1. Specialized diet therapies: exploration for improving behavior in autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
- Author
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Jagoda Jóźwik-Pruska, Mostafa I. Waly, Geir Bjørklund, Max Stanley Chartrand, Lyudmila Pivina, Jan Aaseth, Salvatore Chirumbolo, Joeri Jan Pen, Md. Mostafizur Rahman, Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska, Yahya M. Al-Farsi, Nagwa A. Meguid, Maryam Dadar, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Pathology/molecular and cellular medicine, and Diabetes Clinic
- Subjects
Adolescent ,Autism Spectrum Disorder ,Population ,autism ,Biochemistry ,casein ,Neurodevelopmental disorder ,mental disorders ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,education ,environmental stressors ,Pharmacology ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,Physical health ,medicine.disease ,Gut microbiome ,epigenetic stressors ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Malnutrition ,Autism spectrum disorder ,gluten ,Etiology ,Molecular Medicine ,Autism ,diet ,genetic ,business ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
As a major neurodevelopmental disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) encompasses deficits in communication and repetitive and restricted interests or behaviors in childhood and adolescence. Its etiology may come from either a genetic, epigenetic, neurological, hormonal, or an environmental cause, generating pathways that often altogether play a synergistic role in the development of ASD pathogenesis. Furthermore, the metabolic origin of ASD should be important as well. A balanced diet consisting of the essential and special nutrients, alongside the recommended caloric intake, is highly recommended to promote growth and development that withstand the physiologic and behavioral challenges experienced by ASD children. In this review paper, we evaluated many studies that show a relationship between ASD and diet to develop a better understanding of the specific effects of the overall diet and the individual nutrients required for this population. This review will add a comprehensive update of knowledge in the field and shed light on the possible nutritional deficiencies, metabolic impairments (particularly in the gut microbiome), and malnutrition in individuals with ASD, which should be recognized in order to maintain the improved socio-behavioral habit and physical health.
- Published
- 2020