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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O resíduo líquido da extração de óleo de palma, chamado palm oil mill effluent (POME), tem alto acúmulo de matéria orgânica, sendo uma fonte de energia renovável. Por essa razão, objetiva-se avaliar a produção de biogás a partir do fruto do dendê em uma lagoa anaeróbia coberta, que foi implantada por uma indústria do estado do Pará para aproveitamento energético. Para isso, levantaram-se dados do processo industrial, do tipo de tratamento de efluente e da conversão do resíduo em um novo produto. Visitas foram feitas na indústria para que se tivesse uma noção da operação do sistema e da captação do biogás e sua conversão em energia elétrica. Os principais parâmetros para controle operacional da lagoa são: demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), pH e temperatura. O valor médio do pH foi de 7,43, e o da temperatura foi de 38,3°C, com uma carga orgânica volumétrica (COV) de 24,73 kgDQO/m³.dia, com eficiência de remoção de DQO de 91% e produção média de 139,04 m3/dia de metano. O metano gerou uma média de 28,01 MWh de energia elétrica, utilizada para alimentação da planta industrial.

O crescimento da demanda global de energia, juntamente com a necessidade de conservação de recursos naturais, levou a uma diversificação do mercado energético, focado em fontes renováveis. A matriz energética brasileira é caracterizada como a mais renovável do mundo, com 61,90% de sua composição proveniente de energia hidroelétrica. Estudos indicam a viabilidade para a exploração energética das ondas no litoral do país e diversas soluções têm sido estudadas para o aproveitamento desta energia, porém ainda não existe uma alternativa consolidada do ponto de vista comercial. Com o intuito de fornecer uma visão geral das pesquisas realizadas nos últimos cinco anos na área de conversão de energia das ondas do mar, foi conduzido um estudo bibliométrico utilizando o método Ordinatio nas bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus. Os resultados permitiram a visualização dos estudos realizados em países com elevado desenvolvimento socioeconômico nos últimos cinco anos. O método mostrou-se eficaz ao revelar tendências e destaques entre as publicações, destacando a baixa produção científica brasileira e a necessidade de fomentar pesquisas que nortearão o avanço do setor.

Copyright of Journal of Exact Sciences is the property of Master Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista FACE is the property of Universidad de Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agroalimentaria is the property of Alejandro Antonio Gutierrez Socorro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista ION is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Esse artigo objetiva demonstrar o uso múltiplo dos recursos hídricos, como o levantamento do potencial energético da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Sapucaí Mirim (Potencial Instalado e o Potencial Futuro) das PCH existentes e da construção de futuras PCH. O incremento do potencial hidrelétrico através da implantação de novas PCH por ordem da união ou da iniciativa privada é um investimento, que automaticamente visa atender as necessidades da região e de seus investidores, mas também, pode melhorar a realidade econômica local e lindeiras ao empreendimento, contribuição em impostos, geração de empregos, enriquecimento da mata ciliar e monitoramento constante do meio ambiente, tudo isso além de gerar energia pontual para o local, aliviando a matriz elétrica e diminuindo as perdas de distribuição na linha, quanto mais próximo do ponto de geração é seu consumo, menor é seu desperdício. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering / Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Produção is the property of Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o impacto da política pública de incentivo ao aumento da frota de veículos elétricos no Paraná que visa contribuir para o programa do governo paranaense de seguir a agenda 2030 de desenvolvimento sustentável da ONU. A métrica de mensuração do impacto de política pública adotada na presente pesquisa denomina-se diferenças em diferenças (DD). Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem impacto positivo, porém pouco expressivo. Conclui-se que para maior contribuição ao Programa de Governo do Paraná mostram-se necessárias outras ações conjuntas, com a finalidade de tornar a frota de veículos elétricos ainda mais expressiva no Estado.

