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The European Union defined itself as a global leader in the promotion and development of renewable energy sources. The European Union initiated crucial changes in renewable energy policies in its Member States. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of policy debate and policy outputs adopted by the European Union and by the Czech Republic over a fourteen-year period (2004–2018). We investigate how the Czech Republic’s domestic policy on renewable energy sources has reacted to EU-level policy norms, strategies and institutional developments. There are different theories used to explain differentiated processes of Europeanization of domestic structures. One of them, the institutionalist approach reveals how the European Union effect is filtered and mediated through pre-existing domestic institutions, rules, norms and political cultures. We demonstrate that Czech policy makers implemented crucial EU-level policy norms to the national legislative framework, but these norms have not been fully internalized by political actors and society. Thus, the promotion of renewable energy sources in the Czech Republic can be considered as a direct effect of policy development at the EU level, not as output of autonomous Czech policy debate. It poses certain risk for the future development of renewable energy sources policy support. Čánek ukazuje, že Česká republika implementovala klíčové veřejně-politické normy a principy v oblasti politiky obnovitelných zdrojů, nicméně tyto normy nebyly na národní úrovni internalizovány politickými aktéry a společností.

Michaela Löfflerová Comparison of China-Angola and China-Nigeria relations in regards to energy security and Chinese investments Abstract The master thesis "Comparison of China-Angola and China-Nigeria relations in regards to energy security and Chinese investment" focuses on the analysis of Chinese activities towards Angola and Nigeria as representatives of Subsaharan oil-rich countries. The thesis aims to test two hypotheses about China's approach to Angola and Nigeria in the period 2000-2007 and 2008-2018. The first hypothesis, based on the concept of energy security, tests whether China's approach to oil-rich countries has changed over the period under review as a result of the 2008 financial crisis and subsequent global trends. The second hypothesis, based on the concept of neocolonialism, tests whether Chinese activities have expanded into other sectors through oil extraction, which in turn has led to a significant dependence of states on China. The diploma thesis aims to focus on economical, security, and political aspects using quantitative and qualitative analyzes. Monitoring China's activities in these countries serve as a case study of the impact of Chinese foreign policy on resource-rich countries in the second and third world. In the last chapters, the thesis will focus on the analysis of the...

The main focus of the present diploma thesis are the energy policies of Germany and the United Kingdom. In the thesis, a comparative analysis of both countries' policies is carried out, focusing on their progress towards a low carbon energy sector and on the fullfillment of their respective climate pledges, such as the share of renewable sources of electricity and total emissions. The scope of the thesis is narrowed down to include above all the electricity sector and the technologies that help to reduce the energy intensity of the energy sector. The central part of the text is descriptive, comparing both the general outlines of the respective policies and the policy instruments used. The thesis largely follows the logic of comparing the different approaches to the main energy sources (nuclear, renewable, natural gas) and in part also deals with other important phenomena: CCS and EU ETS. The choice of relevant indicators and the evaluation of trends is an integral part of the thesis. The secondary goal is to attempt an evaluation of the individual instruments and policies. Among the conclusions, the following stands out: 1/ the relative success of the German nuclear phaseout as concerns supply security and the simultaneous risks it brings concerning the total emissions from energy; 2/ the relative...

The master's thesis Multi-level governance in the field of renewable energy: the case of Brittany focuses on the development of renewable energies in the French region of Brittany. The theoretical approach is based on the distinction of two types of multi-level governance developer by Hooghe and Marks. The thesis aims to investigate whether these two types can be found in the case of Brittany. Changes in the position of the region on the energy field caused by the process of energy transition are also addressed. The development of energy policy at the European level is described since it has decisive influence on the renewable energy sources. The EU set binding targets through its Climate and Energy Package which are then transposed to the national level. The thesis continues by investigating the role of the French regions in the field of renewable energy and comes to the conclusion that the regions have been empowered through the process of energy transition. Regions are actively involved in the development of renewable energy as is shown in the case of Brittany; nevertheless, they are still dependent on the decisions taken at the national level.

This master thesis is focused on energy policy of European Union that with arrival of new president of European Commission Jean-Clause Juncker in fall 2014 gains new dynamics. Its objective is critically evaluate ability of new energy policy in shape of Energy Union overcome difficulties that previous energy policy struggled with during realization of internal energy market.

