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This article describes the details of a new technique, the earworm technique, which is suitable for online music therapy in the situation of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The technique was used in a music therapy service provided through a free and publicly available hotline in China during the outbreak, with satisfactory results. Of 103 cases, 83% were successful, 8% were helpful, 7% were unsuccessful, and 3% were incomplete. The technique is a combination of Erickson’s modern hypnosis techniques and music therapy. It is easy to train for and perform, making it suitable for a one-time intervention with online music therapy service.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto que logra la aplicación de la técnica de autohipnosis Ericksoniana (AE) en las variables psicológicas (VP) de estrés, ansiedad, depresión y la variable dolor durante el proceso de tratamiento de la lesión deportiva (LD). Se aplicó la intervención con audios pregrabados fundamentados en la técnica de hipnosis Ericksoniana (autohipnosis) durante la terapia física, en un grupo de seis sesiones alternas en intervalos de 3 días durante un total de 18 días. El diseño del estudio es de tipo cuantitativo no probabilístico, descriptivo y longitudinal. Se aplicó carta de consentimiento informado, instrumentos de registro de datos generales y de la LD: “Cuestionario específico sobre aspectos deportivos y de lesiones”; y psicométrico: “Cuestionario DASS-21” (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales). Participaron 16 deportistas de los cuales; 5 son femenino y 11 son masculino, con media general de 24.5 años, que presentaron diversas lesiones deportivas, donde la frecuencia para la depresión fue de 50%, ansiedad 50%, y estrés 75%, todos presentaron dolor al inicio con una media de 7.3, mínima de 3 y máxima de 10 en la Escala Visual Analógica (EVA). Al término de las sesiones de intervención se encontraron valores en depresión, ansiedad y estrés con un 18.7%, y dolor en EVA con media de 0.87, mínimo 0 y máximo de 6. Se concluye que la técnica de AE aplicada al tratamiento de la LD, disminuyó de forma positiva los valores de los factores medidos. Palabras clave: autohipnosis ericksoniana, dolor, lesión deportiva, variables psicológicas. Abstract. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect achieved by the application of the Ericksonian self-hypnosis (AE) technique on the psychological variables (VP) of stress, anxiety, depression and pain variable during the sports injury treatment process (LD). The intervention was applied with pre-recorded audios based on the Ericksonian hypnosis technique (self-hypnosis) during physical therapy, in a group of six alternate sessions at 3-day intervals for a total of 18 days. The study design is quantitative, non-probabilistic, descriptive and longitudinal. An informed consent letter, general data recording instruments and LD were applied: "Specific questionnaire on sports and injury aspects"; and a Psychometric: “DASS-21 Questionnaire” (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales). 16 athletes participated, of which 5 are female and 11 are male, with a 24.5 years average, who presented various sports injuries, where the frequency for depression was 50%, anxiety 50%, and stress 75%; at the beginning, all presented pain with an average of 7.3, a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 10 on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). At the end of the intervention sessions, values were found for depression, anxiety and stress with 18.7%, pain on the VAS with an average of 0.87, a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 6. It is concluded that the AE technique applied to the LD treatment, positively decreased the values of the measured factors. Keywords: ericksonnian self-hypnosis, pain, psychological variables, sports injury.

