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The intestinal microbiota has an important role in animal health. Therefore, prebiotics have gained interest in the scientific community for their role in manipulating populations of intestinal microorganisms. Among prebiotics, there is Smallanthus sonchifolius Poepp. Endl (yacon) root, which can be ingested in natura or in different forms, such as flours and extracts. This prebiotic has been associated with beneficial effects in different diseases, including metabolic (like type 2 diabetes) and immunological disorders. Thus, mouse models of human diseases caused by immunological factors have been used to better understand the prebiotic effects of yacon. Since prebiotics interfere with animal microbiota, it is important to take into consideration the quality level of mouse facilities. In this way, the beneficial effects of a yacon root pulp were tested in a mouse model of allergic asthma and, considering how animal facility conditions could affect those results, we performed experiments both in conventional facilities and specific pathogen-free (SPF) ones. Our results showed that better prebiotic effects were observed in a SPF facility than in a conventional one and, in some cases, evidence of yacon beneficial effects was observed exclusively in a SPF facility. For example, there were reductions of 63.6% and 58.0% in IgE and eosinophils, respectively, in immunized/yacon-treated animals compared to immunized mice only. Taken together, our results not only showed the beneficial effects of yacon root pulp in an asthma model but also demonstrated the relevance of performing experiments with prebiotics in SPF facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las sibilancias recurrentes del preescolar son un problema prevalente. 50% de todos los niños tiene al menos un episodio de sibilancias en los primeros 6 años. Sin embargo, solo 4 % de los menores de 4 años tiene diagnóstico de asma. Por este motivo es fundamental realizar una adecuada anamnesis y examen físico tendientes a descartar causas secundarias, lo que debe ser complementado con exámenes de laboratorio de acuerdo con la orientación clínica. En la actualidad se recomienda indicar tratamiento de mantención con corticoides inhalados en aquellos niños que tengan episodios repetidos de obstrucción bronquial y que tengan una alta probabilidad de respuesta favorable a esta terapia. Se ha demostrado que aquellos pacientes que tienen un recuento de eosinófilos en sangre > 300 células por mm3 o aquellos que presentan una prueba cutánea positiva o IgE específicas positivas para alergenos inhalados, responderán adecuadamente al tratamiento con esteroides inhalados.

As doenças pulmonares eosinofílicas compõe um grupo heterogêneo de patologias que possuem uma característica em comum: elevado número de eosinófilos nas vias aéreas e no parênquima pulmonar. Uma das formas de eosinofilia pulmonar é a Síndrome de Churg-Strauss (SCS), que é uma doença multissistêmica a qual possui evolução subaguda com três fases clínicas sequenciais: a prodrômica, a eosinofílica e a vasculítica. A hipótese diagnóstica pode ser considerada quando um padrão de opacidades em vidro fosco e consolidações são vistos em paciente com história de asma com eosinofilia.

Foram estudados 52 pacientes adultos e portadores de tumores sólidos malignos, de diversos tipos histológicos, e de localização primária também variada, submetendo-se à poliquimioterapia antineoplásica. Foram distribuídos em 4 grupos: grupo 1 (n= 12) pacientes que receberam radioterapia prévia; grupo II (n= 15) pacientes com invasão neoplásica de serosa; grupo 111 (n 6) pacientes portadores de carcinomas broncogênicos; grupo IV (n= 19) pacientes com tumores sólidos que não se enquadram nos grupos anteriores. Nenhum paciente era portador de doença alérgica ou infecciosa, ou verminose, ou estava em uso de medicamentos que alterassem o número absoluto de eosinófilos. A análise estatística demonstrou a elevação do número de eosinófilos após a quimioterapia antineoplásica nos grupos II e IV. Também, foi observado que a elevação do número de osinófilos correlacionou-se positivamente à melhor responsividade terapêutica à quimioterapia, principalmente no grupo II. Foram aventadas as prováveis causas do fenômeno, relacionando-as à necrose tumoral e/ou a fatores correspondentes à fase de "reconhecimento" antigênico do complexo processo imunológico em relação às neoplasias.

