Provides a discussion on Rogerson-Revell's (2008) account of business meetings. • Showcases the study as one of the first interactive analyses of authentic meetings. • Highlights the role of the chair to ensure equitable participation in BELF meetings. • Confirms the complexities of using a lingua franca with a multicultural audience. • Shows that participants need to accommodate differences in style and proficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inadequate analgesia following cardiac surgery increases postoperative complications. Opioid‐based analgesia is associated with side effects that may compromise postoperative recovery. Regional anesthetic techniques provide an alternative thereby reducing opioid requirements and potentially enhancing postoperative recovery. The erector spinae plane block has been used in multiple surgical procedures including sternotomy for cardiac surgery. We, therefore, aimed to characterize the impact of this block on post‐sternotomy pain and recovery in cardiac surgery patients. Methods: We conducted an electronic search for studies reporting on the use of the erector spinae plane block in adult cardiac surgery via midline sternotomy. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case‐control studies were considered for inclusion. Outcomes of interest included postoperative pain, time‐to‐extubation, and intensive care unit length of stay. Results: In total, 498 citations were identified and five were included in the meta‐analysis. The erector spinae plane block did not significantly reduce self‐reported postoperative pain scores at 4 h (−2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] −8.15 to 4.07; p =.29) or 12 h (−0.27; 95% CI −2.48 to 1.94; p =.65) postextubation, intraoperative opioid requirements (−3.07; 95% CI −6.25 to 0.11; p =.05], time‐to‐extubation (−1.17; 95% CI −2.81 to 0.46; p =.12), or intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (−4.51; 95% CI −14.23 to 5.22; p =.24). Conclusions: Erector spinae plane block was not associated with significant reduction in postoperative pain, intraoperative opioid requirements, time‐to‐extubation, and ICU length of stay in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The paucity of large randomized controlled trials and the high heterogeneity among studies suggest that further studies are required to assess its effectiveness in cardiac surgery patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A The current study engaged in a pilot data analysis for the purpose of examining a newly developed E (Element)-PSI application which was completed in varying real-life environments while reporting information about users' location, mood, and focus on the ESP task. In addition, participants completed an ESP induction task, and trait measures of Transliminality, Paranormal Belief, and paranormal experience as measured by the Survey of Strange Events. A total of 44 participants from the United States completed the study as part of an initial registration process for an ongoing experiment. Results indicate small, but non-significant effects due to sample size in terms of the induction process and focus on the ESP task toward positive increases in ESP hit rates. Implications from these suggestive-only findings presented in terms of cultural, trait, and contextual variables contributing to ESP success rates are discussed in terms of using these findings toward formal large-sample replication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research provides insight into Spanish English for Specific Purposes (ESP) engineering students' perceptions of the effectiveness of video production for developing their digital oracy skills versus the effectiveness of in-class presentations for developing their public speaking skills. In addition, the authors discuss students' preferences regarding the two communication modes. Ninety-seven students from Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Spain) took part in the study. A 12-item quantitative questionnaire using a four-point Likert scale and an open-ended qualitative questionnaire were used. The results showed that students considered self-created videos to be effective tools for developing their oracy skills. However, results were not conclusive for students' preferences regarding mode of communication. Contrary to our expectations, a considerable number of students did not feel confident in their use of video presentations and felt intimidated by the cameras. This suggests that a greater emphasis should be put on the development of digital communication skills to prepare our students for the new communication reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geometric optimizations, relative stabilities, and infrared spectroscopy analyses of the 1-methylcyclopropene and methylenecyclopropane tautomers were all accomplished using a combination of CCSD and DFT methods. Data that demonstrate the relative stability of the endo-en and exo-en forms were examined. The thermodynamic results showed that methylenecyclopropane is the more stable isomer at the B3LYP / aug-cc-PVDZ level of theory, with enthalpy (H=12.4kcal/mol and Gibbs energy (G=11.7kcal/mol) lower than that for 1-methylcyclopropene. These results and those from the preceding experiments are in perfect agreement. The vibrational frequencies and geometrical factors that were discovered in earlier studies also show strong consistency. Additionally, the