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E-learning has become an emerging approach to delivering knowledge and information to students. It presents significant challenges to sharing and understanding learners' knowledge, inquiries, interest, and needs. Educational organizations are expected to apply the appropriate practice to address knowledge-sharing challenges in the e-learning environment. In this study, through a systematic literature review, we intend to identify and synthesize knowledge-sharing challenges and practices as well as classify the most discussed challenges and practices in various contextual settings. The findings classify the knowledge-sharing challenges and practices in e-learning from four perspectives: organization, individual, knowledge and technology. This study aims to build a knowledge base to support future research and effective knowledge-sharing practices in the e-learning environment.

In this paper, we describe a teaching scenario using a virtual environment (known also in the context of the 'metaverse'). This is motivated by the challenges that arise during the pandemic. More and more teaching scenarios are transferred to online learning settings, which allow learning at any time and at any time. One of the possibilities are virtual 3D environment. These allow more intensive immersion than for example video conferences. Furthermore, they offer new didactic concepts, for example, for group activities. The benefit of using virtual 3D environments we demonstrate by a concrete learning scenario: the simulation of robot programming. A further advantage when using virtual 3D environments are personal assistants (conversational/ pedagogical agents), for example, to the ease the work load borne by teachers; meanwhile, this works well also with natural language due to advantage stage of artificial intelligence implementations.

Education is a pivotal pillar in modern society, and technology has brought about major changes in how students learn. Online learning is becoming an increasingly popular form of education, especially since the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic broke out. However, the challenge of maintaining student engagement and motivation in online learning environments remains a concern for many educators. This is where the concept of gamification erupts as an innovative solution to this problem. This study aimed to examine the effect of case and project-based gamification models on student engagement and academic achievement in online learning in tertiary institutions. Quasi-experimental post-test only non-equivalent control group design was chosen as the method of this research. The subjects of this study were 117 students from Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. The instrument used to measure student engagement was a questionnaire developed by researchers with reference to the online student engagement (OSE) indicator; meanwhile, an objective test was to assess student academic achievement. The data were analyzed using a one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) technique. The study results show significant differences in student engagement and academic achievement between groups of students taught using case and project-based gamification models and direct e-learning models. Case and project-based gamification models used in online learning were effective in increasing student engagement and student academic achievement.

Online Arabic learning presents several challenges, one of which is the ineffective utilization of learning media. This study aims to describe the tendency of Arabic learners through the Dars Arabi YouTube channel video media and the relationship between the learner's propensity and the variables of gender, age, and educational background of Dars Arabi channel users. This study uses a descriptive statistical method. The sample selection was taken randomly from as many as 160 people from a population of around 17,800 YouTube channel subscribers. This study's findings indicate that the tendency of online Arabic learners is at a moderately average level. This study also shows no statistically significant difference between trends in YouTube channel users and the variables of gender, educational background, and users' age. This study's conclusion shows the importance of using YouTube media to learn Arabic with content that is fun and can be enjoyed by all groups of society in a relaxed manner.

Online learning is a growing trend in education during the corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the difficulties that online majors in non-English languages have when attempting to acquire English. The subject of this study involved using the questionnaire method for as many as 412 students and interviewing 15 students with a total of 17 questions. The results of this study indicate that there are several challenges faced by students during online learning; i) less familiarity with online learning as shown by 31% of students agreeing that online learning is a new learning method, ii) psychologically 30% of students choose strongly agree that they have limited opportunities to interact directly and freely with lecturers as well as with students, iii) limited facilities and infrastructure as much as 28% agree that the budget is limited to get quota or internet credit, and iv) limited internet access as many as 35% of students do not have good internet coverage to take online lectures. The findings of this study should be a reference for English lecturers to continue learning to innovate in providing online English learning by considering the existing challenges.

Education in automotive vocational high schools faces challenges in improving the quality of learning. This article discusses efforts to improve the quality of learning in automotive vocational schools through the implementation of electronic teaching materials. The implementation of technology in learning is an important solution in today's digital era. This article describes the advantages of using electronic teaching materials, such as flexibility, accessibility, and ease of content updates. This research involves collaboration between teachers, students, and technology experts to create relevant and interesting teaching materials. In addition, electronic teaching materials allow for more personalized learning adaptations, assist students with special needs, and facilitate distance learning. The results show that the implementation of electronic teaching materials in automotive vocational schools has a positive impact on learning, increasing students' motivation, expanding their knowledge, preparing students to enter the industrial world, and improving practical skills in the automotive field. Teachers also reported increased efficiency in the teaching process. The level of practicality of using electronic teaching materials reached 86.5%, with responses indicating that electronic teaching materials are very helpful in the learning.

