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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue Canadienne des Ressources Hydriques is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• The structural model was constructed for a water evaporator operating in a low-pressure environment. • A multi-objective optimization method combining CFD simulations and the MO-SHERPA algorithm was proposed. • The offset strip fin structure and heat transfer performance of the water evaporator was optimized. The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal heat transfer performance and structure of airborne water evaporators in low-pressure environments. To achieve this, a multi-objective optimization design was performed on a plate-fin water evaporator with offset strip fins, operating in a low-pressure environment at an absolute pressure of 7 kPa. The multi-objective Simultaneous Hybrid Exploration that is Robust, Progressive and Adaptive (SHERPA) (MO-SHERPA) algorithm was used to optimize the structure of the plate–fin water evaporator under a low pressure of 7 kPa. There are three conflicting optimization objectives, including comprehensive performance factor (JF), entropy generation (S gen), and weight. The optimal Pareto frontier design points were compared and analyzed based on the three evaluation indicators. The optimization results showed that compared with the initial design point, the JF increased by 32.14% and the weight decreased by 48%, which indicated that the heat exchange performance has been significantly improved, and the weight of the heat exchanger was also reduced. The internal and external flow fields of the water evaporator, including temperature, pressure, and volume fraction of vapor, were qualitatively compared to prove the optimization effect. In addition, the influence of structural parameters on the heat transfer performance of the water evaporator were analyzed. The method proposed in this study can effectively optimize the fin structural design parameters, providing valuable guidance for the structural design of water evaporators operating in low-pressure environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lecturas de Economia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Ciencias Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A statistical description of metallic glasses is proposed based on evaluation of an entropy and using the concept of potential energy landscape (PEL). The PEL is probed using nano-indentation, assuming that serrations observed are related to local energy levels. Serrations sizes follow a Poisson distribution consistent with, that their formation is a rare events. An entropy is derived revealing parameters characterizing the glass structure. The relevance of the approach is tested on the size effect on mechanical properties of metallic glass. It is noticed that the relations explain the effect of film thickness on the glass transition temperature observed for glass polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article illustrates some of the opportunities and challenges of pursuing a big data approach in linguistic research. To do so, we investigate the diffusion of the loan verb pimpen 'to fancify' in Dutch based on Twitter data. First, we focus on the derivations of the verb (e.g.: terugpimpen 'to pimp back', herpimpen 'to repimp', etc.) and plot the diversity of these forms through time, using the Chao-Wang-Jost estimation of Shannon entropy. We follow this up with an alternation study that compares pimpen not only to its 'native' alternative opleuken, but also its most frequent derivation oppimpen, using multinomial regression. It is found that, while pimpen's early expansion in Dutch has proceeded at breakneck speed, resulting e.g. in a plethora of derivations that has so far gone undetected, its current momentum seems to be waning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prägnanz ist eines der grundlegenden Konzepte der Gestaltpsychologie, aber vergleichsweise wenig für den musikalischen Bereich erforscht. Prägnanz wird dabei häufig als übergeordnetes Gestaltgesetz beschrieben, das mehrere Unterkategorien wie zum Beispiel Ordnung aufweist. Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit hatte daher zum Ziel, den Einfluss von melodischer und rhythmischer Entropie als Ordnungsmaß auf die Prägnanzwahrnehmung von filmmusikalischen Leitmotiven aus dem amerikanischen TV-Serienuniversum „CW‘s Arrowverse“ zu untersuchen. Basierend auf einer explorativen Teilstudie mit musikalischen ExpertInnen (N = 17) wurde eine zweite Online-Studie mit Nicht-ExpertInnen (N = 50) durchgeführt, bei denen die ProbandInnen zehn Leitmotive mit Hilfe von 15 Adjektiven bewerten sollten. Mit jeweils sechs bzw. zehn dieser Adjektive konnten zwei wahrnehmungspsychologische Faktoren für Prägnanz bzw. Entropie der Leitmotive mittels explorativer Faktorenanalysen identifiziert werden. Zwischen diesen Faktoren zeigte sich ein negativer quadratischer Zusammenhang (F (2,7) = 1.12, p = .38), der 24.3% der Varianz aufklärte. Dies stimmt mit bisherigen Erkenntnissen überein und liefert Anregungen für weiterführende Forschung. Während Random-Forest-Modelle in Teilstudie I zunächst noch das melodisch-rhythmische Feature „metric_complexity_division“ (0.03) als zentral zur computerbasierten Abbildung von Präganzwahrnehmung identifizierten, konnten die verwendeten Modelle in Teilstudie II keine Ergebnisse generieren. Gründe für die gefunden Schwächen werden diskutiert und liefern wichtige Erkenntnisse auf dem Gebiet der Computational Musicology.