The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyze the efficiency of solar energy support in the Czech Republic in 2006-2016. The paper shows the progressive development of photovoltaics, including economic and political impacts. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the position of the Czech Republic in the Europe 2020 program in terms of increasing the representation of renewable resources. The aim of the thesis is to find out whether there are negative externalities in supporting solar energy. In the theoretical part, the work is first devoted to the Czech Republic's energy sector, including renewable resources, energy policy and then to the development of the photovoltaic system. The practical part evaluates the efficiency of solar energy support in the Czech Republic in the chosen period. Support for solar energy seems to be economically inefficient both for the construction of large or small systems. The next part shows that the Czech Republic fulfills the criteria set by Europe 2020. The benefit of the thesis is the evaluation that solar energy support is not effective and causes negative externalities.

Discussion of socio-geographic aspects of renewable energy sources in Czechia Abstract Modern society is completely dependent on electricity supplies in every aspect of life and the economy. The task of every developed country is protection and ensuring sufficient energy in the required quality. Otherwise, the lack or interruption of supply may paralyze the country's life and economy. The current energy problem lies on the fact that it is based on non-renewable energy sources with limited quantity. In addition, they have a negative impact on the environment. Renewable energy sources also provide limited solutions to the situation. This bachelor's thesis therefore analyses the assumptions, possibilities and potential of the development of renewable sources in Czech electricity, in relation to the energy position, environment, electricity, society and economy. The aim of the thesis is critical evaluation of the pros and cons of the implementation of alternative energy sources in the energy mix. Key words: renewable energy sources, alternative sources of energy, energy mix, solar energy, wind energy, water energy

The thesis analyses the state of the United Kingdom's climate policies and it particularly focuses on the question, how these policies are determined by its institutional system, that is majoritarian democracy. Theoretically majoritarian democracies generally have a weaker record in the environmental policy and the thesis aims to research, if and how the features of majoritarian democracies in reality influence the policy outcomes. The thesis focuses on the two party system, that often produces adversary and inconsistent politics and the pluralist system of the interest groups that tends to give better possibilities to the economically powerful actors such as business and energy groups. The base for the analysis will be the climate policies during the last twenty years and the performance and general discours of two main governing parties. Thesis also takes a closer look on the cases of Climate Change Act and Energy Act 2015 and their ability of the interest groups to achieve their goals. The thesis concludes that the combination of the institutional system with the low salience of the topic for the main parties poses significant obstacles and limitations to an active and progressive climate politics.

This thesis focuses on energy self-sufficiency of Visegrad countries in the Energy policy of the EU and their dependance on the main suppliers of energy sources, mainly Russian Federation, further more on the role and importance of the Visegrad Group in the energy policy of EU and their energy security.

Michalová, M. The Dutch disease in the Russian Federation. Bachelor thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 20016. This bachelor thesis is focused on the Dutch disease factor occurring in the Russian economy. The main objective is to analyse whether the Russian economy suffers from some of the Dutch disease assumptions based on the econometric model. The main data of each factor affecting the GDP since 2000 to 2014 will be assessed. The major sectors and effects will be explained based on economic theory and the Dutch disease model. The specific results of the individual factors will be examined as well as the evaluation of the particular situation in the Russian economy.

The work deals with the two German nuclear power phase-out plans (ie. Atomausstieg) conducted in 2002 and 2011. The aim is to compare the nuclear policies of the red-green (governed 1998-2005) and the black-yellow coalition (governed 2009-2013) in relation to the abandonment of nuclear power as an energy source and to find differences in the aspects of policies that these governments implemented. Comparison of elected political decisions of the government is examined on the basis of several criteria like the method which have been the applied on the abandonment of nuclear energy, the speed of the phase-out, the motivation for this step and short-term impacts of governmental policies in the field of nuclear energy on the structure of electricity production in Germany. In this work it was found that despite some differences, such as (non)cooperation with energy concerns, the motivation for the nuclear power phase-out, the speed of switching off of the nuclear power plants, or the legal implications, final form of a phase-out done by the black-yellow coalition is in its basic essence very similar to the original intention. This can be explained by Angela Merkel's emphasis on pragmatic way of conducting politics that leads to a prolonged centrist position and popular support of her party CDU/CSU.

