48 results on '"elastomeri"'
Search Results
2. Novel filler to enhance thermal condcutivity of rubber nanocomposites
- Author
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GIANNINI, LUCA, Mirizzi, L, D'ARIENZO, MASSIMILIANO, MIRIZZI, LORENZO, GIANNINI, LUCA, Mirizzi, L, D'ARIENZO, MASSIMILIANO, and MIRIZZI, LORENZO
- Abstract
I nanocompositi di gomma mostrano generalmente una scarsa conduttività termica, che può essere parzialmente migliorata dall'aggiunta di riempitivi termicamente conduttivi, ad esempio grafite, nerofumo, fibre di carbonio, particelle di ceramica o di metallo. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo sono in genere necessari concentrazioni di riempimento elevate; tuttavia, ciò altera notevolmente il comportamento meccanico e la densità di reticolazione dei materiali finali. Inoltre, i sistemi di riempimento attualmente impiegati non sono in grado di soddisfare contemporaneamente i requisiti chiave di elevata conducibilità termica e prestazioni meccaniche. In questo contesto, l'attività di ricerca del dottorato mira a progettare nuovi riempitivi adatti allo sviluppo di nanocompositi di gomma con elevata conducibilità termica e prestazioni meccaniche soddisfacenti. Sarà condotta un'indagine su diversi nano-riempitivi termicamente conduttivi, studiando in profondità le correlazioni tra struttura, morfologia, dispersione e distribuzione delle nanoparticelle nella matrice polimerica e proprietà finali dei compositi. Le migliori formulazioni verranno selezionate ed eventualmente scalate al fine di fornire reali applicazioni tecnologiche., Rubber nanocomposites generally exhibit poor thermal conductivity, which has been partially enhanced by the addition of thermally conductive fillers, i.e. graphite, carbon black, carbon fibres, ceramic or metal particles. High filler loadings are typically necessary to achieve this target; however, this dramatically alters the mechanical behaviour and the cross-linking density of the final materials. Further, the filler systems currently employed are not able to fulfil the key requirements of high thermal conductivity and remarkable performances, simultaneously. In this context, the PhD research activity aims at design novel fillers suitable for developing rubber nanocomposites with high thermal conductivity and satisfactory mechanical performances. A survey of different conductive nanofillers will be carried out, by investigating in depth the correlations between nanoparticles structure, morphology, dispersion and distribution in the polymer matrix, and final composites properties. The best formulations will be selected and possibly up-scaled in order to provide real technological applications.
- Published
- 2023
3. Novel filler to enhance thermal condcutivity of rubber nanocomposites
- Author
-
MIRIZZI, LORENZO, Mirizzi, L, and D'ARIENZO, MASSIMILIANO
- Subjects
Allumina ,Thermal Condcutivity ,ConucubilitàTermica ,Nanocomposite ,CHIM/03 - CHIMICA GENERALE ED INORGANICA ,Nanocompositi ,Alumina ,Elastomeri ,Elastomer ,Graphite ,Grafite - Abstract
I nanocompositi di gomma mostrano generalmente una scarsa conduttività termica, che può essere parzialmente migliorata dall'aggiunta di riempitivi termicamente conduttivi, ad esempio grafite, nerofumo, fibre di carbonio, particelle di ceramica o di metallo. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo sono in genere necessari concentrazioni di riempimento elevate; tuttavia, ciò altera notevolmente il comportamento meccanico e la densità di reticolazione dei materiali finali. Inoltre, i sistemi di riempimento attualmente impiegati non sono in grado di soddisfare contemporaneamente i requisiti chiave di elevata conducibilità termica e prestazioni meccaniche. In questo contesto, l'attività di ricerca del dottorato mira a progettare nuovi riempitivi adatti allo sviluppo di nanocompositi di gomma con elevata conducibilità termica e prestazioni meccaniche soddisfacenti. Sarà condotta un'indagine su diversi nano-riempitivi termicamente conduttivi, studiando in profondità le correlazioni tra struttura, morfologia, dispersione e distribuzione delle nanoparticelle nella matrice polimerica e proprietà finali dei compositi. Le migliori formulazioni verranno selezionate ed eventualmente scalate al fine di fornire reali applicazioni tecnologiche. Rubber nanocomposites generally exhibit poor thermal conductivity, which has been partially enhanced by the addition of thermally conductive fillers, i.e. graphite, carbon black, carbon fibres, ceramic or metal particles. High filler loadings are typically necessary to achieve this target; however, this dramatically alters the mechanical behaviour and the cross-linking density of the final materials. Further, the filler systems currently employed are not able to fulfil the key requirements of high thermal conductivity and remarkable performances, simultaneously. In this context, the PhD research activity aims at design novel fillers suitable for developing rubber nanocomposites with high thermal conductivity and satisfactory mechanical performances. A survey of different conductive nanofillers will be carried out, by investigating in depth the correlations between nanoparticles structure, morphology, dispersion and distribution in the polymer matrix, and final composites properties. The best formulations will be selected and possibly up-scaled in order to provide real technological applications.
- Published
- 2023
4. TD-NMR FOR STRUCTURAL AND DYNAMICAL STUDIES OF COMPLEX MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS
- Author
-
Besghini, D, SIMONUTTI, ROBERTO, BESGHINI, DENISE, Besghini, D, SIMONUTTI, ROBERTO, and BESGHINI, DENISE
- Abstract
La Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare (NMR) è una delle tecniche più potenti per studiare proprietà chimiche e fisiche dei materiali. Negli ultimi anni, (LF-)NMR a basso campo si è affermata come una valida alternativa per indagare proprietà fisiche e strutturali di materiali organici. Opportune modifiche alle sequenze di impulsi hanno permesso di eseguire rilassometria, quantificazione di fasi, determinazione della densità di crosslink in molti materiali polimerici. La dipendenza dei parametri NMR, come T2 e T1, dal tempo di correlazione li rende di grande importanza per studiare la dinamica di molecole e catene polimeriche, e la possibilità di eccitare transizioni multiquanto (MQ) permette di ricavare gli accoppiamenti dipolari residui (Dres), che possono essere correlati con la densità di vincoli. Il comportamento NMR si correla bene con le proprietà macroscopiche. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è stato mostrare l'applicabilità di NMR nel dominio del tempo (TD) a basso campo a vari materiali con potenziale interesse industriale, per comprendere meglio la loro struttura e le relazioni struttura-proprietà. L'analisi del rilassamento dell'acqua è stata sfruttata per studiare il processo di termogelazione di soluzioni di metilcellulosa (MC). I tempi di rilassamento del solvente nel gel non rispettano le condizioni BPP a causa di moti vincolati. L'accelerazione del rilassamento e moti anisotropi sono coerenti con l'effetto combinato di acqua intrappolata nella regione amorfa di fibrille semicristalline e rilassamento del solvente alla superficie della regione cristallina. E’ discusso l'effetto della concentrazione e PM delle catene di MC sul rilassamento. MSE in D2O mostra formazione di frazione rigida, assegnata sia al dominio cristallino che interfacciale, corrispondente al 57% di tutti i protoni. La determinazione di questo grado di cristallinità spiega il comportamento semiflessibile delle fibrille e alti moduli dei gel. L'evoluzione dei tempi di rilassamento e, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is one of the most powerful techniques to study chemical and physical properties of materials. In the last years, Low Field (LF) NMR instruments affirmed as a valuable alternative to conduct physical and structural investigation of organic materials. Appropriate adjustment of pulse sequences has allowed to perform relaxometry experiments, phases quantification, determination of crosslinks density and degree of order in many polymeric materials. The dependence of NMR parameters, such as T2 and T1, on the correlation time of fast and slower motions makes them of major importance to study the microscopic dynamics of molecules and polymer chains and the possibility to excite multiple quantum (MQ) transitions permits to quantify residual dipolar couplings (Dres), which can be correlated with the density of constraints. The NMR behavior correlates well with macroscopic properties. In this work, we aimed at showing the applicability of LF Time Domain (TD) NMR to a range of materials with potential industrial interest, to better understand their structure and structure-property relationships. Analysis of water relaxation has been exploited to study the thermogelation process of methylcellulose (MC) solutions. Solvent relaxation times in gel deviates from BPP conditions due to hindered motion. Relaxation acceleration and motional anisotropy are consistent with combined effect of water trapped in the amorphous region of semicrystalline fibrils, and surface solvent relaxation onto the crystalline region. The effect of concentration and Mw of MC chains on relaxation is discussed. MSE measurements in D2O allows the determination of the rigid fraction, which is assigned to both crystalline and interfacial domain, corresponding to 57% of all protons, in accord with expected crystallinity and interfacial part of MC. The determination of this crystallinity degree in MC explains semiflexible behavior of fibrils and gels high moduli. Evolution of relax
- Published
- 2022
5. Multifunctionalized molecular systems for elastomers functionalization and as innovative crosslinkers in rubber compounds
- Author
-
DE BELLIS, V, PAPAGNI, ANTONIO, DE BELLIS, VITO, DE BELLIS, V, PAPAGNI, ANTONIO, and DE BELLIS, VITO
- Abstract
Lo scopo di questo progetto di dottorato riguarda la sintesi di una nuova classe di molecole reticolanti per polimeri utilizzati nel mondo degli pneumatici. In particolare, queste molecole devono essere stabili a temperatura ambiente ma in grado reagire termicamente con la matrice polimerica a temperature maggiori di 100 °C, formando legami covalenti irreversibili. Questi funzionalizzanti devono essere anche semplici da sintetizzare, integrabili in un processo industriale, versatili, economici, relativamente poco tossici e in grado di interagire con il polimero senza però influenzarne significativamente le proprietà. In questo contesto è stato realizzato un sistema in grado di generare due specie reattive in due range di temperature diverse: la prima funzionalità genera un carbene, la seconda una specie 1,3-dipolare di tipo nitrilimminico. Entrambe le specie sono in grado di fornire cicloaddotti con sistemi olefinici. Dopo un’attenta ricerca bibliografica al fine di individuare i sistemi più adatti, sono stati sintetizzati sia composti noti in letteratura sia nuovi, cercando di modulare la temperatura di attivazione di queste strutture. Tutti i sistemi sintetizzati sono stati caratterizzati mediante analisi NMR e IR. La caratterizzazione è stata completata dall’analisi termogravimetrica (TGA), con la quale si è rilevata la temperatura di attivazione delle funzionalità presenti; nonchè la temperatura alla quale dovrebbe avvenire la reazione di cicloaddizione. Infine, sui sistemi più interessanti selezionati, sono state eseguite delle prove di reattività su sistemi polimerici modello e facilmente processabili su scala di laboratorio, al fine di dimostrare l’effettiva funzionalizzazione per via termica. Le molecole che presentavano caratteristiche tecnologiche più interessanti sono state preparate in quantità nell’ordine dei grammi necessari a condurre prove in mescola tramite un mini-mescolatore “Brabander”. Queste mescole sono state poi analizzate tramit, The aim of this PhD project concerns the synthesis of a new class of cross-linking molecules for polymers used in the world of tires. In particular, these molecules must be stable at room temperature but capable of reacting thermally with the polymer matrix at temperatures greater than 100 ° C, forming irreversible covalent bonds. These functionalizers must also be simple to synthesize, integrable in an industrial process, versatile, economical, relatively low toxic and able to interact with the polymer without significantly affecting its properties. In this context, a system that is able to generate two reactive species in two different temperature ranges was created: the first functionality generates a carbene, the second a 1,3-dipolar species of the nitrilimino type. Both species are capable of providing cycloadducts with olefinic systems. After careful bibliographic research in order to identify the most suitable systems, both known and new compounds were synthesized, trying to modulate the activation temperature of these structures. All synthesized systems were characterized by NMR and IR analyzes. The characterization was completed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), with which the activation temperature of the functions present was detected; as well as the temperature at which the cycloaddition reaction should take place. Finally, on the most interesting selected systems, reactivity tests were performed on model polymeric systems that could be easily processed on a laboratory scale, in order to demonstrate the actual functionalization by thermal means. The molecules that presented the most interesting technological characteristics were prepared in quantities in the order of grams necessary to conduct compound tests using a "Brabander" mixer. These compounds were then analyzed by RPA (Rubber Process Analyzer) to observe any positive effects of the functionalized polymers. The system with two different activation temperatures was used to study possible effects
