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In this paper, we provide a structure theorem and various characterizations of degradable strong entanglement breaking maps on separable Hilbert spaces. In the finite-dimensional case, we prove that unital degradable entanglement breaking maps are precisely the C ⁎ -extreme points of the convex set of unital entanglement breaking maps on matrix algebras. Consequently, we get a structure for unital degradable positive partial transpose (PPT) maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonclassical states are an important class of states in quantum mechanics, particularly for applications in quantum information theory. Optomechanical systems are invaluable platforms for exploring and harnessing these states. In this study, we focus on a mirror-in-the-middle optomechanical system. In the absence of losses, a separable state, composed of the product of coherent states, evolves into an entangled state. Furthermore, we demonstrate that generating a two-mode Schrödinger-cat state depends on the optomechanical coupling. Additionally, when the optical modes are uncoupled from the mechanical mode, we find no entanglement for certain nonzero optomechanical coupling intensities. We exactly solve the Gorini–Kossalokowinki–Sudarshan–Lindblad master equation, highlighting the direct influence of the reservoir on the dynamics when mechanical losses are considered. Then, we discuss vacuum one-photon superposition states to obtain exact entanglement dynamics using concurrence as a quantifier. Our results show that mechanical losses in the mirror attenuate the overall entanglement of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern quantum information, the associated protocols highly rely upon qubit-qutrit systems which offer enhanced robustness to decoherence and greater encoding capabilities, essential for fault-tolerant quantum computing and cryptography. This study investigates the dynamic behavior of quantum coherence and entanglement in a qubit-qutrit system subjected to diverse interactions and exposed to external magnetic and classical fields influenced by Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU)-Static mixed noise. Various system parameters are explored to discern their impact on quantum correlations over time. The dynamics characterized by spin-coupling reveal an initial entangled state, with coherence and negativity exhibiting finite values. However, the entanglement diminishes over time, accompanied by damped oscillations, indicative of coherent dynamics. Contrastingly, the magnetic field demonstrates a diminishing trajectory in coherence and negativity with increasing values, leading to complete vanishing at critical thresholds. Temperature variations display a declining trend in coherence and negativity as temperature rises, highlighting its role as a dampening factor disrupting quantum correlations. The variations in state noise disorder parameters reveal enhanced preservation and reduced oscillations as the noise disorder parameter decreases, emphasizing its crucial role in shaping quantum correlations. In addition, we observe the dynamics to be more fluctuating with increasing field coupling strength. Our findings show that the hybrid setup presented here gives completely varying traits compared to the individual configuration of qubit-qutrit systems, static noise, and OU noise studied previously. The proposed framework can serve as a prototype for studying quantum systems beyond two-level qubits, providing a more comprehensive understanding of multi-level quantum states under realistic noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purse‐seine fishers using drifting fish aggregating devices (dFADs), mainly built with bamboo, plastic buoys, and plastic netting, to aggregate and catch tropical tuna, deploy 46,000–65,000 dFADs per year in the Pacific Ocean. Some of the major concerns associated with this widespread fishing device are potential entanglement of sea turtles and other marine fauna in dFAD netting; marine debris and pollution; and potential ecological damage via stranding on coral reefs, beaches, and other essential habitats for marine fauna. To assess and quantify the potential connectivity (number of dFADs deployed in an area and arriving in another area) between dFAD deployment areas and important oceanic or coastal habitat of critically endangered leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) sea turtles in the Pacific Ocean, we conducted passive‐drift Lagrangian experiments with simulated dFAD drift profiles and compared them with known important sea turtle areas. Up to 60% of dFADs from equatorial areas were arriving in essential sea turtle habitats. Connectivity was less when only areas where dFADs are currently deployed were used. Our simulations identified potential regions of dFAD interactions with migration and feeding habitats of the east Pacific leatherback turtle in the tropical southeastern Pacific Ocean; coastal habitats of leatherback and hawksbill in the western Pacific (e.g., archipelagic zones of Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands); and foraging habitat of leatherback in a large equatorial area south of Hawaii. Additional research is needed to estimate entanglements of sea turtles with dFADs at sea and to quantify the likely changes in connectivity and distribution of dFADs under new management measures, such as use of alternative nonentangling dFAD designs that biodegrade, or changes in deployment strategies, such as shifting locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Effects of osmotic and hydrostatic pressure (HP) and confinement on nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were investigated. • Confinement and constant HP counteract the swelling of NP cells and help retain sulfated glycosaminoglycan. • Aggrecan core protein gene is significantly upregulated under confinement and constant HP. • NPs' metabolic turnover is regulated by the configuration of actin and fibrillar extracellular matrices under HP. • These findings will assist understanding stress loading in the NP and replicate the native environment ex vivo for therapy. Spinal movement in both upright and recumbent positions generates changes in physicochemical stresses including hydrostatic pressure (HP), deviatoric stress, and confinement within the intradiscal compartment. The nucleus pulposus (NP) of the intervertebral disc is composed of highly negatively charged extracellular matrix (ECM), which increases osmotic pressure (OP) and generates tissue swelling. In pursuing regenerative therapies for intervertebral disc degeneration, the effects of HP on the cellular responses of NP cells and the ECM environment remain incompletely understood. We hypothesized that anabolic turnover of ECM in NP tissue is maintained under HP and confinement. We first clarified the effects of the relationships among HP, OP, and confinement on swelling NP explants isolated from bovine caudal intervertebral