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Este artículo ofrece una reflexión sobre la peste de media-dos del siglo XVII que afectó a la isla de Cerdeña (situada en el centro del Mar Mediterráneo), donde se pone de re-lieve un análisis de ciertos elementos que marcaron la difu-sión de la enfermedad en todo el territorio sardo. Aquí se evidencian los métodos de control, desde las políticas pú-blicas: se conformó un grupo de expertos, que fueron obli-gados a negar la existencia de la enfermedad, y cuando la muerte ya no pudo esconderse se organizaron patrullajes armados para impedir que escaparan de la villa, también se inciaron cuarentenas en las iglesias rurales y se indicó destrucción de las casas de los infectados; en la economía: pertenecer a la nobleza condicionaba una alimentación de calidad, así como acceso a servicios médicos y menor gra-do de contagio, así mismo se procuró la seguridad alimen-taria como prioridad en salud; la religión con su cultura: muestra que el origen de la peste era un castigo de dios, el cual se combatía con rezo y penitencia, y el agua caliente para limpieza personal estaba contraindicado. La relación de esta epidemia no dista mucho de lo que se presentó en la pandemia de COVID-19, por lo que debemos reconocer la historicidad del proceso en salud, enfermedad, atención, cuidado, muerte, para las próximas pandemias

El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer los cambios ocurridos en la migración mexicana hacia Estados Unidos antes, durante y después de la COVID-19. El periodo de antes abarca de 2017 a 2019, el de durante corresponde a la etapa de confinamiento en 2020 y el de después se refiere al momento en que la vida cotidiana comenzó a normalizarse en 2021. En su realización se utilizaron diversas fuentes de información, tanto del país de origen como del país de destino. Entre los principales hallazgos de la investigación se destaca que la migración desde México mostraba una tendencia de recuperación previa a la contingencia y que no se detuvo a pesar de las restricciones migratorias durante el confinamiento de 2020. Además, empezó a hacerse evidente la importancia de la migración documentada de trabajadores agrícolas. En 2021, los diversos flujos migratorios de mexicanos hacia el norte continuaron aumentando, y del total de detenidos por la Patrulla Fronteriza, tres de cada cuatro no fueron deportados. Estamos presenciando el inicio de una nueva etapa migratoria que podría denominarse sistema migratorio mixto.

This article tries to include the climatic factor to the set of variables that can explain the spread of the yellow fever epidemic of 1871 in Buenos Aires. To do this, it reconstructs the climatic conditions of the period and analyzes the reading that the medical community made on the climate-society-disease relationship. It is concluded that the climatic conditions of 1871 were elementary for the spread of the disease. The high thermal level, together with the percentage of humidity and the precipitations allowed the development of the vector mosquito. The sudden drop in temperature, together with the human habit of heating the house and the particularity of the Aedes Aegypti at home, allowed the disease to circulate despite the low temperatures. On the other hand, the consideration of climatic conditions as the etiology of the epidemic by medical hygienists, together with the large number of immigrant victims, revived both discussions about the problem of acclimatization of foreigners, as well as concerns about the future. of the "national race". The originality of the work lies in the fact that the climatic conditions, and the perceptions around it, as an object of study, have been little explored in the historiographical productions that dealt with the 1871 epidemic. Climatic statistics for the decade 1861-1871 were elaborated, in order to compare and identify the particularity of the atmospheric variability of the plague year. At the same time, meeting and disagreement points were established in various qualitative sources (medical theses, magazines, newspapers, brochures and stories from European travelers), with respect to the perception that their contemporaries had about the climatic influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Law & International Relations / Relações Internacionais no Mundo is the property of Relacoes Internacionais no Mundo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The possibilities to suffer from the postcovid-19 syndrome grow as the pandemic expands. Objective: To identify the risk factors related to the postcovid-19 syndrome in residents from Pinar del Río. Methods: A cases and controls study that included covid-19 convalescents was carried out. They were assisted in the multidisciplinary service of Luis Augusto Turcios Lima Polyclinic of Pinar del Rio province during 2022 that were included in 2 groups at random, at a ratio of 1:2 (100 cases and 200 controls). The statistical analysis was based on an univaried strategy, for which the odds ratio was determined for each risk factor and the confidence intervals were considered at 95 %, as well as the chi-square test, with a significance level of p<0,05. Results: In the study there was a prevalence of the female sex, diabetes mellitus, pharmacological treatment, ventilation support, the presence of established sequels and complications. Conclusions: In spite of identifying the most frequent risk factors related to the postcovid-19 syndrome, it is still a challenge for health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabajo es un acercamiento histórico al violento y mortal asesino que fue la epidemia de viruela de 1779-1780, la cual causó una terrible mortandad en el Virreinato de la Nueva España. En particular, este se centrará en la región de Izúcar, ubicado en el suroeste del actual Estado de Puebla, de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. El objetivo principal es identificar el impacto de mortandad que hubo en dicha región de Izúcar causada por la viruela, y que obligó a las autoridades civiles del sitio a solicitar a las autoridades virreinales rebajar un tercio los tributos de esa región.