Diante de um cenário marcado pela degradação ambiental causada pela utili-zação desordenada dos recursos naturais, a energia eólica surge como uma forma de buscar o desenvolvimento e ao mesmo tempo a preservação dos recursos na-turais, sem comprometer o bem-estar das gerações atuais e futuras. Dessa forma, este artigo tem o objetivo de realizar uma análise da evolução e geração de energia eólica em escala mundial e nacional, bem como apresentar a configuração da matriz elétrica destas, identificando os maiores produtores eólicos. Os dados apontam que, nas últimas décadas, a geração de energia elétrica de fonte eólica apresentou um crescimento vigoroso e dinâmico em nível mundial. A China, por sua vez, lidera o cenário mundial de geração eólica tanto onshore como offshore, e o Brasil aparece em sexto lugar no ranking de produção mundial em 2022. O Brasil é considerado referência no mundo em função de as fontes renováveis com-porem sua matriz elétrica há muitos anos, sendo a eólica fortemente instalada no nordeste do país, uma região privilegiada por fortes ventos robustos e persistentes durante todo o ano. Portanto, nota-se que o setor eólico tem potencial para con-tribuir para a transição energética, a redução dos transtornos socioambientais causados pelo efeito estufa e a busca por segurança energética firmada em ener-gias limpas.

O objetivo deste trabalho é dimensionar sistemas fotovoltaicos com as estações de recargas, para atender à demanda de veículos elétricos e diminuir a quantidade de CO2 emitido para a atmosfera. Para isso, foram avaliados os benefícios ambientais e financeiros com a implantação desses sistemas. Os dados obtidos foram coletados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, do Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia e por pesquisas bibliográficas, que foram bases para o levantamento quantitativo, a fim de se traçar o perfil de consumo da frota de veículos e dimensionar os sistemas fotovoltaicos e as estações de recargas. Com a criação desses sistemas e das referidas estações para veículos elétricos, será possível ter um fluxo de caixa acumulado de R$ 7.808.226,92 em 25 anos de operação e evitar a emissão de 79.644 tCO2 para a atmosfera.

The purpose of this work was to analyze the main advantages and disadvantages of solar photovoltaic energy in Brazil and in the five countries that most produce it. For that, we conducted a systematic review in scientific papers, considering only the environmental sciences field, published in free-access databases in the period from 2016 to 2021, with Qualis Capes (evaluation - 2013 to 2016) between the A1 and B2 strata, written in Portuguese and English. We selected 3,026 papers, of which 62 met the research criteria. We identified 26 advantages, and the most cited were: absence/low emission of greenhouse gases; possibility of use in remote areas, alternative locations, and for different economic activities; high cost-effectiveness considering the life cycle; diversification of the electric matrix, and the fact that it is a clean, abundant, and reliable energy resource. We identified 18 disadvantages, and the most cited were: high initial cost; need to increase appropriate regulations for non-economic barriers that may hinder the effectiveness of policies and support schemes; lack of business models for private sector financing; dependence on climate conditions/operation for a limited period. The survey data showed that the number of citations and the amount of advantages are much higher than the disadvantages, which suggests the high potential of using solar photovoltaic energy and its socio-environmental and economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Inovação, Projetos e Tecnologia is the property of Revista Inovacao, Projetos e Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais is the property of Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Planejamento Urbano e Regional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O número de sistemas de Geração Distribuída cresce de forma exponencial no Brasil desde a sua primeira regulamentação. Entretanto, com a aprovação do seu novo marco legal, os consumidores passaram a pagar pelo uso do sistema de distribuição de energia elétrica, impactando o mercado. Assim, é objetivo deste artigo avaliar a influência desta nova regulamentação na viabilidade econômica dos sistemas para consumidores residenciais, tipos de sistemas de maior representatividade no setor. Para tanto, analisaram-se as tarifas de energia homologadas para as concessionárias, bem como o impacto no fluxo de caixa de sistemas instalados no período de vacância da lei, caso eles fossem instalados sob a vigência da nova regulamentação em cinco cenários de análise, por meio de parâmetros econométricos e da comparação com investimentos de renda fixa tradicionais no Brasil. Pôde-se constatar que não existe um padrão para as tarifas de energia elétrica e que o impacto da nova regulamentação varia em função da componente tarifária da remuneração do uso do sistema de distribuição, identificando-se as regiões do país mais impactadas. Constatou-se que, mesmo com a diminuição da atratividade, em todos os cenários analisados os sistemas são viáveis, mesmo não havendo uma transição suave para as novas regras. Por fim, recomendou-se fortemente a instalação dos novos sistemas com a maior brevidade possível, além da gestão energética nas unidades consumidoras, com a priorização da utilização de energia nos horários de maior geração.