- Published
- 2022
6. The properties of composites based on nr /csm rubber blend and waste rubber powder.
- Author
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Marković, Gordana, Marinović-Cincović, Milena, Jovanović, Vojislav, Kojić, Dejan, Vukić, Nevena, Samaržija-Jovanović, Suzana, and Budinski-Simendić, Jaroslava
- Abstract
The use of reclaiming scrap waste rubber is of great ecological interest due to its significant influence to the environment. Powdered waste rubber (WRP) can be used as a filler in mixtures with rubbers, thermoplastics, and as modifiers for asphalt. In this work the composites based on natural rubber (NR) and chlorosufonated polyethylene (CSM) filled with different content of WRP were prepared on a laboratory-size two-roll mixing mill. The curing by sulfur was done at 160º C. The mechanical properties, namely tensile strength, tensile modulus at 100% elongation, elongation at break and hardness have been followed up as a function of irradiation dose (100; 200; 300; 400 kGy), as well as waste rubber powder content (0; 20; 40; 60; 80; 100 phr). It was assessed that the addition of 20 phr waste rubber has improved the properties of obtained elastomeric materials. The improvement of composites mechanical properties is in correlation with homogeneous WRP distribution which has been assigned by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. HYPERELASTIC-MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION: A COMPARISON OF MATERIAL CONSTANTS.
- Author
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Keerthiwansa, Rohitha, Javorik, Jakub, and Kledrowetz, Jan
- Subjects
ELASTOMERS ,COMPUTER files ,FORECASTING ,DISPERSION (Atmospheric chemistry) ,DATA analysis - Abstract
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- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Evaluation of Elastomeric Impression Materials’ Hydrophilicity: An in vitro Study
- Author
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Dimitrios Tortopidis, Kosmas Tolidis, Konstantinos Tzimas, and Anna Theocharidou
- Subjects
Materials science ,MeSH terms: Dental Impression Materials ,Author keywords: Contact Angle ,Specific time ,RK1-715 ,medicine.disease_cause ,Elastomer ,Impression ,Contact angle ,Elastomers ,Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ,Hydrophilicity ,Elastomeric Impression Materials ,stomatološki materijali za otiske ,elastomeri ,hidrofobno i hidrofilno međudjelovanje ,Ključne riječi: kontaktni kut ,hidrofilnost ,elastomerni otisni materijali ,Mold ,Dentistry ,medicine ,Dental impression material ,In vitro study ,Impression Materials ,Stepwise development ,Original Scientific Papers ,General Dentistry ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Introduction: Hydrophilicity of dental impression materials is crucial for obtaining an accurate impression and necessary for the production of a well-fitting cast restoration. The most common technique for evaluation of hydrophilicity is a contact angle measurement. The aim of the present in vitro study was to compare the water contact angles of four groups of elastomeric impression materials, before and during setting. Material and methods: Flattened specimens (n=10) of tested impression materials were prepared by the use of a Teflon mold with specific dimensions. A 5μl droplet of deionized water fell on the specimen, and photos were taken using a Nikon D3200 DSLR camera and a 105 mm macro lens (Nikorr, Nikon) in specific time points. Results: The CAD/CAM material showed the highest contact angle measurements. The light body polyvinylsiloxane (PVS) material 1, polyether and vinylsiloxanether material showed comparable contact angle measurements especially at the initial time point. A statistically significant reduction of contact angles was reported during setup time for all PVS, PE and vinylsiloxanether materials, while the most expressed reduction of contact angle measurements, and thus the most significant increase of hydrophilicity were reported for light wash PVS material 2. Conclusions: The CAD/CAM impression material showed the most hydrophobic behavior. PVS materials showed excellent hydrophilicity. Polyether and polyvinyloxanether impression materials presented lower contact angle measurements, and thus superior hydrophilicity, compared with other tested materials initially and during setting. All tested impression materials presented a stepwise development of hydrophilicity during the setting stage., Uvod: Hidrofilnost otisnih materijala ključna je za preciznost otiska i prijeko potrebna za izradu nadomjestka s dobrim dosjedom. Najčešća tehnika za njezinu procjenu jest mjerenje kontaktnog kuta. Cilj ovoga istraživanja in vitro bio je usporediti kontaktne kutove vode u četirima skupinama elastomernih otisnih materijala, prije vezivanja i tijekom vezivanja. Materijali i metode: Spljošteni uzorci (n = 10) ispitanih otisnih materijala pripremljeni su u teflonskom kalupu specifičnih dimenzija. Kapljica deionizirane vode od 5 μL kapnuta je na uzorak, a fotografije su snimljene fotoaparatom Nikon D3200 DSLR i 105 mm makroobjektivom (Nikorr, Nikon) u određenim vremenskim točkama. Rezultati: CAD/CAM materijal imao je najveći kontaktni kut. Rijetki materijali polivinilsiloksan (PVS) 1, polieter i vinilsiloksaneter imali su usporedive mjere kontaktnoga kuta, posebno u početnoj vremenskoj točki. Statistički značajno smanjenje kontaktnih kutova zabilježeno je tijekom postavljanja za sve PVS-ove, PE-ove i vinilsiloksan, a najizraženije smanjenje, pa time i najznačajnije povećanje hidrofilnosti, zabilježeno za rijedak PVS 2. Zaključci: CAD/CAM otisni materijal imao je najhidrofobnija svojstva. PVS materijali imali su izvrsnu hidrofilnost. Polieterski i poliviniloksaneterski otisni materijali imali su manji kontaktni kut, pa tako i veću hidrofilnost u usporedbi s drugim ispitivanim materijalima na početku vezivanja i tijekom toga postupka. Svi ispitani otisni materijali postupno su razvijali hidrofilnost tijekom faze vezivanja.
- Published
- 2021
9. Multifunctionalized molecular systems for elastomers functionalization and as innovative crosslinkers in rubber compounds
- Author
-
DE BELLIS, VITO, DE BELLIS, V, and PAPAGNI, ANTONIO
- Subjects
funzionalizzazione ,cross-linker ,reticolanti ,CHIM/06 - CHIMICA ORGANICA ,functionalization ,Elastomeri ,sintesi ,synthesi ,diazirina ,cicloaddizioni - Abstract
Lo scopo di questo progetto di dottorato riguarda la sintesi di una nuova classe di molecole reticolanti per polimeri utilizzati nel mondo degli pneumatici. In particolare, queste molecole devono essere stabili a temperatura ambiente ma in grado reagire termicamente con la matrice polimerica a temperature maggiori di 100 °C, formando legami covalenti irreversibili. Questi funzionalizzanti devono essere anche semplici da sintetizzare, integrabili in un processo industriale, versatili, economici, relativamente poco tossici e in grado di interagire con il polimero senza però influenzarne significativamente le proprietà. In questo contesto è stato realizzato un sistema in grado di generare due specie reattive in due range di temperature diverse: la prima funzionalità genera un carbene, la seconda una specie 1,3-dipolare di tipo nitrilimminico. Entrambe le specie sono in grado di fornire cicloaddotti con sistemi olefinici. Dopo un’attenta ricerca bibliografica al fine di individuare i sistemi più adatti, sono stati sintetizzati sia composti noti in letteratura sia nuovi, cercando di modulare la temperatura di attivazione di queste strutture. Tutti i sistemi sintetizzati sono stati caratterizzati mediante analisi NMR e IR. La caratterizzazione è stata completata dall’analisi termogravimetrica (TGA), con la quale si è rilevata la temperatura di attivazione delle funzionalità presenti; nonchè la temperatura alla quale dovrebbe avvenire la reazione di cicloaddizione. Infine, sui sistemi più interessanti selezionati, sono state eseguite delle prove di reattività su sistemi polimerici modello e facilmente processabili su scala di laboratorio, al fine di dimostrare l’effettiva funzionalizzazione per via termica. Le molecole che presentavano caratteristiche tecnologiche più interessanti sono state preparate in quantità nell’ordine dei grammi necessari a condurre prove in mescola tramite un mini-mescolatore “Brabander”. Queste mescole sono state poi analizzate tramite RPA (Rubber Process Analyzer) per osservare eventuali effetti positivi dei polimeri funzionalizzati. Il sistema a due temperature di attivazione differenti è stato impiegato per studiare possibili effetti sulla morfologia delle fasi all’interno di blend polimerici: si sfrutta la diversa reattività delle componenti carbenica e nitrilimminica cercando di migliorare l’interazione dei due polimeri nonché le proprietà fisiche del materiale risultante. Tutti le mescole sono state caratterizzate anche tramite swelling, trazioni Dumbbell, DSC, DMA, frequency sweep e densità. The aim of this PhD project concerns the synthesis of a new class of cross-linking molecules for polymers used in the world of tires. In particular, these molecules must be stable at room temperature but capable of reacting thermally with the polymer matrix at temperatures greater than 100 ° C, forming irreversible covalent bonds. These functionalizers must also be simple to synthesize, integrable in an industrial process, versatile, economical, relatively low toxic and able to interact with the polymer without significantly affecting its properties. In this context, a system that is able to generate two reactive species in two different temperature ranges was created: the first functionality generates a carbene, the second a 1,3-dipolar species of the nitrilimino type. Both species are capable of providing cycloadducts with olefinic systems. After careful bibliographic research in order to identify the most suitable systems, both known and new compounds were synthesized, trying to modulate the activation temperature of these structures. All synthesized systems were characterized by NMR and IR analyzes. The characterization was completed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), with which the activation temperature of the functions present was detected; as well as the temperature at which the cycloaddition reaction should take place. Finally, on the most interesting selected systems, reactivity tests were performed on model polymeric systems that could be easily processed on a laboratory scale, in order to demonstrate the actual functionalization by thermal means. The molecules that presented the most interesting technological characteristics were prepared in quantities in the order of grams necessary to conduct compound tests using a "Brabander" mixer. These compounds were then analyzed by RPA (Rubber Process Analyzer) to observe any positive effects of the functionalized polymers. The system with two different activation temperatures was used to study possible effects on the morphology of the phases within polymeric blends: the different reactivity of the carbene and nitrilimine components is exploited, trying to improve the interaction of the two polymers as well as the physical properties of the resulting material. All compounds were also characterized by swelling, Dumbbell traction, DSC, DMA, frequency sweep and density.