Derivado de la pandemia, las instituciones educativas tuvieron que implementar estrategias de enseñanza en línea para que sus estudiantes pudieran continuar con sus estudios. El objetivo de esta investigación, realizada bajo un enfoque cualitativo con alcance no experimental, de corte transversal, de tipo descriptiva explicativa, es conocer la perspectiva que tienen sobre la educación remota de emergencia 273 estudiantes, que iniciaron sus estudios en agosto-diciembre 2020 en las Facultades y Escuelas del C-IV de la Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UNACH). Los resultados revelaron que el 64.4% de los estudiantes coincide en que la UNACH les proporcionó los recursos para su aprendizaje en línea, sin embargo, el 56.6% de ellos no se adaptan a dicha modalidad, ya que hay inseguridad sobre la calidad de los aprendizajes, el 79.4% piensan que sus clases son deficientes, debido a problemas con el internet y las estrategias didácticas empleadas por los maestros.

El presente artículo intenta aproximarse a la (re) construcción social del espacio urbano experimentado en la ciudad de Buenos Aires cuando asoló la epidemia de fiebre amarilla en 1871. Desde un enfoque interdisciplinario, se emplean las categorías analíticas de imaginarios urbanos, sujeto habitante, lugar, topofilia y topofobia, provenientes de la geografía humanística y de los estudios urbanos para explorar cómo se reconfiguró el espacio urbano durante la epidemia. Se analizan los imaginarios urbanos del espacio como peligroso, infecto y de miedo, por un lado, y en contrapartida, imaginarios del espacio como saludable y esperanzador. Para alcanzar dichos objetivos, el trabajo analiza un corpus documental diverso que abarca estadísticas, artículos periodísticos, tratados médicos, cartografías y autobiografía

Currently, among 36 species of the Vibrio genus, 12 are potentially pathogenic to humans. The purpose of this study is to present the properties and pathogenicity of the Vibrio bacilli. The Vibrio family are pathogenic to humans causing dangerous infectious diseases that may often be fatal in the absence of effective therapy, but are also an infectious agent among animals. The most characteristic representative of the Vibrionaceae family is the species Vibrio cholerae. There are two strains that disrupt the water and electrolyte balance in humans: V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae O139. The V. cholerae O1 serotype has two biotypes: classical and El Tor. Three serotypes are distinguished in each biotype – Inaba, Ogawa and Hikojima. The El Tor biotype shows the ability to survive and colonize the human body, causing chronic carrier state. Infections caused by species other than V. cholerae are referred to by the prefix "non" or NAG (Non-AgglutinatinG-Vibrio) – V. cholerae non-O1 and V. cholerae non-O139. They are found in natural bodies of water, lakes, estuaries and marine waters. In Poland, V. cholerae non-O1 and V. cholerae non-O139 were confirmed in previous years in the Bug River, near the border with Ukraine, during the summer-autumn period.

Los traslados preventivos de familias y autoridades fuera de las ciudades en periodos de epidemia son una constante histórica que puede comprobarse en la Cataluña de la baja Edad Media. A lo largo de la secuencia de brotes posteriores a la Peste Negra y hasta inicios del siglo XVI se documenta esta dinámica en el conjunto de la red urbana catalana y de otros territorios de la Corona de Aragón. En el presente artículo se examinan lo que no siempre fueron huidas desesperadas, sino reacciones que se acaban integrando con relativa normalidad en el funcionamiento de las instituciones. Asimismo, se evalúan el alcance y los límites de utilizar estos traslados al entorno rural en momentos de contagio como indicador para avanzar en la reconstrucción de la secuencia epidémica de la Cataluña del siglo XV centrándonos en los casos significativos de las ciudades de Barcelona y Girona a partir de dos fuentes complementarias, vinculadas a sus respectivos gobiernos municipales.