discs over 12 h. We found that the application of confinement and constant HP significantly inhibits the free swelling of NP (p < 0.01) and helps retain the sulfated glycosaminoglycan. Since confinement and HP inhibited swelling, we incubated confined NPs under HP in high-osmolality medium mimicking ECM-associated OP for 7 days and demonstrated the effects of HP on metabolic turnover of ECM molecules in NP cells. The aggrecan core protein gene was significantly upregulated under confinement and constant HP compared to confinement and no HP (p < 0.01). We also found that confinement and constant HP helped to significantly retain smaller cell area (p < 0.01) and significantly prevent the severing of actin filaments compared to no confinement and HP (p < 0.01). Thus, we suggest that NP's metabolic turnover and cellular responses are regulated by the configuration of intracellular actin and fibrillar ECMs under HP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate theoretically an optomechanical system composed of an optical mode and a mechanical mode interacting through first-order coupling and second-order coupling in the presence of a Kerr nonlinear medium. We study how the nonlinearities (second-order optomechanical coupling and Kerr nonlinearity) alter the optical output spectrum, optical quadrature squeezing and optomechanical entanglement. It is shown that the intensity of the output optical spectrum decreases drastically with an increase in second-order optomechanical coupling while it increases significantly with an increase in Kerr nonlinear parameter. More interestingly, by choosing suitable second-order optomechanical coupling and detuning of the optical cavity field, one can achieve strong squeezing of the cavity light field. Further, these nonlinearities play an important role in creating robust optomechanical entanglement between optical and mechanical modes. Hence, the presence of various nonlinearities in the system can be a good platform for achieving the squeezing of light and robust optomechanical entanglement which can be used in realizing better quantum optomechanical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Movement scientists have proposed to ground the relation between prosody and gesture in 'vocal-entangled gestures', defined as biomechanical linkages between upper limb movement and the respiratory–vocal system. Focusing on spoken language negation, this article identifies an acoustic profile with which gesture is plausibly entangled, specifically linking the articulatory behaviour of onset consonant lengthening with forelimb gesture preparation and facial deformation. This phenomenon was discovered in a video corpus of accented negative utterances from English-language televised dialogues. Eight target examples were selected and examined using visualization software to analyse the correspondence of gesture phase structures (preparation, stroke, holds) with the negation word's acoustic signal (duration, pitch and intensity). The results show that as syllable–onset consonant lengthens (voiced alveolar /n/ = 300 ms on average) with pitch and intensity increasing (e.g. 'NNNNNNEVER'), the speaker's humerus is rotating with palm pronating/adducing while his or her face is distorting. Different facial distortions, furthermore, were found to be entangled with different post-onset phonetic profiles (e.g. vowel rounding). These findings illustrate whole-bodily dynamics and multiscalarity as key theoretical proposals within ecological and enactive approaches to language. Bringing multimodal and entangled treatments of utterances into conversation has important implications for gesture studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resources are central to value creation processes. Hence, marketing and service research rely heavily on conceptualisations of resources and resource integration for theory building efforts. One of the most widely accepted marketing lenses on resources and resource integration is the service-dominant (S-D) logic. Depicting resources as becoming and contextual, S-D logic argues that their usefulness co-depends on other resources. Some assumptions of S-D logic have been challenged particularly its dichotomous categorisation of operand and operant resources. To inform ongoing S-D logic theorising, our article problematises the multiple and contradictory ontological views upon resources and resource integration present within S-D logic. Moving beyond critique, we propose concrete means for reconciling these contradictions. Seeing a parallel between S-D logic's ontological inconsistencies and past ontological disagreements in the philosophy of science, we draw on the philosophical perspective of Karen Barad to develop a consistent onto-epistemological foundation for conceptualising the becoming nature of resources in S-D logic. The theory adaptation we perform enhances the applicability and explanatory capacity of S-D logic, while also offering a more robust and rigorous foundation for marketing and service research at large and giving managers new means to make sense of co-dependent resource phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum identity authentication is one of the important branches of quantum cryptography. By means of the advantages of measurement-device-independent technique, in this paper, we propose a new two-party quantum identity authentication protocol, which is further extended to the multiparty quantum identity authentication protocol. It naturally removes the side-channel attacks caused by the detector loophole. Compared with the multi-party simultaneous quantum authentication protocols based on GHZ states, the proposed protocol may be more suitable for long-distance and large-scale multi-party authentication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I theoretically construct a kind of new angular momentum coherent states by virtue of the nonlinear Bose SU(2) generators, and investigate their nonclassicality by analyzing the sub-Poissonian distributions, photon number distributions, entanglement entropy and Wigner phase-space distributions. The results show that the new states always have the sub-Poissonian distributions for all of the photon number sum n a + n b = q of two modes, the photon number distributions are subjected to the parameter q, and the entanglement always increases quickly and then decreases slowly with increasing ς , and the new states for odd q possess more stronger nonclassicality than for even q. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the dissipative dynamics of interferometric power as a discord-like measure in Markovian environments such as dephasing, depolarizing, and generalized amplitude damping. Moreover, we compare the dynamics of interferometric power and entanglement by choosing the proper initial conditions. Our study shows that interferometric power decays asymptotically in all cases where the sudden death of entanglement appears. Therefore, quantum metrology based on interferometric power is more robust than entanglement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present manuscript, we introduce a quantum system of two superconducting qubits (S–Qs) interacting with a quantized field under the influence of the Kerr nonlinear medium and Ising interaction. We formulate the Hamiltonian of the quantum model and determine the density operator of whole quantum system as well as quantum subsystems. We examine the dynamics of the quantumness measures for subsequent times including the S–Qs entanglement, S–Qs-field entanglement and quantum Fisher information in relation to the system parameters. Finally, we display the connection among the measures of quantumness during the time evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexagonal boron nitride exhibits two types of defects with great potential for quantum information technologies: single-photon emitters (SPEs) and one-dimensional grain boundaries hosting topologically-protected phonons, termed as topologically-protected phonon lines (TPL). Here, by means of a simple effective model and density functional theory calculations, we show that it is possible to use these phonons for the transmission of information. Particularly, a single SPE can be used to induce single-, two- and qubit-phonon states in the one-dimensional channel, and (ii) two distant SPEs can be coupled by the TPL that acts as a waveguide, thus exhibiting strong quantum correlations. We highlight the possibilities offered by this material-built-in nano-architecture as a phononic device for quantum information technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a hybrid quantum-correlated tripartite system scheme involving an optical cavity with Kerr medium, a microwave cavity interacting via a mechanical resonator. Using a quantum Langevin equation (QLE) approach, we study the system’s steady state and stationary quantum fluctuations. The system features Kerr nonlinearity, second-order optomechanical coupling, and electro-optomechanical coupling. We examine how these nonlinearities impact normal mode splitting, entanglement, and the squeezing spectrum within the experimentally accessible parameter regime. Our results show that normal mode splitting occurs only when all nonlinearities in the system are present. We also found that these various nonlinearities influence entanglement between subsystems. Additionally, we discovered that only two specific nonlinearities-Kerr nonlinearity and second-order optomechanical coupling-affect the output field intensity and the squeezing spectrum of the light. The proposed scheme offers insight into the tripartite coherent interaction among the optical, mechanical and microwave modes, which helps to develop a quantum information processing unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilizes molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the complex dynamics of entangled semi-flexible polymer melts. The investigation reveals a significant stress overshoot phenomenon in the systems, demonstrating the intricate interplay between shear rates, chain orientation, and chain stretching dynamics. Additionally, the identification of metastable states, characterized by a dual-plateau phenomenon in the shear stress-strain curve at specific Rouse-Weissenberg number WiR, showcases the system's responsiveness to external perturbations and its transition to stable shear banding states. Moreover, the analysis of flow field deviations uncovers a progression of shear bands with increasing WiR, displaying distinct behaviors in the system's dynamics under different shear rates and chain lengths. These findings challenge established theoretical frameworks and advocate for refined modelling approaches in polymer rheology research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article was to design and develop new thermodynamically stable starch-based compounds, with scalable properties, that are melt-processable into finished products by classic or 3D printing methods. This is based on phenomena of de-structuring, entanglement compatibilization, and re-structuring of starch, along with the modification of the polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), by following an experimental sequence involving pre-treatment and melt compounding in two stages. The new compounds selection was made considering the dependence of viscoelastic properties on formulation and flowing conditions in both the melted and solid states. Starting from starch with 125 °C glass transition and PVA with a Tg at 85 °C, and following the mentioned experimental sequence, new starch-PVA compounds with a high macromolecular miscibility and proven thermodynamic stability for at least 10 years, with glass transitions ranging from −10 °C to 50 °C, optimal processability through both classical melt procedures (extrusion, injection) and 3D printing, as well as good scalability properties, were achieved. The results are connected to the approaches considering the relationship between miscibility and the lifetime of compounds with renewable-based polymer content. By deepening the understanding of the thermodynamic stability features characterizing these compounds, it can be possible to open the way for starch usage in medium-life compositions, not only for short-life applications, as until now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This narrative case study examines the multilingual practice and identity of Haben, a refugee-background Somali-Bantu in a larger one-year (2019-2020) ethnography with refugee arrivals in coping with new linguistic and cultural environment in a northeastern U.S. city. Framed by the entangled transnational-translocal approach to multilinguals, languages, and identities, this study finds Haben's African languages and English were acquired and used as resources for survival and thrival and weaponized against bullying and discrimination in his early and later life in diaspora. Haben's multilingual identity was (re)produced by the sociocultural and linguistic flows across national boundaries and his responses to local needs. This study indicates multilingual identity as a discursive spatio-temporal entanglement that blurs the boundaries between transnational-translocal, past-present, human-nonhuman. This study challenges deficit discourse that perceives immigrant multilingualism as a deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum game theory merges principles from quantum mechanics with game theory, exploring how quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement can influence strategic decision making. It offers a novel approach to analyzing and optimizing complex systems where traditional game theory may fall short. Congestion of passengers, if considered as a network, may fall into the categories of optimization cases of quantum games. This paper explores the application of quantum potential games to minimize congestion in common areas at airports. The players/passengers of the airport have identical