- Published
- 2022
10. TD-NMR FOR STRUCTURAL AND DYNAMICAL STUDIES OF COMPLEX MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS
- Author
-
BESGHINI, DENISE, Besghini, D, and SIMONUTTI, ROBERTO
- Subjects
NMR Multiquanto ,CHIM/05 - SCIENZA E TECNOLOGIA DEI MATERIALI POLIMERICI ,Rilassometria ,Elastomeri ,Multiple Quantum NMR ,Polimeri ,Polymer ,Relaxometry ,TD-NMR - Abstract
La Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare (NMR) è una delle tecniche più potenti per studiare proprietà chimiche e fisiche dei materiali. Negli ultimi anni, (LF-)NMR a basso campo si è affermata come una valida alternativa per indagare proprietà fisiche e strutturali di materiali organici. Opportune modifiche alle sequenze di impulsi hanno permesso di eseguire rilassometria, quantificazione di fasi, determinazione della densità di crosslink in molti materiali polimerici. La dipendenza dei parametri NMR, come T2 e T1, dal tempo di correlazione li rende di grande importanza per studiare la dinamica di molecole e catene polimeriche, e la possibilità di eccitare transizioni multiquanto (MQ) permette di ricavare gli accoppiamenti dipolari residui (Dres), che possono essere correlati con la densità di vincoli. Il comportamento NMR si correla bene con le proprietà macroscopiche. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è stato mostrare l'applicabilità di NMR nel dominio del tempo (TD) a basso campo a vari materiali con potenziale interesse industriale, per comprendere meglio la loro struttura e le relazioni struttura-proprietà. L'analisi del rilassamento dell'acqua è stata sfruttata per studiare il processo di termogelazione di soluzioni di metilcellulosa (MC). I tempi di rilassamento del solvente nel gel non rispettano le condizioni BPP a causa di moti vincolati. L'accelerazione del rilassamento e moti anisotropi sono coerenti con l'effetto combinato di acqua intrappolata nella regione amorfa di fibrille semicristalline e rilassamento del solvente alla superficie della regione cristallina. E’ discusso l'effetto della concentrazione e PM delle catene di MC sul rilassamento. MSE in D2O mostra formazione di frazione rigida, assegnata sia al dominio cristallino che interfacciale, corrispondente al 57% di tutti i protoni. La determinazione di questo grado di cristallinità spiega il comportamento semiflessibile delle fibrille e alti moduli dei gel. L'evoluzione dei tempi di rilassamento e della frazione rigida di polveri da rifiuti organici e dai film derivati è stata interpretata in relazione alla composizione e aggiunta di plastificanti, per proporre un metodo semplice per verificare la fattibilità di una fonte biologica come materiale filmogeno e se alcuni processi siano efficaci per migliorare la filmabilità. La composizione di polvere di kiwi, baccello di cacao e buccia di avocado è determinata mediante spettri CPMAS 13C NMR analizzati con un semplice algoritmo sviluppato internamente, valutato grazie alla sovrapposizione di spettri simulati. Riferendosi alle composizioni stimate, è monitorata l'evoluzione termica di frazione rigida, momento secondo e mobilità della frazione mobile di polveri, film idrolizzati con acidi diversi e dopo aggiunta di glicerolo o polimeri, ottenendo correlazioni con la coesione dei film. L'effetto plastificante dell'acqua è studiato su film di carota. Alte quantità d’acqua riducono la frazione rigida, aumentando la mobilità della componente amorfa, e a sua volta la flessibilità dei film. Il dominio non influenzato dall'umidità è stato associato alla cellulosa cristallina, calcolata pari al 29%. Infine, MQ NMR è stata applicata a elastomeri “esotici” per determinare le loro funzioni di correlazione e grado di ordine attraverso il calcolo del Dres. Combinando rilassometria, reologia, 129Xe NMR, è stata data un'interpretazione microscopica dello smorzamento, ottenendo che i gruppi nitrilici causano maggiori attriti, che, accompagnato a un'ampia distribuzione dei tempi di correlazione, sono responsabili dell'elevato damping ad alta temperatura. L'aggiunta di gruppi CH3, aumentando il volume libero e consentendo moti cooperativi, riduce l'attrito e quindi il damping. La vulcanizzazione non influenza il damping relativo delle mescole, anche se NBR e NBIR possono raggiungere densità di reticolazione elevate, indicando che buon damping viene mantenuto anche in prodotti industriali. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is one of the most powerful techniques to study chemical and physical properties of materials. In the last years, Low Field (LF) NMR instruments affirmed as a valuable alternative to conduct physical and structural investigation of organic materials. Appropriate adjustment of pulse sequences has allowed to perform relaxometry experiments, phases quantification, determination of crosslinks density and degree of order in many polymeric materials. The dependence of NMR parameters, such as T2 and T1, on the correlation time of fast and slower motions makes them of major importance to study the microscopic dynamics of molecules and polymer chains and the possibility to excite multiple quantum (MQ) transitions permits to quantify residual dipolar couplings (Dres), which can be correlated with the density of constraints. The NMR behavior correlates well with macroscopic properties. In this work, we aimed at showing the applicability of LF Time Domain (TD) NMR to a range of materials with potential industrial interest, to better understand their structure and structure-property relationships. Analysis of water relaxation has been exploited to study the thermogelation process of methylcellulose (MC) solutions. Solvent relaxation times in gel deviates from BPP conditions due to hindered motion. Relaxation acceleration and motional anisotropy are consistent with combined effect of water trapped in the amorphous region of semicrystalline fibrils, and surface solvent relaxation onto the crystalline region. The effect of concentration and Mw of MC chains on relaxation is discussed. MSE measurements in D2O allows the determination of the rigid fraction, which is assigned to both crystalline and interfacial domain, corresponding to 57% of all protons, in accord with expected crystallinity and interfacial part of MC. The determination of this crystallinity degree in MC explains semiflexible behavior of fibrils and gels high moduli. Evolution of relaxation times and rigid fraction of powders from biowaste and their derived films have been interpreted in relation to their composition and addition of plasticizers, to propose a simple method to check the feasibility of a biosource as film forming material and if a certain processing has been effective to improve the filmability. Composition of powders of Kiwifruit, Cocoa Pod Husk and Avocado Peel is determined by CPMAS 13C NMR spectra analyzed with an internally developed, simple algorithm. It works quite well, as assessed by superposition of simulated spectra. Referring to the estimated compositions, interpretation of the thermal evolution of rigid fraction, second moment and mobility of the mobile fraction are made for powders, hydrolyzed films with different acids and after the addition of glycerol or other polymers, obtaining good match with the film cohesion. Water plasticizing effect was estimated on carrot films. High water content reduces the rigid fraction, improving the mobility of amorphous components, in turn increasing flexibility of the films. The domain not affected by humidity was associated to crystalline cellulose, which was calculated to be 29%. Finally, MQ NMR has been applied to specialty polymers to directly obtain their correlation functions and degree of order through Dres calculation. Connecting them with NMR relaxation, rheology, 129Xe NMR, a microscopic interpretation of damping has been given, obtaining that cyanide groups cause higher chain friction, which, accompanied by a wide correlation times distribution, is responsible for high damping showed at high temperature. The addition of CH3 groups increasing free volume and allowing for cooperative motion, reduces friction and thus damping. Vulcanization does not influence the relative damping ability of the compounds, although high crosslinks density can be reached by NBR and NBIR, indicating that good damping abilities are kept also in industrial products.