El presente artículo analiza el impacto de la epidemia de fiebres o tifo de 1814 en los pueblos de indios tlaxcaltecas del noreste, en los casos de San Esteban, Santa María de las Parras, San Francisco de Tlaxcala, San Miguel de Aguayo y El Álamo. Esta epidemia fue una de las más mortíferas que se hayan registrado, en comparación con otros casos del noreste. Debido a su intensidad, fue uno de los factores que mermaron la población de los pueblos tlaxcaltecas y ayudaron a diluir su identidad, aunado al liberalismo gaditano, que estaba haciendo caduco el sistema de estamentos y privilegios en aras de la igualdad ante la ley.

O tomate é um fruto muito importante para alimentação e economia mundial, contudo, sofre ataques de diversos microrganismos fitopatogênicos, que diminuem sua produtividade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a fitopatometria da murcha bacteriana (Ralstonia pseudosalanacearum) em gerações de tomateiro. O delineamento estatístico foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (6 x 2), com 12 tratamentos constituídos dos genitores Yoshimatsu (testemunha de resistência), IPA-7 (testemunha de suscetibilidade) e das gerações F1, F2, RC11 e RC12 avaliados aos 10 e 20 dias após a inoculação. Através da escala descritiva de notas da murcha bacteriana no tomateiro foi realizada a fitopatometria da doença avaliando Incidência (INC), Indicie de Murcha Bacteriana (IMB), Indicie da Doença (ID), Área Abaixo da Curva do Progresso da Doença (AACPD), Taxa de Infecção (TI) e Período de Latência (PL 50). Houve interação significativa entre gerações e as épocas de avaliações para as variáveis Incidência, Índice de Murcha Bacteriana e Índice da Doença. A testemunha Yoshimatsu demonstrou resistência nas duas épocas de avaliação; Para as variáveis Íncidência, Índice de Murcha Bacteriana e Índice da Doença a testemunha IPA-7 e as gerações RC12 e F2 demonstraram suscetibilidade; segundo as variáveis Área Abaixo da Curva do Progresso da Doença, Taxa de Infecção e Período de Latência a murcha bacteriana (R. pseudosolanacearumem) se caracterizou como epidêmica.

O relato de caso apresentado neste trabalho, aborda a relação do uso da cocaína e o acidente vascular cerebral após um paciente adulto jovem chegar a uma unidade especializada com déficits neurológicos e histórico de uso de drogas ilícitas de forma aguda e de longa data, sem outras comorbidades constatadas. Além disso, apresentou exames laboratoriais e sorológicos sem alterações significativas. O único fator de risco identificado no caso em tela para o acidente vascular foi, portanto, o uso de cocaína. Assim, neste trabalho, enfatiza-se eventual relação entre o uso da cocaína com o caso em tela.