interests and they share the same utility function. A metric is introduced that considers a passenger's visit to a common area by setting their preferences, in order to avoid congestion. Passengers can decide whether to visit a specific common area or choose an alternative. This study demonstrates that the proposed game is a quantum potential game for tackling congestion, with identical interests, ensuring the existence of a Nash equilibrium. We consider passengers to be players that want to ensure their interests. Quantum entanglement is utilized to validate the concept, and the results highlight the effectiveness of this approach. The objective is to ensure that not all passengers select the same common place of the airport to reduce getting crowded; hence, the airborne disease infection probability increases due to overcrowding. Our findings provide a promising framework for optimizing passenger flow and reducing congestion in airport common areas through quantum game theory. We showed that the proposed system is stable by encapsulating the Lyapunov stability. We compared it to a simulated annealing approach to show the efficacy of the quantum game approach. We acknowledge that this framework can be utilized in other disciplines as well. For our future work, we will research different strategies than binary ones to investigate the efficacy of the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In quantum cosmology, it is expected that the Big Bang singularity is resolved and the universe undergoes a bounce. We find that for Gaussian initial states, matter-gravity entanglement entropy rises rapidly during the bounce, declines, and then approaches a steady-state value following the bounce. These observations suggest that matter-gravity entanglement is a feature of the macroscopic universe and that there is no Second Law of entanglement entropy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum information theory provides a powerful toolbox of descriptors that characterize many‐electron systems based on quantum information patterns between open quantum systems. Despite the wealth of insights gained in the condensed matter community, the use of these descriptors to study interactions between atoms in a molecule remains limited. In this study, we develop a quantum information framework for molecules that characterizes the quantum information patterns between quantum atoms as defined in the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules. We show that quantum information analyses capture key properties of quantum atoms and how they interact with their molecular environment. Additionally, we show that the presence of bond critical points can remain invariant despite large changes in the quantum information patterns between the quantum atoms. Our findings indicate that quantum information theory can shed a new light on molecular electronic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If entanglement builds spacetime, then conversely, disentanglement ought to destroy spacetime. From the quantum null energy condition and quantum focusing conjecture, we obtain disentanglement criteria which necessitate infinite energies and strong spacetime singularities. We apply our results to the strong cosmic censorship proposal, where singularities at the Cauchy horizons in black holes are desirable. Using our disentanglement criteria and without resorting to any detailed calculations, we provide an exceedingly general and physically transparent discussion of strong cosmic censorship in semiclassical black holes. We argue that strong cosmic censorship is enforced in asymptotically flat and de Sitter black holes by disentanglement and describe how similar disentanglement might be avoided in some anti-de Sitter cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by recent discussions of entanglement in the context of high energy scattering, we consider the relation between the entanglement entropy of a highly excited state of a quantum system and the classical entanglement entropy of the corresponding classical system. We show on the example of two weakly coupled harmonic oscillators that the two entropies are equal. Quantum mechanically, the reduced density matrix which yields this entropy is close to the maximally entangled state. We thus observe that the nature of entanglement in this type of state is purely classical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum phenomena, including entanglement, superposition, tunneling, and spin-orbit interactions, among others, are foundational to the development of recent innovations in quantum computing, teleportation, encryption, sensing, and new modalities of electronics, such as spintronics, spinorbitronics, caloritronics, magnonics, twistronics, and valleytronics. These emerging technologies provide disruptive influences to global commercial markets. These remarkable advances in quantum technologies are nearly always enabled by the discovery of materials and their quantum behaviors. Such advances are governed by quantum principles that are strongly influenced by environmental, physical, topological, and morphological conditions such as very small length scales, short time durations, ultrahigh pressures, ultralow temperatures, etc., which lead to quantum behaviors that manifest as quantum tunneling, entanglement, superpositioning, superfluidity, low-dimensional, high-temperature and high-pressure superconductivity, quantum fluctuations, Bose-Einstein condensates, topological effects, and other phenomena that are not yet fully understood nor adequately explored. Here, we provide a review of quantum materials developed up to 2023. Remarkable advances in quantum materials occur daily, and therefore, by the time of publication, new and exciting breakthroughs will have occurred that are regrettably not covered herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reactions of the angular ligand 4,4′-oxybis(N-(pyridin-3-yl)benzamide) (L1) and 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (1,4-H2NDC) with divalent metal salts yielded three distinct coordination polymers (CPs): {[Zn2(L1)(1,4-NDC)2]·MeOH}n, 1, {[Cu(L1)(1,4-NDC)(H2O)]·3H2O}n, 2, and {[Cd(L1)(1,4-NDC)]·2H2O}n, 3. Complex 1 features a 2-fold interpenetrated 3D framework with the (412·63)-pcu topology, while complex 2 reveals a 1D triple-strained helical chain and complex 3 displays a 3-fold interpenetrated 3D framework with (66)-dia topology. Additionally, the reactions of the flexible ligand N,N′-bis(3-methylpyridyl) adipoamide (L2) afforded {[Co4(L2)0.5(1,4-NDC)3(H2O)3(µ3-OH)2]·EtOH·2H2O}n, 4, {[Zn2(L2)(1,4-NDC)2]·2CH3OH}n, 5, and [Cd(L2)(adipic)(H2O)]n (H2adipic = adipic acid), 6, exhibiting a self-catenated 3D framework with the (420·68)-8T32 topology, a 2D layer with the (413·62) − (4,4)IIb topology, and a 2D layer with the (44·62)-sql topology, respectively. The structural diversity observed in complexes 1–6 highlights the pivotal influence of the metal center on the degree of entanglement in CPs