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Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO Em meio às discussões da política energética, raramente a demanda é levada em consideração. Este artigo discute números referentes ao consumo doméstico de energia e visa contribuir para a formulação de políticas que entendam os diferentes efeitos e o que significa o acesso à energia para a população.

This paper reviews the process of adapting the Carbon Literacy for Museums Toolkit to develop a course specifically for the archive sector, Carbon Literacy for Archives, Records and Special Collections. This toolkit was launched to the sector in spring 2024. It discusses why carbon literacy (CL) is important, covering the benefits, co-benefits and what CL is. It examines the impact of carbon literacy training (CLT) on greenhouse gas emission and energy use reduction, and why CLT is so effective in generating the transformational behavioural change that is needed to create a sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the classic Z-source topology for DC power system protection, an area previously unexplored in such detail. Using OpenModelica simulations, the study offers valuable insights into the Z-source topology's behavior, protection mechanisms, and energy dissipation processes. It includes detailed diagrams, switching states, and explanations of operating principles, supported by waveforms illustrating energy flow through the Z-source components. The findings demonstrate that the Z-source breaker effectively handles fault conditions by disconnecting the source from the load almost instantaneously, within tens of microseconds. The simulations confirm the theoretical models, showing that the Z-source topology efficiently dissipates fault energy through inductors, capacitors, and resistors, thereby protecting sensitive equipment. This thorough analysis enhances understanding of the Z-source topology in DC power systems and establishes a solid foundation for future research and practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In seventh-century Byzantium, a prolonged and ardent debate arose concerning the sphere of operation and will in Christ, which became a major theological issue of the period. The problem and the theological debate evolved. The present article attempts to present the specificity of Monotheletism in terms of content and terminology, as well as examine its key thesis. The article discusses the relationship between the view on the unity of Christ's person and the belief in the unity of His will. The article also presents the reasons for maintaining a specific terminology by the Monotheletes and explains the essence of Monotheletism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gazdalkodas is the property of Herman Otto Intezet Nonprofit Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos Europeos de Deusto is the property of Universidad de Deusto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos Europeos de Deusto is the property of Universidad de Deusto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La promulgación de la Ley Nacional 26.197, conocida como "Ley Corta", tuvo como finalidad responder a una demanda recurrente entre los actores provinciales en las provincias productoras de hidrocarburos. La ley convirtió a las administraciones provinciales en autoridad de aplicación y fiscalización de la actividad hidrocarburífera. Sin embargo, no logró revertir la tendencia decreciente en la producción, al menos en la Provincia de Santa Cruz. El objetivo de este informe es analizar el impacto de la Ley Corta y sus derivaciones en la provincia, evaluando indicadores económicos y las consecuencias de la reforma en el sector. El análisis incluye la revisión de hitos institucionales, como la creación del Instituto de Energía de Santa Cruz y la Ley Provincial 3.117, que regula la extensión de concesiones. También se examinan los volúmenes de hidrocarburos extraídos, la inversión realizada, los pozos perforados y otros indicadores económicos relevantes. Los resultados muestran que, aunque la reforma facilitó cambios institucionales y la transferencia del dominio, no logró detener la disminución de la producción. Sin embargo, se observó una mejora en las condiciones de inversión y un aumento en el porcentaje de regalías que deben pagar las operadoras. En conclusión, la implementación de la Ley Corta ha generado cambios en el marco regulatorio que benefician a la provincia, pero no han sido suficientes para revertir la tendencia declinante en la actividad. Se subraya la importancia de un análisis profesionalizado continuo y la necesidad de políticas que incentiven la inversión y promuevan el uso eficiente de los recursos.

Il contributo si propone una prima ricognizione degli aspetti teorici e operativi sottesi all’approvazione della Proposta di direttiva UE 23 febbraio 2022 interrogandosi in particolare sull’impatto che tale provvedimento potrà avere sui modelli di produzione delle grandi imprese e sul c.d. contenzione climatico che già sta impegnando le aule dei tribunali. / 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑖𝑚𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐸𝑈 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑦 23, 2022, 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑦 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜-𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑦 𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑚𝑠.