Implementing ICT education in elementary schools in the industrial era 4.0 is urgent. Several studies have explored ICT education in elementary schools, but few studies with systematic literature reviews remain. This article presents a literature review for 2019-2023 regarding ICT education in elementary schools. The Systematic Review Literature method and PRISMA protocol use Publish or Perish 7, VOSviewer, and NVIVO 12 Plus. The search results for Scopus articles contained 812, which were then filtered according to the theme to 61 for the study. The 61 articles were analyzed according to topic via NVIVO 12 Plus, and the results were described according to the research questions. ICT education in elementary school is a form of technology in learning to send, process, create, share, display, store, and exchange information. The characteristics of ICT education in elementary schools are ICT for online learning, communication interaction, digital media, software, inclusive, real-time, TPACK-based, and making students independent. The implementation of ICT education in elementary schools is carried out in learning, digital-based projects, curriculum, tools, and learning materials for Mathematics and language in elementary schools, which are supported by teachers' digital competence. Future researchers must study ICT education in elementary schools according to technological developments.

The study delves into the behavioral shifts observed in "digital students" transitioning from distance to onsite learning during the Generation Z era, influenced significantly by the disruptive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Technological advancements have reshaped students' perspectives, rendering educational and organizational engagements more accessible via platforms like video conferencing. However, the return to onsite learning has prompted a notable culture shock, leading to heightened levels of stress and anxiety among digital students. This research aims to examine the psychological ramifications of stress and anxiety on post-pandemic student attitudes toward extracurricular organizational intention. Employing the depression anxiety stress scale (DASS-42) and conducting multiple linear regression analysis on a sample of 420 respondents, the study reveals a significant negative impact of stress level (-35.6%) on students' intentions to engage in organizational activities. Additionally, anxiety levels contribute to a variation of -6.8%. These findings underscore the intricate relationship between psychological factors and student participation, underscoring the imperative to address stress and anxiety to foster robust involvement in campus organizational endeavors.

The objective of this study is to ascertain the impact of interactive videos on web-based courses on students' technology proficiency and digital literacy levels, as well as their perceptions of this approach. To achieve this objective, the study was conducted using quasi-experimental designs, which are a type of quantitative research approach. The research group was selected using the convenience sampling method. The quantitative data gathered with the aid of data collection instruments were analyzed using dependent and independent samples t-tests. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The study's findings revealed a significant difference between the technology proficiency and digital literacy pre-test and post-test scores of the students in the experimental group. Furthermore, the findings indicated a significant difference between the technology proficiency and digital literacy scores of the groups, with the experimental group exhibiting superior performance. The results demonstrated that the use of interactive videos in web-based lessons can enhance students' technology proficiency and digital literacy levels. Therefore, the findings and results of the study will make a significant contribution to the field.

Purpose: This study aimed to conduct a needs analysis for developing the ethnomathematics e-module based on Sundanese Gamelan to facilitate mathematics learning in junior high school. Specifically, this study identified crucial components for module development and to gather feedback from both students and teachers regarding the learning material. Methodology: The Research and Development (R&D) method was used, specifically the Plomp model, to create e-module for mathematics learning. Qualitative data were collected from ethnomathematics experts, a mathematics teacher, and five students via purposive sampling. The instruments used for this data collection included expert validation sheets, student interview recordings, teacher questionnaires, and small group observations. Findings: The results indicated that the integration of Sundanese Gamelan ethnomathematics into junior high school mathematics e-module significantly improved students' understanding and interest in the subject. This culturally infused approach increased students' motivation and engagement, indicating a potential shift towards more inclusive and culturally responsive educational practices. Significance: The integration of Sundanese Gamelan ethnomathematics into mathematics curriculum is known for the unique blend of cultural elements with academic content, contributing to enhanced students' understanding and cultural awareness. In addition, this method offered benefits for students, teachers, curriculum developers, and ethnomathematics researchers, presenting a holistic model that combined educational innovation with cultural appreciation.