within mixed-ligand systems. The thermal stability and luminescent properties of complexes 1–3, 4, and 6 are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pedagogical introduction to Bell's inequality in Quantum Mechanics is presented. Several examples, ranging from spin 1 / 2 to coherent and squeezed states are worked out. The generalization to Mermin's inequalities and to GHZ states is also outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantum Rabi model (QRM) is used to describe the light-matter interaction at the quantum level in Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics (Cavity QED). It consists of a two-level system (atom or qubit) coupled to a single-mode quantum field. Introducing an atom into a cavity alters the electromagnetic mode configuration within it. In the realm of Cavity QED, a notable consequence of this alteration is the emergence of a gauge-dependent diamagnetic term referred to as the A 2 contribution. In this study, we comparatively analyze the behaviors of the QRM and the influence of the A 2 term in the light-matter quantum Hamiltonian by examining the energy spectrum properties in the strong-coupling regime. We then investigate the ground state of the system, measuring its nonclassical properties via the Wigner distribution function for different photon number distributions in Fock space. Finally, we calculate the quantum entanglement in the ground state using the Von Neumann entropy. Our findings reveal that the A 2 term and the number of cavity Fock states, N, significantly impact the amount of the quantum entanglement, highlighting their pivotal role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide an analytic method for estimating the entanglement of the non-Gaussian energy eigenstates of disordered harmonic oscillator systems. We invoke the explicit formulas of the eigenstates of the oscillator systems to establish bounds for their ϵ -Rényi entanglement entropy ϵ ∈ (0 , 1) . Our methods result in a logarithmically corrected area law for the entanglement of eigenstates, corresponding to one excitation, of the disordered harmonic oscillator systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to information can destroy nations and change the course of history altogether. Communication is very important, and in today's internet age, nothing moves without real-time information support. For securing communication, a commonly know technique is to use cryptography and public channels. Engineers have been working to create a better and more secure cryptographic system. Quantum key distribution stands at the top of this security system. Although QKD, based on principles of physics, provides a near-perfect security solution. It has a few drawbacks of its own, like low key generation rates and vulnerability to cyberattacks. Owning to these limitations, authors propose an adaptive quantum key distribution system based on software-defined networks. The authors propose to introduce redundancy in the key generation, thereby increasing the key generation rate and improving the resilience to cyberattacks. A performance comparison of novel quantum key distribution was done with BB84 and B92 quantum key distribution protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the creation of entanglement between remote electron spins using a magnetic nanoparticle attached to a cantilever tip (CT). We assume that the frequency of the CT vibrations matches the Larmor frequency of the spin (CT–spin resonance). Under the conditions of CT–spin resonance, the CT–spin system is described using the Jaynes–Cummings model. In this work, using the evolution operator of the Jaynes–Cummings model, we show that a movable CT can create an entangled state between remote spins. The most striking result is that the entanglement between the remote spins can be achieved without measuring the vibrational state of the CT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Movement scientists have proposed to ground the relation between prosody and gesture in ‘vocal-entangled gestures’, defined as biomechanical linkages between upper limb movement and the respiratory–vocal system. Focusing on spoken language negation, this article identifies an acoustic profile with which gesture is plausibly entangled, specifically linking the articulatory behaviour of onset consonant lengthening with forelimb gesture preparation and facial deformation. This phenomenon was discovered in a video corpus of accented negative utterances from English-language televised dialogues. Eight target examples were selected and examined using visualization software to analyse the correspondence of gesture phase structures (preparation, stroke, holds) with the negation word’s acoustic signal (duration, pitch and intensity). The results show that as syllable–onset consonant lengthens (voiced alveolar /n/ = 300 ms on average) with pitch and intensity increasing (e.g. ‘NNNNNNEVER’), the speaker’s humerus is rotating with palm pronating/adducing while his or her face is distorting. Different facial distortions, furthermore, were found to be entangled with different post-onset phonetic profiles (e.g. vowel rounding). These findings illustrate whole-bodily dynamics and multiscalarity as key theoretical proposals within ecological and enactive approaches to language. Bringing multimodal and entangled treatments of utterances into conversation has important implications for gesture studies.

Abstract Background Diagnosis of umbilical cord entanglement (UCE) by ultrasound (US) in monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) twins in the second and third trimesters is common. However, only a few cases have been reported on the diagnosis of UCE as early as the first trimester. Herein, we report a case of the earliest-ever sonographic diagnosis of UCE and demonstrate the feasibility of its diagnosis by US. Case presentation A 32-year-old gravida 2 para 1 woman conceived after assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. In transvaginal US examination at 8.5 gestational weeks, two embryos with regular heartbeats in the same amniotic sac and with only one yolk sac were demonstrated. The fetal crown-rump lengths were 20 and 21 mm, appropriate for 8.4 and 8.5 gestational weeks, respectively. HD-flow power Doppler 2D and 3D US demonstrated two tightly entangled umbilical cords of the two fetuses. Spectral Doppler US showed two different heart rates (162 and 167 beats per minute) and blood flow in opposite directions from the point of entanglement of the two umbilical cords. This was consistent with a diagnosis of a first-trimester MCMA pregnancy with UCE. Missed abortion of the two embryos was diagnosed by US examination at 10.5 weeks, and the pregnancy was terminated by dilatation and curettage without further complications. Conclusions UCE in the first trimester may occur as early as eight gestational weeks, and its diagnosis by ultrasound is feasible. UCE diagnosed in the first trimester may be a poor prognostic factor.