- Published
- 2022
11. Measurement of the accuracy of dental working casts using a coordinate measuring machine.
- Author
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Potran, Michal, Štrbac, Branko, Puškar, Tatjana, Hadžistević, Miodrag, Hodolič, Janko, and Trifković, Branka
- Subjects
- *
DENTAL casting , *DENTAL fillings , *DENTAL impressions , *COORDINATE measuring machines , *DENTAL equipment - Abstract
Background/Aim. Dental impressions present a negative imprint of intraoral tissues of a patient which is, by pouring in gypsum, transferred extraorally on the working cast. Casting an accurate and precise working cast presents the first and very important step, since each of the following stages contributes to the overall error of the production process, which can lead to inadequately fitting dental restorations. The aim of this study was to promote and test a new model and technique for in vitro evaluation of the dental impression accuracy, as well as to asses the dimensional stability of impression material depending on the material bulk, and its effect on the accuracy of working casts. Methods. Impressions were made by the monophasic technique using the experimental master model. Custom trays with spacing of 1, 2 and 3 mm were constructed by rapid prototyping. The overall of 10 impressions were made with each custom tray. Working casts were made with gypsum type IV. Measurement of working casts was done 24 h later using a coordinate measuring machine. Results. The obtained results show that the working casts of all the three custom trays were in most cases significantly different in the transversal and sagittal planes in relation to the master model. The height of abutments was mainly unaffected. The degree of convergence showed certain significance in all the three custom trays, most pronounced in the tray with 3 mm spacing. Conclusion. The impression material bulk of 1-3 mm could provide accurate working casts when using the monophasic impression technique. The increase of the distance between abutment teeth influences the accuracy of working casts depending on the material bulk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Polymer as a building material
- Author
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Kosor, Marko, Netinger Grubeša, Ivanka, Guljaš, Ivica, and Hadzima-Nyarko, Marijana
- Subjects
polimeri ,elastomeri ,duromeri ,svojstva polimera ,primjena polimera ,dodaci ,polimerni materijali - Abstract
U radu su opisani i analizirani polimerni materijali te sami polimeri kao materijal čija primjena bilježi veliki porast u posljednjih 50- ak godina. Rad je podijeljen na osam poglavlja, od kojih se u uvodnom poglavlju objašnjava što su zapravo polimeri te se spominje njihova sve veća upotreba i korištenje polimernih materijala. Zatim u drugom poglavlju slijedi objašnjenje kako je došlo do početka korištenja polimernih materijala te porast primjene istih ali i količina polimera s obzirom na druge materijale. Treće poglavlje govori o podjeli polimera na tri osnovne skupine, elastomere, duromere te plastomere. Opisane su osnovne karakteristike i svojstva svake skupine kao i gdje se koja skupina koristi. Osim osnovnih skupina navedeni su i dodaci koji se u suvremeno vrijeme koriste radi poboljšanja karateristika osnovnog polimernog materijala. Nakon podjele, slijedi četvrto poglavlje u kojemu su navedena i detaljno opisana svojstva polimera, kako mehanička tako i ona nemehanička. Svojstva su opisana poprilično detaljno radi lakšeg razumijevanja samog materijala ali i predviđanja ponašanja materijala u određenim situacijama. U petom poglavlju navedena je široka primjena koja obuhvaća razne toplinskoizolacijske i vodoizolacijske materijale, završne slojeve podova ili zidova, zaštitne premaze, dodatke mortovima, betonima, bojama i lakovima, izrada cijevi i sl. Također, spomenute su određene prednosti primjene polimernih materijala ali i njihovi nedostatci. U predzadnjem poglavlju izvedene su sve kratice polimernih materijala te njihovi puni nazivi. Nakon toga slijedi zaključak, a na samom kraju rada navedeni su izvori korišteni za izradu.
- Published
- 2020
13. Razvoj in snovanje novega krmiljenja zaporne igle pri injekcijskem brizganju elastomerov
- Author
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Borštnar, Andraž and Benedičič, Janez
- Subjects
udc:678.027.74:678.074(043.2) ,segrevanje zmesi ,elastomers ,heating of materials ,hladni bloki ,injection molding ,injekcijsko brizganje ,design ,cooling blocks ,elastomeri ,nastavljanje zaporne igle ,location of locking needle ,snovanje - Abstract
Hladni blok na orodjih služi za zmanjševanje porabe gume pri brizganju izdelkov. V nalogi je predstavljen razvoj pogona zaporne igle v hladnem bloku. Pogon je izveden tako, da lahko določimo poljubno pozicijo zapiralne igle in s tem povzročimo režo. Ko material potuje skozi režo se zaradi trenja segreje. Pregret material v formi pa pomeni krajši čas vulkanizacije in posledično krajši časi ciklov brizganja izdelkov. Pri snovanju je bila zelo pomembna omejitev prostor, ter povišana temperatura okolja. A cooling block is a part of the working tools. Its purpose is to minimise the consumption of rubber when injecting products. This work aims to present the development of the locking needle's drive in the cooling block. The drive enables a user to specify a location which causes a cut. When material travels through the cut, it warms up due to friction. However, the increased temperature causes a decrease in time of vulcanisation and product injection cycles. The results showed the importance of location restrictions and higher temperature of the working environment.
- Published
- 2020
14. Polimeri -- od prapočetaka do plastike i elastomera.
- Author
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Čatić, Igor, Barić, Gordana, Cvjetičanin, Nenad, Galić, Kata, Godec, Damir, Grancarić, Ana Maria, Katavić, Ivan, Kovačić, Tonka, Raos, Pero, Rogić, Ana, Rujnić-Sokele, Maja, Vranješ, Nina, Vrsaljko, Domagoj, and Andričić, Branka
- Subjects
- *
POLYMER research , *FLOW charts , *POLYSACCHARIDES , *NUCLEIC acids , *BIOPOLYMERS , *PLASTICS , *ELASTOMERS - Abstract
Based on the philosophic ideas of O. Spengler and Aristotle it has been determined that polymers are ancient since they reach back all the way to the origin of the basic natural organic and inorganic polymers. At the same time it has been noted that the word polymers is frequently used as a common name for plastics and elastomers. Since the basic natural organic polymers: proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides there is a long historical path. An attempt was made to present this path by means of a flow chart. For the mentioned description numerous definitions are required, as well as a motivating basis. This was done in Annexes A and B. The conclusion of the research is that primary shaping and primary structuring of natural polymers is around 3.5 billion years old and human separation with natural tools about 3.4 million years. Anyone involved in polymers should be educated at an adequate level of the necessary knowledge with the developed flowchart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
15. Imidazolija jonu šķidrumu ietekme uz nitrila elastomēra īpašībām
- Author
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Vancoviča, Elza, Baķis, Eduards, and Latvijas Universitāte. Ķīmijas fakultāte
- Subjects
JONU ŠĶIDRUMI ,STIEPES IZTURĪBA ,ELASTOMĒRI ,NITRILA ,Ķīmija - Abstract
Darbā sintezēti vairāki jonu šķidrumi ([C2C1im][MeCO2], [C2C¬1im][C5H11CO2], [C8C1im][BF4], [C2C1im][NTf2], [C4C1im][NTf2]) un to struktūras pierādītas ar 1H KMR, 13C-KMR metodēm. Pārbaudīta to ietekme uz akrilnitrila – butadiēna elastomēra īpašībām. Noteikta stiepes izturība un maksimālais pagarinājums akrilnitrila – butadiēna blīvēm pēc izturēšanas jonu šķidrumos paaugstinātā temperatūrā 21 h – 8 dienas. Jonu šķidrumi ekstrahēti ar heptānu un analizēti ar GS-MS., Effects of imidazolium ionic liquids on nitrile elastomer properties. Vancoviča E., supervisor doc. Baķis E. Bachelor’s thesis in chemistry, 44 pages, 13 figures, 7 table, 33 literature references, 3 appendices. In Latvian. Several ionic liquids ([C2C1im][MeCO2], [C2C¬1im][C5H11CO2], [C8C1im][BF4], [C2C1im][NTf2], [C4C1im][NTf2]) have been synthesised and their structures proven using 1H NMR, 13C-NMR. Effects of [C2C1im][MeCO2], [C2C¬1im][C5H11CO2], [C8C1im][BF4], [C2C1im][NTf2] on nitrile elastomers have been studied. Tensile strenght and elongation have been determined after exposing elastomers to ionic liquids for 21 h to 8 days at elevated temperature. After that ionic liquids have been extracted and analysed using GS-MS.
- Published
- 2020
16. Validacija učinka in funkcionalnosti teflonskih grednih tesnil
- Author
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Ostrouška, Martin, Ambrož, Miha, and Kušar, Janez
- Subjects
udc:620.165.2:62-762:678.074(043.2) ,gredna tesnila ,testiranje ,elastomers ,shaft seals ,elastomeri ,tesnjenje ,PTFE ,sealing ,friction torque ,testing ,zavorni moment - Abstract
V magistrskem delu smo obravnavali gredno tesnilo na teflonski osnovi, ki je namenjeno delovanju v suhih pogojih. Ker ta tehnologija v izbranem podjetju še ni bila preizkušena, smo se odločili za raziskavo in razvoj ustrezne naprave za njeno testiranje. Raziskava je v veliki meri praktične narave, oz. je osredotočena na validacijo grednega tesnila, za kar smo na začetku morali razviti testni model in načrt testiranja, s katerim določimo parametre, ki nam nato prinesejo zadovoljive rezultate, na podlagi katerih bomo lahko naredili končne ugotovitve. Iz meritev smo ugotovili, da je gredno tesnilo delovalo po specifikacijah proizvajalca, kar pomeni, da je sposobno obratovati in zagotavljati tesnost tudi po različnih obremenitvenih testih. The thesis discusses a teflon based radial shaft seal, the intended use of which is to operate in dry conditions. Because this technology has not yet been reasearched in the company, the decision was made to reasearch and develop a suitable test model. The research is of a practical nature, respectively focused on the validation of the radial shaft seal, for which the test model and test plan diagram were developed. The test plan diagram was used to define procedures and parameters of measurments, in order to ensure suitable in reliable results. Analysis results showed that the radial shaft seal worked as defined by the manufacturer and is thus capable of operating and remaining functional even after enduring different load tests.
- Published
- 2019
17. Development of a Fuzzy Model for Prediction of Elastomer Properties
- Author
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Jasminka Bonato, Vinko Tomas, and Nikola Tomac
- Subjects
Computer science ,business.industry ,Fuzzy model ,General Engineering ,Elastomer ,NRMSE ,Fuzzy logic ,RMSE ,Development (topology) ,Elastomers ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,elastomeri ,fuzzy logika ,Artificial intelligence ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,business - Abstract
Elastomers are amorphous polymers widely used in many applications. Degradability and durability of elastomers are very important properties, which can be strongly influenced by several types of physical and chemical processes such as impact of weather conditions, aging etc. These processes can cause structural changes, which may lead to the destruction of the quality of elastomer materials, like a deterioration of their mechanical and electrical properties, and ultimately a total loss of material functionality. A large number of investigations with various experimental procedures were carried out in order to provide a better understanding of the relationship between the structure of material and its mechanical properties. This paper presents a Fuzzy model, which was constructed for anticipation of elastomers behavior based on experimental research data. In addition, a linear model was made, based on the measured and literature data, for assessing the effect of radiation and deformation on properties of elastomer specimens. The Normalized Roth Mean Square Error (NRMSE) and the Roth Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used to evaluate the results of the Fuzzy model.