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Copyright of Revista Complutense de Educación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Prace Jezykoznawcze is the property of University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Prace Jezykoznawcze is the property of University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dengue has emerged as a public health problem in Brazil and has been expanding continuously. It is an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes aegypti, frequent in Brazil and predominantly urban. The objective was to analyze the incidence of dengue between 2007 and 2021 in Paraná and Health Regions. A retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study was carried out based on dengue bulletins, available on the SESA/PR website, with historical analysis between 2007 and 2021. The data showed great variability in the occurrence of cases, temporal and spatial, and there were five epidemic cases of dengue, which were in the years 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016 and 2020, with an incidence of 312.21; 498.62; 306.45; 472.17 and 1,804.44 cases/100,000 inhabitants respectively. Mosquito population dynamics explain the endemic peaks that occur annually at different intensities. The regions of Londrina, Foz de Iguaçu and Maringá are the ones that presented the highest number of epidemic episodes in the state in the fourteen years. For prevention, the state and regions encourage municipalities to carry out strategies with the population to combat dengue and seek to strengthen case notifications. In the state of Paraná, the vaccine was used in 2016 in 30 municipalities with high incidence of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When humans discovered agriculture and livestock, they ceased to be nomads and began to settle in towns until they created large cities. From the first human settlements in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Anatolian Peninsula, populations were exposed and susceptible to new infectious agents, leading to epidemics and pandemics. Great civilizations emerged, such as Egypt, the land of Hatti, Israel, Greece, Carthage, and Rome, among others. Contact between different populations through wars or maritime trade is well documented and has been described as a source of epidemics throughout history. Epidemics described as plagues or pestilences, such as those of Egypt, the Hebrews, or the Hittites, are based on biblical texts or evidence such as tablets or hieroglyphic writings. We also reviewed classical books by authors such as Homer, Aeschylus, Herodotus of Halicarnassus, Thucydides, Diodorus Siculus, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Titus Livius, Suetonius, and others; and described all epidemics/pandemics chronologically. This article describes the epidemics/pandemics for which there is written evidence from ancient Egypt to the fall of the Roman Empire. We should not be surprised when new epidemics/pandemics appear as causes of political and economic collapse, as this has been common throughout history, decimating, blocking, or even destroying cultures and civilizations repeatedly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Os sensores vestíveis são uma tecnologia emergente para monitorar sinais vitais, tendo a vantagem de reduzir o desconforto e interferir amigavelmente nas atividades diárias de qualquer paciente. O foco deste artigo é revisar as tecnologias vestíveis publicadas usadas para monitorar sinais biomédicos em pacientes infectados por coronavírus. Seis tipos diferentes de mecanismos de busca foram utilizados. Os artigos foram selecionados e validados por meio dos critérios da ferramenta AMSTAR 2, a fim de verificar a qualidade desta revisão. Foram selecionados 21 artigos, publicados no período temporal de 2016 a 2021, e tabulados de acordo com o tipo de tecnologia, abordagem de processamento e sinais monitorados. Os artigos selecionados são amplamente discutidos com base na aplicabilidade, eficácia e desafios da tecnologia para o acompanhamento domiciliar. Este artigo chama a atenção para a necessidade de mais investimentos em biossensores vestíveis para monitoramento domiciliar, principalmente devido ao atual cenário pandêmico. Pode-se concluir que os sensores do tipo homecare necessitam de mais investigações em termos de sua eficiência em relação às abordagens padrão ouro de monitoramento domiciliar de pacientes com COVID-19.

INTRODUCIÓN. En febrero de 2018, como parte de un proyecto de I+D+I, se celebró en la Universidad de Málaga un workshop. El evento, que marcó el inicio de un ambicioso proceso de Investigación Acción Participativa, reunió a más de 100 personas de toda España deseosas de luchar contra la segregación escolar y donde se expuso la situación de vulnerabilidad, desigualdad y exclusión que viven los niños, niñas y jóvenes que son categorizados con Necesidades Educativas Especiales (NEE). Dos años después sobrevino la pandemia por COVID-19, con su confinamiento total, iniciado en marzo de 2020. Estas páginas analizan cómo afectó dicho período al alumnado etiquetado de NEE, con la pretensión de saber cómo y en qué medida ha afectado a la desigualdad evidenciada previamente. MÉTODO. Para ello, recuperamos los testimonios transcritos de un grupo de familias en su participación en el Workshop, y antes de finalizar el confinamiento total en España (entre abril y mayo de 2020), generamos una serie de cuatro grupos focales online en los que analizaban los procesos de exclusión y la desigualdad vividos en esta etapa, generando reflexiones particulares y colectivas que permitían ahondar en el modo en que habían cambiado sus situaciones. RESULTADOS. Las evidencias ponen de manifiesto un incremento de las desigualdades previas que sufría este alumnado y sus familias, vinculado a las demandas de la escuela, a comunicaciones inadecuadas y a una profunda invisibilización de este colectivo. DISCUSIÓN. Todo ello permite profundizar en el valor educativo de la presencialidad en la escuela para dicho alumnado y sus familias, así como su importancia en la inclusión y la equidad del sistema, que ha de ser intensamente reforzada.INTRODUCIÓN. En febrero de 2018, como parte de un proyecto de I+D+I, se celebró en la Universidad de Málaga un workshop. El evento, que marcó el inicio de un ambicioso proceso de Investigación Acción Participativa, reunió a más de 100 personas de toda España deseosas de luchar contra la segregación escolar y donde se expuso la situación de vulnerabilidad, desigualdad y exclusión que viven los niños, niñas y jóvenes que son categorizados con Necesidades Educativas Especiales (NEE). Dos años después sobrevino la pandemia por COVID-19, con su confinamiento total, iniciado en marzo de 2020. Estas páginas analizan cómo afectó dicho período al alumnado etiquetado de NEE, con la pretensión de saber cómo y en qué medida ha afectado a la desigualdad evidenciada previamente. MÉTODO. Para ello, recuperamos los testimonios transcritos de un grupo de familias en su participación en el Workshop, y antes de finalizar el confinamiento total en España (entre abril y mayo de 2020), generamos una serie de cuatro grupos focales online en los que analizaban los procesos de exclusión y la desigualdad vividos en esta etapa, generando reflexiones particulares y colectivas que permitían ahondar en el modo en que habían cambiado sus situaciones. RESULTADOS. Las evidencias ponen de manifiesto un incremento de las desigualdades previas que sufría este alumnado y sus familias, vinculado a las demandas de la escuela, a comunicaciones inadecuadas y a una profunda invisibilización de este colectivo. DISCUSIÓN. Todo ello permite profundizar en el valor educativo de la presencialidad en la escuela para dicho alumnado y sus familias, así como su importancia en la inclusión y la equidad del sistema, que ha de ser intensamente reforzada.