Eosinophilic pulmonary diseases encompass a heterogeneous group of pathologies characterized by a shared feature: a high number of eosinophils in the airways and lung parenchyma. One manifestation of eosinophilic pulmonary involvement is Churg-Strauss Syndrome (CSS), a multisystemic disease that follows a subacute course with three sequential clinical phases: prodromal, eosinophilic, and vasculitic. The diagnostic hypothesis can be considered when a pattern of ground-glass opacities and consolidations is observed in a patient with a history of eosinophilic asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the phenotype of DRESS syndrome induced by antituberculosis drugs. Methods: Descriptive study, withdrawn from the review of the records of patients with DRESS syndrome, identified in the interconsultation of the Department of Research in Immunogenetics and Allergy, of the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER) Ismael Cosío Villegas, among 2014 and 2020. Frequency analysis was performed. The associations between biomarkers and latency are calculated with the χ² test and log-rank, and the evaluation of the change in the biomarkers with the Wilcoxon test. The value of p < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. For data analysis, the SPSS v.21 program was obtained. Results: 15 patients were identified; represented by 0.02% of total cases treated in the Department for so-meimmuno-allergic condition (15/7052); the main symptomatology were: rash (100%), eosinophilia (93%), fever (80%), adenomegaly (60%), kidney damage (40%), liver damage (33%), and latency of 21 days. Liver damage was associated with prolonged latency (p = 0.02). After treatment, the total levels of eosinophils (p < 0.001) and liver and kidney biomarkers (p < 0.04) decreased. DRESS syndrome induced by antituberculosis drugs is not associated with the number of drugs prescribed or with the pattern of resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusion: DRESS syndrome induced by antituberculosis drugs is an atypical clinical reaction, similar to other types of DRESS syndrome that respond favorably to systemic corticosteroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic annular erythema is a rarely described disease, with unknown etiology, that has been associated to chronic borreliosis, autoimmune thyroid disease, and renal carcinoma. It is characterized by erythematous papules that expand centrifugally, forming annular plaques, and histologically, it presents a superficial perivascular inflammatory infiltrate by lymphocytes and eosinophils. It typically occurs in pediatric ages, reports in adulthood are exceptional. CLINICAL CASE: A 63-year-old male patient presented with a dermatosis for 1 year, spread to the trunk and extremities, consisting of pruritic erythematous and squamous plaques, with a raised border and a slightly hyperpigmented center. The histopathological study showed inflammatory infiltrate by lymphocytes and eosinophils, with perivascular and interstitial disposition. The diagnosis of eosinophilic annular erythema was made with clinical-pathological correlation. CONCLUSIONS: Eosinophilic annular erythema is a rare entity in adulthood, which requires a histopathological study and its clinical correlation, in order to differentiate it from other dermatoses that present annular configuration, since the therapeutic response may be compromised with misdiagnosis. As it is a low prevalence disease, its cause has not been identified, so it would be advisable to search for genetic and/or epigenetic factors that could be associated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify clinical and complete blood count differences between pediatric hospitalized patients with sickle cell disease infected or not by SARS-CoV-2 and compare the complete blood count of patients with sickle cell disease infected by SARS-CoV-2 before hospitalization and on admission. Methods: This study was a single-center prospective cohort. Data were collected from medical records of pediatric inpatients with sickle cell disease under 18 years old infected or not with SARS-CoV-2 from the first visit to the hospital until discharge and from the last medical appointment. All patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Among 57 pediatric patients with sickle cell disease hospitalized from March to November 2020 in a Brazilian academic hospital, 11 (19.3%) had a positive result for SARSCoV-2. Patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 had a higher prevalence of comorbidities than the ones who were not infected (63.6 vs. 30.4%; p=0.046). During hospital stay, no clinical or complete blood count differences between groups were found. There was a decrease in eosinophil count on hospital admission in patients with sickle cell disease infected by SARS-CoV-2 (p=0.008). Conclusions: Pediatric hospitalized patients with sickle cell disease infected by SARS-CoV-2 had more comorbidities and had a decrease in eosinophil count between hospital admission and the last medical appointment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Describir el fenotipo del síndrome de DRESS inducido por fármacos antituberculosos. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo efectuado a partir de la revisión de los expedientes de pacientes con síndrome de DRESS, identificados en la interconsulta del Departamento de Investigación en Inmunogénetica y Alergia, del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER) Ismael Cosío Villegas, entre 2014 y 2020. Se realizó análisis de frecuencias. Las asociaciones entre biomarcadores y latencia se calcularon con la prueba de χ2 y log-rank, y la evaluación del cambio en los biomarcadores con la prueba de Wilcoxon. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo el valor de p < 0.05. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el programa SPSS v.21. Resultados: Se identificaron 15 pacientes, que representaron el 0.2% de los casos atendidos en el Departamento por algún padecimiento inmuno-alérgico (15/7052); las principales manifestaciones fueron: exantema (100%), eosinofilia (93%), fiebre (80%), adenomegalia (60%), daño renal (40%), daño hepático (33%) y latencia de 21 días. El daño hepático se asoció con latencia prolongada (p = 0.02). Posterior al tratamiento disminuyeron las concentraciones totales de eosinófilos (p < 0.001) y biomarcadores hepáticos y renales (p < 0.04). El síndrome de DRESS inducido por fármacos antituberculosos no se asoció con la cantidad de fármacos prescritos ni con el patrón de resistencia de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusión: El síndrome de DRESS inducido por fármacos antituberculosos es una reacción clínica atípica, similar a otros tipos de síndrome de DRESS que responden favorablemente a corticosteroides sistémicos.

