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As environmental indicators, phytoplankton community variations often indicated the effects of anthropogenic activities on aquatic ecosystem. Efficient and accurate monitoring of phytoplankton is of great significance for water ecological assessment and conservation. We aimed to explore the impacts of anthropogenic activities on an urban river ecosystem via environmental DNA metabarcoding biomonitoring of eukaryotic phytoplankton communities at Panlong River in Kunming, Yunnan, China. 257 Species/genera eukaryotic phytoplankton were detected, and distinct spatial and seasonal variations of phytoplankton community (e.g., ASVs number, dominant taxon, the relative abundances) were observed in Panlong River. The species number (170 species/genera in dry period and 236 species/genera in wet period) and the abundances of Cryptophyta increased from dry period to wet period, while the relative abundances of Bacillariophyta and Dinophyta decreased. The diversities were higher in wet period than in dry period, and there were also significant differences among upstream, midstream and downstream. Redundancy analysis showed the water temperature was the key environmental stressor affecting phytoplankton community structures both in dry and wet periods, while the influences of other environmental factors varied in different periods and different sites. This study provides insights on phytoplankton diversity monitoring and the management of urban rivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road pavements undergo various environmental factors such as temperature changes, precipitation, and traffic exposure, which can lead to cracks in asphalt pavements compromising road user safety and necessitating costly repairs. To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind asphalt pavement cracking, this study proposes the utilization of the electrical resistivity tomography method to measure the electrical resistivity of soil‐supporting road pavements. Electrical resistivity measurements were conducted on soil‐supporting road pavements at various times, both before and during the winter season, in four different road sections. Two of these sections were located on Regional Road N707 in the Ifrane region, while the other two were located on National Road N13 in the Azrou and Timahdite regions. The results of the geophysical campaign provided valuable insights into the impact of the winter season on soil resistance and the formation of cracks in asphalt pavements. To achieve this, electrical tomography was employed to generate 2D images of the electrical resistivity of the soil, which were subsequently compared to asphalt cracking data collected in the field through visual surveys and/or asphalt cores. The 2D analysis of the electrical resistivity images of the road pavements under study revealed a decrease in electrical resistivity values during the winter season. This decrease can be attributed to a combination of factors including asphalt pavement cracking, water infiltration during winter, and soil characteristics supporting the asphalt pavement. These findings offer valuable insights intro targeted maintenance and repair efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Understanding the impact of environmental factors on physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) is crucial for promoting a healthy lifestyle among children and adolescents. This study examines how awareness of sports policies, school, family, and community environments influence PA and PF in Chinese youth. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2747 children and adolescents (mean age 12.90 ± 2.49; 48.2% male) from 17 schools across five Chinese cities. Environmental factors were assessed via questionnaires, and PA levels were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). PF metrics, including BMI, waist-to-height ratio, grip strength, vertical jump, and 20-m shuttle run test (20-mSRT), were measured onsite. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to explore relationships between environmental factors and PA/PF outcomes. Results: The school environment scored highest (78.0 ± 9.5), while the community environment scored lowest (38.7 ± 18.0). Family environment positively influenced low-intensity PA (LPA) (β = 0.102, P < 0.001) but negatively affected moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) (β = -0.055, P = 0.035). Community environment and awareness of sports policies positively impacted MVPA (β = 0.216, P < 0.001; β = 0.072, P = 0.009, respectively). Family environment positively influenced BMI reduction (β = -0.103, P < 0.001) but negatively affected grip strength (β = -0.063, P = 0.018). Community environment improved grip strength and 20-mSRT performance (β = 0.088, P = 0.002; β = 0.065, P = 0.027). Conclusions: School environments, despite high scores, do not significantly impact PA and PF. Community environments, though scoring lower, positively affect MVPA, grip strength, and 20-mSRT. Awareness of sports policies boosts MVPA, while family environments support LPA and BMI but are inversely related to MVPA and grip strength. Integrated strategies involving community infrastructure, family support, and policy awareness are essential for promoting active lifestyles among children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMethodologyResultsConclusionDespite ample sunshine, vitamin D deficiency continues to be prevalent in the Middle East. This pilot study aimed to identify the rate of vitamin D deficiency at a tertiary hospital in Abu Dhabi and to identify the associated risk factors in children and adolescents.A retrospective observational study was conducted using electronic medical records of paediatric patients who underwent 25-hydroxyvitamin D testing at Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2021. Data on age, gender, ethnicity, weight, body mass index and other potential risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in children were recorded. Patients who were already receiving treatment for vitamin D deficiency were excluded. The collected data were analysed using standard statistical methods.Of 26,818 patients under 18 years of age who attended the outpatient clinic, 1519 underwent 25-hydroxyvitamin D testing; 51% were male (n = 755). After applying the exclusion criteria, 1311 participants were included, 755 (58%) of whom had vitamin D concentrations of ≤50 nmol/L. Vitamin D deficiency was more common in children aged ≥10 years (69%) than in those <10 years of age (53%) (p < 0.0001). The highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was in those older than 16 years (86%). More females (63%, n = 407) than males (52%, n = 348) were identified as vitamin D-deficient (p = 0.0001). Vitamin D deficiency was more commonly identified during summer and autumn (59%) than in winter and spring (44%, p < 0.00001).Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in children seeking medical care in the UAE, especially in girls, older children and adolescents, and during the summer and autumn. Paediatricians should have a low screening threshold for hypovitaminosis D, or widespread supplementation should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Over the past few decades, there has been growing concern about the concurrent trends of increasing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) prevalence and declining sperm quality. These trends represent significant public health challenges that warrant thorough investigation of their underlying causes and implications. Objectives: The primary objectives of this study are to analyze trends in ASD prevalence and sperm quality parameters from 2000 to 2024, assess the statistical significance and effect size of these trends, explore potential correlations between ASD prevalence and sperm quality parameters, and identify significant predictors among sperm quality parameters that influence ASD prevalence. Methods: This study employed a longitudinal approach using multiple regression, time series analysis, ANOVA, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering, logistic regression, and cross-correlation analysis. Data on ASD prevalence were sourced from the CDC Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, while sperm quality data were collected from various published studies. Results: The findings reveal significant negative associations between ASD prevalence and sperm quality parameters such as sperm concentration and motility, suggesting that better sperm quality is linked to lower ASD rates. Conversely, parameters like sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), volume of ejaculate, pH level, and semen viscosity show positive associations with ASD prevalence, indicating higher values in these parameters correlate with higher ASD rates. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of maintaining reproductive health to potentially mitigate ASD risk and calls for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving these trends. These findings support the hypothesis that reproductive health factors play a crucial role in ASD etiology and suggest potential biological markers for assessing ASD risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of secondary metabolites in Panax ginseng Meyer (P. ginseng) exhibits significant geographical variation, normally due to environmental factors. The current study aimed at elucidating the key environmental factors modulating the accumulation of secondary metabolites in P. ginseng. Plant and the associated soil samples were collected from ten geographical locations within the latitudinalrange of 27.09°N − 42.39°N and longitudinal range of 99.28°E − 128.19°E. 12 secondary metabolites in P. ginseng toots were measured. And the correlation between secondary metabolites with a series of soil properties and 7 climatic factors were investigated through Pearson's correlation, mantel test, random forest and pathway analysis. The results revealed that climatic factors were stronger drivers of ginseng secondary metabolite profile than soil nutrients. Specifically, temperature seasonality (TS) and soil available phosphorus (AP) were the most effective environments to have significantly and positively influence on the secondary metabolites of ginseng. This findings contribute to identifying optimal cultivation areas for P. ginseng, and hopefully establishing methods for interfering/shaping microclimate for cultivating high-quality P. ginseng. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Winter warfare training (WWT) is a critical component of military training that trains warfighters to operate effectively in extreme environments impacted by snow and mountainous terrain. These environmental factors can exacerbate the disruption to the hormone milieu associated with operating in multi-stressor settings. To date, there is limited research on the physiological responses and adaptations that occur in elite military populations training in arduous environments. The purpose of this study was to quantify hormone responses and adaptations in operators throughout WWT. Materials and Methods Participants engaged in baseline laboratory metrics at their home station, Fort Carson, located in Colorado (CO) prior to WWT, for one week in Montana (MT) and one week in Alaska (AK). WWT periods were separated by approximately one month. Blood was collected upon wake at baseline (CO) and on the first and last day of WWT at each location (MT and AK). Plasma was analyzed for stress, metabolic, and growth-related hormones via enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Sleep quality was assessed via the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at baseline (CO) and on the first day of training in MT and AK. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Defense Automated Neurobehavioral Assessment (DANA) at baseline (CO) and on the first and last day of WWT in both MT and AK. Results Fourteen US Army operators in 10th Special Forces Group (SFG) Operational Detachment participated in winter warfare training (WWT; age: 31.5 years; 95%CI[28.1, 34.3]; height: 180.6 cm; 95%CI[177.3, 183.4]; weight: 87.4 kg.; 95%CI[80.6, 97.7]; body fat: 18.9%; 95%CI[13.7, 23.1]; male: n=13; female: n=1). Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels increased from baseline (19.9 pg/mL; 95%CI[8.6, 24.2])  to pre-WWT (26.9 pg/mL; 95%CI [16.2, 37]; p=0.004), decreased from pre-  (26.9 pg/mL; 95%CI [16.2, 37]) to post-WWT in MT (22.3 pg/mL; 95% CI [8, 23.7]; p=0.004;), and increased from pre-  (25 pg/mL; 95%CI[ 28.4) to post-WWT (36.6 pg/mL; 95%CI [17.9, 48.9]) in AK (p=0.005). Plasma cortisol levels decreased from pre- (174 ng/mL; 95%CI[106.2, 233.6])  to post-WWT (94.5 ng/mL; 95%CI[54.8, 101.7]) in MT (p=0.001) and, conversely, increased from pre- (123.1 ng/mL; 95%CI[97.5, 143.9]) to post-WWT  (162.8 ng/mL; 95%CI[128, 216.7]) in AK (p<0.001). Alterations in growth-related hormones (insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1], insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 [IGFBP-3], and sex hormone binding globulin [SHBG]) were observed throughout WWT (p<0.05). The Total Testosterone / Cortisol ratio (TT / CORT; molar ratio) was lower pre-WWT in MT (0.04; 95%CI[0.01,0.04) compared to baseline in CO (0.07; 95%CI[0.04, 0.07]; p=0.042). Triiodothyronine (T3) levels increased from pre-  (101.7 ng/dL; 95%CI[93.7, 110.4]) to post-WWT  (117.8 ng/dL; 95%CI[105.1, 129.4]) in MT (p=0.042). No differences in sleep quality were reported between locations (CO, MT, and AK). Alterations in cognitive function were exhibited between locations and during WWT in both MT and AK (p<0.05). Conclusions Over the course of WWT, elite operators experienced alterations in stress, metabolic, and growth-related hormones, as well as cognitive performance. The increase in stress hormones (i.e. ACTH and cortisol) and reduction in cognitive performance following training in AK are suggestive of heightened physiological strain, despite similarities in physical workload, self-reported sleep quality, and access to nutrition. The variation in hormone levels documented between MT and AK may stem from differences in environmental factors, such as lower temperatures and harsh terrain. Further research is warranted to provide more information on the combined effects of military training in extreme environments on operator health and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dry eye syndrome (DES) is prevalent among office workers and influenced by various environmental and individual factors. This study assesses the prevalence, seasonal variations, symptom severity, and environmental influences on DES among office workers. Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of DES among office workers in Warangal, Telangana, India, and to evaluate the impact of seasonal variations, symptom severity, and environmental factors on DES. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 office workers aged 25-55 years old. Data were collected through questionnaires on DES symptoms, environmental conditions, and demographics. The prevalence of DES was calculated, and seasonal variations were analyzed. Symptom severity was recorded on a scale from 1 to 10. Environmental factors such as humidity, airconditioning use, screen time, and indoor air quality were examined for their correlation with DES prevalence. Results: The overall prevalence of DES was 45%, with females showing a higher prevalence (50%) compared to males (37.5%). Seasonal variations showed the highest DES prevalence in winter (40%) and the lowest in summer (16%). Symptom severity scores were highest in winter (6.5 overall) and lowest in summer (3.8 overall). Low humidity in winter was associated with a 55% prevalence of DES, especially among females (65%). High air-conditioning use in summer correlated with a lower DES prevalence (12.5%). Increased screen time (>6 h/day) resulted in a 60% prevalence of DES, with seasonal peaks in winter (65%). Poor indoor air quality was reported by 70% of participants and linked to a 50% prevalence of DES. Conclusion: The study highlights significant gender differences, seasonal variations, and environmental factors impacting DES prevalence and severity among office workers. Interventions focusing on improving workplace conditions, managing screen time, and enhancing indoor air quality may mitigate DES symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing impact of climate change necessitates innovative approaches in modeling and prediction to mitigate its adverse effects. This paper introduces a novel methodology integrating Neutrosophic Soft Functions (NSFs) into climate change prediction frameworks. NSFs, a hybrid of Neutrosophic Set Theory and Soft Set Theory, provide a flexible framework for handling uncertain and imprecise information inherent in climate data. This study explores the application of NSFs in capturing the complex interplay of various climatic variables, including temperature, precipitation, humidity, and atmospheric pressure, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reliability of climate change predictions. By incorporating NSFs into existing predictive models, such as neural networks and fuzzy systems, this research demonstrates significant improvements in forecast precision, particularly in scenarios with limited or noisy data. Additionally, the paper discusses the integration of NSFs with advanced machine learning algorithms for climate pattern recognition and anomaly detection, enabling timely identification of climate change indicators and facilitating proactive measures for adaptation and mitigation. Through empirical validation using real-world climate datasets, this study underscores the efficacy of NSFs in enhancing the predictive capabilities of climate change models, thereby contributing to more informed decision-making in climate-related policies and strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the effect of car traffic on airborne fungal communities. We investigated the environmental factors affecting the diversity and concentration of airborne fungi at high-traffic density junctions, in Tianjin, China. A total of 244 fungal strains belonging to 78 species and 45 genera of Ascomycota (78.69%) and Basidiomycota (21.31%) were isolated and identified using morphological and molecular analysis. Aspergillus was the species-richest genus, with 9 recorded species, followed by Alternaria and Cladosporium, both with 8 species. Coprinellus radians was the most abundant fungal species, with 31 isolated strains, followed by Alternaria alternata (26 strains), Cladosporium cladosporioides (21), Alternaria compacta (13), and Cladosporium tenuissimum (11). We found a higher diversity and concentration of airborne fungi in the analysed urban air environments when the road traffic was at its highest intensity. Higher level of car traffic resulted in higher concentrations of fungal particles in the air for