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Solution focused brief therapy (SFBT) facilitates movement of problems toward solutions, requiring a delicate process of attentive observational skills and use of language; qualities that may be similar to Ericksonian hypnotherapy. In this deep examination, we utilized discourse analysis (Gee in How to do discourse analysis toolkit, Routledge, New York, 2011) to explore the influences of Ericksonian hypnotherapy in two commercially available videos of SFBT sessions facilitated by Insoo Kim Berg. We noted both SFBT features and Ericksonian features in these sessions, commonalities between the approaches were identified, and Ericksonian resemblances in SFBT were distinguished. Our deep examination suggests that Berg worked in recursive clusters with a figured world that attends to strength and resilience; Berg was fully attentive and observational throughout, intentional in her use of language, utilized bridging and building, and attended to exceptions. These features are common in Ericksonian hypnotherapy and appear significant in a relational style of training beginning therapists to effectively utilize the SFBT approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implantations for uterovaginal brachytherapy are usually performed under general or spinal anesthesia, which are not without risk. As it is a rather short procedure and since postoperative pain is minimal, hypnosedation was proposed to selected patients requiring endocavitary applications as part of their routine treatment. Consecutive patients requiring intracavitary uterovaginal brachytherapy from January to October 2019 were included if they accepted the procedure. A premedication was systematically administered. Hypnosedation was based on an Ericksonian technique. The procedure was immediately interrupted if the patient requested it, in cases of extreme anxiety or pain. Procedure was in that case rescheduled with a "classical" anesthesia technique. A total of 20 patients were included. Four patients had to be converted toward a general anesthesia: one because of a fibroma on the probe's way and three young patients with a very anteverted/retroverted uterus that was painful at every mobilization. Mean and maximum pain scores during implant were 2.9/10 and 5.1/10, respectively. The most painful maneuver was cervical dilation for 45% of the patients, followed by mold insertion in 40% of cases. About 85% of the patients declared that hypnosis helped them relax; 90% of the patients would recommend the technique. No procedure-related complication occurred. With a 70% success rate (correct implant with mean pain and anxiety scores < 5), one can conclude that uterovaginal brachytherapy implantation under hypnosedation is feasible and received a high satisfaction rate from the patients. This technique may reduce overall treatment time in a context of difficult access to the OR and to anesthesiologists, while reducing anesthetic drugs resort and postoperative nausea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to attempt to analyze factors affecting elderly persons' life-sustaining treatment preferences, focusing on ego integrity trait. This study used data from Elderly Profiles and Welfare Needs of the Elderly Persons(2014). The analysis sample was 10,451 cases. 86.4 percent of the sample responded that they disagree with life-sustaining treatment. Analysis results are as follows: being female(β=-.045, p<.001), the younger(β=-.024, p<.05), having more education years(β=.027, p<.05), higher satisfaction of life(β=.022, p<.05), responding that they had thought about their own funeral(β=.032, p<.01), responding that they had used senior centers over the last one year(β=-.038, p<.01) are related to disapproval of life sustaining treatment. This research shows that ego integrity trait such as satisfaction of life, or accepting and preparing one’s own death, is related to disapproval of life-sustaining treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dr. Peter A. D. Sherrard, associate professor of counselor education at the University of Florida is interviewed by Brian J. Mistler. The interview includes discussion of the concept of systems with an emphasis on cybernetic and ecosystemic perspectives; Dr. Sherrard's own life and experiences; the various influences on family therapy; the solution focused approach; feedback; creativity; Gestalt Therapy; metalogue; self-transcendence; pattern recognition; change; wholism; pragmatism; social construction; Zen meditation; attention; mystery; couples counseling; training groups; T-groups; behaviorism; religious conversion; theology; the Holy; serendipity; kidnapping; experts; existentialism; arbitrary punctuation; mind; culture; values; ethics; deafness; differentiation; negotiation; quantum theory; and the work of Gregory Bateson, Milton Erickson, Steve DeShazer, Carl Rogers, Paul Watzlawick, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, Roger Fisher, William L. Ury, Peter Berger, Dan Marino, Joe Montana, Nevitt Sandord, David Schnarch and Murray Bowen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores some of the uses of absurdity and the unexpected in psychotherapy. Case examples are used to ground the discussion of some key ideas that inform an understanding of how absurdity and the unexpected might serve as catalysts or primers for change in the psychotherapeutic context. Erickson's confusion technique and some ideas derived from Bateson's understanding of cybernetics also serve an explanatory purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent neuroscience findings regarding phenomena including perception, action and imagery are discussed. In each of these phenomena, a form of neural simulation is involved, which sheds a new light