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This study presents the experimental results of a renewable energy (RE) driven, high-performance multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination unit integrated with nanofiltration (NF) membrane. The desalination pilot test is built to evaluate, the performance of the novel Deaeration and brine Mix (MSF-DBM) configuration. The NF pilot is build in order to enable MSF desalination unit the operation at high top brine temperature (TBT). The capacity of the desalination pilot plant is 1.0m³/day of water. The whole pilot plant is installed at Wadi El-Natroun (Egypt). This study presents the first phase of the project, including the pilot test description, and experiments of concentrated solar trough, steam generator, NF and MSF units. Comparison between the simulation and the experimental results of the pilot unit' subsystems are relatively satisfactory. The newly developed NF-MSF-DBM (de-aerator and brine mix) configuration is tested at TBT = 100°C and the gain output ratio (GOR) is calculated as 15 which almost twice of traditional MSF under the same operating conditions. The newly high-performance NF-MSF-DBM and unit's input thermal energy which make the integration with (the relatively expensive) RE as a desalination plant driver is a viable option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a previous study the full-length open reading frame of the Arabian camel, Camelus dromedarius liver cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) cDNA was determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The C. dromedarius cDNA was found to be 1545 nucleotides (accession number JN098421) that encodes a protein of 515 amino acids residues. In the present study, C. dromedarius recombinant G6PD was heterologously overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS and purified by immobilized metal affinity fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) in a single step. The purity and molecular weight of the enzyme were analyzed on SDS-PAGE and the purified enzyme showed a single band on the gel with a molecular weight of 63.0 KDa. The specific activity was determined to be 2000 EU/mg protein. The optimum temperature and pH were found to be 60 °C and 7.4, respectively. The isoelectric point (pI) for the purified G6PD was determined to be 6.4. The apparent K m values for the two substrates NADP + and G6P were found to be 23.2 μM and 66.7 μM, respectively. The far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectra of G6PD showed that it has two minima at 208 and 222 nm as well as maxima at 193 nm which is characteristic of high content of α-helix. Moreover, the far-UV CD spectra of the G6PD in the presence or absence of NADP + were nearly identical., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Medical practice today is not simple because of various factors impinging on the doctor-patient relationship. The concept of consent arises from the ethical principle of patient autonomy and basic human rights. It is also the rule of law (Civil Code article 16-3) that guarantees the patient's right and freedom to decide what should or should not happen to his/her body and to gather information before undergoing a test/procedure/surgery. No one else has the right to coerce the patient to act in a particular way. The authors after a reflexion about medical accidents and their medicolegal implications, discuss the means to display in order to provide to the patients the adequate information about their disease and proposed treatment, therefore protecting the medical practitioner from the consequences of insufficient or ill information.

Physicians are asked to complete certificates within their profession. These certificates relate to various aspects of an individual's life, from birth to the end of life. The nature of requests is striking by its diversity. As a first step, the authors recall the outline of a certificate and its structure, as well as traps, hazards and risks to avoid. In a second step they describe three specific situations for the certificate: in the context of work accidents, common law accidents and social matters. All materials can not be treated in this space, so they refer the reader to the main bibliographic sources useful in this matter.

The authors describe in this article the possible complications of spine surgery. By exposing them, they wish to draw the attention of the practitioners on the multiple risks related to these operations, as well as the means to prevent them and to make them stop their effects. The "zero" risk does not exist, even for the most common operations. However there is a tendency by the judiciary system to look favourably at the demands for compensation of damage, considering that at the origin of every post operative complication exists, more or less hidden, a fault eligible for financial repair. Up to the present day, a fault must be proven in the management of a medical case. A reminder of the foundations of the medical responsibility applied to the surgery of the spine is reported, knowing well that surgical damages are not always the result of an error or a misconduct, and therefore, the surgeon is not responsible for the damage in the absence of a proven fault.

Bone cement has a central role in orthopaedic surgery. It is used with success in total joint replacement since years. Newer techniques such as vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty have been used during the last years. This article describes the chemical and mechanical properties of bone cement and will describe particularly his use in total hip arthroplasty and vertebropasty and kyphoplasty.

Drugs derived from natural products, particularly from plants, are the leads of clinically used anticancer agents. Plant-derived anticancer agents in clinical use consist of the Vinca alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine, camptothecin derivatives, paclitaxel, etoposide and teniposide, homoharringtonine and elliptinium. Extensive research has led to the identification of promising plant-derived anticancer agents in clinical development, namely flavopiridol, combretastatins and roscovitine. These compounds share common antitumor activities and signaling pathways targeting tumor cell cycle and cell death. This review presents the discovery of plant-derived anticancer agents, their biologic activities, with emphasis on cell cycle and apoptotic effects and combination strategies for treatment optimization.

In terms of frequency, trochanteric fractures represent one of the most common problems in adult traumatology. Considering their physical and psychological consequences, and the patients mean age, they constitute one of the most acute public health problems faced by the elderly. Surgical reduction is currently considered as preferred treatment. Stable fixation of the fracture focus by osteosynthesis allows early mobilization of the treated member, central axis of the body. A series of 35 patients with a mean age of 78, surgically treated with Gotfried percutaneous plating between June 1998 and August 2000, have been followed-up to full fracture healing. The fractures were divided according to the AO fracture classification system. All patients were treated with this minimally invasive technique, which consists of introducing a percutaneous compression plate through two tiny stab incisions. The results take into account the reduction quality, mean hospital stay, evolution, perioperative and postoperative complications. The patients early weight bearing has been possible from the third day after the operation. The mean perioperative blood loss was estimated to 90 mL. The mean mortality rate during hospital stay was 5.7%, and 11.4% after three months. The complications encountered comprised two cephalic screw cutouts, two plate breakages and one surgical wound infection. Linked to the quality of the bone, regardless of the material used, these complications are likely to those observed with other methods. This short sample allows to consider the percutaneous compression plating as a valid surgical technique, though it can be opposed the same critics than other trochanteric fractures treatments. However, it offers the benefits of a closed and rapidly performed surgical technique, theoretically beneficial to improve the vital prognosis for this type of fracture.

This report describes a case of sacrococcygeal teratoma, a rare pathology belonging to the group of presacral tumors. Its clinical presentation is very variable. In this case, the tumor presented as a pilonidal cyst, which is an atypical form. The teratoma was associated with a spinal malformation, described in 25% of all cases. It was treated by "en bloc" resection with sacrectomy.

The factors influencing mortality and morbidity were analysed in a series of 224 elderly patients with hip fractures. It was found that mortality was influenced by the high age, the number of medical antecedents and the number of general complications occurring following surgery. Mortality rate was high in mentally deteriorated patients with a gain in autonomy in only 25% of the cases. On the contrary, mortality was less, and there were few modifications of the mental status in patients who were mentally normal upon admission. The recovery of total or partial autonomy in this group was 69.9%, justifying therefore the surgical intervention.