- Published
- 2019
18. ELASTOMERIC COPOLYMERS WITH A HIGH SULFUR CONTENT AND PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION
- Author
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DE ANGELIS ALBERTO RENATO, BOGGIONI LAURA, and LOSIO SIMONA
- Subjects
elastomeri ,zolfo - Published
- 2019
19. Vpliv spreminjanja reže v dolivni šobi na temperaturo pri injekcijskem brizganju elastomerov
- Author
-
Petkovšek, Roman and Pepelnjak, Tomaž
- Subjects
segrevanje zmesi ,elastomers ,injekcijsko brizganje ,hladni kanali ,compound heating simulations ,cold runner systems ,elastomeri ,simulacije ,injection moulding - Abstract
V diplomskem delu smo preizkusili vpliv reže na segrevanje brizgane zmesi v šobi hladnega kanala z zapornimi iglami. Zmes smo želeli segreti zaradi krajših časov vulkanizacije in lažjega zalivanja izdelka. S programom Sigmasoft smo izdelali parametrično simulacijo v kateri smo preverili vpliv različne geometrije, parametrov brizganja ter dve različni zmesi. Sledil je še realen preizkus podobne tehnologije brizganja z dvojno injekcijo. V simulaciji in v realnem preizkusu so bile uporabljene iste zmesi, katerih točne lastnosti imamo pomerjene. Ugotovili smo, da se z našo tehnologijo približamo temperaturnim spremembam, ki jih dosegamo tudi z dvojno injekcijo ampak za to porabimo več tlaka. In final thesis we tested the effect of the gap on heating the injected compound in the cold runner nozzle. The compound is to be heated to shorten the cycle times and facilitate filling of the product. With the program Sigmasoft we created a parametric simulation in which we examined the influence of different geometry, injection parameters and two different compounds. After the simulation followed a realistic test of the similar technology. We tested injection unit with double injections. In the simulation and the real test the same compounds were used, of which accurate properties have been measured. We found out that out concept approaches temperature increases which are achieved with double injection, but with larger pressure input.
- Published
- 2018
20. Measurement of the accuracy of dental working casts using a coordinate measuring machine
- Author
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Branka Trifkovic, Michal Potran, Tatjana Puskar, Miodrag Hadzistevic, Branko Štrbac, and Janko Hodolic
- Subjects
Denture Bases ,Dental Impression Technique ,Computer science ,0206 medical engineering ,Abutment ,oblikovanje ,02 engineering and technology ,Coordinate-measuring machine ,Calcium Sulfate ,computer-aided design ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,zubna proteza ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Denture Design ,osetljivost i specifičnost ,Orthodontics ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Dental Casting Technique ,elastomers ,kompjutersko oblikovanje ,denture bases ,Dental Impression Materials ,denture design ,Reproducibility of Results ,030206 dentistry ,020601 biomedical engineering ,Models, Dental ,Impression ,Resins, Synthetic ,Tray ,Dental impression ,baze ,Casting (metalworking) ,sensitivity and specificity ,Computer-aided ,Dental impression material ,elastomeri ,Computer-Aided Design ,lcsh:Medicine (General) - Abstract
Background/Aim. Dental impressions present a negative imprint of intraoral tissues of a patient which is, by pouring in gypsum, transferred extraorally on the working cast. Casting an accurate and precise working cast presents the first and very important step, since each of the following stages contributes to the overall error of the production process, which can lead to inadequately fitting dental restorations. The aim of this study was to promote and test a new model and technique for in vitro evaluation of the dental impression accuracy, as well as to asses the dimensional stability of impression material depending on the material bulk, and its effect on the accuracy of working casts. Methods. Impressions were made by the monophasic technique using the experimental master model. Custom trays with spacing of 1, 2 and 3 mm were constructed by rapid prototyping. The overall of 10 impressions were made with each custom tray. Working casts were made with gypsum type IV. Measurement of working casts was done 24 h later using a coordinate measuring machine. Results. The obtained results show that the working casts of all the three custom trays were in most cases significantly different in the transversal and sagittal planes in relation to the master model. The height of abutments was mainly unaffected. The degree of convergence showed certain significance in all the three custom trays, most pronounced in the tray with 3 mm spacing. Conclusion. The impression material bulk of 1-3 mm could provide accurate working casts when using the monophasic impression technique. The increase of the distance between abutment teeth influences the accuracy of working casts depending on the material bulk., Uvod/Cilj. Otisak predstavlja negativ intraoralnih tkiva, čijim se izlivanjem u gipsu njihova morfologija prenosi ekstraoralno na budući radni model. Sa laboratorijskog aspekta izrade zubnih nadoknada, izlivanje tačnog i preciznog radnog modela predstavlja prvi i veoma bitan korak, pošto svaka sledeća faza doprinosi daljem povećanju greške tokom izrade, što za krajnji ishod može imati neodgovarajuću zubnu nadoknadu. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ispitaju novi model i tehnika za in vitro procenu preciznosti zubnih otisaka, kao i da se odredi uticaj količine otisnog materijala na dimenzionu stabilnost otisaka i preciznost izrade radnih modela. Metode. Za uzimanje otisaka korišćena je monofazna tehnika otiskivanja. Individualne kašike sa međuprostorom od 1, 2 i 3 mm napravljene su aditivnom tehnologijom za brzu izradu prototipova. Sa svakom kašikom napravljeno je po 10 otisaka. Radni modeli izlivani su u gipsu tipa IV. Merenje radnih modela vršeno je nakon 24 sata na koordinatnoj mernoj mašini. Rezultati. Rezultati pokazuju da radni modeli napravljeni pomoću sve tri individulane kašike u transverzalnoj i sagitalnoj ravni značajno odstupaju od glavnog dela modela. Visina patrljaka je u većini slučajeva bila kao na glavnom modelu. Stepen konvergencije pokazao je određena odstupanja samo kod kašike sa međuprostorom od 3 mm. Zaključak. Monofazna tehnika otiskivanja i otisni materijal debljine od 1 do 3 mm obezbeđuju izradu preciznih radnih modela. Rastojanje između zubnih patrljaka utiče na preciznost izrade radnih modela u zavisnosti od količine otisnog materijala.
- Published
- 2018
21. Development of rubber injection-mold tool concept in the company Tesnila GK d.o.o
- Author
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Najrajter, Ervin and Drstvenšek, Igor
- Subjects
mechanical design ,elastomeri ,brizganje gume ,rubber injection ,brizgalna orodja ,udc:621.7.07-11:678.027.74(043.2) ,konstruiranje ,mold tool ,elastomer - Abstract
Diplomsko delo vsebuje predstavitev prototipnega orodja za brizganje gumijastih izdelkov, ki se je preizkusilo v podjetju Tesnila GK, d. o. o., na Prevaljah. Uvodoma so prikazane teoretične osnove brizganja polimernih izdelkov in lastnosti konstruiranja brizgalnih orodij. V drugem delu je predstavljena sestava prototipnega orodja, opis posameznih segmentov orodja ter delovanje orodja. V zaključku dela so prikazane omejitve preizkušenega prototipnega orodja. Thesis includes presentation of a prototype mold tool for injecting rubber parts, which was tested in company Tesnila GK, d. o. o., in Prevalje. Thesis begins with theoretical bases for injection molding of polymer materials and properties of designing injection molds. The second part of thesis presents the assembly of prototype mold tool with a description of individual segments of the tool and its functioning. In the conclusion is a representation of limitations of the tested prototype tool.
- Published
- 2017
22. Razpoznavnost lastniških imen polimernih materialov različnih podjetij v ortotiki in protetiki
- Author
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Rožanc, Ana and Sever Škapin, Andrijana
- Subjects
duroplasti ,termoplasti ,thermosets ,elastomers ,properties ,lastniška imena ,elastomeri ,proprietary names ,lastnosti ,thermoplastics - Abstract
Uvod: V ortotiki in protetiki so za izdelavo tehničnih pripomočkov ključnega pomena materiali, ki jih inženirji uporabljajo pri svojem delu. Izberemo jih glede na njihove lastnosti in predvideno uporabo, pri čemer pa so odločilne individualne potrebe bolnika. Ortotiki in protetiki so odgovorni in usposobljeni za ustrezno izbiro materialov in sestavnih delov za izdelavo. Najbolj so v uporabi polimerni materiali, ki se delijo v tri večje skupine: termoplasti, duroplasti in elastomeri. Njihova pomembna lastnost je, da se lahko oblikuje preko mavčnega modela. V svetu obstaja veliko proizvajalcev polimernih materialov. Zaradi lažje in hitrejše prepoznave so jih poimenovali s komercialnimi imeni in jim pripravili navodila o uporabi. Namen: Namen diplomske naloge je predstaviti termoplastične materiale ter njihove kemijske in fizikalne lastnosti. V obliki tabel bomo prikazali primerjavo lastniških imen in lastnosti nekaterih polimernih materialov petih podjetij, ki so specializirana na področju ortotike in protetike in imajo možnost njihove dobave. Metode dela: Diplomsko delo temelji na deskriptivni metodi ter analizi ponudb materialov petih večjih dobaviteljev, ki so trenutno na tržišču na področju ortotike in protetike. Rezultati: v prvi tabeli so prikazane lastnosti opisanih materialov (gostota, temperatura obdelave in tališča ter kemijska formula), v vseh ostalih pa so analizirana imena in lastnosti (uporaba, temperatura obdelave) petih podjetij, ki jih dobavljajo. Razprava in sklep: Nekateri materiali se pojavljajo pod istimi lastniškimi imeni pri več dobaviteljih, v veliki večini pa se razlikujejo. Tudi vseh ne dobavljajo vsa podjetja, določeni materiali se lahko pridobijo le pri nekaterih podjetjih. S pregledom materialov različnih dobaviteljev in predstavitvijo le-teh v tabelah smo želeli na enem mestu zbrati pomembnejše informacije o termoplastih, ki se jih uporablja za izdelavo tehničnih pripomočkov. Iz tabel bomo lahko povezali lastniška imena s polimernim materialom in njegovimi lastnostmi. Introduction: Crucial role in making technical accessories in orthotics and prosthetics is played by materials, which engineers use at their work. The materials are selected with regard to their properties and intended use, wherein a decisive factor is individual needs of a patient. Orthotists and prosthetists are responsible and educated for a suitable selection of materials and components. The most used are polymeric materials which are divided into three major groups: thermoplastics, thermosets and elastomers. Their important characteristic is the ability to be moulded in a plaster model. There are many manufacturers of polymeric materials worldwide. For making easier and faster distinction polymeric materials were named with commercial names and accompanied by instructions for use. Purpose: The aim of this diploma thesis is presentation of thermoplastic materials together with their chemical and phyisical properties. Additionally, we will use tables to show comparisons of proprietary names and characteristics of several polymeric materials produced by five companies, which are specialised in fields of orthotics and prosthetics, and are also able to supply them. Methods of work: The diploma thesis is based on a method of description as well as analysis of offers for materials formulated by five major suppliers, which currently dominate markets of orthotics and prosthetics. Results: In the first table properties of described materials (density, processing temperature, melting point and chemical formula) are shown, while in the remaining tables the names and properties (usage, temperature of processing) of polymeric materials of five suppliers are analysed. Discussion and conclusion: Some materials of different suppliers hold the same proprietary names, but a great majority of proprietary terms differs. Also, all included polymeric materials cannot be supplied by all companies, certain materials can be gained only by some of them. The overview of materials of various suppliers and their presentation in tables enabled us to collect important information on thermoplastics, which are used for making technical accessories. The tables allow us to connect proprietary names with polymeric materials and their characteristics.
