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Dokument s polnim naslovom "Dvojezična strategija zaščite vodnih virov s konceptom trajnostnega razvoja čezmejnega projektnega območja" je nastal v okviru projekta Trajnostno upravljanje z vodnimi viri na čezmejnem območju med Slovenijo in Hrvaško v letih 2014 in 2015. Dvojezična strategija je osnova za izvajanje projektnih aktivnosti v regiji, saj vključuje rešitve za odvajanje in čiščenje odpadne vode ter sisteme za zaščito površinske in podtalne vode. Ker dosedanje izkušnje kažejo, da so strategije napisane sektorsko in da kljub poudarjanju trajnosti v resnici niso trajnostno zasnovane, smo z metodo štirih kapitalov (M4K), ki se uporablja za vrednotenje trajnosti, opravili analiziral Dvojezične strategije z vidika trajnostne zasnove. Merili smo povezanost predlaganih ukrepov v Dvojezični strategiji z štirimi kapitali, ki veljajo za steber trajnostnega razvoja (ekonomski, socialni, okoljski in človeški kapital). Rezultat trajnostne zasnove Dvojezične strategije je pomemben za načrtovalce projektov v regiji ter lokalno skupnost, saj pokaže povezljivost med različnimi področji s ciljem, da se tovrstne strategije izogibajo ozko sektorskim pristopov, ki nimajo pozitivnega vpliva na življenje ljudi. The area of Pomurje, Spodnje Podravje and Međimurje have in common geographical, cultural, developmental and environmental characteristics. The pollution of underground and surface water is a consequence of burdens from dispersed sources of intensive agriculture and dispersed urbanization. These are also the characteristics of the whole cross-border project area. The strategy followed the example of the regular estimation techniques of the influence of spatial intervention on the environment and later on also expending into a method of strategic environmental estimation. For the valuation of the sustainable design of bilingual strategy the M4K that was developed by English "green" economist Paul Ekins (2008), was used. The strategy followed the example of the regular estimation techniques of the influence of spatial intervention on the environment and later on also expending into a method of strategic environmental estimation. Assessment of measurements for reaching sustainability shows a poor connection between capitals because the measurements are divided into sectors.

Concern for a healthy drinking water derived from the basic human needs , because it is required under the international convention to ensure clean safe water for all at all levels. Therefore, municipalities and local communities are already submitting their proposals for decades to obtain financial resources for co-financing wastewater treatment plants. Since this kind of tenders are no longer available, and the majority of rural areas (in Slovenia 60%) still does not have regulated sewerage, other approaches, that allow reducing the concentrations of pollutants in the water, which are harmful for our health, are becoming more and more important. In this paper we presented the possibility of using natural wastewater treatment systems, which in the comparative method pilot test work reliably and are ready to be quickly, without major investment used in practice. We analyzed Gajševsko Lake as an example of highly contaminated water accumulation. In a cross-border project Slovenia - Croatia we developed approaches to reduce pollutants in water and this has an important influence on the quality of the soil and human health., Skrb za zdravo pitno vodo izhaja iz osnovnih človekovih potreb, saj je potrebno po mednarodni konvenciji na vseh ravneh zagotoviti čisto zdravo vodo za vse. Zato se občine in lokalne skupnosti že desetlejta prijavljajo na razpise za pridobitev finančnih sredstev za sofinanciranje čistilnih naprav, saj prav odpadna voda iz gospodinjstev, ki teče v vodotoke, onesnažuje tako tekoče kot stoječe vode in podtalnico. V prispevku je prikazan čezmejni projekt Slovenija – Hrvaška (2014 – 2015) z naslovom Doba voda za vse in prizadevanja, da bi prav preko zmanjševanja odpadnih voda, ki tečejo v reko Ščavnico zmanjšali onesnaževanje vodne akumulacije Gajševsko jezero. Čepav številni monitoringi kažejo slabo stanje vode v tem jezeru, novejše ugotovitve kažejo, da se jezero zaradi zaraščenosti z vlagoljubno vegetacijo in zaradi močvirnih območij že čisti samo. Zato je bil cilj projekta tudi raziskati možnosti naravnih čistilnih sistemov za vodne akumulacije, kot je Gajševsko jezero.