On 11th March 2011 was Japan hit by tsunami, which caused among others the accident in nuclear energy station in Fukushima. This disaster has influenced the German energy policy a lot and this despite the fact that Japan is situated on the other side of the world. The real risks of nuclear power in Germany didn't change as well. This paper follows the changes of energy policy that were caused by the accident. Because of the long-term character of energy decisions, is it important to mention the period of red-green alliance, which was very essential. The paper concentrates on the years 2010 and 2011, when the most changes happened. The changes in nuclear sector and renewable sources sector are described more in detail. The aim of this paper is the qualitative description of these changes and the evaluation of their consequences and the overall impact on the German power industry. The nuclear disaster in Fukushima accelerated the development within the energy transition, which started in 2000. The changes were very fast and the biggest impact was caused in nuclear sector, which was the acceleration of nuclear phase out. In renewable sources sector was the effect minimal, the targets remained unchanged. The energy transition goes very well, despite some negative effects. In future would it be...

The aim of the thesis is to identify whether there is a consensus in the field of Energy-Economy Nexus literature. The used econometric methods serve to conduct the systematic review of empirical literature to investigate the presence of a significant evidence for any form of (Granger) causality and the prevailing type of the causality, with regard to the influence of multiple study characteristics, such as the geographic area, sample size, length of the study period, etc. Partial goal of the thesis is to review the factual relevance of the empirical literature for the policy makers. Notably whether the influential papers (as indicated by the number of citations) are also reflected, for example in the EU, US or OECD policy documents.

This master thesis examines how the Fukushima accident has affected the French energy policy and the impact on the perception of nuclear energy by policymakers, the public and energy companies. Nuclear energy does comprises three-quarters of the total electricity production in the country and thus forms the backbone of the energy mix in France. The study uses comparative analysis as a main approach, to compare public discourse of state actors (in particular the President, the Ministry of Energy and Nuclear Safety Agency) and the French energy companies before and after the accident from March 11, 2011. At the beginning, the study refers on the position of nuclear energy in the world, historical development of nuclear energy in France and its importance for the energy security of the country. It also describes the Fukushima accident and its immediate consequences on nuclear energy worldwide. In a research section it presents a summary of France's energy policy before the Fukushima accident, in which emphasis was placed on maintaining a high share of nuclear energy in the energy mix of the country. In the next part of the research is described the French energy policy after the accident and subsequently the prospect of possible change of energy strategy of France.

This bachelor thesis explores the history of energy policies since the Second World War and the success of its performance from years 2010 to 2015. The first part of this bechalor thesis explores the history and development of energy policy and the various communities during the previous six decades. The second part of this thesis contains an analysis of the economic situation in Europe and in main states in the field of energy resources, evaluation the reasons for planning Energy Union and analysis of success EU energy policies in the period 2010-2015 on the basis of three main energy documents: Europe 2020, Energy 2020 and Energy infrastructure priorities for 2020 and beyond: A Blueprint for an integrated European energy network. The main objective was to determine whether the objectives of these documents are still actually achievable from 2016 perspective. The thesis concludes that the majority of the three main energy documents fulfill the goals despite the EU energy policy, understood in a broader context than just these three documents, is definitely not in a perfect condition. The evidence is even the necessity to prepare a new Energy Union.

The aim of this work is a study of the current energy policy of the European Union. Current issues such as energy security and independence, increasing savings and reducing greenhouse gas emissions are particularly analyzed. EU has chosen a gradual transition to renewable energy sources as a possible solution for these problematic areas. This very process and its impact on the economy are also the subjects of this study. Energetics itself is a complex and difficult discipline, theoretical part, therefore, serves as the demarcation of the issue and specifically states the chosen direction of this work. It defines the important concepts, which are sustainable development and energy policy. In this part, I introduce the reader to my point of view and set individual targets whose solutions I expect in relation with the EU. The practical part is devoted to prove the validity of the main hypothesis. I have reached the conclusion that the EU really substitutes more and more fossil fuels with the alternative ones which is according to the set priorities of the energy safety and environmental protection the path towards sustainable energy development. I have chosen the analysis of macroeconomics indicators of unemployement and GDP to verify the statement that the developement of the renewable sources has a positive impact on the economy. However, according to the achievements, the sector of renewable energy sources has not a very strong influence to be able to affect significantly the monitored indicators in a long run. The conclusion of the practical part is devoted to the analysis of the energetic concept in the Czech Republic, identification of the main priorities and analysis of the position of the Czech Republic within the energy policy across the European Union.