- Published
- 2017
23. Waste rubber recycling
- Author
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Ptiček Siročić, Anita, Lonjak, Dario, and Florijanić, Franjo
- Subjects
polimerne mješavine, elastomeri, gumeni granulat, mehanička svojstva, reološka svojstva ,polimerne mješavine ,elastomeri ,gumeni granulat ,mehanička svojstva ,reološka svojstva ,polymer blends ,elastomers ,rubber granulate ,mechanical properties ,rheological properties - Abstract
Uzorci polimernih mješavina prirodne (NR)/stiren butadien (SBR) gume te gumenog granulata pripremljeni su prešanjem u laboratorijskoj preši. Određivanje reoloških svojstava uzoraka provedeno je na reometru i munimetru. Također, uzorcima su ispitana i mehanička svojstva odnosno prekidna čvrstoća, prekidno istezanje, daljnje zarezivanje, tvrdoća te odbojna elastičnost. Rezultati su pokazali da dodatak punila (gumeni granulat) ima utjecaj na mehanička i reološka svojstva svih uzoraka. Uzorci pripremljeni s većim udjelom gumenog granulata pokazuju smanjenje vrijednosti reoloških i mehaničkih svojstava u odnosu na uzorak bez gumenog granulata., Samples of polymer blends (NR/SBR/rubber granulate) are prepared by compressing in a laboratory press. Determining the rheological properties of the samples was performed on a rheometer and munimetru. NR/SBR/rubber granulate blends are characterized by determination of mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation, further scoring, hardness and repulsive elasticity). Results showed that addition of the filler (the rubber granules) has an effect on the mechanical and rheological properties of all the samples. The samples prepared with a higher amount of added rubber granules show a reduction of rheological and mechanical properties in comparison to the sample prepared without rubber granulates.
- Published
- 2016
24. POROUS ELASTOMERS BASED ON POLYURETHANES
- Author
-
Marot, Matic and Krajnc, Peter
- Subjects
emulzije z visokim deležem notranje faze ,zamreževala ,high internal phase emulsions ,elastomers ,photopolymerization ,elastomeri ,udc:678.074:678.664(043.2) ,porous polymers ,porozni polimeri ,crosslinkers ,fotopolimerizacija - Abstract
V diplomski nalogi so prikazani poskusi sinteze poroznega elastomera z uporabo fotopolimerizacije. Želeli smo sintetizirati elastomer z dobrimi mehanskimi lastnostmi, saj so porozni materiali po navadi krhki. Kot monomer smo uporabili alifatski uretanski diakrilat (AUD, Sartomer CN 965), ki smo ga dodali v emulzijo z visokim deležem notranje faze. Emulzijo smo mešali eno uro v bučki potopljeni v termostatirano vodo z mešalom pri 250 obratih na minuto. Nastale emulzije smo vlili v kalupe in spolimerizirali v UV komori, nato smo produkte očistili v izopropanolu in posušili. Posušene produkte smo analizirali s pomočjo vrstičnega elektronskega mikroskopa in FTIR spektroskopijo. Pri poskusih smo spreminjali pogoje, kot so temperatura, delež notranje faze, topila in surfaktana. Rezultati so pokazali tvorbo emulzij v širokem temperaturnem območju in pri različnih deležih interne faze, vendar so se nam produkti po sušenju precej skrčili, postali trdni in neelastični in nadaljnje analize v večini primerov niso pokazale lepo porozne strukture. Z namenom izboljšanja elastičnosti in poroznosti materiala smo k AUDju dodali različna zamreževala (MBAA in EGDMA) ter eksperimente izvedli v dušikovi atmosferi, saj prisotnost kisika v reakcijski zmesi lahko moti potek polimerizacije. Testirana zamreževala so izboljšala poroznost materiala, a so bili materiali precej bolj krhki, dušikova atmosfera pa je povzročila zgolj nastanek nehomogenih emulzij, ki niso dobro spolimerizirale. The graduation thesis shows attempts to synthesize a porous elastomer by means of photopolymerization. We wanted to synthesize an elastomer with good mechanical properties, because porous materials are usually brittle. As the monomer, we used an aliphatic urethane diacrylate (AUD, Sartomer CN 965), which was added into an emulsion with a high percentage of the internal phase. The emulsion was stirred for one hour in a flask immersed in thermostated water with a stirrer at 250 revolutions per minute. The resulting emulsion was poured into molds and polymerized in an UV oven, then the resulting product was purified in isopropanol and dried. Dried products were analyzed by means of a Scanning Electron Microscope and FTIR. In our experiments we varied the conditions, such as temperature and the proportion of internal phase, solvent, and surfactant. The results showed emulsion formation over a wide temperature range and at various portions of the internal phase, but the products shrunk significantly afer drying, became rigid and inelastic. Further analysis did not show a porous structure of the material in most casses. In order to improve the elasticity and porosity of the material we added different crosslinkers (MBAA and EGDMA) to our monomer and carried out some of our experiments in a nitrogen athmosphere, because the presence of oxygen in the reaction mixture can interfere with the course of polymerization. The tested crosslinkers improved porosity of the material, but the materials were more brittle. The usage of a nitrogen atmosphere resulted only in the formation of non-homogeneous emulsions that did not polymerize well.
- Published
- 2015
25. The influence of thermoplastic elastomers on morphological and mechanical properties of PP/talc composites
- Author
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Denac, Matjaž and Musil, Vojko
- Subjects
organska kemija ,termoplasti ,elastomers ,kemija ,morfologija ,kompoziti ,mechanical properties ,chemistry ,composites ,udc:678.074:678-1 ,organic chemistry ,mehanske lastnosti ,plastične mase ,morphology ,karakterizacija ,elastomeri ,characterization ,plastics ,polimeri ,polymers ,thermoplastics - Abstract
Recent investigations have shown that modification of polymer matrix with filler and elastomers significantly affects composite's mechanical properties. Isotactic PP modified with either untreated or treated talc and either SEBS or SEBS-gMA were used in these investigations. Samples were prepared by melt-mixing in a Brabender kneading chamber and were compression molded into plates on a laboratory press. The composites were characterised by measuring mechanical properties (Young's modulus, yield stress, notched impact strength) and by defining morphology. Binary sistems PP/talc and PP/elastomer containing up to 16 vol.% of talc and up to 10 vol.% of elastomer, as well as ternary PP/talc/elastomer composites with 12 vol.% talc were investigated. Ternary composite's yield stress was also calculated by semiempirical equations. We have found out, that the use of treated modifiers (talc or elastomer) improves adhesion with matrix, which reflects on mechanical properties as better stress transfer. Novejše raziskave so pokazale, da lahko z modifikacijo polimerne matrike s polnilom in elastomerno fazo znatno vplivamo na mehanske lastnosti nastalega kompozita. V raziskavah smo uporabili izotaktični PP ter ga modificirali z neobdelanim oz. obdelanim talkom in SEBS oz. SEBS-gMA. Vzorce smo pripravili preko taline v Brabenderjevem gnetilniku in s stiskanjem v plošče na laboratorijski stiskalnici. Karakterizirali smo jih z merjenjem mehanskih lastnosti (Youngov modul, meja plastičnosti, zarezna udarna žilavost) in z opredelitvijo morfologije. Preučevali smo binarne sisteme PP/talk in PP/elastomer z vsebnostjo talka do 16 vol.% in do 10 vol.% elastomera, kakor tudi ternarne kompozite PP/talk/elastomer z 12 vol.% talka. Mejo plastičnosti ternarnih kompozitov smo določili še s polempiričnimi enačbami. Ugotovili smo, da uporaba obdelanih modifikatorjev (talka oz. elastomera) izboljša adhezijo z matriko, kar odseva na mehanskih lastnostih kot boljši prenos napetosti.
- Published
- 2015
26. Primjena polimernih materijala u kućanstvu
- Author
-
Lipovac, Katarina
- Subjects
polimeri ,plastomeri ,elastomeri - Abstract
U radu je analizirana primjena polimernih materijala u kućanstvu. Pri tome se pokazalo da se polimerni materijali zbog svoje mase i svojstava koriste u svim granama proizvodnje te da su zamijenili osnovne konstrukcijske materijale. Polimeri mogu biti prirodni i sintetski. Vrlo lako se prerađuju i oblikuju, otporni su na koroziju, visoke temperature, habanje. U najzastupljenije polimerne materijale za široku potrošnju pripadaju: polietilen (PE) – koji uključuje polietilen niske gustoće (PE-LD), linearni polietilen niske gustoće (PE-LLD) i polietilen visoke gustoće (PE-HD), polipropilen (PP), poli(vinil-klorid) (PVC), poli(etilen-tereftalat) (PET), poliuretan (PUR).
- Published
- 2015
27. Tekočekristalni elastomeri
- Author
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Žebovec, Marta and Čepič, Mojca
- Subjects
tekoči kristali ,elastomeri ,udc:532.783(043.2) ,tekočekristalni elastomeri - Published
- 2014
28. UNAPREĐENJE TEHNIKE I TEHNOLOGIJE IZRADE BUŠOTINA PRIMJENOM TURBINSKIH BUŠILICA I VIJČANIH MOTORA
- Author
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Hećimović, Domagoj
- Subjects
turbinske bušilice ,vijčani motori ,usmjereno bušenje ,horizontalno bušenje ,dubinski motori ,elastomeri ,rotor ,stator - Abstract
Predmet istraživanja ovog rada jesu unapređenje tehnike i tehnologije izrade bušotina primjenom dva najzastupljenija tipa hidrauličkih motora: turbinskih bušilica i vijčanih motora te njihova međusobna usporedba. Osnovni cilj rada je prikazati prednosti i mane turbinskih bušilica i vijčanih motora u svrhu odabira optimalne alatke za učinkovitiju i ekonomičniju izradu kanala bušotine u danim realnim uvjetima. Pregledom dostupne tiskane literature i internetskih izvora ustanovljeno je kako se u posljednjih desetak godina vijčani motori, zahvaljujući značajnim unapređenjima karakteristika i svojstava materijala od kojih su izrađeni, sve više primjenjuju u tvrdim, abrazivnim i visokotemperaturnim sredinama u kojima su donedavno mogle biti korištene isključivo turbinske bušilice.
