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RESUMEN Objetivos. Evaluar la variación de los perfiles hematológicos antes, durante y después del tratamiento de pacientes infectados con malaria no complicada por Plasmodium vivax (Pv) y P. falciparum (Pf) en una población de la región Loreto. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó entre 2010 y 2012, en Zungarococha (Iquitos). Los 425 participantes tuvieron tres visitas (visita 1-día 0-antes del tratamiento, visita 2-día 7-durante tratamiento, visita 3-día 28-después del tratamiento), hemograma completo, diagnóstico microscópico y molecular (PCR). Resultados. En la primera visita, se encontraron 93 (21,9%) positivos a Pv y 34 (8,0%) a Pf. Todos los positivos mostraron una reducción en los indicadores hematológicos de hematocrito, recuento de glóbulos blancos (RGB), neutrófilos abastonados y segmentados, eosinófilos y plaquetas (p

Background: In South and Central America, Plasmodium malariae/Plasmodium brasilianum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium simium, and Plasmodium falciparum has been reported in New World primates (NWP). Specifically in Costa Rica, the presence of monkeys positive to P. malariae/P brasilianum has been identified in both captivity and in the wild. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of P. brasilianum, P. falciparum, and P. vivax, and the potential distribution of these parasites-infecting NWP from Costa Rica. Methods: The locations with PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) positive results and bioclimatic predictors were used to construct ecological niche models based on a modelling environment that uses the Maxent algorithm, named kuenm, capable to manage diverse settings to better estimate the potential distributions and uncertainty indices of the potential distribution. Results: PCR analysis for the Plasmodium presence was conducted in 384 samples of four primates (Howler monkey [n = 130], White-face monkey [n = 132], Squirrel monkey [n = 50], and red spider monkey [n = 72]), from across Costa Rica. Three Plasmodium species were detected in all primate species (P. falciparum, P. malariae/P. brasilianum, and P. vivax). Overall, the infection prevalence was 8.9%, but each Plasmodium species ranged 2.1–3.4%. The niche model approach showed that the Pacific and the Atlantic coastal regions of Costa Rica presented suitable climatic conditions for parasite infections. However, the central pacific coast has a more trustable prediction for malaria in primates. Conclusions: The results indicate that the regions with higher suitability for Plasmodium transmission in NWP coincide with regions where most human cases have been reported. These regions were also previously identified as areas with high suitability for vector species, suggesting that enzootic and epizootic cycles occur. Antecedentes: En América del Sur y Central, se ha reportado la presencia de Plasmodium malariae/Plasmodium brasilianum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium simium y Plasmodium falciparum en primates del Nuevo Mundo (PNM). Concretamente en Costa Rica, se ha identificado la presencia de monos positivos a P. malariae/P brasilianum tanto en cautividad como en libertad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la presencia de P. brasilianum, P. falciparum y P. vivax, y la distribución potencial de estos parásitos que infectan a los PNM de Costa Rica. Métodos: Las localidades con resultados positivos a la PCR (Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa) y los predictores bioclimáticos fueron utilizados para construir modelos de nicho ecológico basados en un entorno de modelización que utiliza el algoritmo Maxent, denominado kuenm, capaz de manejar diversos escenarios para estimar mejor las distribuciones potenciales y los índices de incertidumbre de la distribución potencial. Resultados: Se realizó un análisis de PCR para detectar la presencia de Plasmodium en 384 muestras de cuatro primates (mono aullador [n = 130], mono cara blanca [n = 132], mono ardilla [n = 50] y mono araña rojo [n = 72]), de toda Costa Rica. Se detectaron tres especies de Plasmodium en todas las especies de primates (P. falciparum, P. malariae/P. brasilianum y P. vivax). En general, la prevalencia de la infección fue del 8,9%, pero cada especie de Plasmodium osciló entre el 2,1-3,4%. El enfoque del modelo de nicho mostró que las regiones costeras del Pacífico y del Atlántico de Costa Rica presentaban condiciones climáticas adecuadas para las infecciones del parásito. Sin embargo, la costa del Pacífico central presenta una predicción más fiable para la malaria en primates. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que las regiones con mayor aptitud para la transmisión de Plasmodium en el PNW coinciden con las regiones donde se han reportado más casos en humanos. Estas regiones también fueron identificadas previamente como zonas con alta idoneidad para las especies vectoriales, lo que sugiere que se producen ciclos enzoóticos y epizoóticos. This research was conducted in the framework of the project “Estudios epidemiológicos (Malaria, Dengue, Virus del Oeste del Nilo, Encefalitis Equina Venezolana), genéticos, etológicos, poblacionales y de hábitat en monos de Costa Rica” sponsored by FEES-CONARE, and with participation of UNA-ITCR-UCR-UNED. Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria

This retrospective epidemiological study aims to describe the confirmed cases of this disease in northeastern Brazil in the period 2010-2019. This is an investigative, documentary research with a quantitative descriptive approach, based on secondary data collection, obtained through SINAN. The total number of confirmed cases in Brazil was 7,457, and the Northeast stood out, 19% (1407), however, there was a significant increase in cases in recent years, 2018 of 127.4% and 2019 of 50%, in relation to the previous year of 2017. Regarding the notification of cases, Piauí reported the highest rate in total, with 30.3%. The population aged 20-39 years (56.6%) was more susceptible, moreover, regarding gender, males presented greater vulnerability to the risk of infection. The cases confirmed according to race, brown color was prevalent, 70% (985) in all. As for diversity, P. vivax 67% (943) followed by P. falciparum 25.6% (361), showed prevalence in all regions, however, it was observed that Piauí 77% (276) had the highest number of cases of notification for the combination of these two species in this period. In this perspective, given the number of cases in this region, it is not possible to raise awareness about the preventive use of antimalarials related to emigration in non-endemic regions and more epidemiological research is required, since its notoriety is still low. Este estudio epidemiológico retrospectivo tiene como objetivo describir los casos confirmados de esta enfermedad en la región noreste de Brasil en el período 2010-2019. Fue una investigación investigativa, documental, con enfoque cuantitativo descriptivo, a partir de la recolección de datos secundarios, obtenidos a través del SINAN. El total de casos confirmados en Brasil fue de 7.457, destacándose el Nordeste, 19% (1407), sin embargo, hubo un aumento significativo de casos en los últimos años, 2018 de 127,4% y 2019 de 50%, en comparación con el año anterior de 2017. En cuanto a la notificación de casos, Piauí tuvo la tasa más alta en total, con 30,3%. La población de 20 a 39 años (56,6%) fue más susceptible, además, en cuanto al sexo, el sexo masculino fue más vulnerable al riesgo de infección. Casos confirmados según raza, prevaleció el color pardo, 70% (985) en total. En cuanto a la diversidad, P. vivax 67 % (943) seguido de P. falciparum 25,6 % (361) mostró prevalencia en todas las regiones, sin embargo, se observó que Piauí 77% (276) tuvo el mayor número de casos de notificación para la combinación de estas dos especies en ese período. Desde esta perspectiva, dada la cantidad de casos en esta región, la conciencia sobre el uso preventivo de antipalúdicos relacionados con la emigración en regiones no endémicas es fundamental y se puede invertir más en investigación epidemiológica, ya que su notoriedad aún es baja. Este estudo retrospectivo de caráter epidemiológico tem por objetivo descrever os casos confirmados desta enfermidade na região nordeste do Brasil no período de 2010-2019. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa de cunho investigativo, documental, de abordagem descritiva quantitativa, baseada em coletas de dados secundários, obtidos através do SINAN. O total de casos confirmados no Brasil foi de 7.457, e o Nordeste destacou-se, 19% (1407), no entanto, houve um aumento significativo dos casos nos últimos anos, 2018 de 127,4% e 2019 de 50%, em relação ao ano antecedente de 2017. Referente à notificação de casos, o Piauí denotou o maior índice no total, apresentando 30,3%. A população com idade de 20-39 anos (56,6%) se mostrou mais susceptível, ademais, referente ao gênero, o sexo masculino apresentou maior vulnerabilidade ao risco de infecção. Os casos confirmados de acordo com a raça, a cor parda foi prevalente, 70% (985) ao todo. Quanto à diversidade, o Plasmodium vivax 67 % (943) seguida do P. falciparum 25.6 % (361), apresentou prevalência em todas as regiões, entretanto, observou-se que o Piauí 77% (276) teve o maior número de casos de notificação para a combinação dessas duas espécies nesse período. Nessa perspectiva, diante da quantidade de casos nessa região, é prescindível a conscientização quanto ao uso preventivo de antimaláricos relacionado à emigração nas regiões não endêmicas e pode-se investir em mais pesquisas epidemiológicas, visto que ainda sua notoriedade é baixa.