on our traditional knowledge of brain function, and can also be interpreted as the mechanisms underlying many forms of physiological and pathological human behaviour. In the last section, the implications of such concepts for the practice of hypnotic psychotherapy are discussed, giving us a more solid understanding and confirmation of techniques currently being used by Ericksonian psychotherapists. Copyright © 2008 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author – a psychologist, psychotherapist and poetess – traces the history of hypnosis in France, the cradle of hypnosis. At the outset there were two conflicting schools, one originating with Charcot, a neurologist, who ended viewing hypnosis as a pathologic phenomenon associated with hysteria; the other with therapeutic goals originating with Bernheim and viewing hypnosis as a physiological state involving suggestion. From 1900 psychoanalysis dominated until the mid-century when Chertok and later Michaux struggled to stimulate a revival. In 1980 they founded the Groupement d'Etudes pour les Applications Médicales de l'Hypnose (GEAMH) for research and training purposes, which continues to host conferences to the present day. In 1983 Godin and Malarewicz established in Paris the first Milton H. Erickson Institute, and there followed a proliferation of institutes throughout France. From 1991 Roustang wrote prolifically offering an original Eastern and Western synthesis and therapeutic approach. In 1997 Bellet founded the Confédération Francophone d'Hypnose et de Thérapies Brèves (CFHTB) drawing together, by 2007, 21 affiliated organizations with 3000 practitioners in France, Belgium, Switzerland and Québec, and with affiliation with international societies. Copyright © 2007 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenology and paradigm of a therapeutic method, referred to as ‘hypnotherapy’, are overviewed here. Phenomenological descriptions of the terms ‘waking state’ and ‘trance state’ are offered. Both states together constitute an experience referred to as ‘reality’ and thus the question arises as to whether it is important to induce such a trance state if it already exists in our daily reality. In this opinion piece, the authors suggest that the trance state has been long since buried under a surface of culture and education-driven complaisant behaviour. However, complaisant behaviour fails to be supported by our secret demands and wishes. In contrast, the hypnotic or trance experience delineates the fact that we, as human beings, are far more than a function of alien conceptions and demands provided by our cultural and education system. Second, a description of the paradigm of how hypnosis could act within an individual is offered. Epistemological arguments are provided to designate the hypnotic experience as a process which, in turn, generates authenticity. Copyright © 2007 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory of life cycle development has had a profound influence on the field of pastoral care and counseling. At the same time, Erikson's theory has been resoundingly critiqued from the standpoint of feminist psychology and theology, multiculturalism, and, more recently, from that of postmodernist theory. It is difficult to imagine, however, approaching the work of pastoral care and counseling without having some reconstructed form of life-cycle developmental theory in mind. By developing the capacity to hold in dialectical tension Erikson's psychosocial theory of the life cycle and various critiques of this particular framework, practitioners and clergy will discover that certain developmental issues, such as intimacy, identity formation, generativity, and integrity, still apply to the postmodern individual. doi:10.1300/J515v09n01_05 [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents a study which hopes to expand theory in the area of women's development by explaining transitional eras and issues in young and midlife women. Fifty-five women participated in the study conducted over 16 years. Data collection strategies include focus groups, interviews, a life history technique, electronic participation and participant observation.

Over the last 15 years, as editor-in-chief of the American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis , I have seen papers by hundreds of authors. Many authors discuss the research, theories, and case presentations without identifying their allegiance. However, an apparent trend has developed in the last decade in which many therapists prefer to identify their work as being "Ericksonian." Yet, there have only been few authors identifying as such who go on to explain what it means to be Ericksonian. It is concerning that few authors seem to have returned to the original source when citing concepts that have been developed by, or attributed to, Dr. Milton Erickson. The vast majority of authors who quote techniques such as utilization or naturalistic induction usually cite a third source rather than Erickson's writings directly. Often this cited third-party author is someone who never studied with Dr. Erickson and whose writing about the cited techniques has also not been directly taken from Dr. Erickson's work. What evolves from this practice is sort of like the childhood game of "telephone." That is a game where a story is repeated down the line by another author which is repeated by another author until, downline, the entire matter becomes radically incorrect and incongruent with the original. In this article, I will describe Erickson's work regarding naturalistic induction, utilization, techniques for depotentiating conscious sets, and conscious-unconscious dissociation in his own words and also illustrate the evolution of his induction techniques over the years from 1929 to 1980.