various taxa, including Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium, which are known to cause respiratory allergies and infections. This result suggests that reducing vehicular traffic could be an effective measure to control airborne fungal exposure and microbial pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Rice vinegar is a popular cereal vinegar worldwide and is typically produced in an open environment, and the ecosystem of solid‐state fermentation is complicated and robust. The present study aimed to reveal the shaping force of the establishment of the ecosystem of Beijing rice vinegar, the core function microbiota and their correlation with critical environmental factors. [Correction added after first online publication on 29 May 2024; the word "worldwide" has been removed from the first sentence under the section Background.] RESULTS: The experimental findings revealed the changes in environmental factors, major metabolites and microbial patterns during Beijing rice vinegar fermentation were obtained. The major metabolites accumulated at the middle and late acetic acid fermentation (AAF) periods. Principal coordinates and t‐test analyses revealed the specific bacterial and fungal species at corresponding stages. Kosakonia, Methlobacterium, Sphingomonas, unidentified Rhizobiaceae, Pseudozyma and Saccharomycopsis dorminated during saccharification and alcohol fermentation and early AAF, whereas Lactococcus, Acetobacter, Rhodotorula and Kazachstania dominated the later AAF stages. Canonical correspondence analysis of environmental factors with core microbiota. Temperature and total acid were the most significant factors correlated with the SAF bacterial profile (Pediococcus, Weissella, Enterococcus and Kosakonia). Ethanol was the most significant factor between AAF1 and AAF3, and mainly affected Acetobacter and Lactobacillus. Conversely, ethanol was the most significant factor in the SAF, AAF1 and AAF3 fungi communities; typical microorganisms were Saccharomyces and Malassezia. Furthermore, the predicted phenotypes of bacteria and their response to environmental factors were evaluated. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the present study has provided insights into the process regulation of spontaneous fermentation and distinguished the key driving forces in the microbiota of Beijing rice vinegar fermentation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates methane emissions in the mangrove forests of Xuan Thuy National Park in Vietnam, examining seasonal variations and the influence of environmental factors. Data from the field measurements present methane flux rates ranging from 0.01 to 10.42 mg m-2 day-1, are substantially lower than the default estimations recommended by IPCC guidelines. The study highlights discrepancies between actual field measurements and suggested default values, emphasizing the necessity for site-specific monitoring to avoid overestimating greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in mangrove areas. The analysis reveals strong correlations between methane flux and environmental parameters. Factors such as water pH, turbidity, temperature, and nitrogen content significantly influence methane emissions. The study emphasizes the interconnectedness of various greenhouse gas emissions within mangrove ecosystems and underlines the importance of accurate, location-specific data in environmental assessments and policy-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding background factors is beneficial for interpreting general movements (GMs). This study examines the factors involved in preterm-writhing GMs by comparing twins and singletons. The subjects were 107 infants cared for at Oita University. The cohort consisted of very-low-birth-weight infants, including twins with a birth weight < 2000 g. The median gestational age (GA) was 29 weeks 1 day. The subjects consisted of 75 singletons, 32 twins (16 pairs), 20 monochorionic twins (M−twins), and 12 dichorionic twins (D-twins). GMs were scored according to the GMs optimality score (GMOS) and integrated into 6 items: the quality, neck-trunk and space, amplitude-speed, rotation, onset-offset and cramped, and tremulous score at 32–34 weeks, 35–36 weeks, and 37–42 weeks' GA. A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using integrated GMOS, and the characteristics of clusters were examined according to clinical backgrounds. Three clusters were identified. Cluster 1 was characterized by good-quality GMs, cluster 2 by a poor repertoire but optimal space and rotatory components, and cluster 3 by overall poor-quality GMs, respectively. The mean GMOSs were 36.6, 31.8 and 24.3 in clusters 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There were no marked differences in proportions within clusters with respect to sex and twins. Small-for-gestational age (SGA) was significantly more frequent in cluster 3 at 32–34 weeks' GA than in other clusters. Perinatal brain injury had a significantly lower proportion in cluster 1 and a higher proportion in cluster 3 at 35–36 weeks' GA and 37–42 weeks' GA. M−twin pairs tended to belong to the same clusters at 35–36 weeks' GA. Preterm writhing GMs are associated with SGA and perinatal brain injury. Cluster matching in M−twins suggests that certain genetic factors may substantially influence GMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although school engagement is crucial to child development, research on children with intellectual disabilities in mainstream schools is scant. This sequential, explanatory mixed-methods study examined the ways in and extent to which children with intellectual disabilities participate in mainstream school activities, as well the personal and environmental factors that affect their participation. A total of 101 general teachers provided quantitative data, while eight children with intellectual impairments and their teachers and peers provided qualitative data. In the quantitative survey, no significant differences were observed between children with and those without intellectual disabilities regarding school absence, but a low similarity existed in their extent of participation. Children with intellectual disabilities engaged most frequently in life-skills and after-school activities and least frequently in social and volunteer activities. School participation was affected by the degree of disability and environmental variables. We derived two themes from qualitative research: (1) school participation of children with intellectual disabilities; and (2) factors associated with school participation of children with intellectual disabilities. The results suggest strategies that may promote the participation of children with intellectual disabilities in mainstream schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf functional traits (LFTs) have become a popular topic in ecological research in recent years. Here, we measured eight LFTs, namely leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf thickness (LT), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf carbon content (LCC), leaf nitrogen content (LNC), leaf phosphorus content (LPC), and leaf potassium content (LKC), in six typical vegetation communities (sclerophyllous evergreen broad-leaved forests, temperate evergreen coniferous forests, cold-temperate evergreen coniferous forests, alpine deciduous broad-leaved shrubs, alpine meadows, and alpine scree sparse vegetation) in the Chayu River Basin, southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our aim was to explore their relationships with evolutionary history and environmental factors by combining the RLQ and the fourth-corner method, and the method of testing phylogenetic signal. The results showed that (i) there were significant differences in the eight LFTs among the six vegetation communities; (ii) the K values of the eight LFTs were less than 1; and (iii) except for LCC, all other LFTs were more sensitive to environmental changes. Among these traits, LA was the most affected by the environmental factors, followed by LNC. It showed that the LFTs in the study were minimally influenced by phylogenetic development but significantly by environmental changes. This study further verified the ecological adaptability of plants to changes in environmental factors and provides a scientific basis for predicting the distribution and diffusion direction of plants under global change conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid (AsA), is an essential organic compound that is crucial for both plants and animals. Due to the inability of humans and some other animals to synthesize AsA, it is essential for them to consume sufficient plant products, especially leaves and fruits, which are good sources of AsA. Numerous studies have attempted to understand how different environmental factors influence crop AsA development. However, a comprehensive understanding of how environmental conditions affect ascorbic acid development remains elusive. This challenge may be due, in part, to the inherent difficulty of accurately and consistently measuring plant AsA. Measurements vary significantly depending on the tools and techniques used to capture them, and consequently, comparing results from different studies is complex. To address this challenge, our study develops a regression model to predict the AsA content in lettuce based on different light conditions. By analyzing how the varying daily light integral (DLI) and the blue light spectrum affect AsA levels, the