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An average working individual in today's society spends a considerableamount of a typical day in an office environment. This, in turn,can negatively influenceher or his circadian systemif the indoor builtenvironment is not designed to provide adequate luminous conditions. Therefore, the presented paper's main objectivewas to address the extent to whichindoor built environmentparametersinfluence the characteristics of the indoornon-visual and visualluminousenvironment.To answer the stated question,a statistical analysis of parametric simulationsusing multispectral software ALFAwas carried outfora sample cellular office in Ljubljana, Slovenia.The influence ofroom, geometrical(depth, width,andwindow to wall ratio),and optical (reflectance of walls, ceiling, and floor and glazing transmissivity) parameterswasstudied for four cardinaloccupantviewdirections. The results show thatthe windowis the most influential building element as the windowto wall ratio and glazing transmissivityare the most influential geometricaland optical parameters. However, it was exposedthatthisis not entirely true for occupant positionsdeeper in space and facing away from the window, as the influence of all studied building parameters changes according to theview orientation and positionin relation to the window.

V magistrskem delu je obravnavana prilagoditev ogrevalnega sistema po prenovi zunanjega toplotnega ovoja stavbe s poudarkom na prikazu metodologije prilagoditve centralnega ogrevalnega sistema z radiatorji. Po energijski prenovi stavbe se zmanjšajo potrebe po ogrevanju. Obstoječi radiatorji postanejo predimenzionirani, kar omogoča znižanje temperature dovodne ogrevalne vode oziroma masnega pretoka ogrevalne vode. Pri nižanju temperature dovodne ogrevalne vode smo omejeni zaradi neenakomernega zmanjšanja toplotne moči radiatorjev v posameznih prostorih. Izdelali smo program v Microsoft Excelu, da smo lahko določili obstoječemu ogrevalnemu sistemu znižano temperaturo dovodne ogrevalne vode in masni pretok ogrevalne vode. Za izbrano stavbo s projektnim temperaturnim režimom 90/70 je nova temperatura dovodne ogrevalne vode 46 °C. Izračunani masni pretok ogrevalne vode, ki ga mora zagotoviti obtočna črpalka znaša 0,5248 kg/s. This master thesis examines adjustment of the heating system after refurbishment of the external thermal envelope of the building. It focuses on methodology, based on the adjustment of central-based heating system with radiators. With energy refurbishment of buildings, heating requirements are decreased. Existing radiators become oversized and heating water supply temperature or heating water mass flow can be reduced. The thermal power of radiators in individual rooms lowers unevenly which causes some limitations when decreasing the heating water supply temperature. Using a self-designed program within Microsoft Excel, we managed to determine the lowered heating water supply temperature and heating water mass flow temperature of an existing heating system. For chosen building with project temperature regime 90/70, the new heating water supply temperature is 46 °C. The calculated heating water mass flow, which the circulating pump must acquire, is 0,5248 kg/s.