- Published
- 2014
29. Jauni viedie materiāli no multifāzu polimēru kompozīcijām, to fizikāli-mehānisko, deformatīvo un struktūras īpašību izmaiņas jonizējošā starojuma un magnētiskā lauka ietekmē
- Author
-
Reinholds, Ingars, Dr.habil.chem. Valdis Kaļķis, Ķīmijas fakultāte, Kaļķis, Valdis, and Latvijas Universitāte. Ķīmijas fakultāte
- Subjects
Ionizing radiation ,Chemistry ,Poliolefīni ,Elastomēri ,Jonizējošā radiācija ,Polymeric composites ,Magnētiskie lauki ,Polyolefins ,Polimērkompozīti ,Ķīmija, ķīmijas tehnoloģijas un biotehnoloģija ,Magnetic materials ,Ķīmija - Abstract
Promocijas darbā pētītas poliolefīnu – multifāzu kompozīcijas ar elastomēriem un šķērssaistīšanās promotoriem. Izvērtēta radiācijķīmiskās modificēšanas un lielas indukcijas magnētiskā lauka (B = 1,0-1,7 T) ietekme uz pētīto kompozītsistēmu stiprības-deformācijas, struktūras īpašībām, kā arī novērtēta magnētiskā lauka un jonizējošā starojuma mijiedarbības ietekme uz poliolefīnu makromolekulu šķērssaistīšanās efektivitāti. Iegūtas jaunas teorētiskas un praktiskas atziņas par radiācijķīmiski modificētu poliolefīnu multifāzu kompozīciju ekspluatācijas īpašībām, kas ļāva radīt jaunus uz polipropilēna bāzētus termonosēdmateriālus., Multiphase polyolefin compositions with elastomers and cross-linking promoters have been researched in the work. The influence of radiation-chemical modification and the high intensity magnetic field (B = 1.0-1.7 T) has been researched on the tensile and structure properties of the investigated composite systems, as well as the interaction effect of ionizing radiation and magnetic field on the polyolefin cross-linking efficiency has been investigated. New theoretical and practical scientific recognitions have been determined concerning the properties of radiation-chemically modified polyolefin multiphase compositions. That capacitated the development of new thermoshrinkable materials based on polypropylene.
- Published
- 2014
30. Ispitivanja uzoraka elastomera pomoću transmisijskog svjetlosnog mikroskopa
- Author
-
Bonato, Jasminka, Dobrinić, Julijan, and Prof. dr. sc. Julijan Dobrinić
- Subjects
elastomeri ,deformacija ,mehanička svojstva ,transmisijski svjetlosni mikroskop - Abstract
Elastomerni materijali koriste se za proizvodnju dijelova konstrukcija i proizvoda u brodogradnji. Degradabilnost i trajnost elastomera su važna svojstva u primjeni u suvremenim tehnologijama i uključuju nekoliko tipova fizičkih ili kemijskih procesa (kao npr.starenje i utjecaj vremenskih prilika), koji praćeni strukturnim promjenama dovode do razaranja kvalitete polimernog materijala i konačno do potpunog gubitka funkcionalnosti materijala. Fizikalni procesi pri starenju polimera očituju se u promjeni mikrostrukture materijala koja utječe negativno na mehanička svojstva materijala. Pod mehaničkim svojstvima podrazumijeva se ponašanje materijala pod utjecajem nekog oblika mehaničkog naprezanja. U radu je provedena analiza uzoraka elastomera podvrgnutih različitom stupnju deformacije snimljenih pomoću transmisijskog svjetlosnog mikroskopa BIM 312 T u Centru za istraživanje metala, Metris u Puli.
- Published
- 2013
31. Riusare senza rifiutare. I rifiuti come innovazione tecnologica per l'edilizia nei pvs (e non solo)
- Author
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Caruso, Ignazio
- Subjects
PVS ,plaspaper ,sperimentazione ,Settore ICAR/12 - Tecnologia dell'Architettura ,pneumatici ,India ,tyle ,rifiuti ,carta ,waste ,lime ,basso sviluppo umano ,tyres ,normativa europea ,copertura ,EN 1015 ,isolatore ,cellulosa ,clay ,reuse ,norme ,antisismico ,intonaco ,argilla ,riuso ,elastomeri ,null convention logic - Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Rubber compounds for industrial applications
- Author
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Bottazzo, Jlenia
- Subjects
elastomeri, nanoargille/rubbers, nanoclays ,Settore ING-IND/22 - Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali ,elastomeri ,nanoargille/rubbers ,nanoclays - Published
- 2012
33. Elastomerni dijelovi u automobilskoj industrij
- Author
-
Kamenski, Karolina
- Subjects
elastomeri ,elastoplastomeri ,automobilska industrija - Abstract
U radu je navedena definicija i podjela polimerih materijala. Detaljno su opisani elastomeri sa primjerima gdje se elastomeri koriste u automobilskoj industriji. U eksperimentalnom dijelu rada izrađeni su elastomerni kompoziti te su opisani rezultati ispitivanja mehaničkih svojstava, njihova obrada i prihvatljivost.
- Published
- 2011
34. Polimerni materijali
- Author
-
Zlatarić, Tihomir
- Subjects
polimeri ,polimerni materijali ,elastomeri - Abstract
Ovim diplomskim radom opisani su polimerni materijali, njihov povijesni razvoj i primjena kroz povijest. Uvodni dio rada ukratko opisuje upotrebu polimera koji zbog svojih svojstava dobivaju sve veću važnost u široj tehničkoj primjeni. Ovaj dio rada također sadrži kratak povijesni razvoj polimernih materijala u svijetu i kod nas. Nastavak rada opisuje proizvodnju sintetskih polimera. Ovdje je ukratko opisan postupak i sistematizacija polimerizacije.Treći dio rada sadrži strukturu polimera, te kratak opis molekulne (kemijske) i nadmolekulne (fizičke) strukture polimera, dinamiku polimernih struktura i relaksacijske pojave. Nadalje rad opisuje fizička stanja polimera i sistematizaciju polimernih materijala na plastomere, duromere i elastomere. Ovaj dio sadrži dijagramski prikaz temperaturne ovisnosti mehaničkih svojstava, te tablicu najvažnijih polimera za svaku skupinu (plastomeri, duromeri i elastomeri). Ovdje su opisani i polimerni kompoziti. Posljednji dio rada sadrži opis mehaničkih, toplinskih, triboloških, preradbenih i drugih svojstava polimernih materijala, njihovu preradu i primjenu.
- Published
- 2010
35. Polimeri – od prapočetaka do plastike i elastomera
- Author
-
Igor ČATIĆ, Gordana BARIĆ, Nenad CVJETIČANIN, Kata GALIĆ, Damir GODEC, Ana Marija GRANCARIĆ, Ivan KATAVIĆ, Tonka KOVAČIĆ, Pero RAOS, Ana ROGIĆ, Maja RUJNIĆ - SOKELE, Nina VRANJEŠ, Domagoj VRSALJKO, and Branka ANDRIČIĆ
- Subjects
artefacts ,basic polymers ,elastomers ,flow chart ,plastics ,polymer ,products of nature ,elastomeri ,osnovni polimeri ,plastika ,polimeri ,prirodnine ,umjetnine ,tokovnik - Abstract
Polazeći od fi lozofskih misli O. Spenglera i Aristotela, utvrđeno je da su polimeri prastari, jer sežu tamo do postanka osnovnih prirodnih organskih i anorganskih polimera. Istodobno je uočeno da se riječ polimeri učestalo upotrebljava kao zajedničko ime za plastiku i elastomere. Od osnovnih prirodnih organskih polimera: bjelančevina, nukleinskih kiselina i polisaharida dug je povijesni put. Taj se put pokušalo opisati dijagramom toka, tokovnikom. Za navedeni opis potrebne su brojne defi nicije, ali i motivacijska osnova. To je učinjeno u dodatcima A i B. Zaključak je istraživanja: praoblikovanje i prastrukturiranje prirodnih polimera staro je oko 3,5 milijardi godina, a humana obradba razdvajanjem oko 3,4 milijuna godina. Svatko tko se bavi polimerima trebao bi biti obrazovan na odgovarajućoj razini potrebnog znanja s razvijenim tokovnikom., Based on the philosophic ideas of O. Spengler and Aristotle it has been determined that polymers are ancient since they reach back all the way to the origin of the basic natural organic and inorganic polymers. At the same time it has been noted that the word polymers is frequently used as a common name for plastics and elastomers. Since the basic natural organic polymers: proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides there is a long historical path. An attempt was made to present this path by means of a fl ow chart. For the mentioned description numerous defi nitions are required, as well as a motivating basis. This was done in Annexes A and B. The conclusion of the research is that primary shaping and primary structuring of natural polymers is around 3.5 billion years old and human separation with natural tools about 3.4 million years. Anyone involved in polymers should be educated at an adequate level of the necessary knowledge with the developed fl owchart.
- Published
- 2010
36. Primjena bubrećih pakera za opremanje bušotina u Hrvatskoj
- Author
-
Stučka, Sven
- Subjects
bubreći paker ,bušotina ,lajner ,izolacija sloja ,brtvljenje ,elastomeri - Abstract
U okviru ovog diplomskog rada prikazana je relativno nova tehnologija primjene bubrećih pakera u opremanju bušotina. Prikazane su vrste bubrećih pakera, mehanizmi aktiviranja i njihova primjena u situacijama u kojima su se konvencionalni načini opremanja bušotina pokazali neefikasnim ili manje efikasnim od ove nove tehnologije. Prikazani su primjeri primjene bubrećih pakera u slučajevima: zonske izolacije nezacijevljenog kanala bušotine, proizvodnog opremanja bušotine lajnerom, izolacije proizvodnog sloja, proširive opreme kod otvorenog kanala bušotine, kod opremanja "pametne" višekanalne bušotine, te kod zonske izolacije pri visokom tlaku u bušotini. Na temelju ovih primjera razmotreno je gdje bi se tehnologija bubrećih pakera mogla primjeniti na hrvatskim naftnim poljima.