Interfaces connect spaces that must be simultaneously different and sufficiently similar. In doing so, they control the quantity and quality of the exchange that takes place across them. Interfaces are highly complex in the dimensions of space and time, self-organised, of finite extent and tolerate only minor changes in the milieu. Interfacial function is an active process that enables exchange, requires energy from outside, is highly specific, reduces entropy and increases information, and in this way establishes and maintains difference. If even one of the properties of the interface fails, the system collapses. The interface function is a basic physiological principle that is used here to hypothesise an analogous basic function in the psychological. Interfaces can be thought of in analogy to the contact barrier in Bion’s sense; they are found ubiquitously and function simultaneously. These considerations are illustrated by clinical case studies from psychoanalytic treatments. Various features of the interface functions as well as aspects of their disturbance or restoration will be illuminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This viewpoint considers extending aging studies beyond their current exclusive interest in human beings, conveying recent calls for this in more accessible terms. Specifically noted is that all entities/systems age relationally via the same universal entropic process and hence, based on this understanding, an "all‐world aging" perspective might be developed. A particular consideration is what such a broadening of horizons might offer for advancing our understandings of time—specifically with regard to the material press in time—and the issues it raises in terms of subjectivities. Key Messages: Everything in the world ages through relational entropic processes.Through such a realization, geographical and social scientific study of aging might be extended to consider the aging of all entities; this is an "all‐world aging" perspective.A broadened field of inquiry might help advance our understandings of time, particularly with regard to the material press in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Willard Gibbs formulated in 1873 a mathematical function, the Gibbs energy, whose variation governs the perfect gas evolution. In 1895, Ludwig Boltzmann presented a microscopic description of the perfect gas in concordance with the phenomenological approach of Gibbs. The chemical thermodynamics has been historically developed using the model of the perfect gas from the existence of the chemical potential postulated in 1876 by Gibbs. The chemical potential, a quantity ascribed to every chemical species, represents the driving force of a chemical reaction. Chemists and physicists use since the beginning of the 20th century Gibbs and Boltzmann model to express the evolution laws of chemical reactions and phase transitions. This model, which presents a weakness to describe certain systems so-called as not ideal systems, was gradually declined in numerous successive empirical models of complexities and increasing predictive performances but restricted to particular systems. A unified model of microscopic evolutions based on kinetics is presented in this manuscript which is a clearly-cut breakthrough with thermodynamic chemistry: the existence of the chemical potential is not recognized and the calorimetric entropy from the second law of thermodynamics, which is consistent for heat transfer prediction, is not consistent to predict microscopic evolutions. Kinetic entropy rising from this approach replaces calorimetric entropy in the function that governs chemical reactions and phases equilibria evolutions.

Copyright of Jahrbuch Musikpsychologie is the property of Audio Engineering Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Movement & Sport Sciences / Science & Motricité is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EU-topías: A Journal on Interculturality, Communication & European Studies is the property of Universite de Geneve, Global Studies Intitute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Following on from work by Miloš Sedmidubský, this study deals with syllabic irregularity (heterogeneity) in Toman's (and Vrchlický's) verse. It focuses on Toman's early work, analysing individual poems and collections (particularly Pohádky krve, Tales of Blood, 1898 and Torzo života, Torso of Life, 1902). The material base is made up of 350 poems, and the differences between individual sets are checked by means of statistical tests. Syllabic irregularity is expressed in terms of entropy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores trends in spelling variation as reflected in Early English correspondence (15th–17th c.) on the material of the Corpus of Early English Correspondence (CEEC). Overall change in spelling variation has so far been commented on only in relatively general terms and never on quantitative grounds. There is, of course, no doubt about the general direction of the change (towards greater standardization, though not in a straightforward manner) and its basic characteristics, such as its slower pace in private documents compared to the spelling of professional publications, but the data to support the assertions as well as precise definitions of spelling variation or regularisation have not yet been, to our knowledge, provided. This paper introduces a novel methodology for the quantification of spelling variation and regularity, which allows a more objective assessment of its change and which also makes use of the metadata provided by the CEEC: such as gender, letter authenticity or relationship/kinship between the author and the recipient. The paper explores interactions of such variables from the diachronic perspective using quantified levels of spelling regularity. The measure introduced for this purpose is based on weighted information (Shannon) entropy, as a measure of predictability of spellings of individual functionally defined types, and its calculation is partly based on the morphological tagging of the parsed version of the Corpus.

