7 results on '"epigeny"'
Search Results
2. Morphostructural Patterns: Influence of an Aborted Rift Zone on the Regional Organization of Landforms
- Author
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Peulvast, Jean-Pierre, Bétard, François, Blondel, Philippe, Series editor, Guilyardi, Eric, Series editor, Rabassa, Jorge, Series editor, Horwood, Clive, Series editor, Peulvast, Jean-Pierre, and Bétard, François
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A Paradigm Shift in Biology?
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Gennaro Auletta
- Subjects
information ,teleology ,teleonomy ,epigeny ,complexity ,function ,Information technology ,T58.5-58.64 - Abstract
All new developments in biology deal with the issue of the complexity of organisms, often pointing out the necessity to update our current understanding. However, it is impossible to think about a change of paradigm in biology without introducing new explanatory mechanisms. I shall introduce the mechanisms of teleonomy and teleology as viable explanatory tools. Teleonomy is the ability of organisms to build themselves through internal forces and processes (in the expression of the genetic program) and not external ones, implying a freedom relative to the exterior; however, the organism is able to integrate internal and external constraints in a process of co-adaptation. Teleology is that mechanism through which an organism exercises an informational control on another system in order to establish an equivalence class and select some specific information for its metabolic needs. Finally, I shall examine some interesting processes in phylogeny, ontogeny, and epigeny in which these two mechanisms are involved.
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- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Multi Dimensional Taxonomy of Bio-inspired Systems Based on Model Driven Architecture.
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Mili, Seif and Meslati, Djamel
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COMPUTER architecture ,TAXONOMY ,METAPHOR ,GENETIC algorithms ,COMPUTER software - Abstract
The biological metaphor is an analogy between the biological world and the artificial world that enables us to benefit from artificial approaches by imitating some biological aspects while ignoring others. The biological metaphors, also called bio-inspired approaches, depend not only, on the biological field considered, but also on our understanding of that field and the paradigms and means we use to extract practical and useful elements to model some aspects of that field. Today, there is a huge number of metaphors which are different by their very nature and this number is expected to increase according to our inspiration capabilities. In front of this increasing numbers of metaphors it becomes necessary to define the main features of each one in order to evaluate their practical impact, to compare them, to ease their learning and use, to combine them, etc., finding the main or common features of bio-inspired approaches is not an easy task. Although, significant achievement can be noticed in some fields like artificial neural networks or genetic algorithms, a common agreement on definitions and concepts of a huge number of bio-inspired approaches is still lacking. In this article, we propose a multi-dimensional approach based on the Model Driven Architecture (MDA) to describe conceptually a wide range of bio-inspired approaches. Our starting point is to consider that each bio-inspired approach has two aspects: Structural aspect and Behavioural aspect. While the structural aspect is concerned with the involved elements and their relationships, the behavioural aspect deals with the process by which a computing is achieved in an artificial system based on the considered bio-inspired approach. Our choice of the MDA paradigm is justified by its ability to describe uniformly various intricate processes and artefacts involved in the development of software systems. As a preliminary result, our description approach proved to be effective in characterizing a wide range of bio-inspired systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
5. Epigenetic information – Unexplored source of natural variation
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Ovidiu Paun and Mark W. Chase
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Genetics ,epigeny ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Natural variation ,biology.organism_classification ,genomic DNA ,Taxon ,environmental influence ,orchids ,Epigenetics ,Dactylorhiza traunsteineri ,hybridization ,fingerprinting analyses - Abstract
Rapid progress is being made at the population-level in orchids, with a series of new molecular techniques being applied. One of the major problems observed in several groups of temperate orchids has been that ecologically distinct “taxa” do not appear to be genetically distinct. For example, we know that Dactylorhiza traunsteineri, D. majalis, and D. ebudensis are the products of hybridization between D. fuchsii and D. incarnata, but they have different ecologies and distributions within northwestern Europe. By comparing fingerprinting analyses of expressed regions to fingerprinting studies of methylation-sensitive sites in genomic DNA, we can detect patterns that indicate that some of these differences are due to changing epigenetic effects, which have been shown in several groups to be subject to environmental influence. Thus, taxa that are ecologically distinct but still appear genetically uniform may be the result of altered epigenetic controls of gene expression without any change in the underlying genetic material. Con la aplicación de nuevas técnicas moleculares, rápidos avances se han hecho para comprender la organización de las orquídeas a nivel de poblaciones. Uno de los mayores problemas encontrados en varios grupos de orquídeas de zonas temperadas, ha sido que los taxa ecológicamente diferentes, al parecer son genéticamente similares. Por ejemplo, sabemos que Dactylorhiza traunsteineri, D. majalis, y D. ebudensis son resultado de la hibridización de D. fuchsii y D. incarnata, pero éstas tienen ecología y distribución diferentes dentro del nor-oeste de Europa. A través de la comparación de análisis “fingerprint” de regiones expresadas, con estudios “fingerprint” de sitios sensibles a la metilación en ADN genómico, podemos detectar patrones que indican que algunas de estas diferencias se deben a efectos epigenéticos, los cuales han sido encontrados en varios grupos que han sido expuestos a la influencia del ambiente. Así, taxa que son ecológicamente diferentes, pero que son al parecer genéticamente uniformes, podrían ser el resultado de la expression de genes, debido a una alteración de los controles epigenéticos, pero sin que haya ocurrido ningún cambio en el material genético.