The thesis will focus on outlooks of the Czech energy system, especially with respect to supply-demand balance and generation adequacy. The current situation in the electricity market will be used as a starting point for projections of future scenarios. The scenarios will look at possible issues and challenges as well as further developments that the Czech energy system will be facing in the near future. These problems and challenges can be defined as the mid-term and long-term ability to balance supply and demand for electricity in the Czech Republic. The increase in production of electricity from renewable resources and the subsequent loss of flexibility of power sources go hand in hand with adverse economic conditions, together worsening the overall risk in the electricity system. At the same time we must take into account changes in EU energy policy and its effect on member countries, such as the planned shutdown of nuclear power plants in Germany, increased taxation of carbon dioxide production, supported production of electricity from renewable resources, and integration of energy markets. We must consider the harmonization of methods that are used to evaluate the adequacy and security of a production portfolio, known as a generation adequacy, while meeting the requirements of the given system and...

This master thesis called "The German energy policy in the context of the foreign policy of the FRG" deals with the energy policy and its transfer abroad. The aim of this study is to answer the questions, whether Germany makes efforts to transfer its policy, whether the transfer occurs and, if so, what kind of actors are actively involved in it, what type of transfer it is and what is the result. The first part is dedicated to the theoretical frame of the topic, especially to the concept of policy transfer, which is the main theoretical pillar of this work. The second part deals with the formation of the German energy policy at the domestic level - with the historical and social context, the motives for eventual policy transfer and the attitudes of key actors: German government (with an emphasis on the Chancellor), political parties and industry. The next two chapters are devoted to the policy transfer on the bilateral level to the neighbouring Czech Republic and on the multilateral level to the European Union. It turns out that the roots of "Energiewende" can be found in the historical development of Germany and the main features of this policy have a consensual support of the key actors on the German level. Germany is a pioneer of a new energy policy model, whose success is however not yet...

The bachelor thesis focuses on the evaluation of Energy Relations between the European Union and Russian gas company Gazprom. The main objective is to examine common interests of the parties and causes of their conflicts. The first chapter is dedicated to the historical development of Gazprom and evaluation of its position on domestic and European markets. The chapter also provides information on the main pipelines connecting Europe and Russia, as well as on the european underground gas storage facilities utilized by Gazprom. The second chapter focuses on the legal and institutional aspects of relations between the EU and Russia and their approaches to the energy policy. With regard to the gathered information, the third chapter is devoted to the contradictions in relations between the EU and the Russian company, including lawsuits filed by the European energy companies against Gazprom and an antitrust investigation initiated by the European Commission in 2012.

This thesis is focused on the topic of electricity pricing in the European Union connected with the increasing use of renewable energy sources in electricity production and consumption. It provides background information related to the types of energy sources along with the summary of their advantages and disadvantages regarding both the environmental impact and financial costs. Furthermore, it involves fundamental global and European electricity production statistics and a summary of the European Union approach to the support of environment-friendly energy production methods. The core of the thesis is then the econometric panel data model (data collected from 13 member states of the European Union over the period between 2010 and 2013) analysing two relationships. First, the impact of the share of renewable energy sources in the final electricity production on the European consumer electricity prices. Second, whether the replacement of fossil fuels by renewable energy causes a significant decrease in the greenhouse gases (specifically carbon dioxide) emissions. In conclusion, this paper provides suggestions for further research based on the analyses included in it. JEL Classification H20, Q20, Q40, Q47, Q48, Q54 Keywords carbon dioxide emissions, electricity price, energy sources, renewable energy...

The series of political reforms in Myanmar, which started in November 2010, took place amid a strong alignment of interests among all regional powers in Southeast Asia. The reforms led to a limited democratization of the country and ended a long- lasting international isolation of Myanmar. Furthermore, they also had a great impact on Myanmar's foreign policy, because they gave rise to a great improvement of US- Myanmar relations, as well as its bilateral relations with India and Japan. However, they also caused problems for the Chinese strategic interests in the country. The purpose of this paper is to answer the following question: is the recent development in Myanmar going to lead to further cooperation or competition between the key regional powers? Myanmar has a great strategic importance in the context of the US's policy Pivot to Asia and Chinese strategic interests. Given to its abundance of natural resources and underdevelopment of infrastructure, it also has a great potential to develop into an energy and transportation hub, uniting the Indian subcontinent and connecting underdeveloped regions. Yet, the country suffers from mismanagement, internal conflicts and grave socioeconomic situation. Therefore, the internal political instability has large implications for the key regional powers and...