El agua y la energía son en la actualidad dos recursos escasos y estratégicos. En constante imbricación, son, además, dos “bienes jurídicos” esenciales, necesitados de una atención prioritaria en los convergentes procesos de transición energética e hídrica. Esta interrelación se manifiesta, de un lado, en la ordenación de las necesidades energéticas dentro de los ciclos del agua y, de otro, en la propia valorización y producción energética a partir del agua. No existe, sin embargo, aún en contextos críticos de descarbonización y consecución de los objetivos de producción de energía renovable y de neutralidad climática, una regulación integrada de ambos elementos, que depende, de un lado, de los avances comunitarios y, de otro, de las escasas innovaciones sectoriales aprobadas internamente en los últimos años.

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Decree-law 3/2024, of February 6th, aims to simplify and rationalize administration in Andalusia in order to improve citizen relations and promote economic activity in the region. Measures will be implemented to improve regulation, transparency, and reduce administrative burdens. Additionally, the digital transformation of the Administration will be sought to streamline procedures and simplify relations with citizens and businesses. The decree also includes modifications in different sectors, such as the environment, environmental management, hunting and fishing, and ports in Andalusia, with the aim of simplifying administrative procedures and expediting processes. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Business Informatics / Informatyka Ekonomiczna is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economics & Environment / Ekonomia i Środowisko is the property of Fundacja Ekonomistow Srodowiska i Zasobow Naturalnych and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia is the property of Wydawnictwo SGGW and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Las propiedades de la imagen en los circuitos comunicacionales contemporáneos están cada vez más ligadas a un contexto material muy concreto, desde los combustibles fósiles de los que depende, los cables de fibra óptica y centros de datos que recorre a los propios dispositivos que la producen y reproducen. Mediante el término “imagen-energía” apelo a la finitud de aquello que, a pesar de ser intangible, tiene un impacto medioambiental muy concreto, para poder entender críticamente las complejidades que rodean hoy a lo visual; una imagen cada vez más acelerada, que ha roto con la linealidad de su producción para ser recombinada una y otra vez en luz, en electricidad, en calor; pero nunca desprendida de su herencia ideológica, colonial y capitalista.

El proyecto aquí presentado es una investigación artística que se encuentra en una fase prospectiva. Se desarrolla en el marco de la residencia artística de Investigación Situada convocada anualmente por Medialab Matadero (Madrid, España). “Urbanismo Fósil: hauntologías metabólicas y nuevas ecologías energéticas” estudia el papel jugado por los imaginarios sociales en diálogo con su metabolismo energético en el desarrollo de la arquitectura y el urbanismo moderno de Madrid. Realizará prospecciones de nuevas ecologías energéticas a través de la especulación y el ensayo de tecnologías como la inteligencia artificial en diálogo con la investigación de campo, teórica e histórica. Su planteamiento construye una doble arqueología de la imagen urbana y arquitectónica: pasado y futuro convergen en ella a través de la presencia y la ausencia. La hauntología metabólica se constituye como un modo de exploración de estos diálogos a través de lo fantasmagórico y sus modos narrativos. También plantea un camino hacia un materialismo de lo incorpóreo en la creación cultural y la descarbonización de los imaginarios y los afectos.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar novas evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna e invariância de sexo para a Escala de Vitalidade (EV). A amostra composta por 559 participantes, ambos os sexos, maiores de 18 anos (M = 34,6; DP = 12,6) respondeu ao questionário sociodemográfico e à EV. Os resultados da Análise Fatorial Exploratória indicaram estrutura unifatorial, bons índices de ajuste aos dados (RMSEA = 0,075, CFI = 0,988, TLI = 0,987) e cargas fatoriais acima de 0,50 para todos os itens, além de excelentes coeficientes de consistência interna (CC = 0,964, ω = 0,962, α = 0,944). A Análise Fatorial Confirmatória Multigrupos indicou a invariância do modelo de medida entre os sexos. Os resultados sugerem que a EV seja uma medida adequada para avaliar a vitalidade em adultos.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la percepción de los agricultores sobre el uso de fertilizantes en la producción agrícola del Valle del Cunas, Junín, Perú, abordando la dependencia de estos insumos para la productividad agrícola y los diversos factores que influyen en su uso. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo con el método hipotético deductivo de diseño no experimental y de corte transversal. La población fue de 250 agricultores del mismo subsector hídrico, seleccionando una muestra de 47 mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. La recolección de datos se realizó en dos etapas: entrevistas abiertas a 7 agricultores y un cuestionario a 40. Los resultados mostraron que los fertilizantes son cruciales, especialmente para cultivos como papa y maíz, con una notable preferencia por el fosfato diamónico (72.5 %), cloruro de potasio (57.5 %) y nitrato de amonio (37.5 %). Sin embargo, el 92.5 % de los agricultores enfrentan dificultades para adquirir fertilizantes, a pesar de un aumento del 70 % en su disponibilidad. La conclusión resalta la necesidad de políticas gubernamentales que mejoren la accesibilidad y distribución de fertilizantes, y apoyen específicamente a los agricultores de pequeña y mediana escala para asegurar un desarrollo agrícola sostenible en la región.