Abstract In the present manuscript, we introduce a quantum system of two superconducting qubits (S–Qs) interacting with a quantized field under the influence of the Kerr nonlinear medium and Ising interaction. We formulate the Hamiltonian of the quantum model and determine the density operator of whole quantum system as well as quantum subsystems. We examine the dynamics of the quantumness measures for subsequent times including the S–Qs entanglement, S–Qs-field entanglement and quantum Fisher information in relation to the system parameters. Finally, we display the connection among the measures of quantumness during the time evolution.

We report an unusual difficulty in unscrewing and releasing the atrial septal defect device during device closure because of the entrapment of the delivery cable in the prominent Chiari network. We suggest careful pre- and intra-procedure transesophageal guidance in recognizing and managing this rare challenge.

Access to information can destroy nations and change the course of history altogether. Communication is very important, and in today's internet age, nothing moves without real-time information support. For securing communication, a commonly know technique is to use cryptography and public channels. Engineers have been working to create a better and more secure cryptographic system. Quantum key distribution stands at the top of this security system. Although QKD, based on principles of physics, provides a near-perfect security solution. It has a few drawbacks of its own, like low key generation rates and vulnerability to cyberattacks. Owning to these limitations, authors propose an adaptive quantum key distribution system based on software-defined networks. The authors propose to introduce redundancy in the key generation, thereby increasing the key generation rate and improving the resilience to cyberattacks. A performance comparison of novel quantum key distribution was done with BB84 and B92 quantum key distribution protocols.

The reactions of the angular ligand 4,4′-oxybis(N-(pyridin-3-yl)benzamide) (L1) and 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (1,4-H2NDC) with divalent metal salts yielded three distinct coordination polymers (CPs): {[Zn2(L1)(1,4-NDC)2]·MeOH}n, 1, {[Cu(L1)(1,4-NDC)(H2O)]·3H2O}n, 2, and {[Cd(L1)(1,4-NDC)]·2H2O}n, 3. Complex 1 features a 2-fold interpenetrated 3D framework with the (412·63)-pcu topology, while complex 2 reveals a 1D triple-strained helical chain and complex 3 displays a 3-fold interpenetrated 3D framework with (66)-dia topology. Additionally, the reactions of the flexible ligand N,N′-bis(3-methylpyridyl) adipoamide (L2) afforded {[Co4(L2)0.5(1,4-NDC)3(H2O)3(µ3-OH)2]·EtOH·2H2O}n, 4, {[Zn2(L2)(1,4-NDC)2]·2CH3OH}n, 5, and [Cd(L2)(adipic)(H2O)]n (H2adipic = adipic acid), 6, exhibiting a self-catenated 3D framework with the (420·68)-8T32 topology, a 2D layer with the (413·62) − (4,4)IIb topology, and a 2D layer with the (44·62)-sql topology, respectively. The structural diversity observed in complexes 1–6 highlights the pivotal influence of the metal center on the degree of entanglement in CPs within mixed-ligand systems. The thermal stability and luminescent properties of complexes 1–3, 4, and 6 are also discussed.

AbstractThis research focuses on the analysis of a certain poem titled "Your lost Joseph will return to Canaan, do not grieve". The objective of this study is to explore, present, and analyze the fundamental principles of the codes that strengthen them. Additionally, it aims to examine the connections between signifiers and signifieds and provide explanations for their meanings. Furthermore, it seeks to investigate the factors that trigger the activation of signifiers and highlight the impact of the interplay between signs and multidimensional images in the formation of layered meanings. The research focuses on exploring the significance of symbolic elements in the formation of poetic imagination and the utilization of various chains of meaning, such as symmetry and congruency. The primary aspect of the research examines these elements, extracting and presenting the findings aligned with each of these axes. We have also achieved a cohesive understanding of Ghazal.Keywords: Ghazal, Hafez, Semiotics, Central Core of Codes, Signifier and Signified, Meaning, Entanglement, Stimulation.1.IntroductionThe branch of semiotics known as the semiotics of literary texts focuses on the analysis of literary works, which encompass poetry and fiction. (Farhangi Yusefpour, 1387: 144)This article aims to explore the methods of uncovering and accessing the deeper levels of meaning in Hafez's words. It does so by employing advanced semiotic theories, examining the semantic structure, identifying the inner core of the code, and reinforcing codes. The objective is to attain a comprehensive and logical understanding of the sonnet chosen, as well as to analyze the connection between the signifier and the signified.2.Literature ReviewThe works examined and associated with this article can be categorized into the following two groups:1. Articles that have an indirect connection to research:Michael Rifater's theory analyzes the poem "O Marz Par Gohar" by Forough Farrokhzad. The authors of the article are Behzad Barkat and Tayyaba Eftekhari. The Journal of Language and Comparative Literature Research published the article in 2018. It comes from Year 1 and is Number 4.Sahila Farhani and Mohammad Kazem Yusufpour wrote the article "Semiotics of Qaiser Aminpour's poem 'Alphabet of Pain'" in 2009. It was published in the Persian Language and Literature Survey, Volume 11, Number 21, pages 143–166.Alireza Nabi Lo wrote the article "The application of Rifater's theory in the analysis of Nima's Phoenix poem" in 2013. It was published in the Quarterly Journal of Linguistic Research in Foreign Languages, Volume 1, Number 2, on pages 81–94.The article titled "Semiotic Analysis of Sohrab Sepehari's Poem of Traveler" was written by Farhad Tahmasabi