En este artículo se analiza la epidemia de viruela de 1796-1797 en la parroquia de Teotitlán del Valle y en la ciudad de Antequera, bajo un enfoque social y demográfico, el cual permitirá conocer, por un lado, las acciones de las autoridades civiles, eclesiásticas y médicas para frenar el avance de la epidemia y las reacciones de la población ante estas y, por el otro, los efectos demográficos de la viruela, principalmente, en las personas que nacieron después de la epidemia de 1780. El discurso de las autoridades y la población se analizó a partir de documentos de archivo, mientras que la información parroquial que da sustento al trabajo demográfico con el método agregativo. Se pudo observar que la intensidad de la epidemia fue menos mortífera, en relación con la precedente, debido probablemente a la aplicación de medidas como la variolización y el aislamiento de los enfermos, pero estas no fueron del todo aceptadas y se suscitaron ciertas “reacciones” en contra.

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Copyright of Epidemiological Review / Przegląd Epidemiologiczny is the property of National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The health-disease process in Mexico during the 19th century cannot be understood without its religious component. Taking care of the sick was an act of charity led by different religious orders. During epidemics, and when medicine was ineffective, people found refuge in faith, and supported votive offerings as a currency of payment for a favor received. Votive themes vary depending on the time of manufacture, 40-70% of ex-votos from the 19th century are health related. We present the ex-voto of Ignasio Rodríguez, a historical document that shows the passage of the first cholera morbus epidemic in 1833 through Guanajuato, Mexico. At the end of the epidemic, 10-12% of the Mexican population died. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artigo pretende identificar os comportamentos coletivos e as estratégias de sobrevivência de uma comunidade do município de Exu, Estado de Pernambuco, diante de uma epidemia de peste bubônica que assolou a região no ano de 1935. Sem acesso à informação ou a serviços de saúde, a população assumiu o protagonismo no enfrentamento à letal moléstia, recorrendo à fé, crendices e saberes transmitidos pela ancestralidade. Como prática metodológica para reconstituir esse episódio recorremos à história oral, na qual o passado não é apresentado tal qual foi, pois não pode ser resgatado como se operássemos uma máquina do tempo, mas tecido a partir das reminiscências das testemunhas em seu lugar de fala no tempo presente. Esses relatos, além do apoio da documentação disponível, nos permitiram dimensionar a vulnerabilidade de uma população pobre, isolada e distante dos centros de poder político diante de um mal devastador e desconhecido para ela.

A esporotricose é uma doença fúngica que acomete humanos e animais, principalmente gatos. Considerada uma zoonose negligenciada, a infecção vem ganhando força no Brasil. Uma doença antes considerada rara, hoje tem pontos endêmicos em vários estados, principalmente no Rio de Janeiro com registro de 3.291 casos confirmados entre 2015 e 2017. Apesar desse crescimento, a conscientização populacional sobre a doença ainda é escassa, o que agrava a disseminação e o descontrole. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre ocorrências da esporotricose humana no Brasil.

Este trabajo trata acerca de los recursos arbitrados en Roma para conjurar las epidemias. Tales recursos constituyen curiosas respuestas irracionales y supersticiosas al fenómeno, en las cuales se involucran religión, magia y derecho. Previamente se tratará de la terminología latina y griega empleada en los textos clásicos para designar lo que hoy en día llamamos ‘epidemia’, así como la etiología de esta de acuerdo con la concepción grecorromana.