The omnipresence of digital teaching is becoming evident along with technological advancement. Hence, teachers' acquaintance with their pedagogical skills requires refinement to improve their professionalism and stay relevant. Yet, there is limited, profound research available that has discussed this issue and highlighted its shortcomings. This article aims to write a systematic literature review (SLR) on past studies related to primary school teachers' pedagogical skills in digital teaching. The SLR methodology conforms to PRISMA writing standards, including identification, screening, eligibility, evaluation, data extraction, and analysis. Three databases, namely Web of Science, Scopus, and ERIC, were used to source relevant articles. 25 out of 324 initial articles were selected for review with three overarching themes: (i) approaches, (ii) methods, and (iii) digital teaching techniques. Subthemes under 'approaches' include general, 21st century learning, digital, and digital integration. Sub-themes under methods include thinking-oriented, physically oriented/kinesthetic, digitally oriented, a combination of thinking and digital, grouping, and guidance-oriented. Sub-themes under 'techniques' include the development of digital resources, the application of digital resources, and digital-based activities. The study's implications serve as a guide for teachers in planning and implementing digital teaching with maximum impact on their students' learning experiences.

The objectives of this research were to: 1) develop online lessons with the Google Classroom application on computer system operation for secondary 2 (Grade 8) students; 2) study pre-test and post-test academic achievement; and 3) study the students' satisfaction with the online lessons with the Google Classroom application on computer system operation for secondary 2 (Grade 8) students. The sample consisted of 20 students from secondary 2 (Grade 8) studying computational science at Sappasamit Bamrung Municipal School. They were selected for purposive sampling. The research instruments consisted of online lessons with the Google Classroom application, a quality evaluation guide towards media and content achievement tests, and evaluation forms of students' satisfaction. The data analysis statistics were the standard deviation and dependent sample t-tests. The research results indicated that: 1) the online lessons with the Google Classroom application on computer system operations had the quality of media at an excellent level with an average of 4.58, quality of contents with an average of 4.55, and efficiency criterion of 82/81. 2) The students had an average pre-test score of 17.40, while the satisfaction of students towards online lessons with Google Classroom application is at a high level." post-test was 24.35. The t-test analysis during and after learning was different at .05 statistically significant levels, and 3) students' satisfaction toward lessons with Google Classroom location at a high level of 4.49.

The use of virtual museums in cultural transfer is an interdisciplinary approach of significant importance. Virtual museums play a crucial role in cultural transfer by digitally preserving cultural heritage. This article examines the educational role of virtual museums as a key tool in cultural transfer, particularly in the context of representing Ottoman works in virtual museums. Museums, indispensable elements of cultural transfer and education in contemporary society, have gained the opportunity to reach wider audiences by transitioning into the digital realm. In this context, the representation of Ottoman works in virtual museums and its role in cultural transfer are highlighted. Virtual museums hold great educational potential. It is well recognized that the representation of Ottoman works in virtual museums has educational effects such as expanding learning environments, facilitating access to knowledge, and increasing cultural awareness. Therefore, the representation of Ottoman works in virtual museums, especially in the field of education, is addressed. This study evaluates the role of the representation of Ottoman works in virtual museums in cultural transfer and education, thus demonstrating the educational potential of virtual museums. The research illustrates that virtual museums serve as significant tools for the preservation and dissemination of cultural heritage, and the representation of Ottoman works in virtual museums contributes to this process. Using Ferdinand de Saussure's theory of signs, signifier, signified, this study examines the representation and educational role of Ottoman works in virtual museums.

The ability to interact or engage with the instructor, other students, and the content i.e., to experience online student engagement, is one main difference between traditional and digital media employed in teaching and learning processes. As literature on this topic in the Turkish context has proliferated, to date, virtually no systematic reviews of this research have been carried out in order to identify potential gaps in the literature. To address this issue, this study investigated previously conducted research in chronological order on student engagement at the post-secondary level in the Turkish context using a PRISMA-based systematic review screening process. The results show that online engagement research and practices have clearly increased and diversified over time. Specifically, online engagement research in the Turkish context has tended to focus on computer science students studying in online-only, LMS-supported environments where their behavioral engagement has been investigated quantitatively. Considering these findings, this systematic review suggests that future studies in the Turkish context should examine other fields besides computer science education, focus more on collaborative tools and the social dimension of engagement, use more qualitative methods, and investigate blended environments as well as online-only.