model provides actionable insights for optimizing light treatments. This model not only aids in enhancing the development of AsA in lettuce but also assists farmers in achieving more sustainable agricultural practices by identifying optimal light spectra and DLI, thus promoting efficient resource utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distributional characteristics of microorganisms in karst cave ecosystems have been widely studied. However, in such a dark, humid, and oligotrophic habitat, studies on the differences in carbon-sequestering bacteria in multiple habitats are limited. Therefore, to learn the distribution characteristics of carbon-sequestering colonies in cave habitats and their correlation with habitat factors (e.g., pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, etc.), samples from five cave habitats (weathered rock walls, underground river water, drips, sediments, and air) were collected from the twilight and dark zones of Shiziyan Cave (CO2 concentration 5385 ppm). The results of high-throughput sequencing and statistical analyses showed that there were significant differences in the distribution of communities in different habitats, with higher abundance in sediments habitat and underground river water habitat, and the dominant phyla of Pseudomonadota (30.53%) and Cyanobacteria (75.11%) in these two habitats. The microbial diversity of the carbon-sequestering microbial community was higher in sediments than in underground river water. The pH, and Ca2+, SO 4 2 − , and NO 3 − concentrations can alter the diversity of carbon-sequestering microbes, thereby affecting carbon cycling in caves. Carbon metabolism analyses suggest that microbes in the habitat can cooperate and coexist by participating in different carbon metabolic pathways. These results expanded our understanding of carbon-sequestering microbial communities in cave systems and their responses to the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of the factors that contribute to hospital readmissions has focused largely on individual level factors. We extend the knowledge base by exploring macrolevel factors that may contribute to readmissions. We point to environmental, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors that are emerging as correlates to readmissions. Data were taken from publicly available reports provided by multiple agencies. Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the association between economic stability and environmental factors on opioid use which was in turn tested for a direct association with hospital readmissions. We also tested whether hospital access as measured by the proportion of people per hospital moderates the relationship between opioid use and hospital readmissions. We found significant associations between Negative Economic Factors and Opioid Use, between Environmental Factors and Opioid Use, and between Opioid Use and Hospital Readmissions. We found that Hospital Access positively moderates the relationship between Opioid Use and Readmissions. A priori assumptions about factors that influence hospital readmissions must extend beyond just individualistic factors and must incorporate a holistic approach that also considers the impact of macrolevel environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scope for environmental management accounting (EMA) has perpetually received attention in recent years, and it has become a pillar of sustainability in addressing environmental and service delivery challenges. Most scholars focused on EMA in a corporate context, limited attention has been given to local governments in available scholarly articles except for various initiatives by the United Nations to guide local governments in adopting and implementing sustainable environmental management practices. This has continued to affect the uptake of EMA in local governments, particularly in developing economies, as the question concerning the role of EMA practices (EMAPs) in environmental and service delivery remains unexplored. A systematic literature review (SLR) through the use of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to identify EMAPs and their role in promoting environmental and service delivery performance (SDP) in local governments was employed. Articles from Google Scholar and Scopus published between 2000 and 2023 were considered. The researchers identified and evaluated energy accounting, material flow accounting, water management accounting, carbon management accounting and biodiversity management accounting as effective EMAPs to address local governments' environmental and service delivery challenges. Furthermore, a conceptual framework to integrate EMAPs with environmental improvement and service delivery plans was developed and has implications for policymakers, communities, government and environmental specialists. The lessons learned from the research are pertinent to developing sustainable cities in emerging economies and further expose the need for further research to consider accounting approaches from higher-income countries as benchmarks for future development of ecosystem accounting to assist local governments in managing environmental challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates the photochromic properties of magnesium tin oxide (MTO) films deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates under various environmental conditions. The photochromic behavior involves the transition of the material to a black state upon ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and its return to transparency upon heating. MTO films deposited on ITO substrates exhibited significant coloration upon UV exposure, with a notable decrease in visible light transmittance. Structural analysis revealed the formation of metallic indium at the MTO/ITO interface during UV irradiation, suggesting a complex reaction mechanism involving oxygen and hydrogen radicals. Investigations into the effects of atmospheric gases and humidity on UV-induced coloration indicated that moisture plays a crucial role in promoting photochromism, while the presence of oxygen influences the degree of coloration. The study provides insights into the underlying processes driving the photochromic phenomenon in MTO/ITO systems and underscores the importance of environmental factors in modulating their optical properties. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the role of oxygen and its derivatives in the photochromic mechanism of MTO films for potential applications in energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) is primarily managed at home and can stem from physical exertion and emotional distress triggers. Beyond these triggers, the impact of ambient environment on pain occurrence and intensity has not been investigated. This study explores the impact of environmental factors on the frequency and severity of breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) in the home context from the perspective of patients with advanced cancer and their primary family caregiver. Methods: A health monitoring system was deployed in the homes of patient and family caregiver dyads to collect self-reported pain events and contextual environmental data (light, temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, ambient noise.) Correlation analysis examined the relationship between environmental factors with: 1) individually reported pain episodes and 2) overall pain trends in a 24-hour time window. Machine learning models were developed to explore how environmental factors may predict BTCP episodes. Results: Variability in correlation strength between environmental variables and pain reports among dyads was found. Light and noise show moderate association (r = 0.50–0.70) in 66% of total deployments. The strongest correlation for individual pain events involved barometric pressure (r = 0.90); for pain trends over 24-hours the strongest correlations involved humidity (r = 0.84) and barometric pressure (r = 0.83). Machine learning achieved 70% BTCP prediction accuracy. Conclusion: Our study provides insights into the role of ambient environmental factors in BTCP and offers novel opportunities to inform personalized pain management strategies, remotely support patients and their caregivers in self-symptom management. This research provides preliminary evidence of the impact of ambient environmental factors on BTCP in the home setting. We utilized real-world data and correlation analysis to provide an understanding of the relationship between environmental factors and cancer pain which may be helpful to others engaged in similar work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) hold promises for enhanced therapeutic potential surpassing that of their parental monoclonal antibodies. However, bsAbs pose great challenges in their manufacturing, and one of the common reasons is their susceptibility to aggregation. Building on previous studies demonstrating the functionality and potential manufacturability of Fab-scFv format bsAb, this investigation delved into the impact of environmental factors—such as pH, buffer types, ionic strength, protein concentrations, and temperatures—on its stability and the reversal of its self-associated aggregates. Mildly acidic, low-salt conditions were found optimal, ensuring bsAb stability for 30 days even at elevated temperature of 40 °C. Furthermore, these conditions facilitated the reversal of its self-associated aggregates to monomers during the initial 7-day incubation period. Our findings underscore the robustness and resilience of Fab-scFv format bsAb, further confirming its potential manufacturability despite its current absence as commercial products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the impact of seasonal environmental factors on microorganisms and flavor compounds during acetic acid fermentation (AAF) of Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar (ZAV). Environmental factors were monitored throughout the fermentation process, which spanned multiple seasons. Methods such as headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and high-throughput sequencing were employed to examine how these environmental factors influenced the flavor profile and microbial community of ZAV. The findings suggested that ZAV brewed in autumn had the strongest flavor and sweetness. The key microorganisms responsible for the flavor of ZAV included Lactobacillus acetotolerans, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus fermentum, Acetobacter pasteurianus. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that room temperature had a significant impact on the composition of the microbial community, along with other key seasonal environmental factors like total acid, pH, reducing sugar, and humidity. These results provide a theoretical foundation for regulating core microorganisms and environmental factors during fermentation, enhancing ZAV quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Fish passage facilities are crucial for restoring river connectivity and protecting ecosystems. This study quantitatively assessed the upstream migration of fish under various environmental conditions. In the Heishuihe River downstream of the Songxin Dam, 19 fish species were monitored, with 15 species reaching the fishway entrance and 12 successfully passing through. The entrance attraction and passage rates of the vertical-slot fishway at Songxin were 15.7% and 40.42%, respectively. The results indicate that May is the optimal period for fish migration, with better performance observed during nighttime than daytime. Optimal entrance attraction occurred at a flow rate of 6–7 m3/s and a temperature of 19–20 °C, while the best passage efficiency was achieved at a flow rate of 0–0.5 m3/s and a temperature of 17–20 °C. A multifactorial Cox regression model identified diurnal rhythms, release location, temperature, and flow rate as primary hindering factors, while body length and water level were found to be promoting factors. A nomogram was developed to predict the success rates of fishway attraction and passage based on these key factors. This study provides theoretical and data support for optimizing fishway operations and offers scientific insights into ecological restoration. Fish passage facilities are essential for restoring river connectivity and protecting ecosystems, effectively balancing economic and ecological benefits. Systematic and comprehensive monitoring, assessment, and optimized management are therefore crucial. This study quantitatively evaluated the entire upstream migration process of fish from the downstream river to the entrance and exit of the fishway and investigated the upstream movement patterns of fish under various environmental factors. A total of 19 fish species were monitored in the Heishuihe River downstream of the dam, with 15 species reaching the fishway entrance and 12 species successfully passing through it. The entrance attraction and passage rates of the vertical-slot fishway at the Songxin hydropower station were 15.7% and 40.42%, respectively. The best upstream performance was observed in May, with fish demonstrating better upstream timing and speed during nighttime compared to daytime. Specifically, the highest entrance attraction efficiency was recorded at a flow rate of 6–7 m3/s and a temperature of 19–20 °C, while the optimal passage efficiency was observed at a flow rate of 0–0.5 m3/s and a temperature of 17–20 °C. Additionally, a multifactorial Cox proportional hazards regression model was constructed to identify key factors influencing the probability of fishway entrance attraction and successful passage. The model elucidated the impact patterns of these key factors on fish upstream migration, ultimately generating an alignment diagram for prediction and control. This study provides a theoretical foundation and data support for developing optimized operational schedules for fishways. The findings offer a more comprehensive and systematic approach for monitoring and evaluating fish passage facilities, serving as a scientific basis for ecological restoration and fish conservation in this region and similar areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to various research, the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) is strongly influenced by genetic variations. Population, familial, and molecular studies provide strong empirical support for a polygenic pattern of inheritance, mainly due to relatively common allelic variants in the general population. The strongest MS susceptibility locus, which was unmistakably identified in tested populations, is the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6p21.3. However, the effect of a given predisposing variant remains modest, so there is the possibility that multiple gene–gene and/or gene–environment interactions could significantly increase the contribution of specific variants to the overall genetic risk. Furthermore, as is known, susceptibility genes can be subject to epigenetic modifications, which greatly increase the complexity of MS heritability. Investigating epigenetic and environmental factors can provide new opportunities for the molecular basis of the MS, which shows complicated pathogenesis. Although studies of epigenetic changes in MS only began in the last decade, a growing body of literature suggests that these may be involved in the development of MS. Here, we summarize recent studies regarding epigenetic changes related to MS initiation and progression. Furthermore, we discuss how current studies address important clinical questions and how future studies could be used in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liver is a complex organ that performs vital functions in the body. Despite its extraordinary regenerative capacity compared to other organs, exposure to chemical, infectious, metabolic and immunologic insults and toxins renders the liver vulnerable to inflammation, degeneration and fibrosis. Abnormal wound healing response mediated by aberrant signaling pathways causes chronic activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Fibrosis plays a key role in liver carcinogenesis. Once thought to be irreversible, recent clinical studies show that hepatic fibrosis can be reversed, even in the advanced stage. Experimental evidence shows that removal of the insult or injury can inactivate HSCs and reduce the inflammatory response, eventually leading to activation of fibrolysis and degradation of ECM. Thus, it is critical to understand the role of gene-environment interactions in the context of liver fibrosis progression and regression in order to identify specific therapeutic targets for optimized treatment to induce fibrosis regression, prevent HCC development and, ultimately, improve the clinical outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overall, 34 local floras of vascular plants were analyzed at testing sites in the Middle Volga region with an area of 400 km2. Noticeable differences were revealed in the nature of correlations between the number of species of adventitious and native flora fractions and environmental factors: climate and relief. In the region, the number of native species is negatively related to air temperature, evaporation rates, and water deficit, while adventive species show a positive relationship with these characteristics. Adventive species are more often found in gently sloping lowlands in polygons characterized by increased elevation differences and drainage area. In general, adventitious species are more associated with semi-arid conditions in sites with relatively high ranges of environmental factors and standard deviation. Multiple regression showed that adventive species are more closely related to environmental factors than native species. In the region, adventive species are distributed predominantly in places (ecotopes) with increased environmental heterogeneity. An analysis of the relationships with environmental factors of the studied fractions may indicate that their distribution on the test sites is consistent, as a result of which they do not show opposition, which is also confirmed by the weak positive relationship between the richness of their species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mites are among the most abundant invertebrates in subsurface ecosystems, and their community assemblages and distributions are often significantly influenced by the diversity of habitat resources. The cave ecosystem encompasses drastic changes in nonbiological factors, such as changes in lighting conditions from bright to extraordinarily dark and habitat gradients of surface plant resources from abundant to scarce or even disappearing, providing an ideal unique environment for evaluating the assembly mechanism of soil animal communities. Nevertheless, there still needs to be a sufficient understanding of the biodiversity patterns and drivers of mite communities across environmental gradients in karst caves. We conducted a comprehensive survey