Cysticercosis is a parasitic tissue infection caused by larval cysts of the tapeworm Taenia solium. These larval cysts infect brain, muscle, or other tissue, and are a major cause of adult-onset seizures in most low-income countries with tropical climate. Prevalence it's around 50 million people. Although cardiovascular system is not the most affected, this disease can also be associated with multiple and randomly distributed cysts in the subpericardium, subendocardium and myocardium in up to 25% of infected patients. Most cardiac cysticercosis' cases are asymptomatic, but it can manifest with ventricular arrhythmias and conduction disorders. Area Covered: The "Neglected Tropical Diseases and other Infectious Diseases affecting the Heart" (NET-Heart project) is an initiative by the Emerging Leaders group of the Interamerican Society of Cardiology to systematically review all these endemic conditions affecting the heart. A systematic review was conducted following preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines and including articles published in MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, PubMed and LILACS databases. A total of 41 papers were included in this review. Expert Opinion: In the areas of greatest prevalence, unhealthiness and poverty favor the development of this disease, which highlights the need to establish global health policies that reduce morbidity and mortality, economic losses of the affected population, and health costs related to hospitalizations for cardiovascular involvement. Authors provide an algorithm to evaluate the possibility of Cysticercosis' cardiovascular complications. Sin financiación 16.464 JCR (2021) Q1, 8/143 Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 2.016 SJR (2021) Q1, 37/356 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine No data IDR 2021 UEM

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la distribución de microorganismos a nivel sanguíneo en gatos y perros ingresados a una clínica veterinaria de la ciudad de Valledupar, Colombia durante el periodo 2016-2018. Se analizaron 957 historias médicas con antecedentes de infecciones hemoparasitarias o bacterianas (847 en perros y 110 en gatos). En perros, se encontró una seroprevalencia de A. platys, Ehrlichia sp, Hepatozoon sp, Babesia sp, Trypanosoma sp y D. immitis de 51.5, 30.9, 22.3, 6.7 y 0.1%, respectivamente. Asimismo, una coinfección en 4.8% en perros. En gatos, M. haemofelis estuvo presente en todos los casos. La diversidad de microorganismos encontrados manifiesta el posible riesgo zoonótico, principalmente por Anaplasma sp, Ehrlichia sp, Hepatozoon sp, Babesia sp y Trypanosoma sp, al que están expuestos los dueños y el personal veterinario en la ciudad de Valledupar. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of microorganisms in blood in cats and dogs admitted to a veterinary clinic in the city of Valledupar, Colombia during the period 2016-2018. In total, 957 medical records with a history of hemoparasitic or bacterial infections were analysed (847 in dogs and 110 in cats). In dogs, the seroprevalence of A. platys, Ehrlichia sp, Hepatozoon sp, Babesia sp, Trypanosoma sp and D. immitis was 51.5, 30.9, 22.3, 6.7 and 0.1%, respectively. Also, the level of 4.8% of coinfection in dogs was found. In cats, M. haemofelis was present in all cases. The diversity of microorganisms found shows the possible zoonotic risk, mainly by Anaplasma sp, Ehrlichia sp, Hepatozoon sp, Babesia sp and Trypanosoma sp, to which the owners and veterinary personnel are exposed in the city of Valledupar.