El medio ambiente y su protección suponen un reto mundial para el que, además, la Unión Europea precisa de herramientas que permitan realizar una eficaz gestión, tendente a alcanzar un objetivo delineado hace ya décadas, y que encuentra su punto de conexión con iniciativas más genéricas como One Health o Global Health, dimensionadas en el Plan de Acción de la Unión Europea: Contaminación cero para el aire, el agua y el suelo (adoptado en 2021). Teniendo presente esta línea de actuación, varias de las contribuciones de este número se centran en temas cruciales de actualidad y de gran preocupación para la Unión Europea. El reto que suponen los conflictos armados, también para el medio ambiente, se pone de relieve en el caso paradigmático que se vive en Ucrania, tras los acontecimientos acontecidos desde febrero de 2022, con la invasión por parte de Rusia. Las consecuencias de dicha guerra se han hecho patentes en la Unión Europea, prácticamente en todos los ámbitos, de los que no escapan la seguridad, la energía y también el medio ambiente, conformando un eje de materias conexas indisolublemente unidas. También, al hilo de los cambios necesarios que los objetivos a medio-largo plazo pretenden alcanzarse en la Unión Europea, la necesaria reevaluación y modernización de Directivas relacionadas con el medio ambiente es una realidad. El caso test de la regulación de la calidad de las aguas de baño en la Unión Europea constituye un ejemplo, que por nimio que pudiera parecer, alcanza enormes dimensiones de importancia económica y de salud, en este contexto regional europeo. Con el Convenio de Aarhus (sobre acceso a la información, participación del público en la toma de decisiones y acceso a la justicia en materia de medio ambiente) como telón de fondo y la idea de justicia climática, el rol de la Unión Europea en este escenario será igualmente objeto de atención. Todo ello, al hilo del Proyecto de Investigación MESESA, del que es Investigadora Principal la persona que suscribe estas líneas, resultado de las contribuciones de algunos de sus miembros y que conforman, entre otros trabajos, el presente volumen de Cuadernos Europeos.