on the composition and diversity of soil mites in three photometric zones (dark, twilight, and light) of a typical karst cave and its adjoining extractive environments (forest scrub and farmland). Our research aimed to investigate the ecological relationships of mite communities between above‐ and below‐ground habitats and the effects of abiotic factors on mite communities. We collected 49 families, 86 genera, and 1284 mites. In the external cave environment, we captured 1052 mites from 72 genera and 45 families; in the internal cave environment, we captured 232 mites from 46 genera and 29 families. The abundance, richness of genera, and diversity parameters of the mite community decreased from the cave entrance to the cave interior with decreasing light intensity. Oribatid mites dominated the mite community. Protoribates and Scheloribates were the dominant genera, along with Tectocepheus and 11 other genera, which primarily distinguished the mite communities among different habitats. Forty endemic taxa were found in the external cave environment, compared to 14 endemic taxa in the internal cave environment. The mite community showed a strong preference for the cave ecosystem habitat. Temperature, humidity, and soil nitrogen content significantly influenced the distribution pattern of mite communities (VIP > 0.8, p < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the impact of external factors on the experiences and family relationships of autistic adolescents and their families. A qualitative approach was used, with in-depth interviews conducted with 30 participants, including autistic adolescents, siblings and parents from within families with an autistic adolescent family member. The findings suggest that external factors significantly influence the well-being of autistic adolescents and their families. The school environment was identified as a significant factor, with sensory overload, bullying and adverse interactions with teachers having a negative impact on the mental health and quality of family relationships for participants. In addition, the study highlighted that isolation and stigma were major concerns for families, suggesting a need for public efforts to raise awareness and understanding of autism. The lack of appropriate support and services was also identified as a significant challenge that families face. The study highlights the need for person-centred approaches to service provision, which involves including autistic adolescents and their families in the design and delivery of support and services. The study recommends collaboration among schools, service providers, and families, as well as efforts to promote autism-friendly environments in schools and the broader community. The influence of the environment on different groups of people with disabilities has rarely been studied in the context of neurodevelopmental disabilities, such as autism, in adolescence. This study explored how external responses to autism affect the experiences, outcomes and family relationships of autistic adolescents and their family members, including siblings and parents. This study adds to the knowledge of factors that contribute to the social disadvantage and exclusion autistic adolescents and their families face in their communities. Interviews with 30 participants from families with an autistic adolescent show that external factors greatly impact the well-being of autistic adolescents and their families. The school environment, including sensory overload, bullying and negative interactions with teachers, was found to be a key factor that negatively influenced mental health and family relationships. The study also revealed that isolation and stigma are major concerns for families, indicating the importance of public awareness campaigns to increase understanding of autism. In addition, the lack of adequate support and services presented significant challenges for families. The study emphasises the importance of person-centred approaches to providing services, which involve including autistic individuals and their families in designing and delivering support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytoplankton plays a key role in the stabilization of aquatic ecosystems. However, there is a lack of research on the structure of phytoplankton communities and their influencing factors in shallow lakes in Southeast Hubei. In this study, four typical lakes were selected in the summer of 2019, and the phytoplankton community structure and its drivers were investigated for each lake. The results showed that the number of phytoplankton species, dominant species, biomass, and abundance varied among lakes. A comprehensive trophic level index (TLI) assessment showed that Lake Xiandao was oligotrophic, Lake Baoan was light eutrophic, and Lake Wang and Lake Ci were moderate eutrophic. The Shannon–Wiener, Margalef, and Pielou indices showed that the phytoplankton communities of Lake Wang and Lake Ci are less stable, and the water bodies are more severely contaminated. In contrast, the communities of the Lake Baoan and Lake Xiandao are more stable and have superior water quality. A redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the primary variables influencing phytoplankton community structures were pH and water temperature (WT) (Lake Ci); permanganate index (CODMn) and pH (Lake Xiandao); WT and total nitrogen (TN) (Lake Wang); and WT and total phosphorus (TP) (Lake Baoan). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Whilst single chemical exposures are suspected to be obesogenic, the combined role of chemical mixtures in paediatric obesity is not well understood. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the potential associations between chemical mixtures and obesity in a population‐based sample of Canadian children. Methods: We ascertained biomonitoring and health data for children aged 3–11 from the cross‐sectional Canadian Health Measures Survey from 2007 to 2019. Several chemicals of interest were measured in blood or urine and paediatric obesity was defined based on measured anthropometrics. Using quantile‐based G computational analysis, we quantified the effects of three chemical mixtures selected a priori. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and environmental factors identified through a directed acyclic graph. Results are presented through adjusted relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: We included 9147 children. Of these, 24.1% were overweight or obese. Exposure to the mixture of bisphenol A, acrylamide, glycidamide, metals, parabens and arsenic increased the risk of childhood overweight or obesity by 45% (95% CI 1.09, 1.93), obesity by 109% (95% CI 1.27, 3.42) and central obesity by 82% (95% CI 1.30, 2.56). Conclusions: Our findings support the role of early childhood chemical exposures in paediatric obesity and the potential combined effects of chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Burn injuries in children present a significant public health concern due to their potential for severe physical and psychological impact. (2) Methods: This study investigates the determinants of pediatric burn severity by analyzing the interplay of demographic and environmental factors. Through a retrospective analysis of pediatric burn cases over five years, encompassing patient demographics, burn causative agents, and clinical outcomes, this research aims to identify significant predictors of burn severity. (3) Results: This study presents a comprehensive analysis of pediatric burn injuries, focusing on the severity, clinical outcomes, and multifactorial aspects influencing recovery. We reviewed 1498 pediatric burn cases from January 2015 to December 2020. The mean age of patients was 5.8 years, with a slight male predominance (54%). Scalds (45%), flame burns (30%), and contact burns (15%) were the most common burn types. Our findings indicate significant differences in burn severity based on TBSA, with 32.5% of cases having TBSA greater than 20%. Multivariate logistic regression identified rural residence, male gender, flame burns, and lower socioeconomic status as significant predictors of severe burn outcomes. The overall mortality rate was 2.5%, with higher rates among patients with TBSA greater than 40%. These results highlight the need for targeted prevention strategies and improved access to specialized burn care. (4) Conclusions: Understanding these factors can inform targeted prevention strategies and improve treatment protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epigenomic and metabolic changes impact retinal health and disease. Metabolite levels influence key epigenomic changes that regulate the retinal transcriptome. Epigenome-metabolism crosstalk underlies retinal adaptation to aging and the environment. The epigenome–metabolism nexus suggests interventions for retinal diseases. Intimate links between epigenome modifications and metabolites allude to a crucial role of cellular metabolism in transcriptional regulation. Retina, being a highly metabolic tissue, adapts by integrating inputs from genetic, epigenetic, and extracellular signals. Precise global epigenomic signatures guide development and homeostasis of the intricate retinal structure and function. Epigenomic and metabolic realignment are hallmarks of aging and highlight a link of the epigenome–metabolism nexus with aging-associated multifactorial traits affecting the retina, including age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma. Here, we