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- 2011
6. LUIT : Language, a Unified and Integrative Theory
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Kirtchuk, Pablo, Langues et civilisations à tradition orale (LACITO), Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kirtchuk, Pablo, and M.-M. Jocelyne Fernandez-Vest
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onomatopoetics ,interactive nature of language ,non-person ,accusativity ,+language+faculty%22">dynamics: interlocution > language faculty ,borrowing ,context ,intonation ,Amerind ,sub- (not supra-) segmentals ,[SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics ,grammaticalization ,overrides segmental phonology ,verb ,focalisation-topicalisation ,biology ,Pilagá ,noun ,into-prosody ,Greenberg ,emprunt ,Lamarck ,crosslinguistic empiric data ,Semitics ,émergence de la catégorie secondaire verbe ,pragmatics ,emergence of the secondary category verb ,actancy ,non-personne ,autopoiesis ,internal hierarchy of the utterance ,interaction ,conceptualization) ,Guarani ,expressivitty ,+langue%22">parole > langue ,ontogénie ,phylogénie ,proto-sapiens ,Hebrew ,iconicité ,function ,diachrony ,+system%22">praxis > system ,synchrony ,reduplication scalarity ,into-prosodie ,dynamique ,topicalization ,primauté de la pragmatique et de la phonologie sub- (et non supra-) segmentale ,loanability scale ,typology ,cognition ,Hispanic ,subsegmentals & cosegmentals ,zero marking ,Spanish ,phylogeny ,Indo-european ,multiple encoding ,perspective translinguiistique ,origin of language ,+grammar%22">discourse > grammar ,prosody ,anaphore = Intra-Discursive deixis ,deixis ,Maturana (& Varela) ,languaging ,dynamics ,focalization ,tabou ,human dimension of language ,Aramaic ,taboo ,ontogeny ,12 pp ,données empiriques ,Popper ,diachronie ,+interlocution+>+discours+>+lgrammaire%22">interaction > interlocution > discours > lgrammaire ,i.e. into-prosody ,pragmatics primes over grammar ,+interlocution+>+discourse+>+grammar%22">interaction > interlocution > discourse > grammar ,ergativity ,biological nature of language ,iconicity ,Afroasiatic ,créologénie ,valency ,creologeny ,diaglottics ,evolution ,nature biologique du langage ,Théorie du Langage ,epigeny ,Quechua ,synchronie ,Linguistic theory ,segmentals ,[SHS.LANGUE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics ,+categorisation%22">communication (> categorisation ,biphonematism of the Semitic root ,complexity ,rhématisation-thématisation ,paleontology ,Darwin - Abstract
This is the state-of-the-art abridged version of my book 'LUIT : Language - a Unified and Integrative Theory', which I am currently preparing. The principles explicited here emerge from a thorough analysis of cross-linguistic data. Language is a biological phenomenon anchored in pragmatic context, which nevertheless allows to attain the symbolic level. Language is by no means a self-contained system, quite the opposite : it reflects the nature of its speakers, determined both by pre-linguistic factors and by language itself. Grammar is therefore not its own solution. There are correlations between the differents realms in which the dynamics of language operates : ontogeny, phylogeny, epigeny, creologeny, diachrony, synchrony, borrowing. The syntax-semantics interface is interesting, but is contained within the systematized part of language : there are other factiors, which are those that determine structure and override it. Linguistics must investigate also the non-systematic, non-structural, non-grammatical aspects of language. Permanent communication > (anatomization, physiologization, géenetization) > Language faculty > Discourse > Grammar. Pragmatics and context are present all the time to varying extents. Language does not translmit pre-existing information: to some extent, it creates it., Il s'agit de la version actuelle (abrégée) de mon livre 'LUIT : Language - a Unified and Integrative Theory', en cours de rédaction. Sont énoncés les principes dégagés lors de l'élaboration de la théorie sur la base de donnés empiriques dans une perspective trans-linguistique. Le langage est un phénomène biologique ancré dans le contexte pragmatique permettant toutefois d'accéder au niveau symbolique. Le langage n'est pas un système fermé sur lui-même, bien au contraire : il reflète la nature des membres de l'espèce qui s'en est dotée, nature déterminée à la fois par des facteurs pré-linguistiques et par le langage lui-même. La grammaire n'est donc pas sa propre solution. Il y a des corrélats entre les différents domaines où s'exerce la dynamique langagière : ontogénie, phylogénie, épigénie, créologénie, diachronie, synchronie, emprunt. L'interface syntaxe-sémantique est intéressante, mais se situe à l'intérieur de la partie structurée du langage : or il y a un tout autre plan, qui est celui qui détermine la structure et prévaut sur elle. La linguistique doit résolument étudier aussi les facteurs non systématiques, non structuraux, non grammaticaux de la nature, l'origine et le fonctionnement du langage. Communication permanente > (anatomisation, physiologisation, génétisation) > Faculté langagière > Discours > Grammaire. La pragmatique et le contexte sont là en permanence, à des degrés variés. Le langage ne fait pas que transmettre de l'information pré-existante : dans une certaine mesure il la créé.
