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Background and aims Transferring the results from clinical trials on type 2 diabetes prevention is the objective of the Diabetes in Europe-Prevention using Lifestyle, Physical Activity and Nutritional intervention (DE-PLAN) project in Catalonia, whose cost-effectiveness analysis is now presented. Patients and methods A prospective cohort study was performed in primary care involving individuals without diagnosed diabetes aged 45–75 years (n = 2054) screened using the questionnaire Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) and a subsequent oral glucose tolerance test. Where feasible, high-risk individuals who were identified (n = 552) were allocated sequentially to standard care (n = 219), a group-based (n = 230) or an individual-level (n = 103) intensive (structured programme of 6 h using specific teaching techniques) lifestyle intervention (n = 333). The primary outcome was the development of diabetes (WHO). We evaluated the cost of resources used with comparison of standard care and the intervention groups in terms of effectiveness and quality of life (15D questionnaire). Results After 4.2-year median follow-up, the cumulative incidences were 18.3% (14.3–22.9%) in the intensive intervention group and 28.8% (22.9–35.3%) in the standard care group (36.5% relative-risk-reduction). The corresponding 4-year HR was 0.64 (0.47–0.87; P