CCSD/ aug-cc-PVDZ level of theory was used to calculate molecular orbitals such as natural bond orbitals (NBOs), HOMO-LUMO energy gaps, and electrostatic potential (ESP) surfaces. It was explained how crucial it is to choose the most stable tautomer while manufacturing 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), which is used to control fruit quality in the post-harvest environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports the hydrogen storage, and delivery capacities of Sc and Y functionalized [1,1]paracyclophane using dispersion corrected density functional theory calculations. The Sc and Y atoms are bind strongly with benzene rings of [1,1]paracyclophane. Each Sc and Y atom functionalized over [1,1]paracyclophane adsorb up to 6H 2 molecules via Kubas interaction achieving maximum gravimetric density up to 8.22 wt% and 6.33 wt%, respectively. The calculated average hydrogen adsorption energy (0.36 eV) is lower than the chemisorption but higher than the physisorption process. The kinetic stabilities are verified through the HOMO-LUMO gap and different global reactive descriptors. ADMP molecular dynamics simulations reveal the reversibility of adsorbed H 2 molecules at sufficiently above the room temperature and the solidity of host material at 500 K. Average Van't Hoff desorption temperature for Sc and Y decorated system was calculated to be 439 K and 412 K respectively at 1 atm of pressure. Hence, we believe that Sc and Y functionalized [1,1]paracyclophane can be considered as a thermodynamically viable, and potential reversible hydrogen storage materials at ambient environment. [Display omitted] • H 2 adsorption mechanism in Sc and Y functionalized [1,1]Paracyclophane is reported. • On saturation each Sc and Y adsorb 6H 2 leading 8.22 wt% and 6.33 wt% respectively. • Molecular dynamic simulations ensure the solidity of host and reversibility of H 2. • Thermodynamic usable hydrogen capacity meet the US-DOE targets. •. Each Sc atom adsorb H 2 molecules via Kubas interaction with average BE of 0.36 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the wider academic framework of English language teaching, the conceptual term ‘ESP’ is generally considered to mean “English for Specific Purposes” (Dudley-Evans & St John, 1998). ESP is primarily an umbrella term which covers domain specific English literacy skills. For meaningful communication in academic and professional contexts, students of medicine and engineering are required to have context specific English language skills (Niazi, 2012; Venkatraman & Prema, 2007; Sidek et al., 2006; Pendergrass et al., 2001; Tan, 1999). This study attempts to explore the role of English Language Teachers (ELTs) in teaching ESP. A phenomenological research design was used to study the ESP teaching practices of ELTs. The target population of this study constituted one public and two private sector universities of Karachi. The sample size taken for this study constituted10 ELTs sampled through snowball sampling technique and 100 ESP learners with further bifurcation of 50 each from the field of medicine and engineering chosen through purposive sampling. Open ended questionnaire and interview protocols were used in data collection. The collected data were thematically analyzed. The analysis of data suggested English language competence, pedagogic competence and understanding of the ESP learners’ target communicative needs. The analyses of ESP learners’ data suggested the preferred role of ELTs in ESP teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to identify Criminology and Forensics cadets' needs and challenges in studying the English language at Al Istiqlal University, Department of Criminology. It also sought to determine if gender and proficiency influence their needs and challenges in learning the English language. The sample consisted of 70 cadets majoring in criminology. The researchers administered a survey of 39 items distributed to eight domains. The findings revealed that cadets in criminology and forensics did not receive any training on how to use English in the field when dealing with crime scenes. Furthermore, the resources in the English courses they had finished did not match their perceptions of their academic English requirements. In addition, the result of the study revealed that the level of both needs for basic skills and challenges was moderate. In addition, no statistically significant variations in the needs and challenges of Criminology and Forensics cadets were discovered when gender and proficiency characteristics were taken into account. Based on these findings, some recommendations were suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking measures against the coronavirus pandemic in 2020-2021 many universities all over the world had to transform their formal classes into distance or online courses. The article deals with the issues of online EFL and ESP teaching and the learning process in distance format under an instructor's supervision. The research is based on the feedback data of the survey conducted for the Political Science students who were taking up the English language university course online in the 2020-2021 curriculum instead of formal classes. The aim of the research was to reveal the technical, psychological and behavioural aspects of English language distance learning in a virtual MS Teams classroom as well as to analyse the students' self-assessment