focus on emerging principles of epigenomic and metabolic control of retinal gene regulation, with emphasis on their contribution to human disease. In addition, we discuss potential mitigation strategies involving lifestyle changes that target the epigenome-metabolome relationship for maintaining retinal function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The power frequency electric field is the most important electromagnetic environmental factor in alternating current power transmission projects. The humidity has a negative influence on available electric field measuring devices, which may lead to discrepancies of up to seven times the actual value at a relative humidity exceeding 80%. The changes in the support and probe shell impedance may be the reason for the error. The optimization measures include modifying the communication mode, designing a suitable structure and circuit for the probe, and using composite insulating material with strong hydrophobicity for the support. A three‐axis omnidirectional electric field measuring device was developed based on wireless communication and composite support. The variation of the measured electric field strength value is less than 1% at relative humidities ranging from 45% to 90% in the laboratory, and the measured results obtained in high humidity at the high‐voltage test site and under the transmission line demonstrated high accuracy. The research demonstrates that the composite support can be used to improve the performance of conventional devices. The proposed device can better meet the needs for accurate measurement of electric field strength in a high‐humidity environment and overcome the technical problems raised by the IEC standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Different strategies have been described in order to reduce spine deep surgical site infection (SSI); however, non-intervenable items such as environmental factors remain as one of the main concerns for spine surgeons. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was designed in order to evaluate the effect of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and particularly the air pollution index (PM 2.5) on spine surgical site infection. The files of 3609 patients who underwent spinal surgery from April 2019 to March 2022 were reviewed, and 121 patients with spine SSI were detected. Results: There was no significant relationship between mean temperature and humidity of each month with infection and type of bacteria. However, there was a significant relation between warmer season periods and infection. The rate of infection among patients was 3.25% ranged from 2.5% to 4% in colder and warmer seasons accordingly. It was determined that air pollution had a significant relationship with the infection and the type of bacteria. (p value < 0.05, R-Squared = 0.249). Conclusions: Our study revealed a 60% increase in spine SSI during warmer seasons. There was a significant correlation between air pollution and the rate of infection. These may suggest the necessity to reduce the number of elective spine surgeries during warmer seasons and when the level of air pollutant is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As large-scale photovoltaic power plants gradually move towards high-altitude and cold regions, accurate evaluation of the impact of freeze-thaw erosion hazards on the safe operation of photovoltaic power plants is essential. This study, based on a large-scale photovoltaic power plant in a high-altitude and cold area, conducted an initial calculation of the freeze-thaw erosion intensity in the study area by selecting appropriate environmental factors. By coupling human engineering quantitative indicators, a targeted and reasonable evaluation model for the freeze-thaw erosion intensity of photovoltaic sites was proposed, and the freeze-thaw erosion intensity and its spatial distribution under multiple environmental factors and human engineering conditions were explored. The results showed that the freeze-thaw erosion intensity of the photovoltaic site was generally moderate, with a certain degree of concentration and spatial heterogeneity in its distribution, which was mainly affected by topography, climate, and vegetation factors. Furthermore, the construction of the photovoltaic power plant had a certain weakening effect on the freeze-thaw erosion intensity of the site. The research results can provide reference and guidance for the freeze-thaw erosion evaluation of similar large-scale projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant community stability and diversity play crucial roles in maintaining the stable performance of grassland ecosystem functions. In this study, we selected 55 representative grassland community sample plots in the Habahe Forest region of the Altai Mountains, Xinjiang. We examined the number of species, the number of individuals, and the cover of each species in the sample plots. Additionally, we determined the aboveground biomass of grassland communities, the stability of M. Godron communities, and plant diversity (using the Margalef index, Simpson index, Shannon–Wiener index, and Alatalo evenness index) in the sample plots. We analyzed community stability, plant diversity, and the correlation between community stability, plant diversity, and environmental factors (such as longitude, latitude, altitude, slope, humus thickness, soil thickness, air temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture). The results show that the plant coverage and height of different grassland types in the Habahe Forest area decrease from mountain meadow to desert steppe. The aboveground biomass and species diversity of meadows are significantly higher than those of steppes. The stability of different grassland types is as follows: montane steppe > montane meadow steppe > mountain meadow > desert steppe. The species richness of the four grassland types is positively correlated with community stability, while evenness is negatively correlated with community stability. Dominance in montane steppe and montane meadow steppe is significantly positively correlated with community stability, whereas diversity in desert steppe and montane steppe is significantly negatively correlated with community stability. Precipitation and soil moisture are the main factors affecting species diversity and stability in the Habahe Forest area. Soil nutrients and slope can also impact community stability by affecting species diversity. In summary, the ecological management of grasslands in the Habahe Forest area should consider climate, soil, and terrain factors, and different management measures should be selected to adapt to different grassland types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floral nectar is mainly a reward in the form of food for pollinators. In early spring, when snow can still be present, pollinators have trouble finding food. The composition and productivity of nectar in flowers play an important role in a pollinator's life. It is known that low temperatures and lower humidity cause lower nectar secretion. Some studies have also shown that the quality of nectar can differ because of lower temperatures. In our research, we analysed whether abiotic factors affect nectar secretion, as well as the nectar composition of the early spring plant species Galanthus nivalis L. and Helleborus niger L. in February 2024. The study was conducted in two locations in nature. Nectar from H. niger was sampled in Tomišelj, Slovenia, whereas nectar from G. nivalis was sampled in Ljubljana, Slovenia. On four different days at three different times of day, we sampled nectar from flowers using microcapillaries. In total, we sampled 48 nectar samples from one species. We analysed soil humidity and temperature, air temperature and humidity, and UVB radiation. Our results show that nectar productivity is highest in the morning for both species. H. niger has sucrose-dominant nectar, while G. nivalis has hexose-dominant nectar. Proline, which is an important amino acid for bees, has the highest level in both species, as does the phenolic compound rutin. Environmental factors do affect nectar secretion. Soil and air temperature affect G. nivalis nectar secretion, while soil humidity affects H. niger nectar secretion. Soil and air temperature also have an effect on higher levels of sugars in both researched nectars. UVB, air humidity, and air and soil temperature seem to have an effect on phenolic compounds, but abiotic factors do not affect amino acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tabanidae are considered a nuisance to humans, wild animals, and livestock due to their painful, annoying, and insistent biting. Tabanids transmit some pathogens and parasites biologically and mechanically. In humans, there are relatively few pathogens transmitted regularly. Still, tabanids serve as vectors of a number of disease agents of animals, including viruses, bacteria, protozoans, and nematodes. They are more abundant in tropical and humid regions, and their seasonal patterns are affected by habitat changes such as deforestation and fragmentation. Here, we analyze the tabanid fauna in Monte Negro, a central municipality of Rondônia, Brazil, comparing abundance, richness, and diversity in forest and pasture habitats. Traps were set for 5 days a month for 12 consecutive months. We also examined how abiotic factors (humidity, temperature, and rainfall) affected the abundance, diversity, and richness and the effectiveness of