Acute Diarrheal Disease (ADD) is a global public health problem, with 1.7 billion childhood cases per year. Its occurrence may be related to social, cultural, nutritional and environmental factors, such as low coverage of basic sanitation and the dynamics of waters in a region. In situations of intense rain and flooding, cases of diarrhea tend to increase. Considering the above, the present study aims to compare the occurrence of diarrhea in Cáceres-MT in a time series (2015, 2017 and 2018 - 2016 was excluded due to lack of data) with the pluviometric and fluviometric indices. The occurrences of diarrhea were extracted from the SIVEP-DDA; the data on rainfall were obtained from tables available on the website of the National Institute of Meteorology and the data on the level of the river in spreadsheets fed and made available by the Brazilian Navy / West Nautical Signaling Service. In 2015, 2017 and 2018, 5,686 cases of diarrhea were recorded in Cáceres-MT. The results showed that the increase in occurrences of ADD is significantly related to the increase in the level of the Paraguay River. During the low water months, the occurrences of ADD reduce 28% in relation to the high water period, but without a significant relationship with the reduction in the level of the river. The use of untreated water at this time may be contributing to the increase in ADI, indicating a relationship between water dynamics and diarrhea cases in Cáceres-MT. La Enfermedad Diarreica Aguda (EDA) es un problema de salud pública mundial, con 1.700 millones de casos infantiles por año. Su ocurrencia puede estar relacionada con factores sociales, culturales, nutricionales y ambientales, como la baja cobertura de saneamiento básico y la dinámica de las aguas en una región. En situaciones de lluvia intensa e inundaciones, los casos de diarrea tienden a aumentar. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo comparar la ocurrencia de diarrea en Cáceres-MT en una serie temporal (2015, 2017 y 2018 - 2016 se excluyó por falta de datos) con los índices pluviométricos y fluviométricos. Las ocurrencias de diarrea se extrajeron del SIVEP-DDA; los datos sobre precipitaciones se obtuvieron de tablas disponibles en el sitio web del Instituto Nacional de Meteorología y los datos sobre el nivel del río en hojas de cálculo alimentadas y puestas a disposición por la Armada de Brasil / Servicio de Señalización Náutica del Oeste. En 2015, 2017 y 2018 se registraron 5.686 casos de diarrea en Cáceres-MT. Los resultados mostraron que el aumento de ocurrencias de ADD está significativamente relacionado con el aumento del nivel del río Paraguay. Durante los meses de aguas bajas, las ocurrencias de ADD se reducen en un 28% en relación al período de aguas altas, pero sin una relación significativa con la reducción del nivel del río. El uso de agua no tratada en este momento puede estar contribuyendo al aumento de la IDA, lo que indica una relación entre la dinámica del agua y los casos de diarrea en Cáceres-MT. A Doença Diarreica Aguda (DDA) constitui um problema de saúde pública global, com 1,7 bilhão de casos na infância por ano. Sua ocorrência pode estar relacionada à fatores sociais, culturais, nutricionais e ambientais, tais como baixas coberturas de saneamento básico e a dinâmica das águas de uma região. Em situações de intensas chuvas e inundações os casos de diarreia tendem a aumentar. Considerando o exposto, o presente trabalho visa comparar a ocorrência de diarreia em Cáceres-MT numa série temporal (2015, 2017 e 2018 - 2016 foi excluído por ausência de dados) com os índices pluviométricos e fluviométricos. As ocorrências de diarreia foram extraídas do SIVEP-DDA; os dados sobre pluviosidade foram obtidos em tabelas disponíveis no site do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e os dados sobre o nível do rio em planilhas alimentadas e disponibilizadas pela Marinha do Brasil/Serviço de Sinalização Náutica do Oeste. Nos anos de 2015, 2017 e 2018 foram registrados 5.686 casos de diarreia em Cáceres-MT. Os resultados demonstraram que o aumento das ocorrências de DDA está significativamente relacionado com o aumento do nível do Rio Paraguai. Durante os meses de águas baixas, as ocorrências de DDA reduzem 28% em relação ao período de águas altas, porém sem uma relação significativa com a redução do nível do rio. O uso da água não tratada nesta época pode estar contribuindo para o aumento das DDAs, indicando uma relação entre a dinâmica das águas e os casos de diarreia em Cáceres-MT.

Chagas disease, a parasitic infection caused by the protist Trypanosoma cruzi, affects the poorest populations, living in remote, rural areas and urban slums. Although this drug is effective against Chagas disease it presents a number of serious side effects. In residents of high Andean areas with megacolon it can lead to cardiomyopathies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with L-glutamine may alleviate some of these symptoms because of its previously observed anti-inflammatory properties. We studied two groups of T. cruzi-infected mice receiving treatment with nifurtimox. One group was fed the standard diet, while the other group’s diet was supplemented with Glutamine. We found that Glutamine supplementation increases body weight (p

Dengue is a neglected viral arthropod-borne tropical disease transmitted by the bite of infected Aedes spp. mosquitoes. It is responsible for a significant global burden of disease and corresponding socio-economic implications. There are four different virus serotypes, all of which are found predominantly in countries with tropical climates. Patients with dengue may present with cardiovascular (CV) manifestations, contributing to associated death and disability. A systematic review was conducted to identify CV manifestations of dengue, wherein 30 relevant studies were identified in the MEDLINE and PubMed databases. CV complications of dengue include rhythm abnormalities, hypotension, myocarditis, pericarditis and deterioration in myocardial function. Prompt recognition and treatment of CV complications of dengue are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients, who are at risk of progressing to cardiogenic shock and heart failure. Sin financiación 0.802 JCR (2021) Q4, 141/143 Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 0.297 SJR (2021) Q3, 244/356 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine No data IDR 2021 UEM