and Mahosh Khajovi in 2013. The Journal of Linguistic Research in Foreign Languages, Volume 2, Number 2, published it, spanning pages 215-242."Analysis of Mourning Rituals in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh as Symbolic Representations," authored by Tahira Khajegiri and Hossein Heydari in 2016, is published in the Text Pzohuhi Adabi Journal, Volume 21, Issue 72, pages 117–141.2: The research studies that are directly relevant to this subject and are conducted on the text of Hafez's sonnets."Semiotic Analysis of Mir Ashaghan: The Vertical Relationships of Hafez's Ghazal" is a scholarly article written by Mohammad Reza Akrami in 2018. It was published in the Bostan Adeb Poetry Research Journal, Social and Human Sciences, specifically in Volume 1, Number 1, pages 1–13."An analysis of the correlation between linguistic symbols in the poetic function and the use of parallelism in Hafez's sonnets," by Farida Davoudi Moghadam, 2019, was presented at the inaugural national conference on Persian literature and interdisciplinary study in Birjand.Nasrin Aini wrote the article "Investigation of the semiotic elements of hope in Hafez's sonnets based on positive psychology" in 2015. The Persian Language and Literature Quarterly in Sanandaj published it. The article can be found in Volume 8, Nos. 26 and 27, on pages 279–310.Ahmad Faghe, Masoud Rouhani, and Seyed Ali Asghar Soltani authored the research paper "Discourse Semiotics of Persistence Literature in Hafez's Ghazals" in 2018. They published it in the scientific quarterly journals of religion and communication at Imam Sadiq University. The article can be found in volume 26, number 2, and number 56 of the journals.The text examines the rhetorical and linguistic significance of the two linguistic signals "Mohtasab" and "Dunya" in a sonnet by Hafez, using the semiotic approach of Umberto Eco as discussed by Yahya Nuraldini Aghom in the 2019 Journal of Language and Rhetorical Studies, Volume 11, Number 21, pages 415–444.3.Research Methodology This article utilizes the in-text analysis method to enable the reader to find appropriate answers to the research questions by exploring the role and function of ciphers in establishing a continuous connection between verses.1. What is the focal point or the central nucleus of codes in this sonnet?2: What are the codes that enhance the fundamental theme of Ramezgan in this sonnet?This sonnet questions the relationship between the signifier, the signified, and the signifiers.What is the purpose, significance, and frequency of the use of symbolic motifs in this sonnet's aesthetics?The entanglement of signs in this sonnet has the effect of augmenting the layers and engendering novel levels of meaning.What aspects contribute to the excitement created by the symbols used in this sonnet?4.ConclusionThis research examines Saussure's concept of stimulation, which suggests that as the signifiers of a language become more limited, they also impose greater semantic limitations.The analysis of the symbols in the sonnet text reveals two strategies for evoking the signifier and binding the signified and signifier: 1. Assuming the indicated position in the descriptive composition. (accepting the preceding or final adjective)2. Occupying the supplementary position inside the supplementary arrangement. (supplementary entrance)3. Occupying an analogous posture in another comparison.4. Occupying the role of a pseudo-object in a metaphorical equation.5. Positioned at the center of social connection and taking advantage of the advantages of being close to others.One of the reasons for the emergence of a sign is the presence of explicit meanings in the verse, either before or after the intended meaning.The interlacing of slabsHafez uses the interweaving of signifiers in his sonnets as a technique to generate a multi-faceted meaning in his words, which is a key element in conveying explicit meanings at the semantic level of his sonnets.The primary characteristic of aesthetic componentsRamezgan's exquisite elements in this sonnet are primarily focused on carefully examining the research on Hafez's sonnets suggests that the use of multiple chains of meaning, like resemblance and proportionality, significantly contributes to the construction of three-dimensional or multi-dimensional images along the longitudinal axis of each sonnet.

We review the formalism of center-of-mass tomograms, which allows us to describe quantum states in terms of probability distribution functions. We introduce the concept of separable and entangled probability distributions for center-of-mass tomography. We obtain the time evolution of center-of-mass tomograms of entangled states of the inverted oscillator.

Under the quaternion group, Q8, spin helicity emerges as a crucial element of the reality of spin and is complementary to its polarization. We show that the correlation in EPR coincidence experiments is conserved upon separation from a singlet state and distributed between its polarization and coherence. Including helicity accounts for the violation of Bell’s Inequalities without non-locality, and disproves Bell’s Theorem by a counterexample.

The impact of nonlinear coupling on entanglement and teleportation in a two-qubit spin system featuring Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction was investigated while considering both homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic fields. Additionally, the dependencies of entanglement and teleportation on temperature and magnetic field for this specific interaction were analyzed. The findings demonstrate that the nonlinear coupling and DM interaction play significant roles in enhancing entanglement and teleportation. Furthermore, the results show that nonlinear coupling can positively affect the negativity and accuracy of teleportation, which are critical factors in quantum information processing. This suggests that nonlinear coupling could be valuable in developing quantum technologies.