Diplomska naloga temelji na obstoječem objektu enostanovanjske hiše na Izlakah, ki je bila zgrajena v zgodnjih 80. letih 20. stoletja. Tako kot večina takrat grajenih objektov je potrebna celotne prenove in obenem izvedbe obnove toplotnega ovoja za namen učinkovitejše rabe energije. V diplomski nalogi je predstavljen in analiziran toplotni ovoj obstoječega in prenovljenega stanja objekta s programskim orodjem Ubakus. Toplotni mostovi so bili identificirani s pomočjo posnetkov toplotne IR kamere, njihova linijska toplotna prevodnost pa je bila določena s standardom SIST EN ISO 14683. Na podlagi teh podatkov je s pomočjo programa KI Energija izračunana energijska učinkovitost obstoječega stanja. Sledi predlog obnove obstoječega stanja, ki je bila narejena na podlagi »Pravilnika o učinkoviti rabi energije v stavbah – PURES« [1] in zahtev za pridobitev subvencije Eko sklada. Celovita obnova je razdeljena na štiri dele obnove: fasada, streha, medetažna konstrukcija in zunanje stavbno pohištvo. S tem je prikazana preglednost energijske prenove posameznega dela obnove. Iz dobljenih rezultatov je razvidno, da je prihranek toplote za ogrevanje po celotni obnovi 21641 kWh/leto. Pri delni obnovi stavbnega ovoja je najbolj učinkovita zamenjava zunanjega stavbnega pohištva, s katero privarčujemo 7381 kWh/leto, sledi obnova fasade s prihrankom 6248 kWh/leto, obnova medetažne konstrukcije s prihrankom 4201 kWh/leto in obnova strehe s prihrankom 868 kWh/leto. Na koncu je narejena ocena ekonomičnosti posamezne faze obnove po predračunu podjetja Zagrad d. o. o. in upoštevanju subvencije Eko sklada glede na strošek ogrevanja s toplotno črpalko in pečjo na kurilno olje. Ker je ogrevanje s pečjo na kurilno olje 2,53-krat dražje od ogrevanja s toplotno črpalko, je smiselno izbrati sistem ogrevanja s toplotno črpalko. Posledično je čas pokritja stroškov investicije (glede na prihranek stroškov za ogrevanje) bistveno daljši. The diploma thesis is based on the existing building of a single family house in Izlake, which was built in the early 1980s. Like most buildings constructed at that time, it needs complete renovation and at the same time a renewal of the thermal envelope in order to be more energy efficient. The diploma thesis presents and analyses the thermal envelope of the existing and renovated condition of the building using the Ubakus software tool. Thermal bridges were identified using thermal imagery, while their linear thermal transmittance was determined by the standard SIST EN ISO 14683. Based on these data, the energy efficiency of the existing condition was calculated using the KI Energy program. This is followed by a proposal for the restoration of the existing condition, which was made on the basis of the "Rules on Efficient Use of Energy in Buildings (PURES)" [1] and the requirements for obtaining an Eco Fund grant. The complete renovation is divided into four parts of the renovation: facade, roof, interstorey structure and exterior joinery. This demonstrates the transparency of the energy renovation of each part of the renovation. The obtained results show that the total heat energy savings for the whole renovation is 21641 kWh/year. Regarding the partial renovation of the thermal envelopment, the most efficient is the replacement of the exterior joinery with savings of 7381 KWh/year, followed by the facade renovation with savings of 6248 kWh/year, the restoration of the interstorey structure with savings of 4201 kWh/year and the renovation of the roof with savings of 868 kWh/year. Finally, the economics of each part of the renovation is made according to the estimate of the company Zagrad d. o. o. and the Eco Fund grant, given the cost of heating with a heat pump and a fuel oil stove. Since heating with a fuel oil stove is 2.53 times more expensive than heating with a heat pump, it is reasonable to choose a heating system with a heat pump. As a result, the time to cover the investment costs is significantly longer, given the cost savings for heating.

Magistrsko delo obravnava celostno prenovo bivše blagovnice Tima. Objekt je lociran v samem centru mesta Radlje ob Dravi. Kljub prestižni lokaciji objekt nima namembnosti in se ga s tem ne vzdržuje – posledica je počasno propadanje. Odločili smo se, da objekt celostno prenovimo. Vanj smo umestili program, ki služi javnosti. Izbrali smo knjižnico, ki ima tudi vlogo kulturnega centra. Pri prenovi smo se osredotočili tudi na energijske vidike. Upoštevali smo Pravilnik o učinkoviti rabi energije v stavbah z ustrezno Tehnično smernico za graditev TSG-1-004: Učinkovita raba energije. S pomočjo programa Phpp smo naredili energijski izkaz stavbe po teoretičnih fazah prenove. The project focuses on the comprehensive renovation of the former department store named Tima. The building itself is located in town centre of Radlje ob Dravi. Despite the elite location the building doesn’t have a purpose and is not maintained, which is leading to a slow decay. We have made a decision to renovate the whole facility. We allocated public facilities inside the building to benefit the community. We chose a library, which also plays a role of a community centre. During the renovation we focused on the energy aspect. During designing a new project we followed the code of energy efficiency with appropriated technical guidelines. With the help of Phpp software we have made energy efficiency diagram of the building based on theoretical phases of the renovation.