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between eosinophil differential count and total protein and alkaline phosphatase levels in patients with normal and high levels of aspartate aminotransferase from a polyclinic in the district of Villa El Salvador in Lima, Peru. Materials and methods: An observational, analytical and correlational study conducted with apparently healthy male and female patients aged 18 years or older, showing normal and high levels of enzyme aspartate aminotransferase. The study included 279 patients who met the eligibility criteria. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between eosinophil count and alkaline phosphatase and total protein in patients with normal and high levels of aspartate aminotransferase. Results: No correlation was found between the variables studied in the group with normal levels of aminotransferases. However, in the group with high levels of aspartate aminotransferase, a moderate and negative correlation was found between eosinophil count and total protein (Rho = -465) and a low and positive correlation between eosinophil count and alkaline phosphatase (Rho = 296). Conclusions: In the presence of aminotransferase levels above the normal range, eosinophils correlate with total protein and alkaline phosphatase. Further studies with a larger number of patients and greater methodological complexity are necessary to determine if the interaction between eosinophils and albumin and phosphatase is frequently seen with high levels of aminotransferases. Moreover, they are necessary to consider possible implications in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases associated with this enzyme, as well as possible clinical and therapeutic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To perform a quantitative assessment of bronchial wall thickening and the emphysema score in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), comparing the eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic COPD phenotypes. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of patients with COPD followed between August 2018 and July 2019. The patients were divided into two groups by the eosinophil count in peripheral blood: eosinophilic (= 300 cells/µL); and noneosinophilic (< 300 cells/µL). Quantitative, automated assessments of emphysema and bronchial wall thickness were performed by evaluating computed tomography scans of the chest. Results: We evaluated the records of 110 patients diagnosed with COPD: 28 (25.5%) in the eosinophilic group; and 82 (74.5%) in the non-eosinophilic group. The demographic, clinical, functional, and therapeutic variables were comparable between the two groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the emphysema score or bronchial wall thickness (p > 0.05 for both). Conclusion: Patients with eosinophilic COPD do not appear to have lower emphysema scores or greater bronchial wall thickening than do those with non-eosinophilic phenotypes of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Evaluar la correlación del recuento diferencial de eosinófilos con niveles de proteínas totales y fosfatasa alcalina en pacientes con valores normales y elevados de aspartato aminotransferasa pertenecientes a un policlínico de Villa El Salvador en Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico y correlacional realizado en pacientes de ambos sexos con edades iguales o mayores a 18 años, aparentemente sanos, con niveles normales y elevados de la enzima aspartato aminotransferasa. 279 pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. Se utilizó la prueba de correlación de Spearman para determinar grado de correlación entre recuento de eosinófilos con fosfatasa alcalina y proteínas totales en pacientes con niveles normales y elevados de aspartato aminotransferasa. Resultados: No hubo correlación entre las variables estudiadas en el grupo con valores de aminotransferasas normales. Sin embargo, en el grupo que presentó valores de aspartato aminotransferasa elevados se encontró una correlación moderada y negativa entre el recuento de eosinófilos con las proteínas totales (Rho = -465) y correlación baja y positiva con la fosfatasa alcalina (Rho = 296). Conclusiones: En presencia de valores de aminotransferasas superiores al rango normal, los eosinófilos se correlacionan con las proteínas totales y la fosfatasa alcalina. Son necesarios estudios con mayor número de pacientes y complejidad metodológica para determinar si la interacción entre eosinófilos con la albúmina y la fosfatasa ocurre frecuentemente en condiciones de aminotransferasas elevadas, y considerar posibles implicaciones en la fisiopatología de las enfermedades crónicas asociadas a esta enzima, así como posibles repercusiones clínicas y terapéuticas.

Se presentó una paciente de 74 años de edad, con antecedentes patológicos de diabetes mellitus tipo II e hipertensión arterial, y fumadora. Hacía dos meses había comenzado con tos seca que luego fue húmeda, con expectoración blanquecina y dolor en punta del costado izquierdo, en ocasiones falta de aire, con síntomas generales: astenia, anorexia y disfonía. Se le diagnosticó bronquitis sin resolución total. Los exámenes de laboratorio revelaron eosinofilia asociada a un cáncer de pulmón constatado en estudios imagenológicos, citológico y otros. La eosinofilia y el cáncer de pulmón es una entidad que comparte la presencia de infiltrados pulmonares y un incremento del número de eosinófilos en sangre periférica o tejido pulmonar en algún momento de su evolución. Se concluye que el incremento de los eosinófilos obedece a diversas causas, la eosinofilia y cáncer de pulmón constituye una de las condiciones neoplásicas.

A 74-year-old female patient presented at the medical office, with a history of type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and smoker. Two months ago she had started with a dry cough that later became wet, with whitish expectoration and pain in the tip of the left side, sometimes shortness of breath with general symptoms like: asthenia, anorexia and dysphonia. She was diagnosed with bronchitis without complete resolution. Laboratory tests revealed eosinophilia associated with lung and other studies. Eosinophilia and lung cancer is an entity that shares the presence of pulmonary infiltrates and an increasing number of eosinophils in peripheral blood or lung tissue at some point in its evolution. It is concluded that the increase in eosinophils it´s due to various causes. Eosinophilia and lung cancer constitutes one of the neoplastic conditions, and one of the highest incidences in the world.

Objetivo: Establecer la prevalencia de eosinofilia en sangre en adultos con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) según varios puntos de corte. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en pacientes con EPOC. La frecuencia de eosinofilia en sangre se determinó a partir de la concentración absoluta (células/µL) y relativa (%) de eosinófilos. Fueron realizados modelos multivariados para identificar factores asociados. Resultados: En 81 pacientes incluidos, la edad promedio fue de 71.9 ± 9.8 años; de los cuales, 46 (57 %) fueron hombres. La prevalencia de eosinofilia para los puntos de corte ≥ 100, ≥ 150, ≥ 200, ≥ 300 y ≥ 400 células/µL fue de 64.2, 43.2, 37.0, 16.1 y 9.9 %, respectivamente. De 81 pacientes, 34 (42 %) tuvieron una concentración ≥ 2 %; 21 (25.9 %) ≥ 3 %; 14 (17.3 %) ≥ 4 %; y 10 (12.3 %) ≥ 5 %. La eosinofilia ≥ 100 células/µL se asoció con la edad ≥ 80 años (RM = 6.04, p = 0.026) y con la exacerbación de la EPOC (RM = 9.40, p = 0.038); en cambio, la eosinofilia ≥ 2 %, lo hizo con solamente la edad ≥ 80 años (RM = 3.73, p = 0.020). Complementariamente, la concentración de eosinófilos ≥ 100 y < 300 células/µL se asoció con la exacerbación de la EPOC (RM = 11.00, p = 0.026). Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados sugieren que la frecuencia de eosinofilia en EPOC muestra variaciones sustanciales según la definición adoptada.