Magistrsko delo obravnava pomorsko prostorsko načrtovanje in celostno upravljanje obalnega območja. Obalna območja so strateško pomembna območja, na katerih ţivi velik deleţ evropskih drţavljanov, pomembna so za proizvodnjo hrane in surovin, bistvena za prometne in trgovinske povezave, tam so nekateri najdragocenejši habitati, poleg tega pa so priljubljeni cilj za preţivljanje prostega časa. Vendar je privlačnost obalnih območij čedalje bolj ogroţena: njihovi naravni viri so čezmerno izrabljeni, pomanjkanje prostora povzroča spore glede uporabe, pojavljajo se velika sezonska nihanja v številu prebivalstva in delovnih mest, naravni ekosistemi, od katerih so odvisna obalna območja, pa propadajo. Politika in zakonodaja o upravljanju obalnih območij ter njuni mehanizmi izvajanja so bili na splošno razviti ločeno drug od drugega in izključno sektorsko. Celostno upravljanje obalnih območij zato predstavlja strateški pristop k načrtovanju in upravljanju obalnih območij in mora zagotoviti boljšo podlago za izkoriščanje sinergije, zmanjševanje neskladnosti ter končno za boljše in učinkovitejše doseganje trajnostnega razvoja. Zaradi povpraševanja po morskem prostoru za raznovrstne namene, kot so obrati za proizvodnjo energije iz obnovljivih virov, raziskovanje in izkoriščanje nafte in plina, pomorski promet in ribolovne dejavnosti, ohranjanje ekosistemov in biotske raznovrstnosti, pridobivanje surovin, turizem, objekti za akvakulturo ter podvodna kulturna dediščina, je potreben celosten ekosistemski pristop pri načrtovanju dejavnosti na morju. Tak pristop upravljanja z morji je pomorsko prostorsko načrtovanje, katerega cilj je podpreti trajnostni razvoj morij in oceanov ter razviti usklajeno medsektorsko oz. nadsektorsko orodje politike, ki javnim organom in deleţnikom omogoča uporabo celostnega in čezmejnega pristopa. Rezultat načrtovanja je konkretni pomorski prostorski načrt. Zaradi čezmejne narave morja in obalnih procesov sta nujna usklajenost in sodelovanje s sosednjimi drţavami v okviru regionalnih morij. Pri celostnem upravljanju obalnega območja in pomorskem prostorskem načrtovanju je nujno upoštevati medsebojno vplivanje kopnega in morja. Coastal zones are strategically important zones, where live a lot of European citizens: they are important to produce food and row materials, they are essential for traffic and commerce relations, they hold some of the most precious habitats, and besides they are choosen to spend at the best one's free time. Nevertheless the attraction of coastal zones is ever more in danger: their natural sources are extremely overworked, the lack of space causes fights in its employment, large season fluctuation of people and work. Natural ecosystems, of which depend coastal zones, are in decline. Politics and laws regarding the administration of coastal zones as well as their realisation have developped separetly and only by sector. The global administration of coastal zones is therefore to be realized strategically both for their programming and administrating. It has also to ensure a better base to exploit of synergy, reduction of inconsistency and best realization of a lasting development. Owing to the request of maritime space for different aims, as the production of energy through renewable sources, research and exploitation of naphte and gas, sea traffic and fishing activities, salvage of ecosystems and bio diversities, obtaining of rough materials, tourism, aims regarding water culture and underwater cultural heritage, it is necessary to project sea activities by considering a global ecosystem. Such an administrative act as regards sea problems is the maritime spatial planning, which purpose is to substain a lasting sea and ocean development as well as an infra or better a supersector political object able to permit to public organs and participants the employment of the global and international use. The programming result is the concrete marine spatial plan. Owing to the international nature of sea and coastal processes it is to consider the cooperation with the neghbouring countries within regional seas. In the global administration of coastal zones and in the marine spatial planning must be highly considered both the terrestrialand the sea space.

V disertaciji so v uvodu predstavljeni dosedanji pogledi na trajnost, kjer ugotavljamo, da zaradi ohlapnih definicij, kaj sploh trajnost ali trajnostni razvoj je, dejanske trajnosti v analiziranih regionalnih in lokalnih razvojnih programih skoraj ni zaslediti. Med dimenzijami trajnosti zato posebej izpostavljamo pomen ekosistemskega pristopa, celovitosti in blaginje ter samooskrbe in aktivne vključitve javnosti. S kvalitativnimi analizami ter delno s kvantitativnimi ocenami smo pripravili kriterije za vrednotenje regionalnih in lokalnih programov z vidika modelov trajnosti. Le ti kažejo stanje glede doseganja trajnosti v izbranih občinskih in regionalnih razvojnih programih (od zelo šibke do šibke in močne trajnosti). Nato smo z metodami ocenjevanja vplivov ukrepov na trajnost (metoda štirih kapitalov in metoda trajnostne rože) ocenili pomen povezave naravnih, socialnih, človeških in gospodarskih kapitalov za doseganje trajnosti. Namreč enosmerni, ozko sektorsko zasnovani ukrepi ne vodijo k dolgoročnim perspektivam, ker ne omogočijo povezav med lokalno specifičnimi ukrepi (pravimo jim sekundarne in terciarne povezave, ker za državo večinoma niso