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Enzyme-assisted ultrasonic extraction was employed to extract polysaccharides from white lilacs. The effects of various experimental conditions on the yield of polysaccharides from white lilacs were systematically analyzed using the response surface methodology (RSM). The crude extract was purified through DEAE-52 cellulose column and Sephadex G-100 gel column chromatography. High-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), ion chromatography (IC), ultraviolet spectrum analysis, Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized for characterization of the polysaccharide structure and its antioxidant activity in vitro was investigated. The results demonstrated that the optimal extraction process for polysaccharides from white lilacs involved ultrasonic power 150 W, ultrasonic time 40 min, ultrasonic temperature 40 ℃, enzyme dosage 2.2%, solid-liquid ratio 1:40 g/mL. Under these conditions, the yield of polysaccharides was 3.03%±0.09%. The polysaccharides were purified using a DEAE-52 cellulose column, and the main component SP-c was collected. Subsequently, SP-c-1 was obtained through a Sephadex G-100 gel column. The monosaccharide composition and molar ratio of SP-c-1 were galacturonic acid, arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, glucose, glucuronic acid, xylose=18.39:11.13:8.96:2.61:1:0.83:0.57, respectively. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of SP-c-1 was 14069 Da, and the numerical mean molecular weight (Mn) was 13637 Da. SP-c-1 had the characteristic absorption peak of polysaccharide and contained D-grape pyranose configuration. The half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of SP-c-1 on DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals was 0.87 and 1.355 mg/mL, respectively. Overall results indicate that SP-c-1 exhibits significant antioxidant activity.

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Enzyme-assisted ultrasonic extraction (EAUE) was utilized and optimized for extracting polysaccharides from Schizochytrium limacinum meal (SLMPs) via the response surface methodology. The optimal EAUE conditions were determined as follows: enzyme concentration at 5.18%, ultrasonic temperature at 53 °C, ultrasonic duration of 40 min, ultrasonic power at 60 W, and a liquid-to-material ratio of 34 mL/g, achieving a polysaccharide extraction yield of 11.86 ± 0.61%. The purified polysaccharide component, SLMP1-1, isolated using DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephadex G-100 columns, exhibited potent antioxidant activity. SLMP1-1, with a molecular weight of 25.5 kDa, comprises glucose, mannose, arabinose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 16.39:14.75:1:693.03. 1H NMR analysis revealed the α configuration of SLMP1-1. Antioxidant assessments, including DPPH, ABTS, and ferric ion reduction assays, were detected with inhibitory values at 21.82–82.98%, 38.21–98.46%, and 3.30–20.30% at 0.2–1.0 mg/mL. This confirmed the effective antioxidant capacity of SLMP1-1, which is notably enhanced post oral and gastric digestion. The findings suggest that polysaccharides extracted from Schizochytrium limacinum meal hold significant promise as natural antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enzyme-assisted ultrasonic extraction (EAUE) was utilized and optimized for extracting polysaccharides from Schizochytrium limacinum meal (SLMPs) via the response surface methodology. The optimal EAUE conditions were determined as follows: enzyme concentration at 5.18%, ultrasonic temperature at 53 °C, ultrasonic duration of 40 min, ultrasonic power at 60 W, and a liquid-to-material ratio of 34 mL/g, achieving a polysaccharide extraction yield of 11.86 ± 0.61%. The purified polysaccharide component, SLMP1-1, isolated using DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephadex G-100 columns, exhibited potent antioxidant activity. SLMP1-1, with a molecular weight of 25.5 kDa, comprises glucose, mannose, arabinose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 16.39:14.75:1:693.03. 1H NMR analysis revealed the α configuration of SLMP1-1. Antioxidant assessments, including DPPH, ABTS, and ferric ion reduction assays, were detected with inhibitory values at 21.82–82.98%, 38.21–98.46%, and 3.30–20.30% at 0.2–1.0 mg/mL. This confirmed the effective antioxidant capacity of SLMP1-1, which is notably enhanced post oral and gastric digestion. The findings suggest that polysaccharides extracted from Schizochytrium limacinum meal hold significant promise as natural antioxidants.

Flavonoids are one of the important active ingredients from Acanthopanax senticosus, with a variety of biological functions, such as antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The aim of this work was to investigate enzyme-assisted ultrasonic extraction of A. senticosus flavonoids and their enrichment and antioxidant properties. We found that the optimal extraction process after Box–Behnken response surface optimization had the following parameters: a 3:2 ratio of cellulase to pectinase, enzyme mixture amount of 6960 U g−1, enzyme treatment time of 59.80 min; temperature of 53.70 °C, and pH value of 6.05. The yield of total flavonoids reached 36.95 ± 0.05 mg g−1. The results for different polar solvent enrichments showed that the highest flavonoid (61.0 ± 0.344 mg g−1), polyphenol (24.93 ± 0.234 mg g−1), and saponin (17.80 ± 0.586 mg g−1) contents were observed in the 1-butanol fraction, and the highest polysaccharide content (20.04 ± 0.783 mg g−1) was in the water fraction. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the antioxidant potential of the extract was related to the higher amount of flavonoids and phenolics in the extract. We thus found an effective A. senticosus flavonoid extraction and enrichment procedure, which can serve as a reference method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]