Milestones in the development of thermodynamics are the discovery of the absolute temperature scale and the recognition that differential "heat" is a form of energy given as the product of absolute temperature and differential entropy. Following a new path, the last statement results from a careful analysis of the heat transfer applying the first theorem without reference to the usual cycles in thermodynamics. This confirms also characteristic properties of entropy. In particular, the total entropy can never decrease in a process. In thermal equilibrium, the differential thermal energy is proportional to the differential entropy with the constant of proportionality being the temperature of the heat and entropy. Hence, thermal energy and entropy are transferred simultaneously into the same storage facilities, some of which are mentioned. However, the issue which one is the superior quantity is obsolete. The entropy is maximum for a given amount of exchanged thermal energy and, vice versa, for a given amount of exchanged entropy the concomitant energy is minimum. We calculate the thermal energy and entropy of phonons (as bosons) in oscillators and of electrons (as fermions) in their states of solids and melts as examples from statistical thermodynamics. The thermal energy or heat is the sum of the energies of all bosons and fermions in their elementary states or quantum states according to Bose Einstein and Fermi Dirac statistics in thermal equilibrium minus the total energy in the limit T→0 K. The entropy can be written as mixing entropy of all of these quantum states weighted with their occupancies, in agreement with an earlier publication. Thus, entropy is a logarithmic metrics of the number of all possible variants to distribute the respective total energy over all elementary states in thermal equilibrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Geometric Analysis is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose - Luciano Floridi suggests building an ethics of information, replacing information ethics in terms of analysing the processes that occur in the infosphere. Its starting point is the reduction of entropy in it, which identifies definitively with the good and, on the contrary, the increase in entropy is for him a definition of evil. The study aims to point out that the ethics of information can be built not on entropy but on the dynamic complexity that we introduce in the paper. Design/Methodology/Approach - The article systematically analyses Floridi's starting points in the definition of infosphere and entropy and, based on their critical discussion, proposes - from a phenomenological-pragmatist position - an alternative approach to the ethics of information. Results - The result is the introduction of the concept of dynamic complexity as a basis for information ethics. It is based not only on the criticism of the problems associated with entropy in the infosphere. The study is based on Johnson and Lakoff, who work with corporeality as a basis for the theory of knowledge and thought. These reflections then translate into practical implementations, which are devoted to the final part of the article. Originality/Value - The article offers a proprietary concept of information ethics that allows for a more comprehensive and applied approach than Floridi's original basis in entropy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of synthetic helical structures undergoing stimuli‐responsive chirality transformations is important for an understanding of the role of chirality in natural systems. However, controlling supramolecular chirality in entropically driven assemblies in aqueous media is challenging. To develop stimuli‐responsive assemblies, we designed and synthesized pyrazine derivatives with l‐alanine groups as chiral building blocks. These systems undergo self‐assembly in aqueous media to generate helical fibers and the embedded alanine groups transfer their chirality to the assembled structures. Furthermore, these helical fibers undergo a Ni2+‐induced chirality transformation. The study demonstrates the role of intermolecular hydrogen bonding, π–π stacking, and the hydrophobic effect in the Ni2+‐mediated transition of helical fibers to supercoiled helical ensembles which mimic the formation of superstructures in biopolymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Experimental data for the thermodynamic properties of the nanofluids is presented. • Influence the fullerenes additives on thermodynamic properties is studied. • Fullerenes increase the specific isobaric heat capacity of mineral compressor oil. • Fullerenes affected the specific isobaric heat capacity, enthalpy, entropy of ROS. In present study a new experimental data for the saturated liquid density and saturated vapor pressure along the boiling line for the solutions of the "natural" refrigerant isobutane (R600a) with mineral compressor oil and solutions of R600a/compressor oil/fullerenes C 60 is presented. Moreover, a new experimental data on the specific isobaric heat capacity, enthalpy and entropy along the boiling line for the R600a/compressor oil solutions is reported. Experimental data of the two-phase isochoric heat capacity was obtained for different compressor oil fraction in the refrigerant in the temperature range from 260 to 330 K. Obtained information was used to calculate the caloric properties of the R600a/compressor oil solutions. In addition, an influence of fullerene C 60 on the specific isobaric heat capacity of mineral oil was examined. The measurements of the heat capacity for the R600a/compressor oil solutions, pure compressor oil and compressor oil containing fullerenes C 60 were performed using an experimental setup that implements a direct heating method in adiabatic calorimeter. In addition, the heat capacity of oil and oil containing fullerenes