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The core-shell structure is crucial for enhancing the electrochemical and electrocatalytic performance of supercapacitor electrode materials. To maximize the potential of NiCo 2 O 4 as an electrode material, this study combines NiCo 2 O 4 with CoFe-LDH. Forming a NiCo 2 O 4 @CoFe LDH core-shell structured electrode material. Using NF as the substrate, NiCo 2 O 4 @CoFe-LDH electrode materials are prepared via a hydrothermal method. The phase structure and microstructure of the electrode material are investigated through X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses. The electrode materials undergo electrochemical and electrocatalytic tests using an electrochemical workstation. This study shows that the NiCo 2 O 4 @CoFe-LDH achieves a specific capacitance of 5384.47 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2. After assembling the NiCo 2 O 4 @CoFe-LDH electrode material into a supercapacitor, it exhibits an excellent energy density. Both the power density and the energy density are 758.17 μW cm−2 and 55.81 μWh cm−2, respectively. As an electrocatalyst, the NiCo 2 O 4 @CoFe-LDH electrode material also demonstrates excellent performance. The overpotential is 183 mV at 20 mA cm−2 in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). Furthermore, the NiCo 2 O 4 @CoFe-LDH electrode material demonstrates outstanding performance in overall water splitting. The voltage is 1.7 V at 25 mA cm−2, which shows strong cyclic stability. This material provides a reliable guarantee for the continuous and stable operation of various application scenarios. • The NiCo 2 O 4 @CoFe-LDH composite electrode is synthesized via hydrothermal-calcination method. • The NiCo 2 O 4 @CoFe-LDH achieves a high specific capacitance of 5384.47 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2. • The capacitance retention of the assembled NiCo 2 O 4 @CoFe-LDH//AC after 10,000 cycles is close to 70%. • Performing HER testing on NiCo 2 O 4 @CoFe-LDH. The overpotential is 183 mV at 20 mA cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the shift towards single-crystalline Ni-rich LiNi x Co y Mn 1-x-y O 2 (NCM) cathode materials has intensified the focus on temperature regulation via the solid-state method, aiming to enhance electrochemical capacity and control crystal size. This study investigates how variations in crystal size, indicative of distinct lattice structures, affect lithium ion transport during the electrochemical charging/discharging cycle. Our findings reveal mechanical degradation in NCM samples correlating with increased sintering temperatures of LiOH·H 2 O and NCMOH precursors, as evidenced by nanoindentation tests measuring elastic modulus and hardness. Elevated sintering temperatures were observed to facilitate nucleation and crystal growth, albeit introducing oxygen vacancies potentially detrimental to the initial Coulombic Efficiency within the NCM lattice. This degradation in both mechanical and electrochemical properties underscores the critical impact of sintering temperature on structural integrity. Our systematic analysis provides essential insights into the interplay between structural characteristics and electrochemical performance, offering compelling evidence for the optimization of sintering temperatures in the preparation of NCM cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A straightforward hydrothermal technique was employed to develop binder-free CaMoO 4 electrodes that can be utilized as electrodes in Li-ion batteries. Structural analysis was employed to validate the tetragonal scheelite structure and exceptional crystallinity of the electrodes. Examination with scanning electron microscopy revealed that the electrodes exhibited diverse morphologies, including nanorods, sheets, and flowers. The composition of CaMoO 4 was confirmed by analyzing the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data, which revealed distinct binding energy peaks corresponding to Ca, Mo, and O. The presence of these elements in the nanostructures was further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping. Electrochemical tests showed that CaMoO 4 (DIW@EG sample electrode) composite electrodes demonstrated an impressive primary discharge specific capacity of 2383 mAh g−1 and a high rate capacity of 1034 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 current density. Additionally, a full cell combining LCO with CaMoO 4 achieved a remarkable capacity of 321 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, presenting it as a viable substitute for the traditional LCO//graphite system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

VO 2 @C core–shell structure is designed and prepared to boost the NH 4 + storage of VO 2. VO 2 @C core–shell composite delivers a specific capacity of ∼300 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g, superior to the values of VO 2 (∼238 mAh/g). [Display omitted] Aqueous nonmetallic ion batteries have garnered significant interest due to their cost-effectiveness, environmental sustainability, and inherent safety features. Specifically, ammonium ion (NH 4 +) as a charge carrier has garnered more and more attention recently. However, one of the persistent challenges is enhancing the electrochemical properties of vanadium dioxide (VO 2) with a tunnel structure, which serves as a highly efficient NH 4 + (de)intercalation host material. Herein, a novel architecture, wherein carbon-coated VO 2 nanobelts (VO 2 @C) with a core–shell structure are engineered to augment NH 4 + storage capabilities of VO 2. In detail, VO 2 @C is synthesized via the glucose reduction of vanadium pentoxide under hydrothermal conditions. Experimental results manifest that the introduction of the carbon layer on VO 2 nanobelts can enhance mass transfer, ion transport and electrochemical kinetics, thereby culminating in the improved NH 4 + storage efficiency. VO 2 @C core–shell composite exhibits a remarkable specific capacity of ∼300 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g, which is superior to that of VO 2 (∼238 mAh/g) and various other electrode materials used for NH 4 + storage. The NH 4 + storage mechanism can be elucidated by the reversible NH 4 + (de)intercalation within the tunnel of VO 2 , facilitated by the dynamic formation and dissociation of hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, when integrated into a full battery with polyaniline (PANI) cathode, the VO 2 @C//PANI full battery demonstrates robust electrochemical performances, including a specific capacity of ∼185 mAh·g−1 at 0.2 A·g−1, remarkable durability of 93 % retention after 1500 cycles, as well as high energy density of 58 Wh·kg−1 at 5354 W·kg−1. This work provides a pioneering approach to design and explore composite materials for efficient NH 4 + storage, offering significant implications for future battery technology enhancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For photocatalysis technology to be applied industrially, there has been a significant increase in the need for visible-light-driven photocatalysts that possess exceptional superparamagnetic characteristics to facilitate easy separation. Hence, in this study, rare earth elements (RE) (Sm, Yb, Dy, Er, and Ho) were systematically doped into manganese ferrite (MF) using the coprecipitation method to serve two purposes, namely, reducing the photogenerated electron-hole recombination during photocatalysis and modifying the magnetic properties of MF to become superparamagnetic. The synthesised Re-doped MF was found to be visible light active, as evidenced by the transient photocurrent response and the obtained band gaps, which were in the range of 1.84–1.93 eV. From the cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Tafel polarization plots, it was evident that different RE element dopants have different effects on improving the electrochemical properties of MF. Overall, fast electron transfer of the synthesised materials was found to decrease in the following order: Sm-MF > Dy-MF > Ho-MF > MF > Er-MF > Yb-MF. The g-factor and peak-to-peak line width were found to be in the range of (2.221–2.317) and (93.17–149.85 mT), respectively. The resonance field and hysteresis loop (H c) were found to be in the range of (289.2–301.86 mT) and (8.24–32.61 mT), respectively. Overall, the synthesised RE-doped MF exhibits ferromagnetic properties, and the obtained small H c values hint at these particles exhibiting superparamagnetic properties. In summary, doping MF with Sm, Dy, and Ho is more desirable as it alters the magnetic properties towards superparamagnetic and improves its electrochemical properties. Thus, this study is of importance in advancing the field of photocatalysis in water treatment and material science. • RE (Sm, Dy, Ho, Er, and Yb) were successfully incorporated into the MF spinel structure. • Sm, Dy and Ho dopants improved the electrochemical and optical properties of MF. • The magnetic properties of MF were improved. • The produced photocatalysts were visible light active. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel (Ni) is an interesting candidate for corrosion protection of copper (Cu) due to its present passive area. Ni films with larger passive areas have better corrosion protection than those with smaller ones. In the present research, Ni films were produced over Cu. A barreling apparatus was employed to support the produced films in the sulphate solution. Various spinning speeds (0, 50, and 100 rpm) were used on the barrel while it was being processed. Several investigations were conducted, such as deposition rate, current efficiency, surface morphology, phase, film thickness, crystallographic orientation, and electrochemical properties. Increased spinning speed resulted in a decrease in the deposition rate, current efficiency, grain size, thickness, crystallite size, and exchange current density. Compared to a higher spinning speed, the decrease in spinning speed caused an increase in the oxygen content, surface roughness, and micro-strain. The higher speed of the barrel apparatus resulted in a lower corrosion rate Ni film of 0.147 mmpy. Moreover, the lower speed of the barrel apparatus resulted in a higher exchange current density Ni film of 0.997 A/cm². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a ternary deep eutectic solvents (TDESs) based on zinc nitrate hexahydrate (ZNH) and HBDs urea (U) and ethylene glycol (EG) with various molar ratios by heating approach was synthesized. Various characterization techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry analysis (LSV), ionic conductivity, dynamic viscosity, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and refractive index tests were employed. In this study, TDESs with ZNH-U-EG (1:3:4 ratio) resulted in a high reversible responsiveness, high ionic conductivity (5.18 mS/cm), smaller refractive index (1.451), and lower dynamic viscosity values of 690, 471, 262, 153, and 90 millipascal (mPa s) at shear rate values of 20, 30, 60, 100, and 200 (s−1), respectively. The newly created TDES have the potential to serve as solvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doping and morphology tailoring in metal sulfides up to nanoscale plays a vital role for better performance in various applications. Herein hydrothermally synthesized Co-doped nickel sulfide (NiS 2) nanostructures have been transformed from nano-rods to nano-sheets up to optimal doping concentration of 3 %. The phase changes, morphological modifications and elemental investigations have been analyzed by SEM, TEM, HRTEM, SAED, EDS, XRD and FTIR. The morphology transitions revealed that NiCo 3 S exhibited sophisticated morphology of flower like structures formed by nano-sheet patterns. NiCo 3 S electrode possesses an auspicious capacitance of 1242 Fg_1 at 1 Ag_1 within potential window range of 0.1–0.8 V. In accordance with GCD study, CV and EIS study confirmed that NiCo 3 S is more electroactive and less resistive showing excellent stability up to 92 % after 5000 cycles. The power law (b = 0.71) showed the capacitive nature of the NiCo 3 S. The capacitive and diffusive behavior calculated by Dunn's relationship confirmed the pseudocapacitive charge storage behavior of NiCo 3 S electrode making this a potential candidate for electrochemical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered Na–Fe–Mn-based cathode materials Na0.67Ni0.11Cu0.11Fe0.3Mn0.48O2 (NCFM) for sodium-ion batteries are prepared by a spray drying method in this report. The effect of calcination temperature on NCFM's morphology, structure, and electrochemical properties is investigated in detail. The results show that with the rising temperature from 700 to 900 °C, the proportion of the P2 phase in the as-prepared material gradually increases, the pure P2 phase appears at 900 °C, the particle size increases from the nanoscale to microscale, and the lamellar morphology becomes more obvious. The nanoscale flake-like sample obtained at 750 °C (NCFM-750) exhibits the initial discharge specific capacities of 160.3, 109.9, 105.2, and 102.6 mAh g–1 at 0.1 C, with the capacity retentions of 68.8, 85.3, 84.9, and 84.4% after 300 cycles at 0.2 C under the temperatures of 25, 0, −10, and −20 °C, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the crystallization behavior of Co‐doped amorphous manganese dioxide(Co‐doped AMO) and to investigate the electrochemical properties of its different crystallization products as cathodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries. In this work, the effects of heat treatment temperature on the microstructure and phase composition of Co‐doped AMO and their electrochemical properties of Zn‐MnO2 battery cathode materials are systematically investigated. The results show that Co‐doping increases the crystallization temperature of pure AMO. When the heat treatment temperature is 400 °C, Co‐doped AMO is amorphous. At 500 and 550 °C, part of the Co‐doped AMO crystallizes into tetragonal spinel structured (Co, Mn)(Co, Mn)2O4 material between MnCo2O4 and Mn3O4. At 650 °C, the crystallized product is completely nano‐α‐Mn(Co)O2 crystal. The maximum discharge specific capacities and the retention rate after 100 cycles of the samples at 100 mA g−1 are 325.40 mAh g−1, 86.88%; 217.00 mAh g−1, 13.94%; 186.68 mAh g−1, 41.01%; and 149.03 mAh g−1, 31.27% for the unheated and 400, 550, 650 °C heat‐treated samples, respectively. It is proved that the Co‐doped AMO without heat treatment is superior to the partially or fully crystallized materials in terms of comprehensive performance and cost as cathode materials for AZIB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium (Li) metal is one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation, high-energy, Li-based batteries due to its exceptionally high specific capacity and low reduction potential. Nonetheless, intrinsic challenges such as detrimental interfacial reactions, significant volume expansion, and dendritic growth present considerable obstacles to its practical application. This review comprehensively summarizes various recent strategies for the modification and protection of metallic lithium anodes, offering insight into the latest advancements in electrode enhancement, electrolyte innovation, and interfacial design, as well as theoretical simulations related to the above. One notable trend is the optimization of electrolytes to suppress dendrite formation and enhance the stability of the electrode–electrolyte interface. This has been achieved through the development of new electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity and better compatibility with Li metal. Furthermore, significant progress has been made in the design and synthesis of novel Li metal composite anodes. These composite anodes, incorporating various additives such as polymers, ceramic particles, and carbon nanotubes, exhibit improved cycling stability and safety compared to pure Li metal. Research has used simulation computing, machine learning, and other methods to achieve electrochemical mechanics modeling and multi-field simulation in order to analyze and predict non-uniform lithium deposition processes and control factors. In-depth investigations into the electrochemical reactions, interfacial chemistry, and physical properties of these electrodes have provided valuable insights into their design and optimization. It systematically encapsulates the state-of-the-art developments in anode protection and delineates prospective trajectories for the technology's industrial evolution. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of the latest strategies for enhancing metallic lithium anodes in lithium-ion batteries, addressing the primary challenges and suggesting future directions for industrial advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of simulated solutions is a common practice in corrosion studies to assess easily and quickly the corrosion behaviour of materials in real situations. In this context, it is frequent to substitute tests performed in concrete or mortar with tests performed in porous‐like solutions. Particularly, to simulate carbonated concrete, different carbonated porous‐like solutions (CPS) are found in the literature. However, it is not known whether the use of these solutions accurately predicts the behaviour of steel bars embedded in carbonated concrete. In the present work, a comparison between the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in carbonated mortar and in different CPS was performed. It was found that none of the CPS studied in the present work adequately simulate the corrosion behaviour of the steel in carbonated mortar, but the CPS containing high concentrations of carbonates/bicarbonates is the only one that provides corrosion rates close to those obtained in carbonated concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation aims to synthesize a novel (AlCuCoFeMnNi)3O4 type high entropy spinel oxide through the sol‐gel and investigate the effect of different carbon‐based additives on charge storage performance. The formation of the inverse spinel phase of [B(AB)O4] type inverse spinel phase was confirmed through the detailed x‐ray diffraction analysis of the synthesized sample. The synthesized spinel phase was indexed with the space group of Fd−3m and has a lattice parameter of 8.2697 Å. The synthesized high entropy oxide (HEO) phase Ni, Co, and Fe coexists in +2 and +3 states. At the same time, Cu in +2 state, Al in +3 state, and Mn in +3 and +4 states confirmed through x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical charge storage performance of synthesized HEO was measured through the three‐electrode setup in 2 M KOH aqueous electrolyte solution in two different potential windows, such as −0.2 to 0.4 V and 0.0 to 0.5 V. Different carbon‐based conducting materials such as acetylene black, reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and carbon particles obtained from 10‐hour ball‐milling of used dry cell carbon electrode (CP). The charge storage mechanism changes from electrochemical double layer capacitance to pseudocapacitive type as the potential window varies from −0.2 to 0.4 to 0 to 0.5 V. The value of specific capacitance for an electrode made of HEO with acetylene black, RGO, and CP was found to be 32.67, 7.50, and 4.58 F/g and 30.68, 16.33, and 9.05 F/g in the potential window of −0.2 to 0.4 V and 0 to 0.5 V at a scan rate of 5 mV/s, respectively. The cyclic performance of the developed three electrodes was measured at a scan rate of 100 mV/s for 1000 cycles, and it was found to be 94%, 98%, and 99% for electrodes made of HEO with acetylene black, RGO, and CP, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biomimetic artificial muscles (BMAMs) aim to imitate the movement and capabilities of natural muscles, drawing inspiration from their structure and function. This research utilized multiwalled carbon nanotubes to increase the conductivity of the electrode membrane and replaced traditional electroactive polymers with sodium alginate to improve the output performance of BMAMs. To further strengthen the output force of the electrode membrane, nanoscale ZnO was chosen as the doping material. Various composite electrode membranes were created during the experiments, each containing varying amounts of ZnO nanoparticles. The membranes' surface morphology was extensively examined with scanning electron microscopy, and the composite electrode membranes were fully assessed on an electrochemical workstation. Electrochemical testing showed that adding nanoscale ZnO particles greatly boosted the specific capacitance of the electrode membrane, which was directly linked to the performance of BMAMs. Impedance spectroscopy test results indicated a minimal impact of nanoscale ZnO particle doping on the internal resistance of the electrode membrane. Highlights: Sodium alginate replaces electroactive polymers, easing environmental impact.Nano ZnO doping boosts electrode membrane's capacitance for stronger muscles.ZnO doping shows minimal effect on electrode membrane's resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pine nutshells (PNSs) are lignocellulosic waste materials with limited use in domestic heating. However, a biorefinery approach may be applied to fractionate PNSs and produce chemicals, materials, and improved solid fuels. In this study, we fractionated PNSs and produced antioxidant extracts, lignins, polysaccharides, chars, and activated carbons and analyzed their potential applications. Pyrolytic kinetic modeling as an alternative method to chemical fractionation was also tested. The results showed that the PNS contains low amounts of extracts with weak thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) antioxidant properties, while its lignin content is remarkable (50.5%). Pyrolytic kinetic modeling was comparable to wet chemical analysis for estimating lignin yield. Moderate-temperature pyrolysis of the PNS resulted in a 23% char yield. The PNS chars showed improved fuel characteristics, retained 36% water, and leached 151 mg/L potassium into the water. The steam activation of PNS biochars at 750 °C resulted in oxygen-enriched activated carbons with specific surface areas up to 467 m2/g. The overall results indicate promising biochar applications of the PNS for soil amendment and supercapacitor uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a straightforward and cost-effective method to enhance the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting performance of α-Fe2O3 (F), SnO2 (S), and α-Fe2O3 decorated with SnO2 quantum dots (FS) photoanodes in a NaOH electrolyte. The FS electrode demonstrated a notable improvement in PEC efficiency within the electrolyte. In particular, the generated charges of the FS anode in the NaOH electrolyte reached approximately 12.01 mA cm−2 under illumination, indicating that the developed heterostructures effectively enhanced kinetics, leading to improved separation of induced carrier pairs. This active carrier-pair separation mechanism contributed considerably to the increased PEC activity in the 0.1 M NaOH electrolyte. The reduction in the bandgap of FS increased its absorption capability