O hidrogênio verde é produzido com eletricidade natural oriunda de fontes de energia limpas e renováveis, a partir de energia eólica, solar e provenientes de biomassa, assim ele não possui e não emite gás carbônico, sendo um promissor combustível de amplo valor econômico e ambiental. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os investimentos de hidrogênio verde no mundo e o papel do Brasil nesta cadeia produtiva, discutindo sua importância como futuro combustível sustentável. A proposta é apresentar o hidrogênio verde como combustível limpo o qual estimulará a corrida das grandes potências mundiais de se adequarem a uma sociedade com economia mais verde até o final da presente década, além de discutir como vem ocorrendo investimentos na produção de hidrogênio verde no mundo e no Brasil, o qual apresenta perfil de potencial futuro exportador na cadeia produtiva deste combustível, uma vez que o Brasil é considerado o local ideal para sua produção, devido às facilidades de uso e abundância de fontes renováveis.

A energia eólica já se mostra bastante relevante na matriz elétrica brasileira, sobretudo quando analisada a Região Nordeste do país. Essa expansão das fontes eólicas ganhou ainda mais força com o desenvolvimento das fontes renováveis, em um contexto internacional de negociações pela redução de emissões de gases de efeito estufa. Todavia, a implantação e o funcionamento de parques eólicos geram impactos socioambientais significativos na população residente no entorno desses grandes empreendimentos. A presente pesquisa analisou artigos acadêmicos que retratam impactos socioambientais negativos causados pela instalação e operação de parques eólicos no Nordeste brasileiro para então abordar os conflitos locais deles decorrentes em situação de injustiça ambiental. É apresentada uma tipologia dos conflitos identificados, classificados em quatro categorias, quais sejam econômicos, hídricos, fundiários, e saúde e bem-estar, demonstrando o nítido cenário de injustiça ambiental.

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering / Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Produção is the property of Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencia, Tecnologia y Sociedad is the property of Centro de Estudios sobre Ciencia, Desarrollo y Educacion Superior and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering / Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Produção is the property of Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sustainability in Debate / Sustentabilidade em Debate is the property of University of Brasilia, Center for Sustainable Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Focado em uma faceta particular da governança privada de clima e energia este estudo revela um novo conjunto de oportunidades para a aceleração política das transições energéticas. O estudo revela que a governança privada de energia e eletricidade pode, na verdade, servir para alterar a política de transições energéticas, especificamente, a análise apresentada neste artigo mostra que as interações de governança público-privadas podem desestabilizar a política de aprisionamento de carbono, expandindo coalizões para a descarbonização e desencadeando feedbacks regulatórios públicos-privados positivos, analisando o contexto empírico do setor elétrico dos EUA.

Copyright of Revista de Direito Internacional is the property of Revista de Direito Internacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RAIMED: Revista de Administração IMED is the property of RAIMED: Revista de Administracao IMED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