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the deforestation variable in Iquitos city between 2000-2016; Evaluate the report of the Number of cases presented by endemic diseases such as Malaria Vivax and Malaria Falciparum between 2000-2016 from Iquitos city; To determine the existence of a correlation between deforestation rate and endemic diseases in Iquitos city period 2000-2016. the research hypothesis was Deforestation and the presence of endemic diseases are highly correlated variables, the study population was made up of all the data of deforestation reported between 2000-2016 and number of cases of Vivax and Falciparum Malaria as well as Dengue was made up of all reported data of these diseases between 2000-20016 from Iquitos city. In general terms, we can say that deforestation rate and the presence of endemic diseases such as Vivax and Falciparum Malaria are variables highly associated so we get for Malaria Vivax the correlation is -.762 ** and for Malaria Falciparum -.791 ** regarding the Dengue variable there is a correlation but this is not significant. El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivos evaluar la variable deforestación en la ciudad de Iquitos comprendido entre los años 2000-2016; evaluar el reporte del número de casos presentados por las enfermedades endémicas como son Malaria Vivax y Malaria Falciparum comprendidos entre los años 2000-2016 de la ciudad de Iquitos ; Determinar la existencia de correlación entre la tasa de deforestación y enfermedades endémicas en la ciudad de Iquitos periodo 2000- 2016. La hipótesis de investigación fue La deforestación y la presencia de enfermedades endémicas son variables altamente correlacionadas, la población en estudio estuvo conformada por todos los datos de deforestación reportados entre los años 2000-2016 y en cuanto al número de casos de Malaria Vivax y Falciparum , así como Dengue estuvo conformado por todos los datos reportados de estas enfermedades entre los años 2000- 20016 en la ciudad de Iquitos En términos generales podemos decir que la tasa de deforestación y la presencia de enfermedades endémicas como la Malaria Vivax y Malaria Falciparum son variables altamente asociadas, así tenemos que para Malaria Vivax la correlación es de -.762** y para Malaria Falciparum -.791 ** en cuanto a la variable Dengue existe correlación pero esta no es significativa

Resumen Fundamento Conocer la situación organizativa de los hospitales españoles de cara a facilitar la atención adecuada en los servicios de urgencias (SUH) de los pacientes que acudan con sospecha de infecciones de origen tropical. Método Estudio descriptivo transversal mediante cuestionario en formato Google Forms® enviado a los miembros del grupo de INFURG-SEMES. Se estudiaron variables como el tamaño del hospital a través del número de camas, el número de urgencias de patología tropical, la existencia de protocolos de medicina tropical, de pruebas diagnósticas urgentes o tratamiento antimalárico. Resultados Se envió el formulario a 75 hospitales, obteniendo respuesta de 42 servicios de urgencias (55%), pertenecientes a 10 comunidades autónomas. Veinticuatro (57,1%) tenían más de 500 camas. Solo cinco hospitales (11,9%) podían diagnosticar malaria y dengue las 24 horas. En 19 hospitales (45,3%) no existía ningún protocolo de enfermedad tropical. En siete hospitales (16,7%) se realizaban diez o más asistencias/día. En los hospitales de mayor tamaño era más frecuente la existencia de un servicio de enfermedades infecciosas independiente del servicio de Medicina Interna, una unidad de medicina tropical, un infectólogo de guardia y un microbiólogo de guardia. No existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los hospitales de mayor y menor tamaño en cuanto a la capacidad para realizar diagnósticos o tratamiento adecuados durante las 24 horas. Conclusiones. La atención de la patología importada supone un volumen no despreciable de consultas en los SUH, donde en general, se observa una ausencia de protocolos específicos, en especial, el protocolo específico de malaria, así como de escasa disponibilidad de prueba diagnóstica urgente de malaria.

Las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas (ETD) constituyen un conjunto de afecciones altamente prevalentes en regiones tropicales y subtropicales, asociadas a pobreza y subdesarrollo. Constituyen una verdadera crisis sanitaria, incapacitando y llevando a la muerte a millones de personas anualmente. Esto se ve potenciado por las dificultades socioeconómicas que cursan estos países, mayormente en vías de desa rrollo, lo cual repercute en la calidad de la asistencia sanitaria que pueden proveer a la población. La morbilidad de estas enfermedades se explica por la amplia afectación orgánica que generan. El aparato cardiovascular resulta particularmente afectado, lo que explica en gran medida la morbimortalidad de las ETD. En el presente artículo se revisan los aspectos fundamentales de un proyecto llevado a cabo por los Líderes Emergentes de la Sociedad Interamericana de Cardiología (SIAC), cubriendo diferentes aspectos del impacto sobre el aparato cardiovascular de las ETD: el Proyecto NET-Heart (del inglés, Neglected Tropical Diseases and other Infectious Diseases Affecting the Heart). Neglected tropical diseases (NTD) are a group of diseases with high prevalence in tropical and subtropi cal countries. They are associated to poverty and underdevelopment. Due to its high morbimortality, these conditions are considered a health crisis. The impact of these diseases can be worsened by the poor socioeconomic status of the affected countries, most of them under-developed, which affects the health care provided to patients. The morbidity of these diseases is explained by the wide organic impairment that they produce. The cardiovascular system is par ticularly affected, which explains the high morbimortality of NTD. In this article, we review the key issues of a project elaborated by Emerging Leaders of the Interamerican Society of Cardiology (SIAC), about the cardiovascular impact of NTD: the NET-Heart Project (Neglected Tropical Diseases and other Infectious Diseases affecting the Heart). Sin financiación 0.960 JCR (2021) Q4, 148/172 Medicine, General & Internal 0.212 SJR (2021) Q4, 1970/2489 Medicine (miscellaneous) No data IDR 2020 UEM