This research investigates the intercultural usability factor of e-learning products designed for the instruction of Turkish as a foreign language. The subject of study, "Ana Dil Turkce," refers to a freely accessible and distant education platform developed by Anadolu University with the purpose of instructing non-native speakers in the Turkish language. This study employed a concurrent mixed methods research design to investigate the intercultural usability of the "Ana Dil Turkce" e-learning system. The study incorporated a qualitative component through the utilization of a case study methodology, while a cross-sectional survey design was employed to address the quantitative part. The quantitative portion of the study employed descriptive methods, whereas the qualitative portion utilized content analysis methods. The qualitative component of the study involved the participation of 25 individuals who were active and registered users in the system during the period from 2020 to 2022. Additionally, the quantitative component of the study included the participation of 211 users. The quantitative portion of the study employed a questionnaire as a method of data collection, while the qualitative component utilized a semi-structured interview format. The study's conclusions were analyzed through the integration and juxtaposition of qualitative and quantitative data. The study yielded findings regarding the cultural appropriateness of the Ana Dil Turkce e-learning objects. The findings indicate that the cultural learning objects inside the e-learning system are deemed adequate, albeit requiring further development and enrichment.

This research study focuses on the growing concern of academic misconduct in distance education courses. A quasi-experimental study was conducted to measure the impact of introducing webcam recording software as an online supervision tool for high-stakes exams in two separate online courses (Management and Accounting). Results revealed that overall performance decreased following implementation of the software, and persisted after taking potential confounding factors into account. Additionally, the explanatory power of the regression analysis was higher for scores under supervision, which suggests that cheating was occurring before online supervision was introduced. It can be concluded from this study that online supervision is an effective tool to combat academic dishonesty in distance education courses.

It is imperative to use new technologies in a supportive manner to meet the learners' and teachers' demanding needs as educational environments change in the digital age. The continuous expansion of online learning and distance education opportunities responds to the demands of learners and teachers while pioneering the use of technology in education. One advancement in English language teaching and learning in online environments, which assists teachers in reducing their workload and providing students with instant digital feedback, is the automated writing evaluation (AWE) tools. To gain a deeper understanding of the potential and limitations of these digital tools, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of AWE feedback in error reduction in writing in English and the explore views of students regarding the utility of AWE tools. For this purpose, a total of 38 students at a university in Turkiye participated in the study, and three of their essays were evaluated. Within a concurrent triangulation mixed-method design, the changes in errors of the experimental group (n=18) receiving AWE feedback, and the control group (n=20) receiving teacher feedback were analyzed quantitatively, and the written reflection reports and semi-structured interviews conducted with the students were analyzed qualitatively. The results indicated that teacher feedback and AWE feedback were both effective in reducing errors in 11 categories. AWE feedback appeared to minimize errors in mechanics and usage more efficiently and teacher feedback was required more in content and organization issues. As a result, AWE was found as a complementary and effective tool supporting the improvement of target language writing skills saving time and energy for teachers. Furthermore, students expressed positive views regarding the use of AWE despite minor limitations. The findings of this study in general sheds light on using online digital tools of ubiquitous nature such as AWE to assist language improvement outside the class.

During attempts to prevent and control the COVID-19 pandemic in China, higher education programs shifted their traditional educational models to online models. This paper aimed to explore how Chinese universities organized online teaching and learning during the pandemic. It investigated the factors affecting the implementation of online teaching and provided policy recommendations for improving the quality of education in the post-pandemic period. The primary data for this study came from in-depth interviews with nine students and five teaching and administrative staff at eight major universities in mainland China. Literature was obtained in both English and Chinese from January 2020 to September 2021. Peer-reviewed journals, policy reports, and university documents regarding online education in Chinese universities were reviewed, and their challenges and countermeasures were investigated. The paper found that the implementation of online education was affected by various sources, including technologies, teachers' teaching skills, network information literacy, and students' learning motivations and self-directed learning skills. Based on the insiders' views, the paper suggested that to promote the quality of online education in the post-COVID-19 pandemic, higher education institutes and programs could develop their infrastructure construction, improve teachers' quality of teaching, and focus on students' learning motivations.