of the efficiency and results of the distance EFL course. Applying quantitative and qualitative data analyses together with the method of involved observation, the authors arrive at conclusions concerning the still existing technical problems preventing students from working effectively, the disruptive character of certain psychological and behavioural patterns in a virtual classroom, as well as discrepancies between the amount of effort students put into their work and their academic achievements. Study results show both the drawbacks of the distance online format compared to the traditional formal classroom and the possibilities of effective implementation of distance forms of education at some stages of the English language educational process or within particular modules of the curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X-rays, electrons, and neutrons probe different properties of matter. X-rays feel electron density (ED). Electrons sense the electrostatic potential (ESP) of electrons and nuclei. Neutrons are sensitive to nuclear coherent scattering length (NCSL). While NCSL maps are widely understood to be different, ED and ESP maps are tacitly assumed to be similar. Here, I show that the belief in ED and ESP map equivalence is mistaken, but contains a grain of truth. Using density functional theory (DFT), the Bethe-Mott (BM) relation, and the Thomas-Fermi (TF) and Cromer-Mann (CM) atomic models, I show that ED and ESP maps are indeed more similar to each other than to NCSL maps. Nevertheless, peak and integrated map values depend differently on the atomic order number and on the contributions from electrons in the inner and outer CM shells. ED and ESP maps also differ in the sign and relative magnitude of excess charge effects. [Display omitted] • X-rays, electrons, and neutrons probe different aspects of matter • The resulting maps are ED, ESP, and NCSL maps • ESP maps are intrinsically broadest; NCSL maps are intrinsically sharpest • Excess charge has opposite effects on ED and ESP maps, and no effect on NCSL maps X-rays, electrons, and neutrons probe different aspects of molecular structure. Matthias Bochtler analyzes differences in the resulting maps. Apparent intrinsic atom sizes, the dependence of map signals on atomic order number, and the effects of excess charge are compared from a theoretical point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research into the contribution of multimodality to language learning is gaining momentum. While most studies pave the way for new understandings of language teaching and learning, there is an increasing demand for comprehensive assessment practices, particularly within higher education contexts. A few studies have emphasized the importance of reflecting on and establishing criteria for the assessment of multimodal literacy. This is necessary to understand students' contributions in detail and to provide them with effective support in developing their multimodal skills. This study discusses the assessment of multimodal writing in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) contexts. It presents the design of an analytical tool for assessing multimodal texts and provided an example of its application. This tool covers assessment categories such as language use, content expression, interpersonal meaning, multimodality, and creativity and originality. As an example, we focus on the multimodal writing of a video game narrative, a genre that requires the integration of multiple modes of communication to convey meaning more effectively. Finally, this study offers pedagogical insights into the assessment of multimodal literacy in ESP. • Development of a rubric for multimodal assessment in ESP written assignments. • Comprehensive and holistic approach helps assess multimodal assignments. • Pedagogical insights into ESP multimodal literacy assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a direct measurement technique for chemical characterization of aerosols that can be applied without solvent extraction thermal treatment a priori. This technique has been used for chemical speciation, source apportionment, and detailed characterization of the complex organic fraction of atmospheric particles. Currently, most of the IR analysis is performed by transmission through porous membranes on which the particles are collected via filtration. The membrane materials interfere with the IR spectra through scattering and absorption that not only makes extracting the chemical information of aerosol harder but also limits the lower extent of detection. An alternative IR measurement method that does not inherit such limitations aerosol is to collect the particles on an IR transparent material. We present an electrostatic precipitator design that enables such measurements by collection on a Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) crystal. Through numerical simulations and rapid prototyping with 3D-printing, we design and fabricate a device which is tested with poly-dispersed ammonium sulfate particles to evaluate the quantitative chemical composition estimates against particle count reference. Furthermore, with an image analysis procedure and using variable aperture of the IR spectrometer, we analyze the radial mass distribution. The collector has high collection efficiency (82%±8%) and linear response to mass loading (R2 > 0.94) with a semi-uniform deposition. The method of design and