As one of the tropical diseases, malaria is endemic in developing countries. Severe malaria, mainly caused by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite, can result in life-threatening complications. Traditionally, cardiac involvement has not been included as a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality. This could be due to under-reporting or underdiagnosing. Specific cardiovascular (CV) complications include electrocardiogram abnormalities, myocarditis, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, ischemic disease, and heart failure. According to the data analyzed, CV manifestations can lead to severe consequences. Possible theories related to the pathophysiological mechanisms related to CV compromise include an imbalanced pro-inflammatory cytokine response and/or erythrocyte sequestration by increased cytoadherence to endothelium. Although there is a paucity of data regarding cardiac manifestations of malaria, an algorithm for appropriate use of diagnostic tools to assess cardiac involvement has been developed in this paper. Furthermore, it is important to note that typical antimalarial treatment regimens can have fatal cardiac side-effects. Sin financiación 27.203 JCR (2021) Q1, 5/143 Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 9.756 SJR (2021) Q1, 1/356 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine No data IDR 2021 UEM

In 2016, the World Health Organization declared the ongoing Zika virus outbreak in the Americas, the Caribbean, and the Pacific a public health emergency of international concern after identifying a causal association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly in newborns, among other central nervous system abnormalities, and adverse pregnancy outcomes (miscarriage, stillbirth) in pregnant women.1 This World Health Organization announcement put the Zika virus infection on the front page of newspapers worldwide. Sin financiación 0.808 JCR (2019) Q4, 131/165 Medicine, General & Internal 0.302 SJR (2019) Q3, 1734/2807 Medicine (miscellaneous) No data IDR 2019 UEM

Sin financiación 1.289 JCR (2018) Q3, 84/125 Pediatrics; Q4, 16/21 Tropical Medicine 0.632 SJR (2018) Q2, 107/318 Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health; Q3, 162/298 Infectious Diseases No data IDR 2018 UEM

La enfermedad de Chagas o Tripanosomiasis Americana es una enfermedad de transmisión vectorial potencialmente mortal causada por el protozoo hemoflagelado del género Trypanosoma cruzi que se transmite a través de las heces de insectos de la familia Reduviidae (Triatominos). El vector habita en las Américas, excepto el Caribe, especialmente en zonas rurales y humildes del extrarradio. Además, la transmisión se puede producir mediante contaminación de alimentos y bebidas, transfusiones de sangre, trasplantes de órganos, y por vía transplacentaria. Según la OMS, entre 6-7 millones de personas están infectadas por Trypanosoma cruzi, la mayoría en América Latina. En la actualidad se encuentra clasificada como una de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas. En los últimos años, los viajes y las migraciones han llevado a la exportación de casos de enfermedad de Chagas a todos los continentes, especialmente Europa donde se estiman entre 40.000 y 65.000 casos de infectados. La infección congénita es actualmente una de las más importantes vías de transmisión de Trypanosoma cruzi en países no endémicos y junto con la vía transfusional, es la principal responsable de la urbanización de la Enfermedad de Chagas. En este trabajo se hace una revisión de la bibliografía científica sobre la incidencia del Chagas congénito en España, así como sus manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Chagas disease (CD) is an emergent disease in Europe that can behave as an opportunistic infection in HIV positive patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a CD screening programme in an HIV unit. An immunochromatography (ICT) of Trypanosoma cruzi was performed as a screening tool in HIV-positive patients born in CD endemic countries. ELISA and IFAT were used to confirm the diagnosis. A total of 155 patients, 116 males and 38 females, were included. Mean age was 36.9 years (± 8.4) and mean length of stay in Spain at the screening was 7.1 years (± 4.7). T. cruzi ICT was positive in four cases (2.6%), being confirmed (by ELISA and IFAT) in three of those (1.9%). Factors associated with confirmed positive T.cruzi serology were: Bolivia origin (p=0.016), Bolivia or Argentina origin (p=0.002), Southern Cone origin (p=0.015), rural origin (p=0.023), previously living in an adobe-made (p=0.001) or thatch-roofed house (p