Aunque la política medioambiental de la Unión Europea se consagrase en los tratados hace décadas, no ha sido hasta los últimos años en que la Unión Europea ha afrontado con seriedad y logros esta materia, constituyéndose en verdadero baluarte de la protección del medio ambiente, incluido el cambio climático. El medio ambiente está indisolublemente asociado a la cuestión de seguridad nacional e internacional. Esto ha sido ejemplificado con el conflicto bélico entre Rusia y Ucrania de 2021. También ha supuesto una serie de amenazas y oportunidades a la seguridad medioambiental y energética europea y ha evidenciado su impacto en la acción exterior de la Unión. Este trabajo analiza dichas amenazas y las repuestas ofrecidas para reflexionar sobre el verdadero efecto del conflicto en la Unión Europea. Recibido: 06 mayo 2024 Aceptado: 06 junio 2024

O trabalho analisa a trajetória do navio-usina Seapower e suas contribuições para memória técnica e científica do setor energético brasileiro. Modelo de produção energética pouco explorado em pesquisas, o objeto em questão possui uma fascinante epopeia: desenvolvido na década de 1940 nos Estados Unidos, o Seapower foi usado no abastecimento energético durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Após passagens por Europa e África chega ao Brasil na década de 1950, adquirido pela Brazilian Hydroeletric Company, batizado de Piraquê e fornecendo energia para regiões do Rio de Janeiro e Rio Grande do Sul. A partir da década de 1970 é levado para região Norte, para Manaus-AM e Belém-PA, sendo rebatizado de Poraquê, o peixe-elétrico da Amazônia. Após uma série de adaptações necessárias para seu uso, o navio seria desativado na década de 1980, tendo um triste fim ao tornar-se “quebra-ondas”, naufragado na orla de Cametá-PA, onde encontra-se até hoje. O mote documental é composto por diários de bordo, jornais, relatórios governamentais e fontes orais. Em diálogo com a bibliografia do setor a análise dessa trajetória contribui para tecermos considerações sobre nosso patrimônio energético, experiências técnicas e tecnológicas, acordos de cooperação internacionais, bem como para ampliar o campo de estudos da história da ciência e do setor energético, cujas lacunas e problemáticas ainda permeiam o campo de pesquisas.

El objetivo principal de este estudio es evaluar la rentabilidad y los riesgos asociados al portafolio del nexo agua, energía y alimentos (AEA) en el escenario pospandemia. Para ello, se empleó una metodología cuantitativa y trans- versal, basada en el análisis de una variedad de commodities que representan estos sectores, tales como bonos de agua de California; petróleo crudo Brent, gas natural, maíz, soja y café. El análisis se realizó mediante un algoritmo desarrollado en Python, enfocado en evaluar la rentabilidad, el riesgo del portafolio y la Frontera de Eficiencia de Markowitz. Los resultados mostraron que, aunque existen oportunidades de rentabilidad en el portafolio del nexo AEA, también se presentan riesgos significativos para la obtención de dicha rentabilidad. Un hallazgo clave del es- tudio es que, a pesar de la creciente demanda de recursos eficientes y sostenibles, la inversión en estos sectores requiere una gestión estratégica y considerada. Se sugiere la necesidad de una cuidadosa selección y diversifi- cación del portafolio, alineando las inversiones con principios de sostenibilidad para garantizar su viabilidad a largo plazo. El estudio concluye destacando la importancia de desarrollar modelos predictivos más robustos y aboga por investigaciones futuras para un análisis más integral de las dinámicas entre agua, energía y alimentos y su impacto en los mercados financieros.

El secado del maíz permite reducir el contenido de humedad presente en el grano a niveles que permitan un almacenamiento seguro. El objetivo de esta investigación permite analizar los sistemas de secado de maíz empleados en el Cantón Quevedo, Provincia de Los Ríos. Para alcanzar nuestro objetivo se realizaron visitas de campo en la zona objeto de estudio, por lo que se consideraron factores relacionados con la tecnología empleada y período de cosecha de maíz, características de la región costera del Ecuador. Se determinó que el secado estacionario o de lecho fijo es el sistema de secado ampliamente empleado para el secado de maíz, el cual emplea como combustible el gas licuado de petróleo subsidiado para su funcionamiento. La humedad de recibo de maíz en las plantas de secado presenta niveles de humedad por encima del 30 %, en los dos periodos de cosecha del producto, situación que repercute en los tiempos de proceso y en la calidad del producto. La demanda de combustible para secar una masa promedio de producto, 60,2 Ton, entre el primer período de cosecha que va de Marzo – Junio, y el segundo período, Septiembre – Noviembre, presenta una diferencia de 300,77 Kg de GLP con relación a la primera cosecha, siendo la humedad de recibo un factor clave a tomar en cuenta.

