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This article explores the current status of housekeeping-employee retention and efficiency in hotels particularly during COVID-19 in India, then discusses the implications of ergonomic practices on these. Ergonomic practice research in hotel housekeeping has been given enlarged scholarly attention, yet similar research in the Indian context is almost non-existent. Housekeeping work involves considerable physical effort that can lead to discomfort or even injury. This research involved 210 housekeeping employees from five-star hotels through an online survey. The data were interpreted using the partial least square (PLS) software SmartPLS 2.0. The constructs used in the study were working conditions, risk assessment and control, pandemic response plan, employee efficiency and employee retention. Working conditions were found to have a significant positive relationship with employee retention, whereas, risk assessment and control was found to have a positive relationship with employee retention and employee efficiency. Also, the pandemic response plan was found to have a positive relationship with employee efficiency. The pandemic response plan was not found to have a significant positive relationship with employee retention, while working conditions were not found to have a significant positive relationship with employee efficiency either.

Many hotel organizations have developed ergonomic policies and programs to prevent workplace injuries and provide safe and healthful conditions for their workers. Few multiple workplace studies have examined housekeepers' perceptions of these policies and programs. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that workplace musculoskeletal illnesses (MSDs) be addressed through longterm health promotion, training, and prevention measures. The goal of these treatments should be to change pain and health-related behavior, aside from improving working conditions (Burton, 2010). The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests a "healthy workplace framework and model" that includes a broader view of workplace health, such as treating physical and mental difficulties, as well as increasing access to healthcare resources and community help. The purpose of this paper is to identify those elements that hinder (barriers) or facilitate (facilitators) the application of ergonomic measures in hotel housekeeping. Results reveal that the employee barriers and risk assessment and control are found to be significantly associated with each other. Risk assessment & control was found to be directly linked with the absence of ergonomic practices, whereas working conditions do not have significant relationship with the ergonomic practices. Authors even found that working conditions of housekeeping employees do not have significant relationship with employee barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Digital eye strain (DES) affects an estimated 60 million people worldwide, with a higher prevalence among populations that are occupationally reliant on digital display devices. Aim: This study investigated risk factors of DES and ergonomic practices among computer users at Al-Baha University. Setting: The study was conducted among computer users at Al-Baha University. Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and data were gathered using self-administered questionnaires. Results: A total of 360 computer users participated (mean age: 36.33 years, standard deviation [s.d.]: 7.08). The lifetime and daily computer usage were 8.38 (s.d.: = 1.04) years and 4.37 (s.d.: = 2.07) hours, respectively, with 30% of respondents having used computers for more than 10 years. The baseline total eye complaints score was either mild or moderate for 64.7% and severe for 35% of the sample. The total workstation design score was poor for 47.1% and fair for 35.5% of the sample. The regression analysis of potential DES risk factors found statistically significant coefficients for the duration of daily computer use, use of contact lenses, poor ergonomic practices, poor workstation design and use of non-prescription spectacles. Conclusion: This study emphasises the need for learning institutions and public health policy makers to not only raise awareness about digital eye strain but also impose time restrictions and breaks on digital-based activities and generally improve workstation design and ergonomic conditions. Contribution: This study offers a basis for targeted interventions to prevent and manage DES, particularly within learning settings.