- Published
- 2008
7. Rasgos morfoestructurales de la llanura amázonica del Perú: efecto de la neotéctonica sobre los cambios fluviales y la delimitación de las provincias morfológicas
- Author
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Dumont, Jean-François
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RESEAU HYDROGRAPHIQUE ,Peru ,Subandes ,fluvial network ,neotectonics ,oriented lakes ,epigeny ,subsidence ,GEOLOGIE REGIONALE ,NEOTECTONIQUE ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,GEOMORPHOLOGIE ,Perú ,subsidencia ,epigenie ,lagos orientados ,subandino ,red fluvial ,neotectónica ,Pérou ,subandin ,réseau fluvial ,néotectonique ,épigénie ,lacs orientés ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Morphostructural trends of the amazonian regions of Peru: the effect of neotectonics on fluvial changes and upland wetland boundaries Abstracts The Amazonian regions of Peru are discussed within the context of current knowledge on recent Andean tectonics and their impact on river drainage. The main morphostructural provinces are the foothills or Subandean Zone which are bordered on the east by large depressions in the Marañón Basin of northeastern Peru, the Madre de Dios region of southern Peru and further to the east the Brazilian craton (Iquitos Geanticline). The structural framework of the Subandean Zone consists of the Subandean Thrust and Fold Belt (STFB) West which crops out mostly in the Upper Foothills, and the Subandean Tilted Block Zone (STBZ) East which is concentrated mainly in the Lower Foothills. The main rivers which cross the STFB are antecedent or superimposed, but the secondary drainage channels conform to these structures and are subsequent. The STBZ river basins run parallel to the structural contour. The Marañón basin comprises a northern depression along the Pastaza River, and to the south is the large Ucamara depression with its extended floodplains and structurally controlled lakes. To the east, the Iquitos geanticline represents a positively epeirogenic structure on the western border of the South American craton. The rivers showing active meander belts (Marañón, Ucayali and Tapiche) are drained by white (silty) water from the Andes. Watersheds are drained by stable black water (from organic acids) streams with underfit patterns like the Samiria and Pacaya rivers. The underfit pattern is interpreted as the abandonment of formerly active large streams of white water. The position in the depression of the black water streams suggests successive shiftings of the Marañón and Ucayali rivers respectively northward (50 km) and southeastward (100 km) during the recent time, probably the Holocene. The geodynamical environment of the Ucamara depression suggests a close relation between the recent tectonic activity and the successive shifting of the Marañón and Ucayali rivers. The three large areas of swamp and lakes are presented: the Concordia, Puinahua and the Punga lakes. Their features are discussed in relation to deep faults and fold belts in the basement. Neotectonic data as well as data from earthquake focal mechanisms are compared to the present morphostructural scheme of the area, and discussed in term of quaternary tectonic evolution., Caractères morphostructuraux de la plaine amazonienne du pérou : effet de la néotectonique sur les changement des cours fluviaux et sur la délimitation des provinces morphologiques Résumé Différents secteurs de l'Amazonie péruvienne sont présentés en relation avec la néotectonique andine et la réaction du drainage fluvial. Les principales provinces morphostructurales sont : le piémont ou zone subandine, bordé vers l'Est par les bassins d'avant-pays, bassin du Marañón au nord-est et bassin de Madre de Dios au sud-est. A l'Est du bassin du Marañón, le craton brésilien apparaît dans le géanticlinal d'Iquitos. La zone subandine comprend deux sous-zones structurales : une bande relativement continue de terrains plissés et chevauchants (STFB), et une zone de blocks basculés (STBZ) au niveau du Pérou central uniquement, à l'Est de la STFB. Les grandes rivières qui traversent la STFB sont épigéniques (antécédentes ou surimposées), alors que le drainage secondaire est subséquent. Dans