Background: Inflammation is a key component of immune response to infections and pathogenesis of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Inflammatory biomarkers, including alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), are considered prognostic tools for predicting risk, monitoring response to therapy, and adjusting nutritional biomarkers for accurate interpretation. Serum is considered a primary source of biomarkers; urine and saliva are increasingly being explored and utilized as rapidly accessible, noninvasive biofluids requiring minimal sample processing and posing fewer biohazard risks., Methods: A lateral flow immunoassay was developed for an established mobile-based platform to quantify AGP in human serum, urine, and saliva. Assay performance was assessed with purified AGP in buffer, diluted human serum samples ( n = 16) banked from a trial in people living with HIV, and saliva and urine ( n = 15 each) from healthy participants. Reference methods were conventional clinical chemistry analyzer or commercial ELISA. Bootstrap analysis was used to train and validate sample calibration., Findings: The correlation between the assay and reference method for serum was 0.97 ( P < 0.001). Mean (95% CI) best fit line slope was 1.0 (0.88, 1.15) and intercept was -0.003 (-0.08, 0.09). The correlation for urine was 0.93, and for saliva was 0.97 (both P < 0.001). The median CV for the LFIA for AGP in buffer was 13.2% and for all samples was 28.7%., Interpretation: The performance of the assay indicated potential use as a rapid, low sample volume input, and easy method to quantify AGP that can be licensed and adopted by commercial manufacturers for regulatory approvals and production. This has future applications for determining inflammatory status either alone or in conjunction with other inflammatory proteins such as C-reactive protein for prognostic, monitoring, or nutritional status applications, including large-scale country level surveys conducted by the DHS and those recommended by the WHO., Competing Interests: Competing interests statement: DE and SM have an equity interest in VitaMe Technologies (DBA VitaScan), which is commercializing similar diagnostic technology that is described herein. MG receives funding to his institution from Gilead Sciences for an investigator-initiated study unrelated to the current work. There are no further patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. BMG, JLF, TR: no conflicts of interest.

Milton H. Erickson promoted several approaches to psychotherapy using hypnosis. In the last decades of his life, his work moved away from the use of redundant suggestion and a predominance of direct suggestion in favor of indirect suggestion. In addition, he frequently employed a type of storytelling (that has come to be called therapeutic metaphor) to indirectly convey learning. Another change that occurred during the last decade was his definition of the cause of a symptom. However, there were two important areas of his work that he did not change during his career. These two components of his work he did not change were his definition of a cure and the importance of a naturalistic induction. This article concerns his naturalistic approach to hypnotic induction and especially his use of conscious/unconscious dissociation in the induction process and how indirect suggestion and therapeutic binds can be used to facilitate that type of induction and a cure.

Background and Aim of the Work: Children affected by selective mutism don't speak in contexts that are unfamiliar to them or in which speaking is expected or required (e.g. school, kindergarten…). Such disorder interferes with the child's normal activities, may have invalidating consequences in the long run if left untreated, is associated to anxious conditions and is considered hard to treat. Contemporary research is still in need of methodologically rigorous outcome studies and the results described in the small number of published randomized controlled trials and retrospective studies indicate cognitive-behavioral interventions lasting 20-24 sessions as the best therapeutic option. This case study, involving a 7-year-old girl, aims at providing preliminary evidence on the effectiveness of Ericksonian hypnosis in the treatment of this condition. A brief review of current evidence is provided., Methods: The case was treated by a licensed hypnotherapist, specialized in family therapy, in 5 sessions during the course of 3 months., Results: After 3 months the symptoms of the client were resolved and the diagnosis was no longer applicable. Other improvements regarded her mood, social skills and school performance.  Conclusions: Ericksonian Hypnotherapy lead to the remission of the disorder and to the improvement of the general well being of the client in 5 sessions, a much briefer time span compared to what is reported in current literature. This paper represents the first step in the elaboration of replicable and reliable intervention principles.