fabrication is transferable to other applications and the current ESP collector can provide directions for further design improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum chemical calculations have been performed at the M06–2X/6–31G(d,p) level of theory to investigate the strength and nature of interactions between the active site amino acids at positions 25 and 30 with darunavir (DRV) inhibitor of two native (D25 and D30 in 4LL3, 1T3R) and five mutant (N25 in 3BVB, 3SO9; N30 in 2F80, 3LZV, 3UCB) HIV–1 proteases. Molecular orbitals HOMO and LUMO noted down upon the M06–2X/6–31G(d,p) level optimized amino acid–DRV geometries helped us explain which region of the inhibitor has the ability to interact with the amino acid more effectively. This analysis of the molecular orbitals allowed us to explore the nature of the interactions present between active site amino acids and the DRV in native and mutated proteins. The electrostatic potential surface maps generated for the amino acid–DRV complexes investigated the extent of interactions within the active site of the protein. Natural bond order analysis performed on the optimized geometries suggested that the extent of charge transfer helps in determining the stability of the complexes, which is very important for drug design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on the role of English for engineers in the workplace in Turkey, with the aim of informing engineering programs to better equip prospective engineers with relevant workplace communication skills. To this end, it identifies how engineers perceive the importance of English, how frequently they use it for different tasks, and whether the perceived role and importance of English varies according to the type of company where engineers work. Findings show that English is perceived as relatively unimportant for daily tasks but more important for recruitment and promotion. Additionally, they highlight the importance of receptive skills in comparison to productive skills. Finally, they suggest that the type of company is significantly related to the status of English and how it is used in the workplace. Findings will contribute to engineering course designers in Turkey through detailed profiling of the role of English as perceived by Turkish engineers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing language learners' needs has been abundantly studied by a large number of researchers interested in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and Needs Analysis (NA). However, task-based language needs of the students of marine (maritime) engineering have not been well-investigated, to the date. A qualitative research method was used. We collected the data through structured interviews with 20 participants selected through purposive sampling. The findings revealed that 17 tasks are needed by the students of marine engineering at the present situation. Moreover, 24 task-based language needs are mostly done by marine engineering students in the target situation. To conclude, maritime engineering students need to be proficient in receptive and productive language skills to accomplish required tasks in present academic and target situations. ESP educators, university administrators, and the other stakeholders, policymakers and administrators of marine engineering can employ the findings to improve the maritime students and stakeholders' English proficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amelioration of saline-sodic soil and the rational utilization of irrigation water resources are important environmental problems worldwide, particularly in the arid and semi-arid regions. In order to study the water-salt dynamics and reclamation effects of CaCl2-amended brackish ice on saline-sodic soils, we conducted a laboratory experiment to study the salinity fractionation of brackish ice and the amelioration effects in different saline-sodic soils (ESP 20, 40, and 70) under four salinity levels (1, 1.6, 2.2, and 2.8 g/L) of brackish ice. Based on the analysis of soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), alkalinity, infiltration depth, and ionome, the results showed that the pH, SAR, and alkalinity of ESP 20 soil with a higher salinity (2.2 g/L, Na/Ca ≤ 1.14) of brackish ice could be improved. However, for high ESP soils (ESP 40 and 70), there was no significant difference among brackish ice treatments of 1, 1.6, 2.2, and 2.8 g/L, the 0–12 cm soil layer could be desalted, but more salts accumulated at the lower layer of the soil profile. We further determined an optimal brackish ice concentration to improve different ESP soils: 2.2 g/L brackish ice for ESP 20 soil, 1.6 g/L for ESP 40 soil, and 1 g/L for ESP 70 soil. CaCl2-amended brackish ice can be used to ameliorate saline-sodic soil, this study provides invaluable supporting information on saline-sodic soil reclamation by optimizing brackish ice salinity and sodicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify the needs and challenges of the criminology cadets regarding the English language at Al-Istiqlal University. The researchers attempted to determine the impact of some variables, such as gender identification and English proficiency, on the needs and problems of criminology cadets learning EFL. The participants were 70 cadets specializing in criminology. We administered a five-point Likert scale questionnaire containing 39 items divided into eight domains. The results