in visible light, which further enhanced the current density. Furthermore, the reduction in electrolyte resistance (9.71 Ω), internal resistance (20.19 Ω), charge transfer resistance (3.21 kΩ), Tafel slope (45.5 mV dec-1), limiting current density (−2.09 mA cm−2), and exchange current density (−3.68 mA cm−2) under illumination at the interface enhanced the charge density of FS. Further, a strong interaction among photoanode nanostructures significantly enhances PEC activity by improving efficient charge separation and transport, reducing recombination rates, and enabling quicker movement of charge carriers to the electrode/electrolyte interface. Thus, this study provides an effective approach to increasing the PEC activity of heterostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, lanthanum ferrites with strontium and magnesium-doped perovskite-type structures intended for energy storage were developed. Sr and Mg-doped lanthanum ferrites are constructed using the citrate auto-combustion dry gel technique. Several analytical tools were used to characterize the doped materials. Because the stabilization of mass loss happened above this temperature and no phase transformation was seen from thermo gravimetric analysis, the calcination procedure was carried out at 450 °C. The X-ray diffraction data has confirmed the existence of a single powder phase in the air-sintered materials and the mixing of the powdered phases during the calcination process. The presence of agglomerated sheets in the samples was revealed by scanning electron microscopy. The LSFM samples exhibit weak ferromagnetic interactions, according to the VSM analysis of the magnetization curve and the hysteresis loops. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the 20% strontium and magnesium samples had better conductivity. These findings suggest that increasing the Sr and Mg content increases sample conductivity while decreasing the activation energy of the conduction process. As a result, the perovskite oxides synthesized in this study have the potential to be cathodes for supercapacitors and magnetic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are regarded as next‐generation secondary batteries and complement to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) for large‐scale electrochemical energy storage applications due to the abundant availability, even distribution, and cost‐effectiveness of raw sodium resources. The phosphate‐based polyanions stand out of various cathode material owing to their high operation voltage, stable structure, superior safety, and excellent sodium‐storage properties. The undesirable electric conductivities and specific capacities limit their large‐scale industrialization. Herein, a recent research development of phosphate‐based polyanion cathodes including orthophosphate, oxyphosphate, pyrophosphate, and mixed phosphates is thoroughly reviewed. Subsequently, the effect of modification strategies including element doping, surface coating, morphology control, and electrode design toward high‐performance cathode materials for SIBs are systematically explored. Finally, the future research directions of phosphate‐based polyanion cathodes based on electrochemical performance including reversible capacity, voltage, energy density, rate capacity, cycling stability, and commercial applications are comprehensively concluded. It is believed that current review will present instructive perspectives into developing practicable phosphate‐based polyanion cathode materials for SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights The study presents the ideal distribution of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) within the thermoplastic starch (TPS) matrix significantly elevated the thermal and electrical conductivities, as well as the electrochemical efficiency of the biocomposites. Additionally, the incorporation of GNP resulted in an increased thermal stability for the TPS, as indicated by the elevated temperatures required for maximum degradation. The biocomposites exhibited a self‐aligned layered structure, creating conductive pathways and enhancing electron conduction. An electrical conductivity increased as the concentration of GNP increased, with the highest conductivity observed on the top and bottom surface with the value of 4.23 × 10−7 S/m and 3.92 × 10−6 S/m when 12 wt% of GNP was added. The presence of hydroxyl groups in TPS facilitated the formation of hydrogen bonds with GNP, preventing GNP from stacking and forming a more uniform conductive network within the film. The addition of 15 wt% GNP also improved the capacitive performance of the TPS matrix, as evidenced by higher current responses and larger quasi‐rectangular areas in the cyclic voltammetry curves compared to neat TPS. The Nyquist plots which are illustrated impedance data showed that the TPS film with 12 wt% GNP exhibits the smallest semicircle, indicating the highest conductivity which is suggested that GNP improves charge transfer compared to pure TPS. Optimal dispersion of GNP enhanced the biocomposite's properties. The electrical conductivity increases with the GNP content until 12 wt%. TPS/GNP self‐aligned layered improved conduction and capacitive behavior. GNP improved thermal stability by restricting polymer chain movement. Electrochemical impedance shows improved properties of TPS/GNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of a low-cost Pt-based electrocatalyst for industrial water splitting is important. In this study, to prepare cost-efficient Pt-based electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution, Cu electrode is deposited with nickel (Cu/Ni) and this surface is modified with Pt nanoparticles by electrodeposition method (Cu/Ni–Pt). The surface properties of the produced electrocatalysts are studied via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Characterizations demonstrated that the coating is homogeneous and compact. Hydrogen evolution and corrosion behaviors of prepared electrode (Cu/Ni–Pt) are examined in 1.0 M KOH solution using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and cathodic and anodic current-potential curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Tafel slope is determined to be 133 mV dec−1 on Cu/Ni–Pt. Very high exchange current density (5.65 mA cm−2) and very low charge transfer resistance (0.91 Ω cm2 at 1.05 V vs RHE) are measured again on this electrocatalyst. High activity is due to intrinsic activity of Pt and synergistic interaction of Pt and Ni. Besides, Cu/Ni–Pt exhibits so stable structure over 4 h without any current densities decay as well as showing good corrosion performance after long-term immersion times and these properties make it possible electrocatalyst with high corrosion resistant and activity in the water electrolysis systems. • Cu/Ni–Pt electrocatalyst has good HER electrocatalysis properties. • Cu/Ni–Pt electrocatalyst is of high corrosion resistance in 1.0 M KOH. • Produced Cu/Ni–Pt displays pretty good stability/durability in test solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we introduce an organic/inorganic composite hydrogel as a versatile gel electrode material. This composite hydrogel was formed by simply mixing an aqueous solution of flat microparticles of tungsten oxide, exhibiting superior water dispersibility, with a hydrogel composed of a water‐soluble polyaramide‐based polymer hydrogelator. The resulting composite hydrogel exhibited uniform dispersion of tungsten oxide flat particles throughout the hydrogel matrix, supplementing the structure formed by the polymer hydrogelator. It maintained the gel‐forming capability and thixotropic behavior inherent to the polymer hydrogelator while showcasing the electrochemical