The goal of this thesis is to explain the current dynamical development of the energy policy of the EU with the focus on the gas sector. Furthermore, this work examines what role in that process plays the European Commission. Lastly, it seeks to ascertain whether the EU's energy policy has a real impact on the development of the gas markets of Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Lithuania. The first two questions are answered with the aid of John W. Kingdon's Multiple stream theory. The conclusion has it that the key role in the creation of the EU's energy policy was taken up by the European Commission, which can be described as the Kingdon's policy entrepreneur. As a true entrepreneur the Commission attempted to build the way for the creation of the single EU gas market, which would be based on sufficient cross-border infrastructure and diversified gas imports. Such a conclusion is supported by the Commission's activities leading to the adoption of important energy legislation, as the third energy package, and essential funds as were European Energy Programme for Recovery and the Connecting Europe Facility. Latter, this work looks into the third research question. On the case studies of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Lithuania it proves, that the outputs of the entrepreneur activities of the Commission...

Presented diploma thesis is disciplined interpretative case study, which examines bilateral relations in energy field between the Czech Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany in between 2004 - 2014. The thesis analyses intergovernmental relationship between the two actors using Andrew Moravcsik's Liberal Intergovernmentalist Approach theory. The aim of the diploma thesis is to define the character of such a relationship and its development throughout the defined period. To this goal, three hypotheses have been set. They focus on the asymmetry of mutual relations, impact of economic interests on their formation and on possible transfer of unsolved issues to the EU level. National interest is being defined throughout the strategic documents analysis. First chapter defines actors, who represent the state in mutual relations and advocate national preferences. Second chapter analyses bilateral contacts, the frequency of energy connected issues at the bilateral meetings and the shifts in the relationship. Third chapter examines the area of unplanned power flows from Germany to the Czech Republic as they represent the most pressing issue in bilateral energy relations. Mutual cooperation is assessed in the last part of the second and third chapter. In its conclusions, the diploma thesis verifies all presented...

The main aim of this bachelor's thesis is analysis of official energy policies of the Slovak Republic in the period of time from 1998 to the presence. The thesis is conducted in the spirit of methods of qualitative research, namely diachronic interpretative comparative study. The primary aim of the thesis is to analyse official strategic documents dealing with the energy policy in the examined time period. The paper deals with two research tasks. First task of the paper is to examine whether there is continuity among individual strategic documents, as well as whether there is continuity among the goals which are set within these documents. In other words, the aim is to find out whether these documents are knit together. The second aim is to find out to what extent where these goals set in strategic documents fulfilled in the reality. In other words, the paper aims to examine whether policies undertaken by the executive of the Slovak republic were in accordance with official energy policies.

The interdependence of the EU and Russia in the energy sector led to the establishment of "EU-Russia Energy Dialogue" in 2000. Since its formation the Dialogue had to face various external influences, including two Russia-Ukraine gas disputes in 2006 and 2009 during which the gas supplies to the EU were interrupted. The Bachelor's thesis examines, how the Dialogue answered to the consequences of the gas crises. Firstly this paper analyses the development of the Dialogue between 2000 and 2013, as well as the impacts of the two crises. The reactions of the Dialogue to the crises are presented by the comparison of the Dialogues work before and after they occurred. The author concludes that although there were some responses, EU and Russia didn't manage to sufficiently resolve the most challenging issues, including the ongoing problems with the transit states and the energy infrastructure security.

The main aim of the PhD thesis Perspektivy evropské energetické bezpečnosti v kontextu vývoje energetické politiky EU is to complement existing body of literature concerning with the evolution and characteristics of European energy policy. It attempts to add new dimension related to the influence of ideational and discursive factors on this policy. In order to explain the role of discourse in shaping the European energy policy into its current form, which is characterized by its segmentation into three distinct pillars - competitiveness, sustainability and security, the thesis applies the theoretical and analytical framework of discursive institutionalism. The thesis identifies an internal tension between component discourses, which prioritize different cognitive and normative ideas, to be one of the causes of incoherence and fragmentation of contemporary energy policy of the European Union. The main argument of this text is that three distinct discursive lines has been developed at the European level - liberalization-market, environmental and security lines. Nonetheless, these discourses are rather separate phenomena as they provide ideational frameworks often incompatible with each other due to the non-existent unifying elements. Building on different and often contradicting philosophical and...