Implementation of online education pedagogy and practice has expanded rapidly at colleges and universities in recent years, most notably in response to COVID-19. This innovative teaching/learning modality provides benefits to both faculty and students through dynamic teaching/learning content, immense flexibility, and technological investments to support teaching and learning. Academic dishonesty in higher education is a persistent concern emphasized and extensively explored in traditional face-to-face courses, less so in online learning environments. The present work, drawing on a large sample of students and faculty (n=1,640) at a Midwestern university, employs an esurvey and both qualitative and quantitative responses on cheating behavior in the emergent area of online courses/online education. Results expose significant faculty and student disagreement and uncertainty about cheating behaviors in the online environment. Academic integrity is essential to fair and equitable high-quality higher education. The stakes are high to better understand the transformative shifts in academic dishonesty occurring in the online educational environment.

The motivation for conducting this study is to investigate the potential of Cloud e-learning to address the high-cost and high-complexity challenges of conventional learning methods for the upgraded learning processes in higher education. The overall direction of this research is driven towards how the actual usage of Cloud e-learning module affects students' perceptions and academic performance. A Cloud e-learning module is designed and developed to promote optimised resource utilisation in the e-learning processes in higher education. A pretest-posttest method was adopted to study the impact of Cloud e-learning usage among students and whether the diffusion of Cloud e-learning has caused a change in students' perceptions. The pretest-posttest results and students' academic performance were then analysed to examine the impact from the actual usage of Cloud e-learning module. The findings reveal that the change of students' perceptions is time variant, indicating students' mixed perceptions on the usage of Cloud e-learning module. Analysis evidently reveals that the use of Cloud e-learning improved students' learning performance in theoretical subjects. This research is useful to educators and ICT practitioners in making informed decisions in adopting the right ICT infrastructures to support e-learning in higher education.

This research and development study aimed to develop the prototype of virtual learning implemented in flipped classrooms and evaluate its effectiveness as a tool for developing Thai undergraduates' English receptive skills. To assess if the designed prototype is effective, a quasi-experimental method was employed. The experimental sample group consisted of 40 undergraduates studying English as a required general education subject at a university in Thailand. They were purposively selected as their English proficiency level did not meet the university requirement of not lower than 600 of the TOEIC scores for graduation. The actual TOEIC tests as a pre- and post-tests, have been employed to examine if the prototype was effective. The collected data from pre- and post-tests were then analyzed through the t-Test and ANOVA. The results showed that the designed prototype applied in teaching and learning through the three online virtual platforms, namely Second Life, VRChat, and the ClassStart in the flipped classrooms was effective for developing students' English receptive skills, as the overall development of students' English receptive skills, both listening and reading, as shown from their post-test English TOEIC scores had significant development, showing that the post-test scores were higher than those of their pre-test's. Therefore, applying this prototype to language teaching and learning as a pedagogy is highly advised.

In this article, we draw on various critical perspectives to theorize neoliberal choice and examine how it has been deployed to market new educational reforms in Ontario. We begin by offering a contemporary framing of neoliberalism that looks at its core elements as well as its chameleon-like tendencies to draw on neoconservative elements as needed. We also furnish critiques of neoliberalism by engaging Adams et al.'s (2019) description of neoliberal "choice" as one component of a larger psychological exercise in support of capitalism. We then examine how the language of choice has been used to position three recent Ontario education reforms: (a) mandatory e-learning; (b) growth of international students; and (c) the revision of curricula according to economic ends. Finally, we argue that the implementation of these reforms ironically has produced less choice for stakeholders through austerity and standardization.

This paper describes a Capability Approach analysis of the capabilities, functionings, and conversion factors reported by learners on workplace-based mobile language learning courses. The study used secondary data from student satisfaction surveys from 556 learners who were all recent migrants to the US and who were using the courses to study English. Use of the Capability Approach highlights that the promises of mobile learning were not available to all learners as conversion factors (individual, social, environmental, and technological) inhibited their participation in the courses. The study shows how some learners experienced a tension between well-being and agency as they were unable to study the content they wanted in the way they wanted. It also demonstrates that factors around the business model of the company that created the courses impacted the level to which learners were able to participate in the program. Finally, the study illustrates that learners were able to extend the language they learned through the course into other areas of their lives and to help others.

