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Three large-scale episodes of volcanic activity occurred during the Tertiary in the Xihu Depression, located in the East China Sea. Intermediate-felsic magmas intruded along faults and the associated hydrothermal fluids resulted in the hydrothermal alteration of the clastic country rock. To better describe reservoir characteristics, reservoir samples were subjected to the following investigations: thin section examination, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer analysis (SEM–EDS), fluid inclusion homogenization temperature tests, vitrinite reflectance measurements, and X-ray diffraction. The results of this study provide evidence of the following hydrothermal alteration phenomena: brittle fracturing, clastic particle alteration, precipitation of unique hydrothermal minerals (celestite, zircon, apatite, barite, and cerous phosphate). The presence of abnormally high temperatures is indicated by fluid inclusion analysis, the precipitation of high-temperature authigenic minerals such as quartz, illite alteration, and anomalous vitrinite reflectance. Two aspects related to hydrothermal effects on reservoir properties have been investigated in this study: (1) Deep magmatic hydrothermal fluids carry large amounts of dissolved carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide gas. These fluids percolate into the country rocks along fault zones, resulting in dissolution within the sandstone reservoirs and the development of significant secondary porosity. (2) Magma intrusions increase the temperature of the surrounding rocks and accelerate the thermal evolution of hydrocarbon source rocks. This results in the release of large amounts of organic acids and carbon dioxide, leading the dissolution of the aluminosilicate minerals and volcanic fragments in the reservoirs, and the generation of significant secondary porosity.

Объект проектирования: комплекс сооружений в составе искусственного острова. Цель работы: - Выбор основного конструктивного варианта сооружения; - Проектирование сооружений в составе искусственного острова. В бакалаврской работе рассматриваются современные реализованные проекты искусственных островов, анализируются возможные конструктивные решения и воздействие на них ледовых, ветровых и волновых нагрузок, рассматриваются два варианта возможных конструкций для условий акватории Невской губы, производится расчет обоих вариантов сооружения с учетом действующих нагрузок на противостояние размыву. В работе используются рекомендации и требования, предъявляемые к расчету и проектированию сооружений откосного профиля, описанные в следующих нормативных документах: СП 38.13330.2012, ВСП 33-03-07/МО РФ, РД 31.31.36-85, РД 31.31.55-93, а также результаты расчетов и натурных обследований геологических, гидрологических, метеорологических, гидрографических, гидрофизических, гидрохимических и геоморфологических условий акватории Невской губы, проведенных следующими организациями: ООО «Институт строительных проектов», АО «Пассажирский Порт Санкт-Петербург «Морской Фасад». Результатом работы являются запроектированные сооружения в составе искусственного острова. Область применения результатов работы: в проекте предполагаемой реализации строительства искусственного острова в составе акватории Невской губы. Ожидаемый эффект: привлечение внимания к проблеме низкого туристопотока в Российской Федерации и повышение туристической привлекательности города Санкт-Петербурга ввиду уникальности и новизны проектируемого объекта для места строительства., Object of designing: complex of structures as a part of an artificial island. Work purpose: - Selecting the main structural variant of the structure; - Design of structures as part of an artificial island. In the bachelor's work, modern implemented projects of artificial Islands are considered, possible design solutions and the impact of ice, wind and wave loads on them are analyzed, two possible designs for the conditions of the Neva Bay water area are considered, and both construction options are calculated taking into account the existing loads to resist erosion. The work uses recommendations and requirements for the calculation and design of slope profile structures described in the following regulatory documents: SP 38.13330.2012, VSP 33-03-07/MO RF, RD 31.31.36-85, RD 31.31.55-93, as well as the results of calculations and field surveys of geological, hydrological, meteorological, hydrographic, hydrophysical, hydrochemical and geomorphological conditions of the Neva Bay water area, conducted by the following organizations: LLC "Institute of construction projects", JSC "Passenger Port of Saint Petersburg-Petersburg "sea facade". The result of this work is designed structures as part of an artificial island. Scope of results: the project intended to implement the construction of an artificial island within the waters of the Neva Bay. Expected effect: attracting attention to the problem of low tourist traffic in the Russian Federation and increasing the tourist attractiveness of the city of Saint Petersburg due to the uniqueness and novelty of the projected object for the construction site.

Erosion of river beds in cohesive soils having aggregate or conjoint structure is considered in the article. The authors have identified dimensions of soil aggregates in the limit state of stability with account for turbulent pulsations of the bottom pressure, and the figures identified by the coauthors and specified in this article comply with the field data.The co-authors have derived a formula of critical velocity that takes account of correlation between the values of shear and tensile strength of cohesive soils. These values take account of the influence of hydraulic resistance and comply with the field data.The approach proposed by the co-authors may be employed to identify and substantiate conditions of the limit resistance to erosion for cohesive soils having aggregate or conjoint structure. Dependencies derived by the coauthors comply with the findings of experimental researches and the data provided in regulatory documents.Рассмотрены условия размыва речных русел, сложенных грунтами агрегатного и слитного строения, обладающих сцеплением. С учетом турбулентных пульсаций донного давления определены размеры грунтовых агрегатов, находящихся в состоянии предельной устойчивости, которые согласуются с данными наблюдений.Получена формула для критической скорости, учитывающая соотношение между прочностью грунта на сдвиг и на разрыв, которая отражает влияние гидравлического сопротивления и согласуется с опытными данными.

This document addresses the potential for effects to occur to significant historic properties as a result of a proposal to channel storm water from the Providence Landing Project onto and across the Antennae Farm on Vandenberg Air Force Base, Santa Barbara County, CA.

Cilj rada bio je utvrditi eroziju uzrokovanu pulsirajućim vodenim mlazom koji udara o površinu metalnog uzorka. Istražen je utjecaj ponovljenih djelovanja vodenih impulsa i utjecaja brzine (radnog tlaka) na eroziju metalne površine. Analiziran je i raspravljen razvoj erozijskog modela u odnosu na broj djelovanja. Utvrđeno je da se erozija uzrokovana opetovanim djelovanjem vodenih impulsa ​​javlja u tri faze. Faza erozije površine može se odrediti pomoću ponašanja karakteristika površine (kao što su Ra i Rz) s obzirom na broj djelovanja pulsirajućeg vodenog mlaza., The aim of the paper was to determine erosion effects of pulsating water jet impinging the surface of metal sample. The influence of repeated impacts of water pulses and impact velocity (operating pressure) on the erosion of metal surface was investigated. The development of erosion pattern with respect to number of impacts was analysed and discussed. It was found that erosion caused by repeated impacts of water pulses occurs in three stages. The stage of erosion of the surface can be determined by the behaviour of surface characteristics (such as Ra and Rz) with respect to number of impacts of pulsating water jet.