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Copyright of Lexikos is the property of Bureau of the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses basic issues related to Polish anthroponomastic terms, their development and frequency, taking into account the variability of terminological units and the co-existence of native and foreign forms (usually Greek or Latin). It presents problems related to defining a term, determining its scope or (in particular cases) status, indicating preferred, permissible or non-recommended variant forms, selection (reduction) of sub-terms, the existence of doublets with a grammatical number, acceptance or rejection of new terms, etc. In the text, among others, the following sources were used: the dictionary "Osnoven sistem i terminologija na slovenskata onomastika" ["Basic system and terminology of Slavic onomastics"] (1983), an article by Mieczysław Karaś "W sprawie polskiej terminologii onomastycznej" ["On Polish onomastic terminology"] (1968), studies by Henryk Górnowicz (1988) and Ewa Jakus-Borkowa (1987), encyclopedia "Polskie nazwy własne" ["Polish proper names"] (1998), the compendium "Słowiańska onomastyka" ["Slavic onomastics"] (2002-2003) and selected articles published in the journal "Onomastica". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to point to fundamental implications of the prototype theory for lexicographic practice using them as a solid foundation for developing and proposing a model for systematic, consistent, precise and, above all, reliable treatment of polysemy in dictionaries. The main requirement of such a model is to make transparent the main features of a polysemous structure including its hierarchical organization, mutual relatedness of senses based on family resemblance and motivated derivation of senses. The proposed model includes three most challenging but key aspects of lexicographic treatment of polysemy: sense discrimination, sense defining and structure and organization of a dictionary entry. The prototype-based view of a polysemous structure is illustrated with a diagram representing a proposed upgrade of the radial set model introduced by Brugman and Lakoff (1988) and providing a pattern for tailoring a dictionary entry for a polysemous word. After practical aspects of the proposed model are explained in detail, an illustration follows setting forth a sample entry for a highly polysemous verb formed according to the proposed model. A solid theoretical foundation of the model is expected to ensure its practical efficiency primarily concerning quick and easy detection and understanding of senses.

The present article investigates several elements of the microstructural level of Swahili bilingual dictionaries. The main emphasis is on the grammatical information, its content and presentation in the various dictionaries chosen for analysis. The other components of a dictionary entry analysed include the headword, its citation form, and additionally the pronunciation, usage labels and etymological information not found in every dictionary. We investigate the many ways in which information can be presented to the user, influencing the user-friendliness of a given dictionary.

The paper discusses meaning presentation strategies in two general monolingual English learners’ explanatory dictionaries against the background of the concept of meaning advocated in metalexicography. The analysis of theoretical views has revealed that the postulated primacy of context, and, more narrowly, of collocations, in defining meanings, backed by arguments from both linguistics and beyond, had an impact on processing word meanings, in terms of the resulting structure of dictionary entries. In the analysis of entries the texts of definitions have been juxtaposed to collocations given in the same entries in two editions of Longman and COBUILD dictionaries. Later editions not only provide considerably more collocations in both examples and definitions, but also more often split senses into subsenses, the decisive factor for splitting being different collocates of the head word, to the extent that definitions of some senses or subsenses are either identical or very similar. Meaning is seen as a fuzzy category with blurred and overlapping edges both in theory and in lexicographic practice.

The present study is intended to address the various aspects related to the use of dictionaries as an essential part of both a technical translator’s work and of a specialist’s research activities. After comparing different types of technical dictionaries available for these professional categories, the study offers several suggestions for improving the quality of these indispensable linguistic instruments (dictionaries and glossaries) and for encouraging lexicographers to invest energy in creating better and well-conceived specialized technical dictionaries and glossaries which today’s specialists dearly need.

Copyright of Lexikos is the property of Bureau of the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper discusses meaning presentation strategies in two general monolingual English learners' explanatory dictionaries against the background of the concept of meaning advocated in metalexicography. The analysis of theoretical views has revealed that the postulated primacy of context, and, more narrowly, of collocations, in defining meanings, backed by arguments from both linguistics and beyond, had an impact on processing word meanings, in terms of the resulting structure of dictionary entries. In the analysis of entries the texts of definitions have been juxtaposed to collocations given in the same entries in two editions of Longman and COBUILD dictionaries. Later editions not only provide considerably more collocations in both examples and definitions, but also more often split senses into subsenses, the decisive factor for splitting being different collocates of the head word, to the extent that definitions of some senses or subsenses are either identical or very similar. Meaning is seen as a fuzzy category with blurred and overlapping edges both in theory and in lexicographic practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper continues an idea presented in a previous article that addressed the same issue of the legal dictionaries and glossaries with special reference to the main methodology used by authors in creating these necessary linguistic instruments. The main point of this article is that apart from the scarcity of these books on the Romanian market in comparison with, for example, the economic ones, the legal researcher, professional or translator faces the challenge of providing not only an accurate translation but also a comprehensible one for certain target reader whose expectancies relate to the system of law he comes from. It is true that English has become a lingua franca, especially for the world of business, yet as regards the area of law the differences imposed by the various legal systems make the job of the translator in this domain even more difficult as the translation is supposed to mediate a comprehensible communication between two systems of law: that of the original text and its translated version. The aim of this study is to offer several suggestions for improving the quality of these indispensable linguistic instruments (dictionaries and glossaries) as well as to suggest some ways of coping with the translation in the field of law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study is meant to point out the main methodology used by authors in creating the English-Romanian/Romanian-English legal dictionaries/glossaries which exist on the book market in our country. The research worker who is interested in studying the content and structure of such dictionaries immediately notices the small number of these books on the Romanian market in comparison with, for example, the economic ones. At the same time, the research workers and also the users of legal dictionaries quite easily identify the frequent scarcity and the simple structure of the entries included by lexicographers. Our study will analyze the criteria used by the authors of these dictionaries for selecting the terms included in their books, as well as the structure of the selected entries (phonetic script, contextualization, identification of uncountable/countable nouns, indication of special plural forms, such as the foreign plural, references made to synonyms for disambiguation etc.). Finally, the aim of our paper is to offer several suggestions for improving the quality of these indispensable linguistic instruments (dictionaries and glossaries) and for encouraging lexicographers to invest energy in creating better and well-conceived specialized legal dictionaries and glossaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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