Background: Digital eye strain (DES) affects an estimated 60 million people worldwide, with a higher prevalence among populations that are occupationally reliant on digital display devices. Aim: This study investigated risk factors of DES and ergonomic practices among computer users at Al-Baha University. Setting: The study was conducted among computer users at Al-Baha University. Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and data were gathered using self-administered questionnaires. Results: A total of 360 computer users participated (mean age: 36.33 years, standard deviation [s.d.]: 7.08). The lifetime and daily computer usage were 8.38 (s.d.: = 1.04) years and 4.37 (s.d.: = 2.07) hours, respectively, with 30% of respondents having used computers for more than 10 years. The baseline total eye complaints score was either mild or moderate for 64.7% and severe for 35% of the sample. The total workstation design score was poor for 47.1% and fair for 35.5% of the sample. The regression analysis of potential DES risk factors found statistically significant coefficients for the duration of daily computer use, use of contact lenses, poor ergonomic practices, poor workstation design and use of non-prescription spectacles. Conclusion: This study emphasises the need for learning institutions and public health policy makers to not only raise awareness about digital eye strain but also impose time restrictions and breaks on digital-based activities and generally improve workstation design and ergonomic conditions. Contribution: This study offers a basis for targeted interventions to prevent and manage DES, particularly within learning settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a common cause of ocular pain and discomfort. Dry eye disease (DED) stems from a loss‐of‐tear film homeostasis and is frequently seen in video display terminal (VDT) users. Video display terminal (VDT) use reduces blink rates and increases incomplete blinks, leading to tear film instability and ocular inflammation, promoting DED. Purpose To assess and evaluate the methods for preventing VDT‐associated DED and ocular discomfort. Methods: Studies were found using PubMed and Embase with the search terms: (digital visual terminal* OR computer use OR screen use OR smartphone OR display OR visual display terminal* OR computer vision syndrome OR tablet OR phone OR screen time) AND (dry eye OR DED). Results: Thirty‐one relevant articles were found. Ten described single‐visit studies, whereas 21 had a prolonged follow‐up. Most preventive measures of VDT‐associated DED aimed to increase blink rate or directly prevent tear film instability, ocular inflammation, mucin loss or ocular surface damage. Using an adjustable chair and ergonomic training, blink animations and omega‐3 supplementation improved signs and symptoms of VDT‐associated DED. Taking frequent breaks was associated with fewer symptoms, but no study assessed the commonly suggested 20‐20‐20 rule. Conclusion: Preventive measures, such as blink animation programmes, oral intake of omega‐3 fatty acids and improved ergonomics act on different parts of the vicious cycle of dry eye and could supplement each other. A comparison of the efficacy of the different interventions as well as more evidence of the effect of increased humidity, VDT filters and ergonomic practices, are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The widespread adoption of smartphones has transformed global communication but raised health concerns like Text Neck Syndrome - a musculoskeletal condition arising from prolonged device use, causing discomfort in the cervical spine. This study investigates its prevalence and associated factors among smartphone users in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, focusing on usage patterns, symptoms, and awareness., Methods: This cross-sectional online survey was conducted from June 1 to June 30, 2024. Data on demographics, smartphone habits, symptoms, and Text Neck Syndrome awareness were collected using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics and chi-square tests., Results: The study included 421 participants, predominantly female (279, 66.3%) and Saudi nationals (397, 94.3%). The largest age group was 21-40 years (308, 73.2%), and most were single (251, 59.6%) with a college degree (236, 56.1%). Over 42.0% of participants used smartphones for more than five hours daily, with 39.4% adopting a 30-degree neck posture. The most prevalent symptoms reported were neck pain (272, 64.6%), headaches (203, 48.2%), and shoulder pain (178, 42.3%). Awareness of Text Neck Syndrome was reported by 197 participants (46.8%), but only 60 (14.3%) had been diagnosed. Concerns about long-term complications such as osteoporosis (105, 24.9%) and prolapsed intervertebral disc (120, 28.5%) were expressed. Despite these concerns, 97.9% of participants hesitated to reduce smartphone usage due to reported symptoms., Conclusion: This study highlights the significant musculoskeletal impact of smartphone use in Jeddah, underscoring the need for interventions promoting ergonomic practices and increasing awareness about associated risks. Public health strategies should focus on promoting ergonomic practices and educating users about preventive measures., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. MOH Ethics Committee issued approval 2024-110. The study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before their inclusion in the study. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Hakami et al.)