The subject matter of the diploma thesis is to focus of natural resources of the Czech Republic and Ireland. Firstly, the renewable and non-renewable resources of both countries are mentioned, the politics and approaches are presented. Also the problems of (in) exhaustibility and environmental impacts are discussed. The aim is choose one commodity, based on outcome of multicriterial method used, and focus on this one commodity only, as the topic is very broad. The author analyses and compares the best alternative given for each country and also altogether. Subsequently, the topic is shortened on energy politics of alternative resources only. Lastly the author focuses on problematic of biomass, deals with the market in both countries, compares the options of individual alternative resource and gives conclusion and recommendation to both countries. Finally the future of alternative resources is presented and discussed.

Main purpose of this thesis is to give complex overview of energy policy development in Japan and to identify the impact of Fukushima accident on actual energy policy in Japan. Thesis is divided into five chapters. In the first chapter the emphasis is put on development in second half of 20th century in which were created foundations of Japanese energy policy. Second chapter is focused on analysis of energy policy during first decade of 21st century, when complex definition and structure of Japanese energy policy was established. In third chapter author addresses the impact of Fukushima accident on official energy policy of Japan. The emphasis is put on identification of main changes in government attitude to nuclear energy and its place in energy mix of the country. Fourth chapter involves analysis of influence of Fukushima accident on three pillars of Japanese energy policy -- economy, energy security and environment. In last chapter author studies reactions of other countries on events in Fukushima in context of nuclear energy. Thesis is closed by analysis of present trend in world nuclear energy.

The bachelor thesis deals with Germany's EU-policy focusing on the current Cabinet led by Angela Merkel. The determinants of the German EU-policy, in particular the historical role of the Federal Republic of Germany in the European integration process, the position and representation of Germany in the institutions of the EU and the institutional architecture of the EU-agenda in Germany, are briefly mentioned. Moreover, research is done on the general features of the current EU-policy, its legitimacy and three selected current topics -- the German policy in crisis, the German role in the current EU-multiannual financial framework negotiations and the German energy policy towards the EU.

This bachelor thesis deals with German energy policy and renewable energy sources in the period of 1990-2012. Ensuring of stable, regular and uninterrupted supply of energy is one of the most important parts of security of every modern state. The main objective of this thesis is to create a suitable frame for German energy policy and especially for policy of renewables using theory of Pavlína Springerová. This theory deals with nationalistic and pragmatic approaches to energy policy and Springerová formulated this theory in the context of research of energy policies in Latin America. In the beginning, both approaches are presented. Then the attention is devoted to energy mix of Germany, advantages and disadvantages of renewables for Germany, energy programs and laws between 1990 and 2012 and current situation in Germany. The last chapter tries to clarify German energy policy of renewable energy sources using Springerová`s theory of approaches to energy policy.

The thesis deals with the issue of energy security in geopolitically strategic region of South Caucasus. The focus is on analyzing the development of energy policy in the individual countries of the region since the collapse of the Soviet union. On this basis is determined the most important security challenge: Armenia. This challenge results from the need to counteract the influence of external actors in the region and to address long-standing regional conflicts that would contribute not only to the stability of the South Caucasus, but also help to fully realize the potential of the region as an important transit corridor for Caspian and Iranian energy resources.

The aim of the thesis is to determine why there are set wrong conditions of public expenditure programs to improve energy efficiency in the Czech Republic. The thesis analyzes conditions of funding and planning of specific projects funded by the Operational Environment program. The main criterion for evaluating projects is the consideration of energy efficiency. Methodologically, the research is based on an analysis of secondary data and the concept of cost-effectiveness. Based on the analysis, recommendations are made for changes in processes and parameterization of public expenditure programs in order to take account of higher energy efficiency criteria in the design and selection of supported projects, and thus be the energy efficiency target for 2020 by 20% could be achieved.