characteristics of tungsten oxide. With its spreadability and applicability to various electrode shapes, a composite hydrogel is presented as a potential spreadable gel electrode material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, environmental pollution due to centralized industrialization has occurred rapidly around the world; thus, efficient remediation is in dire requirement. In this literature, the carbon aerogel material was fabricated using the lotus receptacle (LCA) via a hydrothermal treatment and N2-atmosphere pyrolysis. Characterization was conducted using various solid phase analyses to confirm the successful upcycling of carbon aerogel from the mentioned waste by-product. The synthesized material was consequently applied for the adsorption of diesel oil and methylene blue, yielding up to 80 and 99% removal efficiency for the two contaminants, respectively, wherein several factors such as the absorbent dose and dye concentration as well as the adsorption kinetic were also assessed. Besides, the electrochemical properties were additionally assessed to consummate the application of the material in the electrochemical field, which reveals the promising applicability of the fabricated LCA not only as an efficient adsorbent for wastewater treatment but also as a good capacitor with great sustainability even after 500 consecutive charging–discharging cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass-ceramics (GCs) of glass composition 20ZnO.30Li 2 O.50B 2 O 3 were prepared via controlled heat treatment at hold times of 2h, 4h, 6h and 8h at crystallization peak temperature (846K). The effect of the hold time of heat treatment on the physical, structural, optical, and electrochemical properties was studied. XRD study revealed the formation of a pure LiZnBO 3 crystalline phase. FTIR study revealed the transformation of BO 4 units to BO 3 units with an increase in the time of heat treatment. Optical band gap energy has been estimated from Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopy and, its values range from 3.26eV–3.36eV. Electrochemical properties were studied using Cyclic Voltammetry and compared with parent glass composition. The GC 20ZnO.30Li 2 O.50B 2 O 3 heat treated for 8h exhibits the highest value of specific capacitance (∼48 mAh/gV) and energy density (∼18 J/g) indicating that it can be used as an electrode material in Li-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fabrication of 2D nanoflake nanostructures has huge consideration due to its extreme specific surface area, abundant functional sites, chemical steadiness, and greater electrical conduction. The 2D transition metal–rare-earth-based thin film is considered for a promising magnetic and electroactive material due to its moderate price and prospect of controllable nanostructures. The controlled synthesis and uniform deposition of Co–Ni–Gd/Cu 2D nanoflake, 2D nanoleaves thin film were fabricated via simple and inexpensive electrodeposition method. The average crystalline size of the electrodes for the pH = 8, 9, and 10 is 51.8, 37.5, and 27.4 nm, respectively. Photoluminescence measurements showed that the Co–Ni–Gd thin films exhibited strong blue emission peak at 468 nm and weak orange emission of peak at 590 nm. Two-dimensional nanoflake Co–Ni–Gd/Cu film at pH = 10 with lower film thickness belongs to the soft ferromagnetic material. The electrochemical features are attributed to the larger accessible area of 2D nanoflakes construction and also the quick ion diffusion in the activeness sites. These studies may be the first ever report on hierarchical Co–Ni–Gd/Cu nanoflakes for magnetic and electrochemical energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel M-Fe-Cu (M: Li, Mg, Cr) mixed metal oxide nanocomposite thin films were deposited by sol–gel spin coating method. The effects of Li, Mg, and Cr incorporation on the physical and electrochemical properties of α-Fe2O3-CuO thin films were investigated. The structural properties of the prepared films revealed the formation of ternary composites with multiple phases. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images displayed different, cohesive, and crack-free surfaces for all the samples. The FESEM analysis shows that the Cr-Fe-Cu oxides film has the smoothest surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images showed that the topography and surface parameters changed with the presence of Li, Mg, and Cr elements in the Fe2O3-CuO nanocomposite thin films. The Cr-Fe-Cu oxides thin film demonstrated distinguished wettability properties, nearly a superhydrophilic surface (contact angle < 10°). In addition, the Cr-Fe-Cu oxide thin film exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 95 mF/cm2 and remarkable stability of 92.5% after 3000 CV cycles. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis showed a soft ferromagnetic behavior for all the samples. Mg-Fe-Cu oxide composite has the highest saturation magnetization (9.29 emu/g) and the lowest coercivity (138 Oe) compared to the other two samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article summarizes the current research status of manganese-based materials as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries, focusing on the effects of their structural characteristics, doping modification, and optimization strategies on electrochemical performance. Manganese-based materials have attracted much attention due to their low cost and abundant resources, but their cycle stability and rate performance still need to be improved. Research has revealed that by fine-tuning the material structure, introducing doping elements, and optimizing the preparation process, the conductivity, structural stability, and sodium ion diffusion kinetics of the material can be significantly enhanced, thereby improving the battery performance. This article also summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of current preparation methods, and looks forward to future research directions, aiming to provide theoretical guidance and reference for promoting the performance optimization and practical application of manganese-based cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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As metal ion inclusion has a substantial effect on conducting polymer's mechanical, optical, and electrical properties, it has attracted a lot of attention. This article delves into the complex role of metal ions in conducting polymers, explaining how they affect functionality, structural stability, and conductivity enhancement. The review starts with a synopsis of conducting polymers and doping processes before diving into the particular ways that metal ions interact with polymer matrices to alter their electronic structure and charge transport characteristics. The importance of characterization techniques in comprehending the structure–property correlations is highlighted in the discussion of metal‐ion doped conducting polymer studies. In addition, the paper looks at the uses of conducting polymers doped with metal ions in numerous sectors, including energy storage, electronics, and sensors. The difficulties in attaining accurate control over doping concentrations and guaranteeing stability over an extended period are discussed, as well as potential avenues for future development in this area. This review offers important insights into the development and optimization of functional materials for a variety of applications by thoroughly investigating the function of metal ions in conducting polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation delineates the fabrication, comprehensive characterization, and electrochemical evaluation of a one-dimensional Cobalt-based Metal-Organic Framework (Co-MOFs), constructed from 4,4'-Bipyridine ligands and Cobalt (II) ions. The study aimed to perfect the synthesis protocol, elucidate the structural and compositional attributes of the resultant MOF, and probe its electrochemical performance. Utilizing the reflux method, renowned for its efficacy and ecocompatibility, we synthesized the MOF and affirmed its formation through a suite of analytical techniques, including Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), and electrical conductivity measurements. The synthesized Co-MOFs, chemically notated as [Co2(4,4'-bpy)2(SO4)(H2O)2]SO4·H2O, manifested as a one-dimensional coordination polymer. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis unveiled its monoclinic crystallinity within the C2 space group. Electrochemical characterization uncovered a reversible redox system, evidenced by a robust peak current ratio (IPa/IPc = 7.5), indicative of efficient electron transfer processes. Furthermore, the Co-MOFs significantly augmented the kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline aqueous solution, highlighting its potential as a superior catalyst in energy-related electrochemical applications. This work not only contributes to the field of MOF synthesis but also sets the stage for future explorations into their practical applications in sustainable energy systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial applications in the concrete industry face significant challenges in selecting appropriate metallic materials, as these choices can enhance equipment lifespan and reduce costs. This study examines the corrosion behavior of various metallic materials, offering valuable insights for their selection in corrosive environments. The findings indicate that material testing can provide cost-effective solutions for concrete industry equipment. Notably, replacing cast iron used in concrete mixing blades with specific steels is advantageous for corrective or accidental maintenance, lowering spare parts costs, and short-term use, steels P265GH and AISI 4140 exhibiting corrosion resistance similar to cast iron. Additionally, for mineral aggregate dryers, selecting adequate steel can significantly reduce operating and maintenance costs while increasing equipment durability. The results show that substituting steel S235 with steel P265GH can decrease the corrosion rate by nearly 65%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing promotion of new energy vehicles and the rapid popularization of digital electronic products, there is a growing demand for lithium-ion and lithium-sulfur batteries. These batteries have gained widespread attention due to their excellent electrochemical performance. However, with the continued demand for high-power applications in new energy vehicles and digital electronics, the safety and stability of the batteries have become critical. TiO2 is commonly utilized in battery separators owing to its capacity to enhance the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and electrochemical stability. It can inhibit the "shuttle effect" of polysulphides in lithium-sulfur batteries through physical and chemical methods to improve the cycling performance of lithium-sulfur batteries. This review will outline three methods for modifying TiO2 separators: blending (utilizing electrostatic spinning and phase conversion), coating (involving the coating method, immersion fabrication method, and vacuum filtration method), and grafting. Finally, the prospective evolution of battery separators and the concomitant challenges they confront will be contemplated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with LiFePO4 materials, manganese-based olivine is a promising cathode candidate with high energy and low cost for Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Its rate capability and cyclability challenges still remain even with nano-size and carbon coating. Herein, a high-rate performance is achieved by introducing a novel carbon coating source, poly propylene glycol (PPG 2000). Compared with traditional glucose carbon coating source, it is found that PPG facilitates a highly uniform conductive carbon coating during the carbonized process. Moreover, laser particle size analyzer also suggest that PPG 2000 can act as a highly effective dispersant, which can result in finer primary particles during grinding. Therefore, electronic and ionic conductivity are greatly improved so that the highly Li+ conductive nature of olivine materials can be fully unleashed. The final LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4/C materials can deliver a capacity of 120 mAh·g−1 even at 10 C rate. This work demonstrates the importance of novel carbon coating source to the active cathode particles and opens upon a new venue for the large-scale fabrication of manganese-based olivine cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outstanding thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties of ceramic membranes have attracted increasing attention, offering advantages over polymer and metal counterparts. Exploring the specialized applications of ceramic membranes through various preparation methods poses a daunting challenge for contemporary researchers. Traditional preparation methods are essentially unable to meet the requirements of complex membrane structures. For instance, in ceramic fuel cell applications, cells composed of ceramic membrane materials exhibit high resistance and low conductivity, which seriously hinders the progress of new high-performance ceramic fuel cells. Therefore, it is necessary to improve preparation methods to improve the electrochemical performance of devices composed of ceramic membrane materials. In recent years, breakthroughs in various new processing technologies have propelled the performance of ceramic membrane devices. This paper will focus on the following aspects. Firstly, traditional preparation methods and advanced preparation methods of ceramic membrane materials will be discussed. Secondly, high-performance ceramic membrane materials prepared by different advanced preparation methods are introduced, and the electrochemical properties of the devices composed of ceramic membrane materials are elaborated in combination with different testing and characterization methods. Finally, the prospects and future direction of the preparation of ceramic membrane materials by advanced preparation methods are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the interesting energy technologies is a hybrid (asymmetric) device, has an exceptional power density, a quick charging/discharging process, and outstanding cycle stability. Herein, tungsten oxide (W18O49) and its nanocomposites with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and cerium oxide (CeO2) were hydrothermally synthesized. The phase stability and crystalline nature were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to analyze the morphological features of the synthesized materials, while UV–visible and photoluminescence techniques were used to evaluate their optical characteristics. The rGO/W18O49 nanocomposites exhibit an improved specific capacity of 723 C/g at 1 A/g which is better than W18O49 (519 C/g at 1 A/g) and CeO2/W18O49 (385 C/g at 1 A/g). XPS assessment confirms that the rGO increases conductivity by lowering binding energies in W and O bondings. Due to the high specific capacity of rGO/W18O49, the material is employed as an anode material for hybrid supercapacitors. The fabricated device depicts an excellent energy density of 11.25 Wh/kg with 2250 W/kg power density at 3 mA/g current density. Moreover, the fabricated device showed a remarkable rate capability of ∼ 93.26 % with 88.29 % columbic efficiency.