Introduction: squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) of the cervix involve dysplastic change, or abnormal cell maturation and their progression can result in cervical carcinoma. Some studies have reported the importance of the immune system in the process of tumor progression. Therefore, it is important to characterize the inflammatory infiltration as a possible marker of prognosis. Aim: to analyze density of the inflammatory infiltrate in different degrees of SIL and in cervical cancer to understand local and systemic changes in the interactions between HPV associated cervical lesions and the immune system. Methods: one hundred and eight (108) cervical biopsy specimens were obtained from patients treated at the tertiary hospital and were stratified into four groups: Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), cervical cancer (CC) and negative for intraepithelial lesion and malignancy (NILM). Histomorphometric analysis was performed from the identification and quantification of inflammatory cells in ten (10) fields per sample in images captured by a digital system and analyzed using the software Leica Qwin Pro V 3.5.1, Leica Microsystems Ltd. Differences between groups were evaluated by Anova followed by Tukey test. Tests yielding p values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: we found a significant increase in the average number of lymphocytes (cells/mm² and cells/field) in samples of CC in relation to the other groups. No statistical difference was observed in relation to neutrophils, plasma cells and eosinophils. Conclusion: cervical cancer specimens had significantly more lymphocytes than NILM, or LSIL and HSIL, suggesting that this cell type plays a central role in cellular immunity against cervical carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To determine the prevalence of blood eosinophilia in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) according to different cut-off points. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with COPD. The frequency of blood eosinophilia was determined by absolute (cells/ µL) and relative (%) eosinophil count. Multivariate methods were used in order to identify the associated factors. Results: 81 patients were included; the mean age was 71.9 ± 9.8 years; 46 (57%) of the patients were men. The prevalence of eosinophilia for the cut-off points of ≥ 100, ≥ 150, ≥ 200, ≥ 300, and ≥ 400 cells/µL was of 64.2%, 37.0%, 16.1%, and 9.9% respectively. Out of 81 patients, 34 (42%) had a relative eosinophil concentration of ≥ 2%; 21 (25.9%) ≥ 3%; 14 patients (17.3%) had ≥ 4%; and 10 patients (12.3%) had ≥ 5%. Eosinophilia of ≥ 100 cells/µL was associated with age of ≥ 80 years (OR = 6.04, p = 0.026), and with the exacerbation of COPD (OR = 9.40, p = 0.038); in contrast, eosinophilia of ≥ 2% was associated only with age of ≥ 80 years (OR = 3.73, p = 0.020). In addition, the eosinophil count of ≥ 100 and < 300 cells/ µL was associated with the exacerbation of COPD (OR = 11.00, p = 0.026). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the frequency of eosinophilia in the context of COPD shows substantial variations according to the used definition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the prevalence of blood eosinophilia in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) according to different cut-off points. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with COPD. The frequency of blood eosinophilia was determined by absolute (cells/ µL) and relative (%) eosinophil count. Multivariate methods were used in order to identify the associated factors. Results: 81 patients were included; the mean age was 71.9 ± 9.8 years; 46 (57%) of the patients were men. The prevalence of eosinophilia for the cut-off points of ≥ 100, ≥ 150, ≥ 200, ≥ 300, and ≥ 400 cells/µL was of 64.2%, 37.0%, 16.1%, and 9.9% respectively. Out of 81 patients, 34 (42%) had a relative eosinophil concentration of ≥ 2%; 21 (25.9%) ≥ 3%; 14 patients (17.3%) had ≥ 4%; and 10 patients (12.3%) had ≥ 5%. Eosinophilia of ≥ 100 cells/µL was associated with age of ≥ 80 years (OR = 6.04, p = 0.026), and with the exacerbation of COPD (OR = 9.40, p = 0.038); in contrast, eosinophilia of ≥ 2% was associated only with age of ≥ 80 years (OR = 3.73, p = 0.020). In addition, the eosinophil count of ≥ 100 and < 300 cells/ µL was associated with the exacerbation of COPD (OR = 11.00, p = 0.026). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the frequency of eosinophilia in the context of COPD shows substantial variations according to the used definition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency and type of non-classical histopathological characteristics of skin psoriasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, prolective, descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out in the Department of Dermatopathology of the Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, from January 1999 to December 2019. Patients with a histological diagnosis of psoriasiform dermatitis compatible with skin psoriasis were selected. Non-classical histopathological features of skin psoriasis were assessed. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. RESULTS: 88 cases of skin psoriasis were included. The most frequent classic histopathological feature was parakeratosis (98%). The non-classical histopathological features were: dermal neutrophils (69 of 88), spongiosis (61 of 88), necrotic keratinocytes (54 of 88), compact orthokeratosis (38 of 88), dermal eosinophils (37 of 88), focal hypergranulosis (29 of 88), irregular acanthosis (26 of 88), lichenoid interface (18 of 88), epidermal eosinophils (10 of 88) and vacuolar alterations of the dermoepidermal junction (3 of 88). CONCLUSION: Plaque psoriasis is a common disorder. The most relevant classic histopathological feature is parakeratosis. The predominant non-classical histopathological feature was the coexistence of dermal neutrophils, especially in patients with plaque psoriasis, guttate and inverted psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introdução: A rejeição aguda pós-transplante de fígado é uma das complicações mais comuns de disfunção do enxerto hepático. O padrão-ouro para identificação dessa condição é a biópsia, que, contudo, é um procedimento invasivo. Dessa maneira, a literatura vem estudando marcadores não invasivos para prever a rejeição aguda; dentre esses, destaca-se a eosinofilia periférica. Objetivo: Avaliar a contagem de eosinófilos periféricos durante os episódios de rejeição ao enxerto hepático, correlacionando com os níveis de transaminases hepáticas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional retrospectivo, com pareamento entre as variáveis estudadas: taxas de sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo e acurácia. Resultados: Rejeição ao transplante foi detectada em 29,33% do total de pacientes. Dentre os rejeitados, o valor de aspartato aminotransferase teve aumento em 65,90% dos casos, sensibilidade diagnóstica de 59,18%, especificidade de 81,13%, valor preditivo positivo de 65,91%, valor preditivo negativo de 85,15% e acurácia de 76,67%. A alanina aminotransferase aumentou em 34,09%, com sensibilidade diagnóstica de 60,00%, especificidade de 90,57%, valor preditivo positivo de 34,09%, valor preditivo negativo de 76,80% e acurácia de 74,00%. A contagem relativa de eosinófilos teve aumento em 29,54% dos casos, sensibilidade de 22,03%, especificidade 56,60%, valor preditivo positivo de 29,55%, valor preditivo negativo de 65,93% e acurácia de 48,67%. Conclusão: É certo que o presente trabalho e a literatura não mostram resultados estaticamente favoráveis e convergentes à utilização da eosinofilia periférica juntamente com as transaminases para prever rejeição aguda hepática. Ainda assim, a baixa sensibilidade apontada nas estatísticas não descarta a utilização da eosinofilia periférica como auxílio diagnóstico.