This article analyzes energy relations in the area encompassed by Russia, the EU, and their "common neighborhood" composed of Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova through the lens of the interaction and tension between regionalism and regionalization. It investigates how the interaction between these two processes is reflected on the ground, and how the friction between institutionalized, from‐above integration ("regionalism") may clash with the more bottom‐up process involving the "making" of regions through day‐to‐day infrastructural and production‐chain links ("regionalization"). Based on an analysis of trans‐regional production chains in the oil, natural gas, and electricity sectors, it hypothesizes that the competitive energy regionalisms we are observing in the EU‐Russia neighborhood (exemplified by the EU‐led European Energy Community and the Russia‐led Eurasian Economic Union mismatch with the underlying flows and production chains, with important economic and political implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low access, unreliable supply, and high‐cost electricity have hampered many African states' ability to grow their economies. Even high‐income states, like South Africa, are increasingly challenged to provide reliable electricity. To help address this shortfall, African states belong to five regional power pools: organizations that link together electricity grids of member states and create markets to buy and sell electricity across borders. Scholar have given scant attention to these power pools, and none have explored the politics behind their creation and maintenance. The path dependence framework reveals that the configuration of the power pools is directly related to the end of colonialism and the subsequent creation of regional organizations formed in the 1960's. Applying the comparative regionalism framework, I find the principal drivers for adding electricity to pre‐existing organizations fall into three categories: development interests (donor states and development banks), mining companies, and some African states, especially South Africa and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Using organizations designed for other means might be hampering the region's ability to improve energy security, standards of living, and climate change goals. Donors and power pool members should consider investing more heavily in bilateral rather than regional organizations and in decentralized or distributed electricity systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the role of energy in regionalization processes, assessing the case of natural gas finds in the Eastern Mediterranean (East Med). It makes three observations. First, we show that energy resources are a defining factor in shaping a region by rearranging the interactions and networks of actors involved in regionalization processes. Second, we demonstrate that such "energization" processes are not only—and not even primarily—attributable to security practices pursued by state actors. Regionalization underpinned by energy as the key governance object is characterized by a variety of actors, including governments, but also international energy companies, investors, consumers, and regulators. Third, we posit that regionalization processes cannot be fully understood without appreciating the importance of existing global and regional governance frameworks and the values ascribed to the physical resource by international market forces. The findings call on International Relations to go beyond analyzing the East Med energy region through the prism of security studies, which arguably is a function of both theoretical path dependence and a lack of attention to the insights from energy studies. Instead, a multidisciplinary research agenda promises to strengthen academic inquiry into regionalization dynamics in the East Med and the role of regions in world politics more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutrients acquired by ducks on spring migratory stopover areas influence survival and subsequent reproduction. Accordingly, wetland loss and degradation on stopover areas can lead to reduced refueling efficiency and have demographic consequences. Lipid metabolite concentrations in blood provide a useful index of daily mass change in wild birds and can be used to make inferences about quality of stopover areas for refueling. We experimentally validated a model that uses lipid metabolites to predict daily mass change, and then we used those predictions to make inferences about foraging habitat quality for Canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) at important stopover sites of the upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers, USA. We measured plasma lipid metabolites and daily mass change of 60 wild Canvasbacks held in short-term captivity and subjected to feeding and fasting treatments. Respectively, triglyceride and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were positively and negatively related to mass change (R² = 0.58). On average, Canvasbacks collected experimentally across our study area had positive index values indicating sufficient forage resources to allow energy acquisition. However, predicted daily mass increases were greater at more northerly pools of the Mississippi River (Pools 7--8 and 13) compared to more southerly locations (Pool 19 of the Mississippi River and the Illinois River Valley), which was likely due, in part, to more abundant submerged aquatic vegetation at more northerly pools. Our results affirm that lipid metabolites are useful predictors of daily mass change that in turn can provide inferences about habitat quality. Lower daily mass increases of Canvasbacks at Pool 19 are concerning because that area is considered a critically important spring