En agosto de 2021, las autoridades dieron el visto bueno para el regreso a la modalidad presencial para el ciclo escolar 2021-2022 en México, luego del confinamiento preventivo por COVID-19, bajo la implementación de nueve acciones clave similares a las implementadas durante la pandemia por Influenza A (H1N1) en el 2009, particularmente la capacitación del personal docente y aplicación de filtros sanitarios. Dado que la recuperación experiencias es esencial, tanto para la construcción del conocimiento como para fundamentar estrategias contra emergencias de salud pública basadas en el aprendizaje, el presente trabajo reflexiona acerca de los procesos y resultados de una iniciativa de salud de enfoque participativo realizada en el Estado de Morelos, orientada a la capacitación docente acerca de medidas escolares contra la Influenza A (H1N1), para identificar aprendizajes que puedan aportar a las disposiciones sanitarias del contexto escolar actual relacionado con la pandemia por COVID-19 en México.

Currently, among 36 species of the Vibrio genus, 12 are potentially pathogenic to humans. The purpose of this study is to present the properties and pathogenicity of the Vibrio bacilli. The Vibrio family are pathogenic to humans causing dangerous infectious diseases that may often be fatal in the absence of effective therapy, but are also an infectious agent among animals. The most characteristic representative of the Vibrionaceae family is the species Vibrio cholerae. There are two strains that disrupt the water and electrolyte balance in humans: V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae O139. The V. cholerae O1 serotype has two biotypes: classical and El Tor. Three serotypes are distinguished in each biotype - Inaba, Ogawa and Hikojima. The El Tor biotype shows the ability to survive and colonize the human body, causing chronic carrier state. Infections caused by species other than V. cholerae are referred to by the prefix "non" or NAG (Non-AgglutinatinGVibrio) - V. cholerae non-O1 and V. cholerae non-O139. They are found in natural bodies of water, lakes, estuaries and marine waters. In Poland, V. cholerae non-O1 and V. cholerae non-O139 were confirmed in previous years in the Bug River, near the border with Ukraine, during the summerautumn period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the major concerns since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic has been the possible consequences on mental health. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the incidence and characteristics of cases attending to the Paediatric Emergency Department (PED) of a tertiary hospital for self-harm ideation/attempt in the year prior to the SARS-COV2 pandemic (2019) with those seen during the pandemic (2020-2021). Material and method: Retrospective observational study including patients <18 years seen in the ED for suicidal ideation/attempt from January 2019 to December 2021. Results: During the study period, 54 consultations for suicidal ideation/attempt were attended. The annual incidence was almost identical in 2019 and 2020 [11 (0.02% of total EDs) and 12 cases (0.03%) respectively], rising to 31 episodes (0.15%) in 2021 with two peaks of incidence: at the beginning of the year (January-February) and at the beginning of the school year (September-October). 85.1% of cases were female, 72.2% of Caucasian/European ethnicity. The mean age was 14.2 years (SD: 1.3). 37% had a history of self-harm, 81.4% had psychiatric/psychological pathology and 42.5% had family dysfunction. Suicide attempts accounted for 83.3% of the episodes. Toxic/medication overeating was the most frequent method (62.2%), mainly by psychotropic drugs. Conclusions: In the second year since the start of the pandemic, a striking increase in psychiatric emergencies for suicidal ideation/attempts was observed, which could be evidence of the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a time like ours, overwhelmed by a pandemic that seems to have no end, it is particularly important to approach the historical study of diseases, epidemics, and pandemics that affect various orders of life in societies. Although the 1918 influenza pandemic has been studied by different disciplines, not much attention has been paid to how newspapers reported the development of the disease; that is, how the news regarding the event were being disseminated. Thus, the objective of this article is to show, through the analysis of the articles published in El Informador, a newspaper published in Guadalajara (Jalisco), what type of information was published, the way in which the Jalisco authorities faced the health problem and what strategies they used, what results they obtained, how the population reacted to the health situation and what was its impact on the Jalisco territory. Despite the limits of the journalistic source in terms of specific data on the morbidity and mortality of the epidemic, it constitutes a privileged window to observe the activities undertaken by the state, municipal, and health authorities, as well as the reactions of society regarding the problem they were experiencing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to draw attention to the epidemic situation in the southern Ukrainian lands from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century and to analyze the activities of port quarantine departments of the Black and Azov Seas during this period. The research employs problem-chronological, comparative-historical, statistical and biographical methods. The analysis is based on the sources from the Regional Archives of the Mykolaiv Region and relevant scientific literature. The study reveals the condition of the epidemic-driven country in the period in question, the activities of quarantine departments at the ports of the Russian Empire, as well as how the state and local authorities fought the infections. Reading from archival sources, the author discusses the level of hygiene on military ships, the methods of fighting epidemics, and people’s reactions to quarantine, especially in the Mykolaiv region at the beginning of the 20th century. The epidemic situation in the southern Ukrainian lands from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century resulted from an imperfect policy of the Russian Empire – poorly-developed medical, social, and cultural spheres. It should be noted that during this period, infectious diseases often came to Ukrainian lands from the east. Their spread was facilitated by increased urban population, the movement of military contingents, water contamination by municipal and industrial waste, and insufficient knowledge of social and personal hygiene almost until the end of the 19th century. The main method of preventing epidemics was the introduction of quarantine. It meant full isolation of potentially dangerous ships arriving in port, inspecting them and supplying passengers and crew with quarantine measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo O artigo analisa a epidemia de gripe de 1918 em Diamantina, no interior de Minas Gerais. A partir de fontes bibliográficas e documentais, discute como o ramal ferroviário da Estrada de Ferro Vitória a Minas, inaugurado em 1914, contribuiu para a chegada da doença à cidade que, até então, era representada no discurso de suas elites como isolada e salubre. Aborda as imbricadas relações entre a expansão dos sistemas de transportes pelo interior do Brasil, o meio ambiente, o conhecimento científico e os processos saúde/doença.