Las realizaciones de la presente invención proporcionan compuestos (tales como compuestos de Fórmula (I), compuestos de Fórmula (II) y diversas realizaciones de los mismos). También se proporcionan composiciones que comprenden esos compuestos. Se incluyen métodos para su preparación. Además, se incluyen usos de los compuestos, tales como la administración y el tratamiento de enfermedades (p. ej., cáncer e infecciones). Vigente

Las realizaciones de la presente invención proporcionan compuestos (tales como compuestos de Fórmula (I), compuestos de Fórmula (II) y diversas realizaciones de los mismos). También se proporcionan composiciones que comprenden esos compuestos. Se incluyen métodos para su preparación. Además, se incluyen usos de los compuestos, como la administración y el tratamiento de enfermedades (p. ej., cáncer e infecciones). Caduco

Chagas disease is an important vector-borne disease problem in South America, especially in rural areas where inhabitants are in contact with the reduviid insects that transmit the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Today, the main means of interrupting transmission of T. cruzi is to control the vector. Therefore, studies of new agents with activity against these vectors have a priority interest. This review covers recent studies on essential oils from plants that have demonstrated moderate to high activity against the main vectors of Chagas disease. Further, we investigate the constituents of essential oils of plants of the genera Mentha, Thymus, Satureja and Artemisia and their activity on Rhodnius prolixus using an excito-repellency test. 4,147 JCR (2012) Q1, 19/197 Plant sciences

Vapors of essential oils extracted from various species of Eucalyptus (E. gunnii, E. tereticornis, E. grandis, E. camaldulensis, E. dunnii, E. cinerea, E. saligna, E. sideroxylon, E. globulus ssp. globulus, E. globulus ssp. maidenii, E. viminalis and the hybrids E. grandis × E. tereticornis and E. grandis × E. camaldulensis) and their major components were found to be toxic to Aedes aegypti adults, the yellow fever mosquito. An aliquot of each oil was placed in a cylindrical test chamber and the number of knocked-down mosquitoes was recorded as function of time. Knockdown time 50% was then calculated. Results showed that E. viminalis had the fastest knockdown time at of 4.2 min, on the same order as dichlorvos, a standard knockdown agent. A correlation was observed between the content of 1,8-cineole in the Eucalyptus essential oils and the corresponding toxic effect. The correlation between KT50 values and calculated vapor pressures of the essential oil components showed that the fumigant activity of simple organic compounds in insects is correlated with their volatility. Fil: Lucia, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación de Plagas e Insecticidas; Argentina Fil: Licastro, Susana Mónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación de Plagas e Insecticidas; Argentina Fil: Zerba, Eduardo Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación de Plagas e Insecticidas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina Fil: Gonzalez Audino, Paola Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación de Plagas e Insecticidas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina Fil: Masuh, Hector Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación de Plagas e Insecticidas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina

A new ultralow volume formulation (ULV) containing permethrin as an adulticidal active ingredient and the insect growth regulator (IGR) pyriproxyfen as a larvicide was developed and its efficacy evaluated in a field trial in Wanda, Misiones (Argentina). Two separate study areas were sprayed: one with a ULV formulation of permethrin 15% plus pyriproxyfen 3% and the other with permethrin 15% only. A third untreated area was kept as a control. Sentinel cages containing adult mosquitoes and jars containing Aedes aegypti larvae III/IV were placed in treated and control areas. The residual activity of the formulations was tested using 20 L water containers. The adulticide effect of permethrin 15% + pyriproxyfen 3% formulation was similar to the permethrin 15% formulation, however, the inhibition of adult emergence in the treatment with permethrin 15% never exceeded 20%, whereas the inhibition of adult emergence in the treatment with permethrin 15% plus pyriproxyfen 3% showed initial values of 96% maintaining this high level of inhibition up to 35 days after ULV spraying. Larval indexes (House and Breteau indexes) showed that a greater, long-lasting effect was obtained with the permethrin 15% plus pyriproxyfen 3% formulation. Fil: Lucia, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación de Plagas e Insecticidas; Argentina Fil: Harburguer, Laura Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación de Plagas e Insecticidas; Argentina Fil: Licastro, Susana Mónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación de Plagas e Insecticidas; Argentina Fil: Zerba, Eduardo Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación de Plagas e Insecticidas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina Fil: Masuh, Hector Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación de Plagas e Insecticidas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina

The efficacy of technical pyriproxyfen and diflubenzuron was evaluated at the laboratory level against Aedes aegypti, where we achieved adult emergence inhibition (EI50) values of 0.048 and 1.59 ppb (microg/liter), respectively. We compared these data with values obtained for temephos. We prepared emulsifiable concentrate formulations of pyriproxyfen and diflubenzuron in the laboratory and obtained EI50 values of 0.01 and 0.02 ppb, respectively. We also obtained 100% adult emergence inhibition with 0.1% slow-release sand formulations of pyriproxyfen and diflubenzuron. In a simulated field study, the granular sand formulations of pyriproxyfen, diflubenzuron, and temephos remained active for over 4 mo. In a field study, a 0.2% granular formulation of diflubenzuron and 1% temephos showed a similar performance. 0.894 JCR (2008) Q3, 36/72 Entomology UEM

Monitoring of resistance of Aedes aegypti to temephos was implemented in the provinces of Formosa and Misiones, Argentina, as a response to the need to improve the vigilance for the dengue vector in areas of high risk of dengue. Eggs collected in each locality were reared, and susceptibility to temephos was assayed using larval bioassays. A weak decrease in susceptibility of larvae to temephos was observed in Clorinda and Puerto Iguazú, indicating an incipient resistance with a resistance ratio of 3. No control failures have been observed yet, and this program should allow the early detection of a real problem in our country. 0.894 JCR (2008) Q3, 36/72 Entomology UEM

Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by organisms of the genus Plasmodium. The present study examined wild and cultivated plants used to treat malaria and associated symptoms by riparian communities in the Municipalities of Pauini and Xapuri in Amazonas and Acre states, respectively. During the year 2013 86 persons were interviewed in nine rural communities in Pauini and Xapuri that were known for their knowledge and use of medicinal plants, After each interview, walks were made (walk in the woods), with the main informant of the family, for identification of plants and to collect the samples of the species indicated. A total of 86 plant species were indicated by seringueiros and ribeirinhos for the treatment of malaria and for associated symptoms, while 26 species were indicated exclusively for the treatment of malaria, of which two had no previous indication of use for that purpose. Among the plants mentioned in the survey, we highlight the ten most cited and used by respondents living in the two regions. They are: quina-quina - Stenostomum acreanum (40), carapanauba - Aspidosperma nitidum (39), Picao ou carrapicho-agulha- Bidens pilosa (29), Copaiba - Copaifera sp. (21), melao-de-sao-caetano - Momordica charantia (19), quina-quina - Geissospermum reticulatum (16), Paracanauba / carapanuba - Aspidosperma megaphyllum (14), Amor-Crescido/ Alecrim - Portulaca pilosa (11) species in test 2 (8) and picao-plantado - Leonotis nepetifolia (7). The regions of Pauini and Xapuri have an important flora to prospect promising plants for new antimalarial drug, communities studied have a great knowledge about the forest and their members have used medicinal plants for malaria and its symptoms.

The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of microorganisms in blood in cats and dogs admitted to a veterinary clinic in the city of Valledupar, Colombia during the period 2016-2018. In total, 957 medical records with a history of hemoparasitic or bacterial infections were analysed (847 in dogs and 110 in cats). In dogs, the seroprevalence of A. platys, Ehrlichia sp, Hepatozoon sp, Babesia sp, Trypanosoma sp and D. immitis was 51.5, 30.9, 22.3, 6.7 and 0.1%, respectively. Also, the level of 4.8% of coinfection in dogs was found. In cats, M. haemofelis was present in all cases. The diversity of microorganisms found shows the possible zoonotic risk, mainly by Anaplasma sp, Ehrlichia sp, Hepatozoon sp, Babesia sp and Trypanosoma sp, to which the owners and veterinary personnel are exposed in the city of Valledupar., El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la distribución de microorganismos a nivel sanguíneo en gatos y perros ingresados a una clínica veterinaria de la ciudad de Valledupar, Colombia durante el periodo 2016-2018. Se analizaron 957 historias médicas con antecedentes de infecciones hemoparasitarias o bacterianas (847 en perros y 110 en gatos). En perros, se encontró una seroprevalencia de A. platys, Ehrlichia sp, Hepatozoon sp, Babesia sp, Trypanosoma sp y D. immitis de 51.5, 30.9, 22.3, 6.7 y 0.1%, respectivamente. Asimismo, una coinfección en 4.8% en perros. En gatos, M. haemofelis estuvo presente en todos los casos. La diversidad de microorganismos encontrados manifiesta el posible riesgo zoonótico, principalmente por Anaplasma sp, Ehrlichia sp, Hepatozoon sp, Babesia sp y Trypanosoma sp, al que están expuestos los dueños y el personal veterinario en la ciudad de Valledupar.