- Published
- 2009
37. Utjecaj ultrazvuka na svojstva elastomernih vlakana
- Author
-
Grahovac, Petra
- Subjects
elastomeri ,ultrazvučna obrada ,DuPont test ,Dorlastan ,Elaspan ,Toplon - Abstract
Zadatak ovog diplomskog rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj ultrazvučne obrade na svojstva elastanskih vlakana. Budući da elastanska vlakna pokazuju sklonost ka starenju odnosno degradaciji, kako djelovanjem različitih kemijskih tako i fizičkih utjecaja, provela se modifikacija s ciljem poboljšanja svojstava.
- Published
- 2008
38. Konstruiranje vzmetnega paketa s sestavljeno karakteristiko : diplomska naloga univerzitetnega študijskega programa
- Author
-
Vincek, Elvis and Gubeljak, Nenad
- Subjects
udc:621.886.6 ,membranske vzmeti ,modeliranje ,vzmetni paketi ,elastomeri ,konstruiranje - Published
- 2007
39. Tehnologija vezave elastomerov na kovine : diplomsko delo visokošolskega študija
- Author
-
Bela, Bojan and Leš, Peter
- Subjects
tehnologija elastomerov ,kavčukove zmesi ,elastomeri ,udc:678.074 ,vezanje gume in kovine ,predelava elastomerov - Published
- 2007
40. Tehnologija izdelave tesnila pokrova glave motorja : diplomska dela visokošolskega strokovnega študija
- Author
-
Kupnik, Anton and Leš, Peter
- Subjects
tehnologija ,elastomeri ,vzdrževanje ,udc:678.074 - Published
- 2007
41. Vpliv temperature in različnih kovinskih jeder na hitrost vulkanizacije : [diplomsko delo]
- Author
-
Obran, Sandi and Doleček, Valter
- Subjects
udc:678.043.066(043.2) ,cross linking ,elastomers ,reversion ,thermal couple ,vulcanization ,vulcanization effect ,vulkanizacija ,termotipalo ,vulkanizacijski efekt ,zamreženje ,equivalent minute ,ekvivalentna minuta ,reverzija ,elastomeri ,stopnja vulkanizacije ,degree of vulcanization - Published
- 2007
42. Tehnologija izdelave zaščitnega meha regulatorja : diplomsko delo visokošolskega [strokovnega] študija
- Author
-
Brodschneider, Jurij and Leš, Peter
- Subjects
tehnologija ,orodja za brizganje ,elastomeri ,udc:678.074 - Published
- 2007
43. Suvremeni otisni materijali
- Author
-
Stjepović, Vedrana
- Subjects
otisni materijali ,elastomeri ,silikoni - Abstract
Posebno mjesto među otisnim materijalima zauzimaju elastomeri zbog svoje preciznosti, elastičnosti, dimenzionalne stabilnosti i jednostavna rukovanja. Iako daju dobre otiske i najjeftiniji su među elastomerima, polisulfidi se danas rijetko primjenjuju zbog svojih negativnih svojstava, neugodna mirisa po sumporu i nemogućnosti odstranjenja s odjeće. Često upotrebljavani materijali za otiske su silikoni, i to kondezacijski. Lijepih su boja, ugodna mirisa, ali izrazito hidrofobni pa prilikom vezivanja otpuštaju nusprodukte i kontrahiraju se. Dimenzijski su nestabilni i nisu pogodni za dulje odlaganje. Nasuprot njima adicijski silikoni su hidrofilni, dimenzijski veoma stabilni i pogodni za izlijevanje čak i nakon nekoliko dana. Pripadaju skupini najpreciznijih otisnih materijala. Vrlo precizni i stabilni otisni materijali, ugodna mirisa, okusa i lijepih boja su polieteri. Negativna osobina im je velika krutost nakon vezivanja što otežava njihovo vađenje iz usta. Hidrokoloidi daju precizne, ali nastaqbilne otiske ukoliko se ne izliju u najkraćem vremenu. Osim toga, zahtijevaju posebnu aparaturu, a sam proces gelatinizacije ponekad je bolan i zahtijeva anesteziju.
- Published
- 2007
44. Modello elastostatico del contatto al suolo di ruote con rivestimento elastomerico
- Author
-
Castagnetti, Davide, Dragoni, Eugenio, SCIRE' MAMMANO, Giovanni, and Borghi, P.
- Subjects
Elemento finito ,Ruote industriali ,Elastomeri ,Progettazione meccanica - Published
- 2005
45. Step shear strain a larga deformazione su cis-1,4-polibutadiene
- Author
-
Bacchelli F., Scacchi M., DOGHIERI, FERRUCCIO, F. Bacchelli, M. Scacchi, F. Doghieri, Bacchelli F., Scacchi M., and Doghieri F.
- Subjects
ELASTOMERI ,REOLOGIA - Abstract
E' valutata in questo lavoro la funzione di damping di alcuni polibutadieni caratterizzati da valori di peso molecolare, distribuzione delle masse molecolari e ramificazione tipici dei materiali industriali. I dati sono ottenuti da prove di step shear strain eseguite con un reomerto torsionale a camera biconica in grado di superare i limiti sperimentali e di deformazione riscontrati nell'utilizzo di reometri piatto cono per la caratterizzazione di materiali con componente elastica importante.
- Published
- 2004
46. NMR evidence for residual dipolar interactions in SBS systems: Influence of a plasticizer on the network structure
- Author
-
Forte C. and Pizzanelli S.
- Subjects
elastomeri ,NMR - Abstract
Evidence for residual dipolar interactions in the polybutadiene domains of two poly(styrene-butadiene- styrene) block copolymers is shown at temperatures ranging from ambient to 90 degreesC. The two copolymers differ for the presence of a plasticizer, selectively compatible with the polybutadiene blocks. The evidence results from the analysis of H-1 transverse magnetization decays, H-1 pseudo-solid echoes, and C-13 edited H-1 spectra. H-1 transverse magnetization decay data can be interpreted using a simplified network model, which provides the number N of statistical segments between cross-links. The analysis of decays and H-1 pseudo-solid echoes shows that the plasticizer induces a lowering of the entanglement density. These results are consistent with the information obtained from the C-13 edited H-1 spectra.
- Published
- 2003
47. Dimenzijska stabilnost elastomernih otisnih materijala dezinficiranih u otopini 0,5% klorheksidina i alkohola
- Author
-
Tomislav Ivaniš, Jasenka Živko-Babić, Biserka Lazić, and Josip Pandurić
- Subjects
elastomerics ,disinfection ,chlorhexidine gluconate ,dimensional changes ,elastomeri ,dezinfekcija ,klorheksidin glukonat ,dimenzijske promjene - Abstract
Dezinfekcija elastomernih materijala za otiske može prouzročiti njihove dimenzijske promjene. Na našoj se klinici kao dezinficijens najčešće upotrebljava 0,5% klorheksidin glukonat. Svrha rada bila je izmjeriti i usporediti linearne dimenzijske promjene koje nastaju u trima elastomerima nakon uranjanja u spomenuti dezinficijens. Radni kalup napravljen je prema ADA specifikaciji br.19. Testirani su Panasil (adicijski silikon), Blend-a-scon (kondenzacijski silikon) i Impregum (polieter). Uzorci su izloženi dezinficijensu, vodi i zraku u četiri razdoblja (10 min., 30 min., 60 min. i tijekom 24 sata). Linearne dimenzijske promjene izmjerene su bezkontaktnim digitalnim alatnim mikroskopom. Rezultati su pokazali najmanje dimenzijske promjene adicijskog silikona s tendencijom širenja. Kondenzacijski silikon skvrčio se unutar tolerantnoga raspona od 0,2 - 0,4%, prema DIN 13913, a polieter je znatno nabubrio. Može se zaključiti da testirani polieter nije prikladno dezinficirati uranjanjem u klorheksidin glukonat, a druga dva materijala pokazuju klinički prihvatljive linearne dimenzijske promjene unutar 24-satne imerzije., Disinfection of elastomeric impression materials used in prosthetic dentistry can cause dimensional changes in the impression materials. 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate is usually used for disinfection of impressions at the School of Dental Medicine in Zagreb. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare linear dimensional changes of three elastomeric impression materials after their immersion in a certain disinfectant. The master dies were made according to the ADA specification no 19. The tested materials were Panasil (addition silicone), Blend-a-scon (condensation silicone) and Impregum F (polyether). Twelve samples were immersed in disinfectant, twelve in water and twelve left in the air for four different periods of time (10 min., 30 min., 60 min and 24 hours). Linear dimensional changes were measured by a non-contact digital tool microscope. The smallest changes were noticed in addition silicone with the least tendency to expansion. The condensation silicone contracted within a tolerant range of 0.2 - 0.4%, according to DIN 13913. Polyether expanded in the disinfectant significantly. Our results show that the tested polyether is not appropriate for disinfection by immersion in chlorhexidine gluconate, while the other two materials underwent 24-hour immersion with linear dimensional changes within a clinically acceptable range.
- Published
- 2000
48. Dimenzijska stabilnost elastomernih otisnih materijala dezinficiranih u otopini 0,5% klorheksidina i alkohola
- Author
-
Ivaniš, Tomislav, Živko-Babić, Jasenka, Lazić, Biserka, and Pandurić, Josip
- Subjects
elastomeri ,dezinfekcija ,klorheksidin glukonat ,dimenzijske promjene - Abstract
Dezinfekcija elastomernih materijala za otiske može uzrokovati njihove dimenzijske promjene. Na našoj klinici se najčešće koristi 0.5% klorheksidin glukonat kao dezinficijens. Svrha rada je bila izmjeriti i usporediti linearne dimenzijske promjene koje nastaju u trima elastomerima nakon uranjanja u spomenuti dezificijens. Radni kalup napravljen je prema ADA specifikaciji br.19. Testirani su Panasil (adicijski silikon), Blend-a-scon (kondenzacijski silikon) i Impregum (polieter). Uzorci su izloženi dezificijensu, vodi i zraku kroz četiri vremenska perioda (10 min., 30 min., 60 min. i tijekom 24 sata). Linearne dimenzijske promjene izmjerene su bezkontaktnim digitalnim alatnim mikroskopom. Rezultati su pokazali najmanje dimenzijske promjene adicijskog silikona s tendencijom širenju. Kondenzacijski silikon skvrčio se unutar tolerantnog raspona od 0.2 0.4%, prema DIN 13913, dok je polieter značajno nabubrio. Može se zaključiti da testirani polieter nije prikladno dezinficirati uranjanjem u klorheksidin glukonat, dok druga dva materijala pokazuju klinički prihvatljive linerane dimenzijske promjene unutar 24-satne imerzije.
- Published
- 2000
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