Objetivou-se identificar matrizes mestiças Dorper X Santa Inês resistentes, resilientes e susceptíveis a endoparasitoses sob regime de pastejo. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Lanila Agropecuária, localizada no município de Ceará Mirim- RN. O período experimental foi de onze de abril de 2016 ao dia vinte e dois de agosto de 2016. No decorrer desses quatro meses foram realizadas nove coletas. Foram utilizadas 111 matrizes ovinas, os dados coletados dos animais foram: peso vivo (Kg), avaliação do escore de condição corporal (ECC), avaliação do grau de Famacha© (FAM), contagem de ovos por gramas de fezes (OPG), identificação das larvas infectantes (coprocultura), avaliação de parâmetros hematológicos (EOS, eosinófilos; RBC, contagem de eritrócitos; HGB, hemoglobina; HCT, hematócrito). Na coprocultura a prevalência foi de 97% de Haemonchus contortus. Os animais classificados como resistentes apresentaram maior peso e não houve diferença significativa para a variável ECC. Já nos susceptíveis foi observado maior grau de Famacha© e contagem de OPG. O OPG apresentou correlação com as variáveis RBC, HGB e HCT e com a maior parte das variáveis, acompanhado também pelo grau de Famacha©. Não foi observado correlação entre OPG e o FAM. Foi possível avaliar a resistência e susceptibilidade a endoparasitas em ovelhas Santa Inês x Dorper em regime a pasto, sendo a maioria classificada como susceptível (64%), seguido dos animais resistentes (34%).