Despite the increasing number of non-traditional doctoral researchers, this population's experiences remain largely understudied and their voices unheard. Through in-depth interviews with 24 part-time online doctoral candidates, we explored the perceived facilitators and barriers to academic integration and sense of belonging, as well as how online delivery influences the doctoral journey. Reflexive thematic analysis revealed a strong drive for participation, sometimes matched by the supervisor but rarely supported by the institution, which in the end does not sufficiently promote community building. Online delivery was viewed as both a blessing for the accessibility it enabled and a curse due to pervasive feelings of isolation and virtually non-existent peer networks. Online doctoral researchers coped by breaking free from the fully online model whenever possible to seek in-person and synchronous interactions and guidance. We conclude that online doctoral candidates constitute an ultraperipheral population in the academic landscape. Support provided by online PhD programmes should be modelled after the actual needs of their non-traditional students.

The global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus brought about a true revolution in the predominant teaching-learning processes (i.e., face-to-face environment) that had been implemented up to that point. In this regard, virtual teaching-learning environments (VTLEs) have gained unprecedented significance. The main objectives of our research were to define an explanatory theoretical model and to test a multiple serial mediation model with four variables in series (one independent variable plus three mediators) to relate perceived utility (independent variable) in the use of a VTLE and perceived learning (dependent or criterion variable) in such contexts, taking into account the mediation of subjective norm (mediator 1), ease of use (mediator 2), and intention to use behavior (mediator 3), and using the extended technology acceptance model as the theoretical framework. Additionally, we aimed to analyze the direct and indirect relationships and effects among the variables that constituted the proposed model. Methodologically, the research can be classified as a cross-sectional causal ex post facto design. A representative sample of students enrolled in higher education institutions in the Dominican Republic was used as the research population, and a standardized Likert scale was administered to measure the five dimensions of the proposed model. Finally, it is worth noting that the obtained results indicate that all direct and indirect effects considered in the model were statistically significant, except for the indirect effect, where the four predictor variables were arranged in series to verify their influence on the criterion variable: perceived learning.

This study aimed to systematically compile the activities and applications to be used by instructors to conduct synchronous virtual classrooms effectively. Using specific keywords in various databases we examined the literature to discover the activities and applications associated with effective synchronous virtual classrooms. A total of 70 studies were included in the study, based upon pre-determined criteria. A total of 53 activities and applications for conducting synchronous virtual classrooms effectively were obtained and classified according to Gagné's nine events of instruction (GNEI). These activities and applications were sorted within 11 themes dimensions: technical control, environment control, clarity, introductory activities, technological tools, course materials, interaction, feedback, summarizing, time management, and self-assessment. Synchronous virtual classrooms conducted according to this classification will serve as a guide for instructors to conduct synchronous virtual classrooms effectively.

The recent expansion of the COVID-19 outbreak has drastically altered the educational landscape, causing certain schools to operate on a distance education basis. The goal of this study is to investigate this phenomenon in depth, focusing on the elements that may contribute to the marginalization of students with learning disabilities and their immigration biography. At the same time, it attempts to investigate the perspectives of a group of students, teachers, and parents on how to avoid marginalization as a result of distance education. We employed a mixed research style to study the aforementioned problem. A total of 132 secondary school students, 52 secondary school teachers, and 49 secondary school parents were included in the study. As research tools, questionnaires, focus groups, observations and interviews were used. The data analysis reveals that the elements which may contribute to marginalization in remote education are primarily related to attention challenges, but also to technical difficulties. According to the participants, a closer collaboration between the Ministry of Education, school administrations and teachers, as well as revisions to the substance of teaching subjects, may be the solution to the problem.

Integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in teacher education is a means to support the teaching and learning process. Good teaching by utilizing technology certainly requires changes, especially in the realm of pedagogy, but teachers apparently do not have enough ability to optimize ICT in the learning process. In fact, ICT has the potential to provide various benefits for teachers and students, including joint learning areas, cooperative and collaborative learning opportunities. Therefore, this research aims to identify the use of mobile learning application (MLA) and its impact as a form of ICT integration in learning. The method used is literature study, by taking data from various relevant scientific articles and books. Data analysis uses descriptive analysis from the results of the synthesis of several literature reviews obtained. The research results show that a number of 10 main articles and 15 relevant supporting articles as well as several book sources show that mobile-based learning with smartphone devices is becoming a trend at various levels of education, both academic and vocational.