Background: Smartphone usage has become ubiquitous in Saudi Arabia with concerns growing over its impact on musculoskeletal health. Globally, various musculoskeletal symptoms have been linked to smartphone use such as neck pain, headaches, and shoulder discomfort, often exacerbated by poor posture and prolonged screen time., Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, to investigate the impact of smartphone use on musculoskeletal health among adults aged 18 years and older. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling from various settings such as universities, workplaces, and public areas. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered both online and in paper format, covering demographic characteristics, smartphone usage behaviors, awareness of smartphone-related health effects, and the prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms., Results: A total of 413 participants from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were surveyed to assess musculoskeletal symptoms associated with smartphone use. Demographic analysis revealed a predominantly young, single, and highly educated population, primarily Saudi nationals. Smartphone usage patterns showed extensive daily use, with over 41% using their devices for more than five hours daily. The majority were aware of smartphone-related health effects. Musculoskeletal symptoms were prevalent, notably neck pain (83.8%), arm pain (63.8%), and headaches (71.2%). The incidence of symptoms related to text neck syndrome was substantial, although awareness and diagnosis were limited. The severity of symptoms varied, with mild to moderate levels reported most frequently., Conclusion: This study highlights a substantial prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among smartphone users in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, emphasizing the need for public health interventions to promote ergonomic practices and mitigate health risks associated with smartphone use. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to establish causal relationships and evaluate intervention strategies aimed at reducing these symptoms effectively., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Jazan University Research Ethics Committee issued approval 2024. Participation was voluntary and participants were assured of the confidentiality and anonymity of their responses, with data securely stored and accessed only by the research team. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Abu Halimah et al.)

Purpose: Prolonged static postures and forceful repetitive movements predispose the dentists for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of work-related MSDs (WMSDs) among the dentists in Ludhiana, Punjab, and to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding dental ergonomics. Methodology: A questionnaire-based survey was carried out among 146 dentists in the city of Ludhiana. Results:Majority of the surveyed dental practitioners (91%) were found to be suffering from WMSDs. The most common areas affected by WMSDs in the order of magnitude were the neck (70.5%), shoulder (48.7%), lower back (47.3%), and upper back (41.8%). It was found that senior consultants had better knowledge about dental ergonomics and had a better attitude toward applying ergonomic principles in their practice. Conclusion: The high prevalence of WMSDs exists among dentists. The knowledge about dental ergonomics does not necessarily lead to a positive attitude and practice of dental ergonomics. Incorporating the teaching, monitoring, and evaluation of ergonomic principles systematically into the undergraduate and postgraduate curriculum will improve the adoption and application of these principles in the routine clinical practices.

Roofers often suffer from musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) to their knees due to spending a large amount of time kneeling while performing work-related roofing activities on sloped rooftops. Several ergonomic studies have identified kneeling as a potential risk factor for knee injuries and disorders. Existing biomechanical models and sensor technologies used to assess work-related risk factors for different construction trades are not applicable in roof work settings especially on slanted rooftop surfaces. This work assesses the impacts of work-related factors, namely working posture and roof slope, on the potential risk of developing knee MSDs due to residential roofing tasks in a laboratory setting. Nine human subjects participated in the experiment and mimicked shingle installation on a slope-configurable wooden platform. Maximum angles of right and left knee flexion, abduction, adduction, and axial rotation (internal and external) were measured as risk indicators using a motion capture system under different roof slope settings. The results demonstrated that roof slope, working posture and their interaction may have significant impacts on developing knee MSDs during roofing activities. Knees are likely to be exposed to increased risk of MSDs due to working in a dynamic kneeling posture during shingle installation. In our study, flexion in both knees and adduction in the right knee were found lower in high-pitched rooftops; however, abduction in the left knee and internal rotation in the right knee were found higher during shingle installation. Hence proper attention is needed for these situations. This study provides useful information about the impact of roof work settings on knee MSDs development, which may facilitate effective interventions such as education, training, and tools to prevent knee injuries in construction roofing tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]