showed that the criminology cadets received no training in English and that the content of the completed English courses did not match their perceived academic English needs. Furthermore, the study's findings revealed that the need for basic skills and the challenges were moderate. We also discovered no significant variation in the needs and challenges of criminology cadets based on gender or performance variables. Several recommendations have been made based on these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural entrepreneurship is an important employment generation intervention for the fast‐growing young labour force in developing countries. Many bottlenecks including access to finance impede rural youths from performing in their new ventures. This paper examines the impact of access to finance on rural youths' entrepreneurship in Benin using data from the second wave of the School‐To‐Work Transition Survey, involving over 900 youths. The paper employs the endogenous switching regression technique, combined with propensity score matching, to investigate the drivers of rural youths' access to finance and its impact on entrepreneurship intention and performance. The results indicate that age, education, poverty status, experience, working in the agricultural sector and the existence of a bank branch are important determinants of rural youths' access to finance. The results also show that access to finance increases the probability of youth entrepreneurship by 15.2% on average. Moreover, the study shows a significant gender gap in rural entrepreneurship of 5.24% among youths with access to finance in Benin. These results suggest that policymakers should facilitate the access of youth, especially young women, to finance by encouraging formal financial institutions to reduce their credit eligibility conditions for those who do not have collateral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yolk proteins are the main source of nutrients during embryonic and early larval development in oviparous animals. Therefore, vitellogenesis is crucial for reproduction. The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is a model lepidopteran insect in which there are three yolk proteins: vitellin, 30‐kDa protein, and egg‐specific protein (Esp). In this study, we explored the gene function of Esp through transgenic clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR‐associated protein 9 technology‐mediated mutations in the silkworm. We found that Esp mutation resulted in female sterility but had no effect on male fertility. Female mutants could lay eggs after mating, but the eggs were smaller and lighter colored than those laid by wild‐type females. The most important finding is that the eggs laid by female mutants did not hatch. Furthermore, we observed stable inheritance of female sterility caused by Esp mutation through successive generations. Thus, Esp encodes a yolk protein that is crucial for female reproductive success and is a potential target for pest control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents and describes an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) course designed for second year forestry students using the principles of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). Starting with a theoretical overview of what CLIL stands for, the discussion continues with a presentation of the ESP course aimed at the efficient acquisition of the target language and of the content knowledge represented by specialized terminology. Examples of activities that engage the four language skills, i.e. reading, listening, speaking, and writing, are also provided before the concluding remarks, which reveal some advantages and limitations of applying the CLIL strategy in teaching ESP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Both HL1 and dinuclear zinc(II) and copper(II) complexes were characterized by X-ray crystallography. • The experimental investigations match with those obtained from TD-DFT calculations. • ESP calculation results confirmed the charge distribution in the molecule and Hirshfeld surface analyses of both complexes were also discussed. • The antibacterial activities manifested that the metal complexes were the best among all the compounds and 2 was superior to 1. Two three-dimensional dinuclear zinc(II) and copper(II) complexes, [Zn 2 (L2) 2 (CH 3 COO) 2 ] (1) and [Cu 2 (L2) 2 (NO 3) 2 ] (2) (HL2 = 1-(2-{[(E)-2-hydroxy-benzyli-dene]amino}phenyl)ethanone oxime), were synthesized by Zn(II) acetate tetrahydrate or Cu(II) nitrate trihydrate with based ligand HL1 (2-(2-phenoxy)-4-methyl-1,2-quinazoline-N3-oxide, H is the deprotonate hydrogen) originally. HL1 and both complexes were characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic methods, as well as were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. It was revealed that two complexes had 2:2 ligand-to-metal ratios and 1 was hexa-coordinated whereas 2 was penta-coordinated. In the crystal structures, HL1 showed a chain-like, while complexes showed 2-D network stacking constructions, and both complexes further formed a 3-D supramolecular structure. The frontier molecular orbital energy of all compounds was calculated, and TD-DFT calculations were performed to analyze the electronic transitions of HL1 and both complexes. Additionally, the structural optimization and electronic transitions of the molecules were obtained via DFT calculations, molecular