Background: Management of severe eosinophilic asthma includes typing to identify allergic, eosinophilic and non-HT2 phenotypes. Elevated eosinophil levels are associated with higher IL-5 levels. Eosinophils during their migration to target tissues secrete proteins that damage the activated bronchial epithelium and correlate with asthma severity. Mepolizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds and neutralizes IL-5. Objectives: To describe experience with the use of biological anti interleukin 5 Mepolizumab. Methods: Case report, descriptive study. We included patients with severe uncontrolled asthma, a history of rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis and/or EREA. Eosinophils 150 cells/μL, FeNO 25 ppb and spirometry with obstructive pattern. Results: 6 women with a diagnosis of severe asthma were included. Initial eosinophil values of 180 - 630 cél/μL, IgE 176 - 2500 Ui/ml, FENO 23 -39, ACT at 2, 4 and 6 months of use, minimum of 9 and maximum end of 25. Significant improvement in the ACT test from the first two months of use, decreased inhaled steroid and 0 to 2 exacerbations in 6 months. Conclusion: There are multiple studies, there are no statistically significant reports to demonstrate superiority with the use of a specific biological, together with the different economic limitations that exist in the country. It is necessary to identify target populations with phenotypes that will respond to a specific therapy and direct treatment. In Mexico there are few hospitals with these therapies, it is necessary to continue with the constant evaluation and contribution of information to find the right treatment for the Mexican population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: La alergia a las proteínas de la leche de vaca es la causa más común de alergia a alimentos. La prueba de reto ya sea abierta o doble ciego controlado con placebo, es considerada el estándar de oro. La endoscopia y los hallazgos histológicos son considerados métodos que pueden ayudar en el diagnóstico de esta entidad. Objetivos: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir los hallazgos histopatológicos en niños con sospecha de alergia a las proteínas de la leche de vaca atendidos en nuestro hospital. Material y método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo en 116 niños con sospecha clínica de alergia a las proteínas de la leche de vaca, atendidos en el Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. Se efectúo endoscopia alta y rectosigmoidoscopia con toma de biopsias y se describieron los hallazgos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 116 pacientes, 64 (55.17%) del género femenino y 52 (44.83%) masculino. El sitio con mayor presencia de eosinófilos fue el recto en ambos grupos, seguido del duodeno; en general se encontró más de 15 eosinófilos por campo en el 46% de los pacientes. Conclusiones: Entre el 40-45% de los casos tuvieron el criterio histológico de más de 15-20 eosinófilos por campo siendo el sitio más afectado el rectosigmoides. Por lo tanto, se sugiere realizar panendoscopia y rectosigmoidoscopia con toma de biopsias y recuento de eosinófilos.

Background: The eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP) is characterized by pulmonary infiltration with eosinophils. The etiology of canine EBP remains unclear, although hypersensitivity to aeroallergens is suspected. Dogs affected are usually young. The persistent cough is the most common clinical sign, often associated with respiratory difficulty and exercise intolerance. The diagnosis is based on signalment, radiographic and bronchoscopic findings, and the tissue eosiphilic infiltration demonstrated by cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). No reports were found in Brazil. The aim of this paper is report four cases of canine BPE, with emphasis on clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy. Cases: Case 1. A 18-month-old female dog with 12 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with a 60-day history of cough, inappetence and weariness. It presented cough and tachypnea. The complementary exams demonstrated peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pulmonary pattern on radiography, moderate amount of mucus on bronchoscopy and tissue eosinophilis infiltration on the BAL. The treatment was based on steroids, with improvement of clinical signs. Case 2. A 24-month-old female dog with 16 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with one-year history of cough, inappetence and lethargy. It presented only cough, and in complementary exams showed transitory peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pattern on radiography and predominantly eosinophilic inflammation on citology of BAL. The therapy was based on steroids, with improvement followed by worsening of signs, with need of readjustment of doses. Case 3. A 8-year-old male dog with 6.2 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with 3-weeks history of productive cough, vomiting and weight loss. The complementary exams showed peripheral eosinophilia, bronchointersticial pulmonary pattern on radiography and eosinophils infiltration on cytology of BAL. It was used steroids as therapy, with improvement of signs. Case 4. A 2-month-old female dog with 2.8 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with 3-days history of cough, nasal discharge and inappetence. It presented severe expiratory dyspnoea, tachypnea, harsh cough, lung crackles on auscultation and lethargy. The complementary exams demonstrated leukocytosis by peripheral eosinophilia and neutrophilia, bronchointersticial and alveolar pulmonar radiographic pattern. The therapy was started with steroids, febendazole and antibiotics. Tracheal swab was obtained and it showed eosinophilic inflammation on cytology. After 20- days treatment, the signs improved. Maintenance therapy was performed with steroids. Discussion: The EBP is usually reported in young patients, as described in three cases. The cough showed predominant clinically, associated with lethargy and inappetence in half of cases, as well as with dyspnea and weariness. The peripheral eosinophilia was observed in all patients, although transient in one of them, not being mandatory for the diagnosis. Despite there are not a specific radiographic pattern to the diagnosis, the bronchointersticial pattern was common to the four animals, with worsening of the radiographic findings possibly related to worsening clinical findings. The definitive diagnosis made through identification of eosinophilic inflammatory infiltration by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Steroid therapy proved to be effective in the four cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic esophagitis is an emerging disease featured by eosinophilic esophageal infiltrate not responsive to proton pump inhibitors. OBJECTIVE: To characterize histological features of children and adolescents with eosinophilic esophagitis. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in a tertiary hospital. Biopsies from each esophageal third from 14 patients (median age 7 years) with eosinophilic esophagitis were evaluated. Histological features evaluated included morphometry of esophageal epithelium, esophageal density (per high power field), extracellular eosinophilic granules, eosinophilic microabscesses, surface disposition of eosinophils, epithelial desquamation, peripapillary eosinophilia, basal layer hyperplasia and papillary elongation. RESULTS: Several patients presented a normal esophageal macroscopy in the upper digestive endoscopy (6, 42.8%), and the most common abnormality were vertical lines (7, 50%) and whitish spots over esophageal mucosa (7, 50%). Basal layer hyperplasia was observed in 88.8%, 100% e 80% of biopsies from proximal, middle and lower esophagus, respectively (P=0.22). Esophageal density ranges from 0 to more than 50 per hpf. Extracellular eosinophilic granules (70%-100%), surface disposition of eosinophils (60%-93%), epithelial desquamation (60%-100%), peripapillary eosinophilia (70%-80%) were common, but evenly distributed among each esophageal third. Just one patient did not present eosinophils in the lower third, four in the middle third and four in the upper esophageal third. CONCLUSION: In the absence of hypereosinophilia, other histological features are present in eosinophilic esophagitis and may contribute to diagnosis. Eosinophilic infiltrate is focal, therefore multiple biopsies are needed for diagnosis.