The diploma thesis aims to contribute to the clarification of the process of shaping new EU climate and energy policy and to describe European lobbying groups entering in the 2030 Climate and Energy Framework policy-making process. The thesis aims to assess influence and participation of selected lobbying groups in this policy-making process. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the theoretical aspects of energy policy, further it provides the definition of basic terms and description of the EU legislative process in terms of lobbying. The second chapter explains energy policy in the context of fight against climate change and defines this issue at international and European level. The last chapter of the thesis deals with the current policy-making process of the 2030 policy framework for climate and energy and specifically focuses on lobbying activities and the intensity of lobbying impact of selected political, governmental and social actors according to the classification of interest groups by Howlett and Ramesh.

The diploma thesis "Implementation of the European Directive on the energy performance of buildings in the Czech Republic" is a case study of the application of European law in the sector of efficient use of energy by the end user. This is a very complex issue, because the sector of energy policy is interdisciplinary theme, touching a wide range of actors and the strategies for energy policy are formed at different levels of governance. The degree of harmony of these strategies affect the success of the transposition of European law at the national level. Czech Republic has implemented the directive into national law through the amendment to the Energy Management Act. The new legislation follows the existing trend of increasing requirements on building energy standard and extends the use of certification in the real estate market as an instrument of consumer protection. The adoption of these measures means the interaction of public and private sector, where is a conflict of interests and values of individual actors. A significant degree of controversy has an impact on the success of the implementation.

As the diploma's thesis it was chosen the theoretical analysis of the geopolitical position of Russia. The primary objective of this study is the evaluation of current geopolitics of the Russian Federation after the collapse of Soviet Union and outlines its future development. This work tries to answer a few basic questions. What is the current geopolitical situation in Russia, in what direction it develops, and whether we can declare a major shift to any direction. The work is divided into several main parts. Introduction is followed by a theoretical grasp of key concepts and the main actors involved in geopolitics. The other two parts contain an analysis of the relationship of Russia to key actors such as the US and NATO, the EU, China, Ukraine, the near neighborhood in Central Asia and the Transcaucasia and geopolitics of oil and natural gas. The last is practical part, in which the information from the previous sections is applied to specific examples in Russian foreign policy. Keywords: Geopolitics, Russia, eurasianism, foreign policy, the US, the EU, China, Central Asia, Ukraine, NATO, energy policy, oil, natural gas

This bachelor thesis deals with the comparison of important aspects of energy policies of the USA and EU in relation to electricity and natural gas. It is divided in three part, where the first one offers an overview of energy capacities of the two regions with regard to the differences in natural, population and geopolitical conditions and describes ways of political and legislative development of the energy policies. Second part presents a theoretical concept of electricity and natural gas market liberalisation and explains implementation of respective legislation in EU and the USA. The third part of the thesis contains analysis of the impact of liberalisation and other factors on the price development on retail and wholesale markets. At the end is presented general information on the state of energy security in both regions and on the position of the renewable energy resources.

This final thesis addresses the issue of influence of energy policy on competitiveness of the Czech Republic. First part analyzes possible risks entailed by movements of prices of energy commodities on global markets. Subsequently, it offers specification of local resources, production and demand for such commodities and possible measures at disposal of the governmental bodies, which could be used to mitigate any negative impacts of adverse development on the market. Secondly, field of power engineering in the Czech Republic is focused on. Main local characteristics are offered and predictions based on respective strategic documents are evaluated with regard to final price of electricity. Lastly, issue of energy security is covered.

The aim of this thesis is to compare energy policy of chosen countries in terms of their access to nuclear power. In my thesis I have analysed the attitude of the member states of the EU to nuclear power and criteria, which influence them by decision making. For comparison, I chose four European Union countries - the Czech Republic, Germany, France and Great Britain, which have completely different attitude.

A Common European Energy Policy: Perspectives and Limits of Cooperation ABSTRACT (Jiří Kupka) The aim of the work is to assess the prospects and limits of cooperation in the area of European Union Energy Policy and it primarily from the perspective of the Member States. To this purpose, there is a research of an evolution of integration in the energy field (pointed contemporary development - i.e. mainly the last twelve years), approach of the European Commission and in particular there are attitudes and the energy policies of the two EU Member States - France and Germany. The whole work is divided into two main parts - a theoretical section and an empirical analysis. In the first part, the author seeks to define the terms "Energy security" and "Energy Policy" from the perspective of several authors. Subsequently, it is carried out the examination of the development of Energy policy of EU - the European Commission initiatives are researched in particular. Besides, it is examined and evaluated the current status of the implementation of the Union's actions (policy) - especially in area of the individual systems of energy markets of the aforementioned states.