electrostatic potential (ESP), Hirshfeld surface analysis (HSA), and two-dimensional fingerprint (2D-FP), supporting X-ray diffraction results with the existence of the H···H and C/O···H bonds as the main interactions in the crystal lattice. Especially, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy properties of 2 were further analyzed. In terms of biological applications, all compounds were investigated for antibacterial activity, and the results displayed two complexes had the best antibacterial performance than others. The ligand 2-(3-pyrazolyl)-4-methyl-1,2-dihydroquinazoline-N3-oxide (HL1) was synthesized, and two three-dimensional dinuclear Zn(II) and Cu(II) complexes, namely [Zn 2 (L2) 2 (CH 3 COO) 2 ] (1) and [Cu 2 (L2) 2 (NO 3) 2 ] (2) were prepared through complexation reaction between HL1 and the corresponding metal salt. Both HL1 and complexes were characterized by X-ray crystallography, spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy, as well as Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT studies. The antimicrobial activities of all compounds were also compared. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy properties of 2 were further analyzed. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graduate students often approach research with predefined steps emphasising procedural aspects that occasionally expose their inadequate preparation for research as social practice. The purpose of this paper is to show how an action research (AR) methodology, in conjunction with English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), has facilitated the scaffolding of explicit formal, rhetorical, procedural, and strategic knowledge in research discourse. We followed a cyclical action research model consisting of 1) recognising students' limited understanding of research as a social practice, 2) developing interventions to promote understanding of how language is structured, represented, and negotiated in scientific discourse, 3) results of the intervention, and 4) reflection. Thematic analysis of six participants' data, including their tasks, reflections, and draft proposals, revealed a discernible progression towards scholarly thinking, transformative learning, and the embodiment of scholarly identity. Integrating ESP and SFL frameworks enhanced our ability to guide students through research-specific discourses, moving beyond a purely theoretical understanding to engage in authentic practices. This approach contributed to the cultivation of Communities of Practice (CoP) in which student-faculty collaboration fostered a shared scholarly mindset and facilitated the gradual integration of students into these academic communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is pivotal in second language (L2) learning but is often inadequately addressed in classroom instruction. This qualitative study examines the SRL-promoting strategies employed by English for Specific Purposes (ESP) teachers at a university and a vocational college in China, both of which offer English-medium instruction (EMI) programmes. Grounded in Zimmerman's SRL model, this study employs multiple data sources, including interviews, classroom observations, and teaching materials. Findings reveal that teachers from both settings use a blend of explicit and implicit strategy instruction to foster both cognitive and metacognitive facets of SRL. University teachers integrate strong self-assessment methods, such as peer and teacher feedback, in their teaching. However, gaps in the teachers' conceptual understanding of SRL lead to inconsistent emphasis on various components and phases of SRL. Furthermore, our study identifies several factors, such as student characteristics, teacher knowledge and beliefs, and institutional constraints, that influence these instructional practices. The research stands out for its focus on ESP instruction within a Chinese educational context by juxtaposing two different educational settings. It underscores the need for specialized SRL-focused professional development, especially for vocational teachers, and underscores the importance of bolstering SRL in ESP to facilitate a seamless EMI transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth in computer technology among linguists and literary researchers has opened up the way for the introduction of computers into language teaching and learning. The Internet has the potential to provide a new learning environment that has rich digital, textual, graphic, audio, and video features for the language learning approach. Technology is useful for teaching listening because each type of technology provides opportunities for students to expand their ranges of listening strategies. The aim of the paper is to investigate the efficiency of various kinds of media (audio, video and multimedia) in teaching listening skills in particular in an ESP classroom. The participants of this study were one hundred and twenty first year students from the Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies, Bitola, North Macedonia. Straightforward Quick Placement & Diagnostic- English language proficiency test and listening tests -- designed by the researcher were used as instruments of this study. The results revealed that there was a strong positive significant correlation between multimedia and the learners' listening comprehension ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]