Adaptive online learning can be realized through the evaluation of the learning process. Monitoring and supervising learners' cognitive levels and adjusting learning strategies can increasingly improve the quality of online learning. This analysis is made possible by real-time measurement of learners' cognitive levels during the online learning process. However, most of the currently used techniques for evaluating cognitive levels rely on labour-intensive and time-consuming manual coding. In this study, we explore the machine learning (ML) algorithms and taxonomy of Bloom's cognitive levels to explore features that affect learner's cognitive level in online assessments and the ability to automatically predict learner's cognitive level and thus, come up with a recommendation or pedagogical intervention to improve learner's acquisition. The analysis of 15,182 learners' assessments of a specific learning concept affirms the effectiveness of our approach. We attain an accuracy of 82.21% using ML algorithms. These results are very encouraging and have implications for how automated cognitive-level analysis tools for online learning will be developed in the future.

Digital history-based project-based learning (PjBL) in history learning is a learning medium that can provide a special attraction for students who can improve historical concept skills and historical awareness. However, there are still many teachers who have not used it, so it is very important to study it. This research aims to analyze the influence of the digital history based PjBL model in improving historical concept skills and historical awareness. The method used is quasi-experimental with two classes, experimental and control. The population used class XI high school students in Lampung, Indonesia and the sample size was 213. Cluster random sampling was used to determine sampling, while data collection was in the form of test instruments. The test instrument questions were analyzed using the gain score and Kruskal-Walli's test to determine the increase in historical concept skills and historical awareness with the help of statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 26. The research results confirmed that digital history based PjBL was effective in increasing historical concept skills and historical awareness with a high score, making it the best choice to overcome obstacles in history learning.

This qualitative study explores the potential of generative artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the academic writing skills of a large student cohort within the context of a distance learning institution. Utilising qualitative methods, the research explores diverse approaches and applications of generative AI to elevate teaching and learning experiences. Grounded in socio-cultural theory and a human-AI collaboration framework, the study highlights the synergistic interplay between human intelligence and generative AI capabilities. Email interviews with lecturers, focus group discussions with students, and informal discussions with markers on a WhatsApp group helped researchers to (1) understand lecturers' perceptions of generative AI integration in the Academic Writing module, (2) explore students' perspectives on the potential of generative AI as a guide in the Academic Writing module, and (3) examine the potential of generative AI on students' motivation to enhance their academic writing skills. Findings from the study reveal that the potential of generative AI has a positive impact on teaching and learning experiences, providing innovative opportunities for academics. This research contributes to the discourse on the intersection of generative AI and education, reiterating the innovative potential of generative AI in redefining pedagogical strategies and shaping the future of distance learning.

This study investigates the perceptions of Vietnamese English-majored students towards online learning courses during the COVID-19 pandemic. While online learning has been shown to have numerous benefits, few studies have focused on exploring perceptions of Vietnamese learners of English (EFL) towards online learning course at university level in the Vietnamese context. To address this gap, the present study surveyed 60 Vietnamese EFL learners who have experience with online courses offered by a university in southern Vietnam, using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) developed (Davis, Bagozzi, & Warshaw, 1989). The findings reveal various challenges and benefits of the online learning mode, which are reported by learners through their perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use when taking online courses. The learners' own experiences during online courses were also revealed. The outcomes of this study provide insights into the unique experiences of Vietnamese EFL learners with e-learning and offer suggestions for optimizing online education for this population in university settings.

Distance education and e-learning have become pivotal during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering a solution to maintain education continuity amidst restrictions. This study delves into the application of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to assess the acceptance and utilization of e-learning among university students, with a particular focus on Turkey. This geographical context presents an opportunity to investigate the multifaceted factors influencing the effectiveness of e-learning, which have received limited exploration thus far. A surveybased quantitative approach employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to understand student attitudes toward distance education and investigate the relationships among various dimensions such as learning, usage, and barriers. The study, conducted among 1040 undergraduate students enrolled in Turkish distance education programs, reveals significant positive relationships between learning and usage dimensions, while negative relationships exist between learning and barriers and usage and barriers. The findings underscore the importance of enhancing the ease of use of distance education platforms and addressing encountered barriers to foster effective utilization. Recommendations include establishing robust support mechanisms, improving training programs, and facilitating better communication channels between students and educators. The study contributes to the understanding of e-learning acceptance and usage among university students, providing insights for designing more effective educational interventions and enhancing higher education systems, especially in the case of Turkey.