India has been at the forefront of reducing the emission of the greenhouse gases even before the countries agreed upon the Paris Agreement. India has designed the National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC). The effort shows the sensitivity of the country towards the climate issues. The country has seen lot of progress in the direction from laying down the different mission under NAPCC in the year 2008 to submission of the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, in 2015. The Country has been making strides to achieve the goals set out in the INDCC. It has been seen that goal pertaining to the installed capacity of renewable energy is on the path of being achieved before the schedule. The commitment with which Indian government has been working towards meeting its targets set out in the INDCC, shows the country is determined to contribute in achieving the climate neutrality, much essential to safeguard the Mother Earth and the humanity. The Researcher has discussed the Policy measures adopted by India in order to achieve the targets set out in the INDCC. The Researcher has relied on the Government data and Report of the independent institutions, in order to analysis the progress of the country with respect to achieving the objectives of the Paris Agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sustainability in Debate / Sustentabilidade em Debate is the property of University of Brasilia, Center for Sustainable Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O Brasil tem elevado seu potencial de aproveitamento de fontes renováveis de energia, principalmente empreendimentos eólicos que vêm se expandindo no mercado nacional. O ganho de espaço na matriz nacional possibilitou a corrida eólica, que, por sua vez, ocasionou problemas socioambientais em decorrência da instalação dos parques eólicos. Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar as mudanças ocorridas na comunidade pesqueira de São Cristóvão, localizada no município de Areia Branca, Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brasil, a partir da introdução do parque eólico. Adotou-se uma abordagem mista e, para a coleta de dados, fezse uso de visitas in loco associadas à análise de documentos, realização de entrevistas e aplicação de questionários semiestruturados, que foram catalogados e analisados com o auxílio do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 20.0. Participaram do estudo 80 (oitenta) pessoas. Como resultado, foi possível identificar que o processo de instalação do parque eólico ocorreu sem uma participação expressiva da comunidade e há ausência de um diálogo aprofundado entre a empresa e a população inserida nas proximidades do parque eólico. Verificou-se que o impacto na economia local após a instalação do empreendimento é inexpressivo, segundo os entrevistados. Constataram-se conflitos socioambientais relacionados à posse da terra, e, face a essas questões, a comunidade expressa desconfianças em relação aos parques eólicos na região.

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As the future of oil is uncertain and in the search for alternative fuels, it has been found that alcohol is a strong candidate as a fuel. The most representative lower alcohols are methanol and ethanol, which have generally demonstrated low miscibility so that they can generate phase separation when mixed after a certain period of time. The only way to use them in a diesel engine is to mix them with biodiesel or surfactants. By contrast, higher alcohols have more suitable characteristics to be mixed or used in the diesel engine. In the case of ethers they are a good option when it comes to pilot combustion considering using gaseous fuels such as biogas or syngas in dual diesel engine. This research explores the alternatives that exist to improve the characteristics of alcohol as it can be mixed with biodiesel, biogas, water or nanoparticles and also analyzes the emissions that are generated with the mixtures. The aim of this research is to explore the differences between lower alcohols and long chain upper alcohols, as well as the mixtures that can be generated to improve engine performance. The results of this research claim that long-chain alcohols have better physico-chemical properties than short-chain alcohols, butanol being the only fuel that can be transported and stored in the same current pipeline networks of existing oil products. There is also the option to use alcohol as a pilot fuel in a dual diesel engine. The latter can be used to apply a huge variety of both liquid and gaseous fuels, this makes the options in its application increase. As a conclusion of this work, it is recommended to explore new mixtures analyzing their synergies with various alternative fuels. The possibility of performing diesterol-BED generates very encouraging results, therefore it is recommended to continue to perform analyses on that line to find the optimal mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the information about protection of technologies related to distributed generation (DG) of electric energy, available in the Brazilian patent bank, in the period between 2011 and 2020. Considering that the energy sector has strategic role for companies and countries, analyzing technological trends in the area can help management and decision making. As a methodological procedure, (1) data were collected from the national database of the Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial - INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property) -- in July 2020, (2) associated with keywords and the Classificação Internacional de Patentes - IPC (International Patent Classification) for research and (3) treated with the aid of Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 software. The variables found and analyzed were: nature of the patent; order status; international classification; year of filing; publication of request; countries of origin of depositors; main depositors; state of origin of depositors; electrical system structure; and types of energy sources. The results demonstrated that the number of patent filings fluctuated over the years; that there was a significant growth in the number of deposits in the years that normative resolution n° 482/2012, responsible for regularizing DG in Brazil, was published or revised and that most of the technologies deposited are intended for power generation, with emphasis on that use wind energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sustainability in Debate / Sustentabilidade em Debate is the property of University of Brasilia, Center for Sustainable Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)