stopover area for migratory diving ducks. Considering the challenges of managing large rivers for multiple uses, targeting restoration of wetlands isolated or isolatable from river systems could provide stopover areas with necessary forage for optimal mass gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing trend of nation states invoking national security and emergency declarations to build state‐sponsored infrastructure projects for border defense, energy production, and transportation. Established laws, regulations, and agreements for the protection of nature and cultural heritage within and between countries are becoming secondary to national security, compromising the function of protected areas, such as national parks, wilderness areas, and biosphere reserves that safeguard biodiversity, climate, and human health. We considered cases where decades‐long multinational cross‐border endangered species recovery programs have been jeopardized by waivers of environmental protection laws to facilitate rapid construction of border barriers that impede the movement and migration of animals, such as at the US–Mexico and Poland–Belarus borders. Renewable energy megaprojects, such as the Pinacate solar plant in Mexico, coupled with power transmission lines and road networks likewise cast a large footprint on the land and are being carried out with minimal to no environmental compliance under the guise of national security. National sovereignty likewise has been used as justification for bypassing laws to proceed with similar projects, such as Mexico's Dos Bocas refinery and Poland's Vistula Spit canal. Emphasis on security is also apparent in increasing military expenditure by the world's largest economies, which has created a mismatch with improvement in environmental policy stringency. Decisions to prioritize security can undermine democratic principles and environmental review protocols, trivialize humanity's dependence on functioning ecosystems, and contradict the United Nation's resolution on the human right to a healthy environment. Framing infrastructure projects as matters of national security also foments civil and political unrest by the labeling and casting of dissenters, including conservation scientists and environmental defenders, as antinational. World leaders must refrain from misusing extraordinary powers, adhere to laws and international agreements, and consult experts and local people before taking unilateral action on projects that affect ecological and human communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the debates and controversies that emerge around the possibility of natural gas serving as a bridge fuel in a global context of energy transition. We consider here both the problems related to greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the territorial impacts of the megaprojects that are required for their production. In particular, we will problematize these issues regarding the extraction of unconventional hydrocarbons in Vaca Muerta, a geological formation located in the North Patagonian area of Argentina. In a context marked by the worsening of the socio-ecological crisis, we propose to reflect on the existing national expectation around these fossil resources to satisfy the demand of the internal market and strengthen exports. The work is the result of an investigation carried out with a qualitative orientation, favoring the analysis of secondary sources, documents, reports, public statements by relevant actors, specialized bibliography on the problem, and field observations carried out between 2019 and 2021 in the province of Neuquén. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refrigeration has become an integral part of our daily lives and can be regarded as a process whose replacement is nearly impossible. Therefore, the only way of making this process efficient is by reducing the energy consumed by the components of refrigerators. One way of doing this is to reduce the power consumption of compressor by the addition of nanoparticles either in a refrigerant or in a lubricant. This study focusses on producing nanolubricant (Al2O3/Synthetic lubricant) and dispersing the nanolubricant into R-134a compressor. This study investigates that how much power can be reduced when Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles dispersed in SL-32 lubricant (base fluid). A comparison between SL-32 lubricant with and without the addition of Aluminum oxide nanoparticles was done and it showed a reduction of 0.913% in current consumption and 2.74% in power at the same initial temperature of 31°C in both cases. Hence it can be concluded that Alumina nanoparticles can be utilized to reduce the energy utilized by compressors by creating a nanolubricant with SL-32 lubricant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into the spread of gas in Latin Europe shortly before the First World War. It utilizes the "Annuaire général de l'industrie de l'éclairage et du chauffage par le gaz" from the year 1910 as its primary source, which provides details on the locations in various European countries, including those that make up Latin Europe (France, Spain, Italy, and Portugal), that had access to gas. The study examines regional contrasts in the network's expansion, categorizing the localities with gas access by population size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policy makers in the modern age must confront complex and expanding knowledge on a daily basis. It has been put forth that policy making requires increasingly higher levels of policy analytical capacity at the individual, organizational, and system levels. Analytical capacity can enable better policy design and facilitate policy learning. Previous studies mostly operationalized the concept at the individual or organizational