This work proves that the Mo-doping is an efficient strategy for boosted NH 4 +-storage of VO 2 (B). Mo-doped VO 2 (B) delivers the specific capacitance of 1403 F g−1 (390 mAh g−1) at 0.1 A g−1. This strategy is like a Chinese idiom "like adding wings to a tiger" to guide the design of electrode materials for high-efficient NH 4 +-storage. [Display omitted] Supercapacitors (SCs) using ammonium-ion (NH 4 +) as the charge carrier (NH 4 +-SCs) have attracted continuous attention and vanadium-based materials are proved to have high-efficient NH 4 +-storage properties. Monoclinic vanadium dioxide, VO 2 (B), as an anode material applied to SCs has been rarely reported and modulating its electronic structure for boosted NH 4 +-storage is full of challenge. In this work, molybdenum-doped VO 2 (B) (Mo-doped VO 2 (B)) is designed and synthesize to enhance its NH 4 +-storage. The introduction of Mo atom into the crystal structure of VO 2 (B) can modulate its crystal structure and bring in some defects. Experimental results manifest that Mo-doped VO 2 (B) with 2 % Mo-doping shows the best electrochemical properties. Mo-doped VO 2 (B) achieves the specific capacitance of 1403 F g−1 (390 mAh g−1) at 0.1 A g−1 and the capacitance retention of about 98 % after 5000 cycle, superior to that of VO 2 (B) (893 F g−1, 248 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 60 % capacitance retention. The hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) assembled by Mo-doped VO 2 (B) and active carbon delivers good electrochemical performance with the energy density of 38.6 Wh kg−1 at power density of 208.3 W kg−1. This work proves that the Mo-doping is an efficient strategy for boosted NH 4 +-storage of VO 2 (B) and this strategy is like a Chinese idiom "like adding wings to a tiger" to guide the design of electrode materials for high-efficient NH 4 +-storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A layer-by-layer strategy is developed to fabricate transition metal silicates/C architecture to enhance their electrochemical properties. [Display omitted] • Layer-by-layer rGO@NiSiO@NiO/C is rationally designed and fabricated. • The rGO@NiSiO@NiO/C shows fast electron/mass transfer kinetics. • The rGO@NiSiO@NiO/C delivers improved electrochemical performances. • The hybrid supercapacitor device achieves the energy density of 26.7 Wh kg−1 at 343.8 W kg−1. In the wake of the carbon–neutral era, the exploration of innovative materials for energy storage and conversion has garnered increasing attention. While nickel silicates have been a focal point in energy storage research, their application in supercapacitors (SCs) has been relatively underreported due to poor conductivity. A newly designed architecture, designated as rGO@NiSiO@NiO/C (abbreviated for reduced graphene oxide (rGO), nickel silicate (NiSiO), nickel oxide/carbon (NiO/C)), has been developed to enhance the electrochemical performance of NiSiO. The incorporation of inner rGO provides structural support for NiSiO, enhancing conductivity, while the outer NiO/C layer not only boosts conductivity but also safeguards NiSiO from structural degradation and electrolyte dissolution. This architecture eliminates multi-phase mixtures, facilitating rapid electron/mass transfer kinetics and accelerating electrochemical reactions, resulting in exceptional electrochemical properties. The rGO@NiSiO@NiO/C architecture achieves a specific capacitance of 324F·g−1 at 0.5 A·g−1, with a superb cycle performance of ∼ 91 % after 10,000 cycles, surpassing state-of-the-art nickel silicates. Furthermore, the hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) device incorporating the rGO@NiSiO@NiO/C electrode attains an areal capacitance of 159 mF·cm−2 at 2.5 mA·cm−2, a retention ratio of ∼ 98 % after 10,000 cycles, and an energy density of 0.68 Wh·m−2 (26.7 Wh·kg−1) at 3.4 W·m−2 (343.8 W·kg−1). This study presents a layer-by-layer approach for constructing transition metal silicates/C architectures to enhance their electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alloys from the regions of existence of the solid solutions RxTb2-xNi17 and Tb2Ni17-yMy were synthesized by arc-melting with further annealing at 400 ºС. Quantitative and qualitative composition of alloys and powders of electrode materials was determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The Tb/R/Ni and Tb/Ni/Mg ratio in the samples was confirmed also by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The cell parameters of RxTb2-xNi17 (x = 0.5) ternary phases are: a = 8.2987(9) Å, c = 8.0206(8) Å, V = 478.37(9) Å3 for R = Zr, a = 8.3161(6) Å, c = 8.0482(8) Å, V = 482.03(6) Å3 for R = Y and a = 8.3690(6) Å, c = 8.0560(7) Å, V = 488.66(6) Å3 for R = La. Tb atoms were partially substituted by Y, Zr and La atoms because of closeness of atomic radii size. Under experimental condition capacity parameters were 1.81 H/f.u. for the Zr-containing electrode, 2.29 H/f.u. for the Y-containing electrode and 2.31 H/f.u. for the La-containing electrode. In the case of Li,Mg co-doped electrodes we observed more than 2.5 H/f.u. Cell parameters of the Zr- and La-containing phases after hydrogenation increased isotropically. Synthesized hydrides can be interpreted as superstructures with the Tb2Mn17C2.5-type (filled-up of Th2Ni17). The Y0.5Tb1.5Ni17-based electrode demonstrates the potential corrosion at -0.540 V, electrodes with the compositions Zr0.5Tb1.5Ni17 and La0.5Tb1.5Ni17 show -0.413 V and -0.405 V, respectively. Li and Mg-codoped electrodes shoved the corrosion potential -0.410 V (Tb2Ni16.4Li0.2Mg0.4) and -0.550 V for Tb2Ni15.6Li0.6Mg0.8, respectively.