V vrtcu Solkan je raba energije za ogrevanje visoka in z njo so povezani tudi visoki obratovalni stroški. Z energijsko prenovo bi zmanjšali rabo energije in z njo povezane obratovalne stroške, hkrati pa bi izboljšali kakovost bivanja v stavbi. V magistrskem delu smo izvedli analizo trenutnega stanja ovoja stavbe in sistemov. Nadalje smo predlagali različne variante prenove, ki so v skladu s smernicami novega Energetskega zakona in v skladu z Akcijskim načrtom za skoraj nič-energijske stavbe. Pri variantah prenove smo ocenili okoljske, ekonomske in energijske učinke ter predlagali stroškovno optimalno varianto energijske obnove vrtca Solkan. Zmanjšanje toplotnih izgub smo dosegli z dodatnimi plastmi izolacijskega materiala, ki bi se jih dodalo na obstoječo konstrukcijo stavbe ter z zamenjavo stavbnega pohištva. Toplotne izgube smo še dodatno zmanjšali z vgradnjo mehanskega prezračevanja z rekuperacijo odpadne toplote. V energijsko prenovo smo s toplotnimi črpalkami za ogrevanje prostorov in pripravo tople sanitarne vode vključili obnovljive vire energije, ki so eden izmed kriterijev skoraj nič-energijske stavbe. V finančni analizi se je kot najugodnejša izkazala varianta z vgradnjo dodatnih plasti izolacijskega materiala na obstoječo konstrukcijo stavbe, zamenjavo stavbnega pohištva ter uporabo toplotnih črpalk za ogrevanje in pripravo tople sanitarne vode. Na ta način smo kriterij sNES glede 50-% minimalnega deleža OVE s preko 80 % presegli brez težav, medtem ko smo kriterij rabe največ 65 kW h/m2a primarne energije na enoto kondicionirane površine dosegli in s 56,81 kW h/m2a tudi presegli, vendar šele z vgradnjo mehanskega prezračevanja z rekuperacijo toplote. In the Solkan kindergarten the energy consumption for heating is high and it is linked to high operating costs. The energy renovation would serve to reduce energy consumption and cut down on operational costs while improving living comfort in the building. In this master thesis, an analysis of the current state of the building's envelope and systems was carried out. Furthermore, different renovation variants were proposed, which are in accordance with the guidelines of the new Energy act and also in accordance with the Action plan for the nearly zero energy buildings. In different renovation variants the environmental, economic and energy impacts were evaluated, and the cost-optimal variant for the energy renovation of the Solkan kindergarten was proposed. The reduction of heat losses was achieved by installation of additional insulating material layers, which were added to the existing structure of the building, and by replacement of joinery and carpentry work. Heat losses were further reduced by installation of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery. By application of heat pumps for space and sanitary water heating we included in the energy renovation the use of renewable energy sources, which represents one of the criteria for nearly zero energy buildings. Financial analysis has shown the most favorable variant to be the one that included installation of additional insulating material onto the existing structure of the building, replacement of joinery and carpentry work, as well as application of heat pumps for space and sanitary water heating. In this way the criterion sNES regarding the 50 % minimum share of RES was easily exceeded by over 80 %. The criterion for the use of no more than 65 kW h/m2a of primary energy consumption per unit of conditioned area was successfully met, and energy consumption was even further lowered to 56,81 kW h/m2a, however, only after installation of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery.

Intenzivna gradnja 20. stoletja, ki je pospešila rast slovenskih mest, je temeljila predvsem na reševanju stanovanjskih stisk, kvaliteta gradnje je bila v tem primeru sekundarni pojem. Stanovanjske soseske, ki jih sestavljajo večstanovanjski objekti, zaradi takratne tehnologije gradnje in uporabe predvsem osnovnih gradbenih materialov, imajo danes velik vpliv na prekomerno rabo energijo in posledično predstavljajo izjemen potencial k učinkoviti rabi energije. V diplomski nalogi smo se odločili izdelati analizo tipologije konstrukcij stanovanjskih blokov v Velenju, ki so bili prav tako deležni intenzivne gradnje. Objekte smo, glede na raznoliko tipologijo konstrukcij, razdelili v tri skupine, za katere smo izračunali toplotne prehodnosti zunanjih ovojev in predlagali izvedbo sanacije, da smo zadostili zahtevam pravilnika PURES. Za tipični objekt smo izdelali tudi elaborat gradbene fizike. The intensive construction of the twentieth century, which has accelerated the growth of Slovenian towns, was based primarily on solving the housing shortage yet the quality of construction was a secondary matter in this case. Due to the construction technology of that time and the use of mainly basic construction materials the housing neighborhoods consisting of multi-dwelling units now have a major impact on the excessive use of energy and consequently represent an outstanding potential for energy efficiency. An analysis on the structure typology of housing units in Velenje, which were also a subject of intensive construction, was performed in this diploma paper. Facilities were divided into three groups according to the diverse structure typology. The heat transfers of the outer layers were calculated for all three groups. In order to meet the requirements of the regulation PURES an implementation of rehabilitation was proposed. A detailed report on physics of construction was designed for a typical facility.