level with survey instruments, but the lack of widely and regularly conducted surveys limits the applicability of this method. Here, we propose new indicators of policy analytical capacity at the system level, using publicly available data. Our metrics are based on the outputs such as academic journal publications, government and stakeholder publications, and think‐tank rankings. As an illustration, we apply this approach to the case of renewable energy policies in three countries: Germany, Japan, and the United States. Though each of the underlying metrics is susceptible to uncertainties and biases, a totality of the indicators presents a useful, proxy measurement of policy analytical capacity. The proposed approach can supplement the survey method by enabling longitudinal and geographical investigation into policy analytical capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a world market that is around 4,2 (1012) US$/year (3 Mton/year) and a growing projection of use, butanol is a compound that has more advantages as biofuel, than ethanol. Using the strategy of bibliometric analysis, this work looks to generate an integral vision of the determining research aspects concerning butanol through the combination of different keywords related to it. The databases used for the study, where those available in Scopus and Web of Science platforms, related to butanol in the VOSViewer during the period 1984-2020 and the first semester of 2021. It was also found that butanol production from lignocellulosic material does not yet show good yields and process intensification for an economically and environmentally acceptable biorefinery concept. Deficiencies in fermentation are a *Proyecto investigación origen: Becas Crédito-Condonable Formación Doctoral "Bicentenario"- Corte 1 (2020-2024). Financiación Beca Doctoral, Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Inovación-Convenio Colfuturo (2020). Colombia. Ejecución: Universidad del Valle; Grupo de investigación en Biocombustibles y Biorrefinerías GRUBIOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the evolution of Iraq‐South Korea relations since the late 1970s. It relies on Iraq's and South Korea's governmental platforms, local media outlets, and databases such as the Korea Statistical Information Service and the Observatory of Economic Complexity. This article argues that while in the 1970s both countries had economic rapport, bilateral economic diplomacy between both countries began in the 1980s, faced challenges in the 1990s and was revived by 2003. In the 1970s, the relationship was focused on trade and infrastructure. By the 1980s, official diplomatic and bilateral relations took shape, resulting in increased trade and South Korea energy ventures in Iraq. By the 1990s relations were dormant due to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait and the UN sanctions. In 2003, the diplomatic relationship was revived and further enhanced. These include energy, trade, infrastructure, and South Korea's humanitarian, military, and industrial assistance to Iraq. The post‐2003 phase shows the expansion of ties between both countries including the Kurdistan Regional Government. Bilateral economic diplomacy between South Korea and Iraq has not been without political and security challenges, particularly concerning Iraq's political stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present case study analyzes the relationship between the consumption of energy and the productions of the industrial sector for the agricultural sector, specifically those destined for AZCUBA. In this case, the manufacture of electric motors where the behavior of the currently established indicators is considered, taking into account the existing technology in the entity. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate that through an improvement in the energy management system, favorable impacts can be obtained both in the reduction of the physical consumption of energy and in the expenses associated with them. The importance of maintenance is considered in the course of work. The analyze methods are embodied in the Total and Efficient Energy Management Technology, a widely applicable work tool. The historical information on the consumption of the energy sources is used as a basis to establish the control of the energy involved in the production. In this case, emphasis is placed on the behavior of electric power, which is predominant in the energy structure of the entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Argentina, within the framework of the energy transition, transformations to diversify the energy production matrix are promoted. This article explores, through the collection of secondary data, innovative experiences that give new meaning to energy projects from different sources on productive, cultural, touristic and environmental enhancement. To analyze the gathered experiences, the data was produced from the following categories: local initiatives, public-private management and socio-technical changes. The results yielded links with educational, productive, tourist and/or environmental scenarios. Likewise, it is inferred that the enhancement of energy heritage contributes to give visibility to strategic resources and systems for the well-being of populations and territorial dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article focuses on the utilization of forest biomass in Galicia, Spain particularly through the implementation of innovative processes by Greenalia. It discusses the extraction, collection, and processing of residual forest biomass for energy generation, highlighting the technological advancements and digitalization efforts involved in the management and logistics of biomass production.

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