La eosinofilia moderada y severa obliga al clínico realizar un abordaje en busca de su causa. Enlos países como Estados Unidos, la principal causa de eosinofilia es de origen farmacológico, sin embargo, la principal causa a nivel mundial sigue siendo la infección por helmintos. Conocer las principales causas y realizar un estudio sistemático es la mejor manera de abordar esta entidad. Descartar el deterioro agudo del paciente a causa de la eosinofilia y definir si la causa es primaria o secundaria son las primeras interrogantes que debe plantearse al abordar un paciente con eosinofilia. En algunas ocasiones, el diagnóstico puede ser difícil, especialmente en aquellos pacientes polimedicados, por lo que es necesario el apoyo del médico especialista en Hematología.

Introducción: la enteritis eosinofílica transmural representa una entidad muy poco frecuente en Cuba, habiéndose reportado dos casos secundarios a infecciones parasitarias y uno primario publicado por Amores y col en el año 2009. Presentación de casos: se presentó dos pacientes que fueron llevados al quirófano con diagnóstico de úlcera péptica perforada y obstrucción intestinal, que al ser analizada la pieza histológica, se confirmó la presencia de enteritis eosinofílica con afección de todo el espesor de la pared intestinal. Discusión: aunque estas enfermedades son idiopáticas, recientes investigaciones apoyan el papel de los eosinofilos, las células auxiliadoras T 2 (Th2), las interleuquinas [IL]-3, IL-4, IL-5, e IL-13), y eotaxin como factores críticos en la patogénesis de la misma. Conclusiones: la enteritis eosinofílica es una entidad nosológica, que aunque catalogada como rara, lleva a frecuentes complicaciones quirúrgicas, y debe tenerse en cuenta en estos pacientes.

El asma es una enfermedad que afecta a personas de todas las edades. La OMS estima que en la actualidad afecta a 235 millones personas en todo el mundo. Para Colombia se estima que la prevalencia de esta enfermedad es aproximadamente del 12%. El asma se caracteriza por una inflamación de las vías respiratorias y por cambios estructurales en los tejidos de las mismas: como hiperplasia epitelial de las células caliciformes, depósito de colágeno subepitelial e hipertrofia del músculo liso. La inmunopatología del asma alérgica involucra tanto la respuesta humoral como la celular, que colectivamente llevan a un estado de hiperreactividad de la vía respiratoria (AHR). Las células que, en el momento, están implicadas en la cascada inflamatoria del asma atópica son: células epiteliales de la vía aérea, las diferentes subpoblaciones de células T y B, mastocitos, células dendríticas, eosinófilos, basófilos, macrófagos, células iNKT y plaquetas, además de la red de citoquinas, quimioquinas y señales co-estimulatorias y regulatorias correspondientes a cada una de las subpoblaciones celulares que orquestan este proceso. Este artículo revisa algunos de los procesos celulares y moleculares más importantes e implicados en la inmunopatogénesis del asma atópica.

Allergy is a hypersensitivity reaction initiated by specific immunologic mechanisms. It can be mediated by antibodies or cells, developed in individuals previously sensitized by an allergen. In most cases, the antibody responsible for the allergic reaction is immunoglobulin E (IgE). Depending on the nature and mechanism of entry of the allergen, it will bring about the production of specific IgE affecting certain organs and tissues with specific symptoms. Eosinophil extracellular DNA traps or EETs are one of the mechanisms used by eosinophils during the response phase of allergy; they have not been well studied in terms of their induction, regulation and function. EETs have been detected in inflammatory intestinal processes, autoimmune diseases and multiple infectious diseases, but few investigations have been made about their involvement in allergic diseases. This is a review about the structure of EETs, the molecules involved in their formation, and their possible role in the pathogenesis of allergies. Furthermore, the main aspects of cellular and molecular processes involved in the immunopathogenesis of allergies, and the central aspects of the structure, composition and functioning of eosinophils are reviewed.

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature for clinical data on infants with allergic or eosinophilic colitis. DATA SOURCE: MEDLINE search of all indexes was performed using the words ''colitis or procto-colitis and eosinophilic'' or ''colitis or proctocolitis and allergic'' between 1966 and February of 2013. All articles that described patients' characteristics were selected. DATA SYNTHESIS: A total of 770 articles were identified, of which 32 met the inclusion criteria. The 32 articles included a total of 314 infants. According to the available information, 61.6% of infants were male and 78.6% were younger than 6 months. Of the 314 patients, 49.0% were fed exclusively breast milk, 44.2% received cow's milk protein, and 6.8% received soy protein. Diarrheal stools were described in 28.3% of patients. Eosinophilia was found in 43.8% (115/263) of infants. Colonic or rectal biopsy showed infiltration by eosinophils (between 5 and 25 perhigh-power field) in 89.3% (236/264) of patients. Most patients showed improvement with theremoval of the protein in cow's milk from their diet or the mother's diet. Allergy challenge tests with cow's milk protein were cited by 12 of the 32 articles (66 patients). CONCLUSIONS: Eosinophilic colitis occurs predominantly in the first six months of life and in males. Allergy to cow's milk was considered the main cause of eosinophilic colitis. Exclusion of cow'smilk from the diet of the lactating mother or from the infant's diet is generally an effective therapeutic measure.