JAPPEL, Ctibor. Energy Security of the United States of America. Praha, 2012. 74 s. Diplomová práce (Mgr.), Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut mezinárodních studií. Katedra amerických studií. Vedoucí diplomové práce PhDr. et Mgr. Kryštof Kozák, Ph. D. Abstract The thesis deals with the energy security of the United States of America at the beginning of the 21st century. The first part of the thesis identifies energy security as a relatively new concept in political discourse, whose meaning is not yet firmly defined. The goal of this part is therefore to refine the definition of energy security using an analysis of the content of relevant academic sources. The second part of the thesis focuses specifically on the situation of the United States of America. It identifies the challenges to energy security the country faces, mainly the high level of dependence on petroleum products, and provides an overview of available solutions. The third part is a case study that deals with the presidential election campaign of 2008. This campaign took place during a period of extremely high energy prices, and the energy security proposals made by the major candidates ...

This bachelor thesis compares the energy dependence of Slovakia and the Czech Republic and resulting implications for energy policy of both countries. The thesis presents the degree of dependence on energy sources and suppliers of energy to both Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The first chapter defines the term of energy dependence and energy security. Given that EU energy policy greatly influences the energy policies of their member countries, the first chapter also introduces the energy situation in the EU and its position in the world. The second and third chapters deal with the energy situation in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. These chapters introduce the energy policies of the Czech Republic and Slovakia, their dependence on energy resources and suppliers, and show the implications for their energy policies.

Práce se zaměřuje na podporu energie z fotovoltaických článků v České republice a výpočet nákladů plynoucích z podpory obnovitelných zdrojů energie. Česká republika se zavázala do roku 2020 zvýšit podíl obnovitelných zdrojů energie na spotřebě mezi lety 2010 a 2020 na 13 %. Tento nárůst nebude možný bez zvýšení nákladů, které budou především obsaženy v regulovaných složkách cen elektrické energie. Hlavním cílem autorů je tyto náklady odhadnout. Největší podíl příspěvku na obnovitelné zdroje bude spadat na podporu fotovoltaiky. Kumulované náklady obsažené v příspěvku na OZE, KVET a DZ přesáhnou 330 miliard korun v cenách roku 2010. Mimo samotného odhadu se práce zaměřuje na stručný popis fotovoltaického trhu v České republice a nástin jeho historického kontextu, potenciálu a budoucího vývoje. Práce shrnuje nejdůležitější prvky legislativy České republiky a Evropské unie. Samostatná analytická část je věnována analýze a výpočtu nákladů na podporu jednotlivých obnovitelných zdrojů včetně fotovoltaiky, kogenerace a druhotných zdrojů.

The thesis analyzes energy security in a group of countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the background of their relations with the Russian Federation. The first part defines energy security, then proceeds to a common energy policy of the European Union, analyzes the main problems and challenges and proposes possible solutions. The second part deals with energy dependency between the European Union and the Russian Federation, discusses Russian interests in the region and Russian energy policy. The last part of the thesis compares the energy policy of Slovakia, Czech Republic, Poland, Germany and Ukraine.

The bachelor thesis Prosazování energetického programu ČR během předsednictví ČR EU v první polovině roku 2009 ve stínu energetické krize na Ukrajině a pádu vlády ČR aims to briefly evaluate if the two chosen factors, the Russia-Ukraine gas crisis and the fall of the government of the Czech Republic on the 24th of March 2009, had any effect on the upholding of the energy policy of the Czech Republic during its Presidency of the European Union. The thesis is based on the analysis of the work programme of the Czech Republic that was published before the actual presidency, and its comparation to achieved outcomes with consideration of the designated affairs. Both chosen factors are closely linked to the ability of the Czech Republic to uphold its energy policy. But while the gas crisis was an interstate conflict which directly influenced the safety of the European Union countries, the fall of the government of the Czech Republic was a domestic outcome of a long-term problematic situation in the parliament after the elections in the year 2006.