This paper analyses the role and meaning of grinding artefacts in Handoga (Djibouti), a medieval town that flourished between the 13th and 16th centuries in a territory previously occupied by nomadic communities. The technical-morphological and morphological-functional studies conducted on the sample suggest that the management of tools related to agriculture followed an approach characterized by minimal care through the different stages of the objects’ lives. This situation, contradictory to what could be expected in a town that had been sedentary for centuries, has been used to reflect on the interrelations between these objects and their users, following Hodder’s concept of entanglement. The analyses conducted on Handoga’s tools point that contrary to what could be expected, some processes such as sedentarization, which are usually conceived as univocal or inevitable can be negotiated or even rejected, and the material-human interactions built around them can also be untangled, if desired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the dimensionality of bipartite quantum systems by construction of a device-independent null witness test. This test assesses whether a given bipartite state conforms with the expected quantum dimension, Schmidt number, and distinguishes between real and complex spaces. By employing local measurements on each party, the proposed method aims to determine the minimal rank. By performing an experimental demonstration on IBM Quantum devices, we prove the exceptional accuracy of the test and its usefulness in diagnostics beyond routine calibrations. One of the tests shows agreement with theoretical expectations within statistical errors. However, the second test failed by more than 6 standard deviations, indicating unspecified parasitic entanglements, with no known simple origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a new and algebraically simple algorithm that prepares any pure three-qubit state using only local gates and at most three controlled-Z gates. In 2008, Znidaric et al. already showed that three is the optimal number of controlled-Z gates required for the preparation of three-qubit states if in addition to those gates only local gates are used. If we restrict the local gates to Ry(휃) gates, our algorithm provides a way to prepare any pure three-qubit state |ϕ〉 with real amplitudes using at most four controlled-Z gates when its hyperdeterminant is negative and three or fewer controlled-Z gates otherwise. We conjecture the existence of three-qubit states with real amplitudes that cannot be prepared using only Ry(휃) gates and less than four controlled-Z gates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first experimental observation of entangled visible light was achieved by optically exciting free atoms of calcium and detecting pairs of photons emitted in a two-stage cascade. The polarizations of the entangled photons were observed to be correlated, in agreement with quantum theory. This review describes the rationale, methodology, challenges, and results, including experimental details not previously published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geometrical methods in quantum information are very promising for both providing technical tools and intuition into difficult control or optimization problems. Moreover, they are of fundamental importance in connecting pure geometrical theories, like GR, to quantum mechanics, like in the AdS/CFT correspondence. In this paper, we first make a survey of the most important settings in which geometrical methods have proven useful to quantum information theory. Then we lay down a geometric theory of entanglement by a principle of action, discussing a simple example with two qubits and consequences for a quantum theory of space-time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

News organizations and journalists are important and influential actors in environmental politics. Their reporting on social and environmental issues often follows issue-attention cycles (IACs) that emphasize drama and problematization to maintain public interest. This study examined nearly 13 years of news coverage to understand the media discourse about the Critically Endangered North Atlantic right whale (NARW) and its conservation. Content analysis and critical discourse analysis were used to analyze 356 texts published in six large US newspapers between January 1, 2010 and March 15, 2023. NARW conservation and management received increased public attention and an IAC began in 2017 after an Unusual Mortality Event began, with 75 percent of the sampled articles (n = 267) published from 2017 on. The Boston Globe published a majority of the sampled texts (n = 209) and Globe reporter David Abel was the most prolific journalist with 50 bylines. The coverage featured six themes representing threats to the species, science and technological development, and tourism, local lifestyle, and culture. The most common topic was that of American lobster fishing gear and whale entanglements (n = 162, 45.5%). In that discourse journalists emphasized the political ecology of NARW conservation, focusing on disagreements between whale experts and advocates and commercial lobster fishermen and their allies as they sought to influence decision making by the National Marine Fisheries Service. Journalists presented the issue through a conflict frame and each group used distinct discursive strategies in an attempt to shape the discourse and public opinion related to new or stricter regulations for the commercial lobster fishery designed to reduce the risk of entanglement for NARWs. Findings suggest that this IAC related to NARW science and conservation has already moved through at least three of five key stages and will inevitably lose public interest, which has important implications for future communication and advocacy related to NARW conservation. This case study demonstrates the continued importance of media to conservation - as public forums for discussion, essential parts of organizational strategies for change, and as an externality that can influence conservation outcomes. Support for communication research and practice are vital to successful conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiquanta correlation between n$n$ quanta of a completely different nature is an important resource for hybrid quantum information processing since it allows quantum states of matters to be manipulated by other degrees of freedom. Here, a method is proposed to realize the hybrid bundle emission of strongly correlated single photons and magnons. The optically driven multiquanta resonance leads to the super‐Rabi oscillation between the vacuum state and photon‐magnon state, which, combined with system dissipations, generates photon‐magnon bundle emission. Interestingly, accompanied by this bundle emission, the photon‐magnon entanglement and fully inseparable photon‐magnon‐qubit tripartite entanglement are achieved. This allows the proposed hybrid system to serve as a quantum emitter of entangled photon‐magnon bundle, which is useful for building hybrid quantum network and the engineering of new types of quantum devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the entanglement dynamics of a two qutrits system interacting with a spin environment. Using negativity as the entanglement measure, we study the entanglement dynamics of the system. The calculations show that in cases where the entanglement decays quickly, the environment will have a quantum phase transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]