Malaise and Nzi traps as sample methods. The influence of climatic variables on the richness and abundance of the species was tested using generalized linear models, and we used non-parametric dimensional scaling (nMDS) for analysis of species composition and diversity in different traps and environments. We collect 1032 specimens of 25 species. The most abundant species were Tabanus antarcticus, Dichelacera tetradelta, Tabanus mucronatus, and Leucotabanus albovarius. Forest habitats had the highest number of tabanids, followed by pasture and the anthropized area, and there was no significant difference regarding the effectiveness of the Malaise and Nzi traps. The study provides new information on the distribution and ecology of tabanids in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of tis paper was to identify groundwater-dependent wetlands physical and hydrological characteristics and ecosystem relationship in Nun River, Niger Delta Region, Nigeria using appropriate techniques of involving groundwater monitoring of wells and meteorological stations and interpreting satellite data. Findings showed high levels of association between environmental variables and wetland variables existed--the relationship we found was positive between rainfall metrics and vegetation, with a ratio exceeding 12. The vegetation density ranged from 66.987% to 68.215%, with precipitation ranging from 8.921 mm to 21.895 mm. It ranged from 2.145 m to 2.609 m, depending on the occurrence of rain. Therefore, the hydraulic conductivity recorded the soil's moisture content between 22.896% and 24.325%, and the KGE ranged from 0 to 1.002-0.003 m/s. The analysis acknowledges that the perception of the connections between the branches of groundwater and wetlands in LSMs is critical for Niger Delta ecosystems. This illustrates the importance of considering hydrological processes and the environment in large-scale modelling. His research findings contribute to the advancement of wetland management methods and enhance our understanding of the changes in coastal wetland ecosystems in response to environmental shifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was conducted during October 2021 (autumn) and April 2022 (spring) to explore the phytoplankton community structure, their distribution characteristics, and the influence of environmental factors in the coastal waters of the Southern Beibu Gulf. The 15 sampling sites were grouped based on the difference in offshore distance to analyze the temporal and spatial differences in community structure and environmental driving in the investigated sea area of the coastal waters of the Southern Beibu Gulf. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance was conducted on the sample data in time and space, revealing that there is no significant difference in space (p > 0.05), but there is significant difference in time (p < 0.05). Notably, water pressure, pH, chemical oxygen demand, nitrite, and labile phosphate were higher in autumn, while total ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, and suspended solids were significantly higher in spring. Additionally, the study identified 87 phytoplankton species belonging to 6 phyla, dominating by Bacillariophyta, followed by Dinophyta and Cyanophyta. The phytoplankton density, Shannon Weiner's diversity index (H'), Pielou's evenness index (J), and Margalef's richness index (D) ranged from 84.88 to 4675.33 cells L−1, 0.56 to 2.58, 0.26 to 0.89, and 1.21 to 3.64, respectively. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance showed non-significant spatial differences in phytoplankton composition (p > 0.05) but seasonal differences (p < 0.05). Furthermore, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) identified pH, dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, nitrite, and labile phosphate as key environmental factors influencing the phytoplankton community structure (p < 0.05). In this study, the dynamic changes of phytoplankton community structure and environmental factors in the southern coastal waters of Beibu Gulf were analyzed in detail from two aspects of time and space. The key environmental factors to protect the ecological environment in the southern coastal area of Beibu Gulf were found out. It provides a reference method and theoretical basis for the management and protection of Beibu Gulf and other tropical marine environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its initial report in the Philippines in 1981, ice-ice disease (IID) remains a substantial threat to the sustainability of eucheumatoid seaweed production. However, comprehensive investigations into the prevalence, intensity, and potential relationships with physicochemical and meteorological parameters are limited, particularly in open-sea farms. This is the first study to conduct a 12-month monitoring of IID prevalence and intensity in eucheumatoid seaweed farms in Tawi-Tawi, Philippines. The research aimed to elucidate seasonal variations and potential associations with physicochemical and meteorological parameters. The findings revealed significant seasonal variations in IID prevalence, with a higher incidence observed during the dry season compared to the wet season. Additionally, deep-water farms exhibited significantly higher prevalence and ice-ice spot numbers per bundle compared to shallow-water farms. Furthermore, Kappaphycus striatus displayed a significantly greater ice-ice spot length per bundle compared to K. alvarezii. Notably, no interaction effects were observed among season, species, and depth. Interestingly, while no correlations were found between ice-ice disease and most measured physicochemical and meteorological parameters (temperature, salinity, pH, water current velocity, wind speed) or nutrient concentrations (phosphate, nitrate, nitrite), an inverse correlation (p < 0.05) emerged between ammonium levels and IID intensity parameters (number and length of ice-ice spot per bundle). Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between monthly rainfall and IID intensity. These findings offer valuable insights into the dynamics of IID in open-sea eucheumatoid seaweed (Kappaphycus) farming, highlighting the influence of seasonality, depth, and species susceptibility, as well as the relationship between IID severity and ammonium levels and rainfall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) is the most common autoimmune disease. It most often manifests itself as hypothyroidism but may also present with euthyroidism or even hyperthyroidism. The etiopathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis is still unclear. However, in addition to genetic and epigenetic factors, many environmental factors are known to increase the risk of developing AIT. In this review, we aimed to collect and analyze data connected with environmental factors and autoimmune thyroiditis development. Our review indicates iodine intake, vitamin D deficiency, selenium deficiency, viral infections caused by Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV), Human parvovirus B19 (PVB19), Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) and Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), bacterial infection caused by Helicobacter pylori, microbiome disruption, medications such as interferon-alpha and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as stress, climate, and smoking can influence the risk of the occurrence of autoimmune thyroiditis. Having knowledge of risk factors allows for making changes to one's diet and lifestyle that will reduce the risk of developing the disease and alleviate the course of autoimmune thyroiditis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthworms are essential components in temperate forest ecosystems, yet the patterns of change in earthworm-associated microbial communities across different temperate forests remain unclear. This study employed high-throughput sequencing technology to compare bacterial community composition and structure in three earthworm-associated microhabitats (skin, gut, and habitat soil) across three typical temperate forests in China, and investigated the influence of environmental factors on these differential patterns. The results indicate that: (1) From warm temperate forests to cold temperate forests, the soil pH of the habitat decreased significantly. In contrast, the physicochemical properties of earthworm skin mucus exhibited different trends compared to those of the habitat soil. (2) Alpha diversity analysis revealed a declining trend in Shannon indices across all three microhabitats. (3) Beta diversity analysis revealed that the transition from warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest to cold temperate coniferous forest exerted the most significant impact on the gut bacterial communities of earthworms, while its influence on the skin bacterial communities was comparatively less pronounced. (4) Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla in earthworm skin, gut, and habitat soil, but the trends in bacterial community composition differed among the three microhabitats. (5) Mantel tests revealed significant correlations between bacterial community structures and climatic factors, physicochemical properties of earthworm habitat soil, and physicochemical properties of earthworm skin mucus. The findings of this study offer novel perspectives on the interplay between earthworms, microorganisms, and the environment within forest ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]