This study aims to understand the experiences of Turkish teachers in blended learning, the challenges they encountered, and their recommendations in this regard. The authors adapted the Blended Teaching Readiness Instrument (BTRI) (Archibald et al., 2021) to Turkish. Secondly, the reasons, challenges, and suggestions of teachers regarding blended learning were investigated. A total of 325 Turkish teachers were selected as the participant group in this survey. A criterion purposeful sampling method was used in the data collection process. The statistical analysis led to the conclusion that the BTRI, which was translated into Turkish, is a valid and reliable tool for measuring teachers' levels of readiness for blended learning in Turkiye and it can also be used to gauge the readiness of teachers. ort he qualitative aspect, inductive content analysis was used for analyzing open-ended questions of the instrument. The study both served as a reflection of Turkish teachers' positive and negative experiences regarding blended learning practices and a scale adaptation study for measuring the blended teaching readiness of Turkish teachers. It is considered that the results can help both pre-service and in-service teachers to be sensitive toward their blended teaching competencies. This study also has the potential for informing teacher education departments to equip prospective teachers with required disciplinary knowledge along with digital competencies.

The advent of digital technology has enabled the development of alternative learning methods that enable personalized education to meet the demands of the modern era. Regardless of geographical location and time, online education facilitates the provision of personalized learning opportunities through asynchronous or synchronous recording. Thanks to COVID-19, the rapid adaptation of formal education to digital environments promoted individualization and self-directed learning. The increasing use of design software in architectural education due to digitalization promotes integrating synchronous or asynchronous extracurricular training into the individual learning process. By exploring the diversity of informal online education programs in design software, this study aims to identify the contributions and limitations of informal learning in personalization. Examining the context of a five-day online workshop and a 21-day course can provide new perspectives through a multidisciplinary environment of discussion and practice, even in a short period of time. These programs provide education and training for skilled designers who have their own unique perspectives and techniques on design. Participants' economic situation regarding course fees introduces a competitive medium, which restricts learning accessibility in any scenario. Moreover, excluding these educational programs from transcripts due to imprecise evaluation conditions results in unfairness. With equal access and fair and accurate evaluation mechanisms, informal online education can help professionals develop unique, global, and harmonious perspectives.

Examination of the personal characteristics (i.e., gender, participation styles) of participants and the technical infrastructure (i.e., device type, internet connection type) of Instructional Discussion Forums (IDFs) can provide functional clues for mitigating social anxiety in these settings. In this context, this research investigated variances in learners' participation styles and social anxiety in IDFs in terms of gender and ICT availability. In addition, it explored the predictive relationships between participation styles and social anxiety. A sample of 272 freshman undergraduate students discussed various topics related to Internet ethics for three weeks through an IDF. The results indicated that participation styles differed by gender and ICT availability in several respects. First, handheld devices and cellular internet connections exerted a medium-size effect on social anxiety. Further, "to get information" and "to fulfill requirement" purposes in the "Why" dimension of participation styles had a small predictive relationship with social anxiety, as did "analytical" and "practical" participation approaches in the "How" dimension. Of these, only the "to get information" purpose negatively predicted social anxiety. Overall, participation styles accounted for 19.1% of the variance in social anxiety. Based on the findings, future directions and practical implications are suggested for both researchers and practitioners.

Expansion in higher education and changes in student profiles have led to an increase in non-linear trajectories that do not fit into a time frame considered standard. However, universities continue to establish success and failure parameters relating to performance indicators that do not consider the heterogeneity of trajectories. The theoretical perspective on which we base our work is the complexity approach, which resituates what we understand as a trajectory of success (and failure), incorporating a broader view to better understand how students navigate through higher education. Based on research on university dropout and changes of trajectory, we present the results of a study carried out using sequence analysis in face-to-face and online universities. The research question on which this study focuses is whether, given the context of greater heterogeneity and complexity, there could be a greater similarity between the students' trajectories in face-to-face and online modalities in relation to complex trajectories. The results show that complex trajectories are very present in both modalities, and differences are observed according to students' gender and age. A key conclusion is the discussion on how we consider success and failure student trajectories in the contemporary university taking into account the perspective of complexity.