la STBZ les grandes rivières sont canalisées parallèlement aux directions structurales, généralement des failles. Le bassin du Marañón comprend deux dépressions : l'une au nord le long de la rivière Pastaza, l'autre au sud, nommée dépression Ucamara, est une vaste plaine d'inondation avec des lacs limités structuralement. À l'Est, le géanticlinal d'Iquitos représente une structure épirogénique positive en bordure occidentale du craton sud-américain. Les larges rivières présentant des cours instables (Marañón, Ucayali et Tapiche) charrient des eaux blanches (silteuses) issues des Andes, alors que la plaine amazonienne est drainée par de petites rivières peu mobiles, aux eaux noires (acides organiques). Ces rivières d'eaux noires (Samiria, Pacaya) sont sous-adaptées, et sont interprétées comme des cours abandonnés de l'Ucayali et du Marañón. Leurs positions suggèrent des sauts successifs des cours du Marañón et de l'Ucayali respectivement vers le nord (50 km) et vers le sud-est (100 km) durant une période récente, probablement limitée à l'Holocène. L'environnement géodynamique de la dépression Ucamara suggère une relation étroite entre les sauts successifs et de direction constante des lits fluviaux et l'activité néotectonique. Les trois grandes zones de lacs et marécages de la dépression Ucamara, Concordia, Puinahua et Punga, sont présentées et leurs caractéristiques discutées en relation avec les structures du fond du bassin (failles et plis). Les données néotectoniques et sismotectoniques des régions environnantes sont comparées aux données morphostructurales, et discutées en terme d'évolution tectonique quaternaire., Resumen Se presentan las regiones de la Amazonía peruana en relación con la tectónica reciente andina y con la respuesta del drenaje fluvial. Las principales provincias morfoestructurales son: el piedemonte o Zona Subandina (antepaís) que está bordeado hacia el este por grandes depresiones (antefosa) en el noreste (Cuenca del Marañón) y el sureste (Madre de Dios) del Perú, y el Cratón Brasileño (Geoanticlinal de Iquitos) más al este. Estructuralmente, la Zona Subandina comprende 2 subzonas: la faja escurrida y plegada subandina (Subandean thrust and fold belt, STFB), que aflora principalmente en el piedemonte superior y la Zona subandina de bloques basculados (Subandean tilted block zone, STBZ). Los principales ríos que atraviesan la STFB son antecedentes o sobreimpuestos, pero el drenaje secundario es conforme a las estructuras (subsecuente). En la STBZ las cuencas fluviales están canalizadas paralelamente al grano estructural. La Cuenca del Marañón comprende, al norte, una depresión a lo largo del río Pastaza, y al sur, la gran depresión de Ucamara con extensas llanuras de inundación y lagos controlados tectónicamente. Hacia el este, el Geoanticlinal de Iquitos representa una estructura epirogénica positiva en el borde occidental del cratón sudamericano. Los ríos con fuerte dinámica fluvial (Marañón, Ucayali y Tapiche) tienen aguas blancas (limosas) provenientes de los Andes. Las áreas interfluviales son drenadas por ríos pequeños de aguas negras (con ácidos orgánicos), como el Pacaya y el Samiria. El patrón subadaptado de estos ríos de aguas negras se interpreta por la presencia anterior de cursos de aguas blancas en estas partes. La posición que ocupan los ríos subadaptados de aguas negras en la Depresión Ucamara sugiere una migración del Marañón hacia al Norte (50 km) y del Ucayali hacia el Sureste (100 km) durante la época reciente, probablemente el Holoceno. Se describe los grandes pantanos y lagos de la Depresión Ucamara, y se discute sus relaciones con el patrón estructural del basamento. Se discuten varios ejemplos de campo característicos y se intenta definir el efecto relativo de las deformaciones neotectónicas sobre el drenaje fluvial y las actuales morfoestructuras., Dumont Jean-François. Rasgos morfoestructurales de la llanura amázonica del Perú: efecto de la neotéctonica sobre los cambios fluviales y la delimitación de las provincias morfológicas. In: Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Études Andines, tome 21, N°3, 1992. pp. 801-833.
- Published
- 1992
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