C 60 have been measured using differential scanning calorimetry. Finally, the heat capacity increase for the compressor oil with the additives of 0.0020 kg kg−1 of fullerenes C 60 was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimum selection of appropriate biomaterial with unlike properties for the femoral head material is one of the toughest tasks. Therefore, in this article, a series of implant materials for the femoral head by vacuum casting induction furnace containing cobalt‐30chromium (Co‐30Cr) as a base material and three alloying elements (i. e. molybdenum, nickel and tungsten) were developed and evaluated for physical, mechanical and tribological properties. Density, hardness, compressive strength, coefficient of friction and volumetric wear were considered as material selection criterions. The weight of each criterion has been determined by entropy method, while the ranking of the alternatives has been carried out by the preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE) method. From this ranking results, it is found that the cobalt‐30chromium‐4molybdenum‐1nickel‐2tungsten (Co‐30Cr‐4Mo‐1Ni‐2W) material at given parameters is the best implant material for the femoral head component of hip joint replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The well‐known endothermic reaction of barium hydroxide with ammonium thiocyanate can be substituted by the reaction of citric acid and sodium carbonate decahydrate. Through the measures shown a digression of temperature of almost 40 K is achieved. Therefore it is even possible to freeze the reaction vessel to an insulating pad. In this manner a heavy metal compound can be replaced by less dangerous substances, which additionally are more closely related to everyday life. The experiment is applicable at the beginner's level in the context of energy changes and also at a more advanced level to explain entropy effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The quality of experimental VLE data for ammonia–water mixture was evaluated. • Existing models for correlation of enthalpy and entropy were analyzed. • A new correlation was established for calculation of enthalpy and entropy. • New equations can be used for pressures up to 100 bar and temperatures up to 535 °C. Abstract In this paper we have reexamined the published correlations for liquid and vapor enthalpy and entropy data in order to obtain statistical proof that the correlations are in accordance with the databanks found in the open literature. In this process few new correlations were found to be with better accordance with data banks. After reconsiderations we have concluded that new correlations proposed hereby have to be given the preference rather than the previously published correlations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Conceptual and operating performances analysis of a solar absorption refrigeration cycle. • Quasi-real irreversible cycle operating in transient regime. • Application of the first and the second laws of thermodynamic. • Total entropy generation is acquired and the performances are examined at various operating conditions. • The stagnation temperature of the solar collector is needed to approach the real operations. Abstract The performances of a solar absorption refrigerator cycle are investigated. The cycle is considered as a real irreversible plant operating in transient regime. The total entropy generation is acquired applying the two laws of thermodynamic and the performances are examined at various operating conditions. The results show that high efficiency value is obtained at high control temperature. The increase of this temperature allows reaching the minimum time to reach a prescribed cooled-space temperature. Greatest and optimal values of the stagnation temperature of the solar collector are needed to approach the real operations. The minimum time and the dimensionless size of the solar collector are significantly affected by both the cold thermal load and the thermal conductance of the walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of elusive K4O6 has disclosed implications of crucial relevance for new solid materials discovery. K4O6 forms in equilibrium from K2O2 and KO2, in an all‐solid state, endothermic reaction at elevated temperature, undergoing back reaction upon cooling to ambient conditions. This tells that the compound is stabilized by entropy alone. Analyzing possible entropic contributions reveals that the configurational entropy of "localized" electrons, i.e. of polaronic quasi‐particles, provides the essential contribution to the stabilization. We corroborate this assumption by measuring the relevant heats of transformation and tracking the origin of entropy of formation computationally. These findings challenge current experimental and computational approaches towards exploring chemical systems for new materials by searching the potential energy landscape: one would fail in detecting candidates that are crucially stabilized by the configurational entropy of localized polarons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thanks to considerable progress in quantum techniques, it has been possible to redefine all SI base units from fundamental constants. A last challenge is to produce a unified framework for fundamental metrology in which all base quantities and relevant fundamental constants appear naturally and consistently. We suggest a generalized 5D framework in which both gravito-inertial and electromagnetic interactions have a natural geometrical signification and in which all measurements can be reduced to phase determinations by optical or matter–wave interferometry. The corner stones of this unification are action and entropy. The connection is made with Kaluza's 5D theory and Planck's natural units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]