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Eosinophilic esophagitis is an infiltration of the esophagus by eosinophils, presumably of allergic origin; it may affect both children and adults. In the latter, it is more common in middle-aged men and its main clinical feature in this population is the presence of dysphagia. Knowledge on this disease has had great development in the last 10 years with better understanding of its pathophysiology, and many studies are being done to evaluate different therapeutic alternatives. We present a review of the literature on eosinophilic esophagitis describing the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis and therapeutic options.

FUNDAMENTO: O significado clínico de vasculites, lesões isquêmicas, efeito Quilty e da presença de eosinófilos em biópsias endomiocárdicas de receptores de transplante cardíaco com rejeições leves não foi ainda estabelecido. OBJETIVO: Verificar se esses achados histológicos encontrados nas biópsias endomiocárdicas (eosinófilos, vasculites, efeito Quilty e lesões isquêmicas) são capazes de predizer rejeição aguda do enxerto. MÉTODOS: Foram reavaliadas 1.012 biópsias endomiocárdicas consecutivas; dessas, 939 foram classificadas como OR ou 1R pela Nomenclatura da Sociedade Internacional de Transplante de Coração e Pulmão de 2005, e divididas em dois grupos: (1) Biópsias preditoras: aquelas que precederam rejeição aguda; e (2) Biópsias não preditoras: aquelas que não precederam rejeição aguda. Comparamos a ocorrência dos seguintes achados histológicos: vasculites, lesões isquêmicas, efeito Quilty e eosinófilos por análise uni e multivariada entre os grupos. RESULTADOS: Após análise estatística verificou-se a presença de vasculite intensa e de eosinófilos como maiores preditores para rejeição aguda futura, apresentando respectivamente as seguintes razões de chance: 10,60 (IC95%: 3,62 - 31,06. p < 0,001) e 6,26 (IC95%: 3,16 - 12,43. p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Vasculites intensas e eosinófilos em biópsias do miocárdio são os principais fatores preditores de rejeição aguda pós-transplante cardíaco.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum total IgE levels and total eosinophil counts have any relationship with the response to routine pharmacological treatment in patients with acute asthma. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 162 patients with acute asthma. Serum total IgE levels, peripheral blood cell counts and eosinophil counts were determined. The treatment was adjusted for each patient according to the severity of asthma. Spirometry was performed at baseline and two weeks after the treatment. The patients were divided into two groups: high IgE (>100 IU/mL) and low IgE (OBJETIVO: Determinar se há uma relação dos níveis de IgE total no soro e das contagens de eosinófilos com a resposta à farmacoterapia de rotina em pacientes com asma aguda. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 162 pacientes com asma aguda. Foram determinados os níveis séricos de IgE total, as contagens de células no sangue periférico e as contagens de eosinófilos. O tratamento foi ajustado individualmente de acordo com a gravidade da asma. Foi realizada espirometria antes do início do tratamento e duas semanas após seu término. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: alto nível de IgE (> 100 UI/mL) e baixo nível de IgE (< 100 UI/mL). Foram comparadas entre os dois grupos as relações das determinações basais e das alterações em percentual dos seguintes parâmetros: VEF, CVF, FEF25-75%, contagem de células brancas no sangue periférico e contagem de eosinófilos. RESULTADOS:Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos em relação às alterações em percentual dos parâmetros estudados. Tampouco houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos em relação aos valores basais de VEF, CVF e FEF25-75%, em % do predito. CONCLUSÕES: Com base nesses achados, concluímos que os níveis séricos de IgE total, as contagens de células brancas no sangue periférico e as contagens de eosinófilos não são preditores do tratamento farmacológico de pacientes com asma aguda.

Objetivos: Determinar si la presencia de eosinófilos conjuntivales contribuyen al diagnóstico de alergia ocular. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, de pruebas diagnósticas, no aleatorizado, realizado en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza – Servicio de Oftalmología en el periodo noviembre 2008 – abril 2009, donde se estudió la presencia de eosinófilos conjuntivales en pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de alergia ocular y controles sanos. Se determino sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo, valor predictivo negativo, razón de verosimilitud positiva y razón de verosimilitud negativa. Resultados: Cuarenta y ocho pacientes ingresaron al estudio dividiéndose en dos grupos: pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de alergia ocular (n=33) y controles sanos (n=15); el primer grupo, 30 pacientes (90,9%) presentaron eosinófilos en la muestra de secreción conjuntival; el segundo grupo, 15 pacientes (100%) no presentaron eosinófilos en la muestra. La sensibilidad fue 90,91%, especificidad 100%, el valor predictivo positivo 100%, valor predictivo negativo 83,33%, cociente de probabilidad positivo no pudo ser determinado y cociente de probabilidad negativo 0,09. Conclusiones: La presencia de eosinófilos conjuntivales es una prueba diagnóstica con adecuados índices de seguridad y validez diagnóstica, sobre todo especificidad y valor predictivo positivo, que hacen de dicho test un complemento diagnóstico adecuado.(Rev Med Hered 2009;20:195-199).