En este artículo se analizan las acciones del gobierno de Puerto Rico para enfrentar una epidemia de viruela que se vivió entre 1875 y1876. Se parte del concepto policía médica para identificar las acciones de las autoridades que salvaguardaran la vida de la población. Se destacan los conflictos entre los gobiernos insular y municipal, ya que mientras el municipal intentaba poner en práctica medidas para evitar la llegada de la enfermedad, el insular las detenía para que no se afectara la economía. Entre las acciones del municipio de San Juan se destacan los esfuerzos para eliminar las murallas de la ciudad, una manera de acabar con la superpoblación de la ciudad; realizar una campaña de vacunación y revacunación contra la viruela, porque una parte importante de la población estaba sin vacunar; y establecer un lugar de aislamiento para separar a los contagiados pobres, para evitar el contagio del resto de la población. Esta epidemia fue significativa en la historia de la ciudad de San Juan, porque al finalizar se transformaron las estructuras sanitarias.

Resumo O artigo analisa como a dengue se apresentou como desafio virológico na década de 1980. O objetivo é entender o papel dos estudos virológicos na compreensão da doença e a construção de uma expertise em arboviroses. Embora surtos da doença já tivessem sido relatados ao longo do século XX, a dengue era pouco conhecida nas Américas até a epidemia de dengue hemorrágica em Cuba, em 1981. Quando em 1986 a doença atingiu a cidade de Nova Iguaçu (RJ), a equipe de virologistas liderada por Hermann Schatzmayr tomaria a doença como objeto, mobilizando esforços a partir da criação do Laboratório de Flavivírus do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.

Real de Zimapán was a focus of attention for the Mexico's City Protomedicato in late 1793 and early 1794 due to an epidemic outbreak with no clear diagnosis. After several attempts to find a doctor to assist the sick, José Mustelier accepted the task and went to the Real. His medications and the installation of a temporary hospital worked, erradicating the disease in less than three months, benefiting above all the indigenous people of the area who were the most affected due to the conditions of poverty and hard work in the mines. Social and medical Histories are tied in this research showing the difficulties and benefits obtained in an alarm situation and in a specific region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main premise of this paper is based on the idea that Banksy adopts a historical iconography in the representation of the disease, adapted in language and format to the contemporary context of artistic production. Our aim is the observation and description of the evolution of an artistic theme with a certain iconography. This iconography is changing and adaptable to its historical context. We apply a critical analysis based on the consult of bibliographic references. The results conclude that the pandemic by Covid-19 finds in Banksy a paradigmatic creator of media art, or mediatized, connected to digitization of cultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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