Abstract Lithium-doped anatase-TiO2 nanoparticles (LixTi1-xO2 NPs, x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) could be synthesized by a simple sol–gel process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results displayed the tetragonal (space group: I41/amd) of polycrystalline TiO2 anatase phase. The spectroscopy results of Raman and FT-IR confirmed the anatase phase of TiO2 through the specific modes of metal oxides vibration in the crystalline TiO2. Surfaces micrographs by scanning electron microscope (SEM) of agglomerated LixTi1-xO2 NPs showed a spongy like morphology. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) illustrated a cuboidal shape of dispersed NPs with particle size distributed in a narrow range 5–10 nm. Bruanauer Emmett-Teller (BET) results showed the increased surface area of LixTi1−xO2 NPs with increasing Li content. LixTi1-xO2 NPs (x = 0.05–0.20) working electrodes illustrated a pseudocapacitive behavior with excellent electrochemical properties through the whole cycles of GCD test. Interestingly, Li0.1Ti0.9O2 NPs electrode illustrated a high performance in terms of maximum specific capacitance 822 F g−1 at 1.5 A g−1 in 0.5 M Li2SO4 electrolyte, with excellent capacitive retention 92.6% after 5000 cycles GCD test.

The ascribed work suggests a fabrication pathway of carbon aerogel material from the rose apple (Syzygium jambos) fruit (RACA), in which a hydrothermal step, followed by a calcination process under various temperatures from 600 to 900 °C was carried out. RACA were characterized via multiple methods to briefly determine the optimal calcination temperature for the application, revealing that the temperature of 700 °C provided an intermediate deconstruction effect to form the amorphous structure and amplified the surface area. Whence, the materials were assessed for the adsorption capacities towards diesel oil which provided a capacity of approximately 35 g/g, although the adsorption capacity decreased slightly after 5 cycles of recovery and reuse. Furthermore, RACA‐700 exhibits high adsorption capacity of organic solvents (toluene, cyclohexane, butanol, hexane, and chloroform) and the ciprofloxacin antibiotic. Besides, the utilization of the fabricated carbon aerogel in the supercapacitor was also investigated. The obtained results elucidate the highest specific capacitance of 61.20 F/g, corresponding with the lowest resistance of 195.6 Ω, which indicates the ability to maintain capacitance after 5000 cycles and still retain 60 % efficiency, thereby signifying the potential application of carbon aerogel in sustainable material construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiO2(B) is a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its fast lithiation/delithiation kinetics, however, its thermodynamic metastable nature makes it difficult to synthesize pure phase, which significantly affects its lithium storage capability. Herein, the structural evolution from precursor to TiO2(B) is systematically investigated and it is revealed that the formation of high‐purity monoclinic HTO (hydrogen titanate) precursor is the key to preparing TiO2(B) with high purity, which can be achieved via tailored‐design the solvent structures of Ti4+ in the precursor solution. Glycolic acid (GA) is favorable for the synthesis of high‐purity HTO, benefiting from its simplest spatial structure and coplanar carboxyl and hydroxyl groups for Ti4+ coordination, further leading to the formation of TiO2(B) with a high phase purity of 98.83% that exhibits excellent rate capability (80.5% capacity retention with current densities increased from 1 to 30 C), thus making it a promising candidate for simultaneous energy and power density LIBs anode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural and electrochemical properties of bismuth ferrite nanostructures produced by pulsed laser deposition with various morphologies are reported. The nanostructures are also explored as electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that various bismuth ferrite morphologies were produced by varying the background pressure (10−6, 0.01, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 Torr) in the deposition chamber and submitting them to a thermal treatment after deposition at 500 ◦C. The as-deposited bismuth ferrite nanostructures range from very compact thin-film (10−6, 0.01, 0.10 Torr), to clustered nanoparticles (0.25, 0.50, 1.0 Torr), to very dispersed arrangement of nanoparticles (2.0 and 4.0 Torr). The electrochemical characteristic of the electrodes was investigated through cyclic voltammetry process. The increase in the specific surface area of the nanostructures as background pressure in the chamber increases does not lead to an increase in interfacial capacitance. This is likely due to the wakening of electrical contact between nanoparticles with increasing porosity of the nanostructures. The thermal treatment increased the contact between nanoparticles, which caused an increase in the interfacial capacitance of the nanostructure deposited under high background pressure in the chamber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the volume expansion effect during charge and discharge processes, the application of transition metal oxide anode materials in lithium-ion batteries is limited. Composite materials and carbon coating are often considered feasible improvement methods. In this study, three types of TiO2@Fe3O4@C microspheres with a core–double-shell structure, namely TFCS (TiO2@Fe3O4@C with 0.0119 g PVP), TFCM (TiO2@Fe3O4@C with 0.0238 g PVP), and TFCL (TiO2@Fe3O4@C with 0.0476 g PVP), were prepared using PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) as the carbon source through homogeneous precipitation and high-temperature carbonization methods. After 500 cycles at a current density of 2 C, the specific capacities of these three microspheres are all higher than that of TiO2@Fe2O3 with significantly improved cycling stability. Among them, TFCM exhibits the highest specific capacity of 328.3 mAh·g−1, which was attributed to the amorphous carbon layer effectively mitigating the capacity decay caused by the volume expansion of iron oxide during charge and discharge processes. Additionally, the carbon coating layer enhances the electrical conductivity of the TiO2@Fe3O4@C materials, thereby improving their rate performance. Within the range of 100 to 1600 mA·g−1, the capacity retention rates for TiO2@Fe2O3, TFCS, TFCM, and TFCL are 27.2%, 35.2%, 35.9%, and 36.9%, respectively. This study provides insights into the development of new lithium-ion battery anode materials based on Ti and Fe oxides with the abundance and environmental friendliness of iron, titanium, and carbon resources in TiO2@Fe3O4@C microsphere anode materials, making this strategy potentially applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]