primarne, so obrobne, zato pogosto izpadejo iz prioritet). Te povezave bi morale izhajati iz ukrepov v razvojnih programih in biti zasnovane na lokalnih in regionalnih specifičnostih. Ključno je zavedanje, da šele presečnost med ukrepi v razvojnih programih omogoča trajnost in da je vzpostavljanje večplastno pojmovane trajnosti proces, ki ga je treba graditi daljše obdobje. Temelj trajnosti je upoštevanje ekosistemskih in družbenih regionalnih oz. lokalnih razmer, kjer imajo ključno vlogo razpoložljivi lokalni in regionalni viri (kapitali), zlasti človeški viri, torej prebivalci. V času spremenjenih globalnih okoljskih razmer je potrebno vzpostaviti učinkovit sistem varovanja naravnih virov predvsem na lokalnem in regionalnem nivoju (npr. z ekoremediacijami). Na spremembe podnebja, ki so tudi posledica poseganja v ekosistemsko vzdržnost našega planeta, se moramo prilagoditi z ukrepi na različnih področjih (od prometa, kmetijstva, rabe energije in večnamenske rabe vodnih teles), pri tem pa imata ključno vlogo izobraževanje in vzgoja, ki lahko zaradi ozaveščenosti pripomoreta k zmanjševanju pritiskov na naravo in okolje z vzpostavljenim sistemov vrednot. Nujno bi bilo, da v trajnostno zasnovanih lokalnih (občinskih) in regionalnih agendah namenimo večjo pozornost ekosistemskim vsebinam, njihovi povezanosti na nivoju ukrepov ter aktivnemu sodelovanju javnosti. Ekosistemsko zasnovani pristopi, ki bodo povezali lokalno-regionalne specifičnosti in upoštevali interes, tradicijo in znanje prebivalcev, bodo omogočili oblikovanje celovitih razvojnih strategij, ki bodo temeljile na odgovornosti do narave in ljudi. Šele tak proces vzpostavljanja trajnostnih regij lahko pripomore k doseganju blaginje. The existing views on sustainability are presented in the introduction of this PhD dissertation. Owing to the vague definitions of sustainability and sustainable development, we almost cannot trace the dimensions of sustainability in the regional and local programmes that we analysed. Among the dimensions of sustainability we exposed the importance of ecosystem approach, integrity, well-being, self-sufficiency and public active participation. Using qualitative analyses and partly quantitative estimations, we prepared the criteria for evaluation of regional and local developent programmes from the aspect of sustainability models. Those models present the status of sustainability achieved in the selected municipal and regional development programmes (from very weak to weak and strong sustainability). We then used the methods of evaluating the influence of measures on sustainability (method of four capitals and method of sustainability flower). With the help of those methods we evaluated the importance of connection among natural, social, human and economical capitals (or systems) in order to achieve sustainability. One-way, sector-based methods do not lead to long-term perspectives, since they do not enable the connections among the activities that are specific locally. They are also called secondary or tertiary activities since they are usually of marginal importance to the state. Those connections should arise from the measures taken in development programmes and should be based on local and regional specifics. Here, the awareness of the fact that only cross-section of development programmes ensures sustainability, is essential. The establishment of multi-layer sustainability is a process that needs to be created constantly. The foundation of sustainability is in the consideration of ecosystem, social, regional and local situation, where a key role is played by the available local and regional resources, especially human resources - people. In times of changed global environmental situation we need to establish an effective protection system for natural resources on local and regional level, for example, with ecoremediations. We need to adjust to climate change, which is also the influence of interfering with ecosystem endurance of our planet, on all fields from traffic and farming to the use of energy and the multi-purpose use of water bodies. Here, education plays a crucial role since it can contribute to the lowering of environmental impact by establishing the system of values. We suggest for sustainability based local (municipal) and regional agendas to pay more attention to ecosystem content, to their connection on the level of actual measures and to active public paricipation. Ecosystem based approaches, which will connect local-regional specifics and consider public interest, tradition and knowledge, will enable the design of integrated development strategies. Those strategies will be based on our responsibility for nature and people. Only such process of establishing sustainable regions can develop a favourable environment for well-being of people.

Magistrska naloga poglobljeno obravnava funkcije gozdov v Sloveniji, izbranih evropskih državah in svetu. Opiše njihov razvoj, odnos ljudi do njih in možnosti kartiranja in spremljanja stanja funkcij v prostoru in času. Naloga obravnava vedno bolj aktualno problematiko pojmov, sinonimov in prevedenih izrazov s področja funkcij, storitev in dobrin gozdov. V pregledu literature smo ocenili utemeljenost, vrednotenje in pomen funkcij gozda v izbranih evropskih državah ter usklajenost z mednarodnimi poročanji. Naloga odkriva vzporednice ter pomanjkljivosti z mednarodnimi trendi na področju funkcij, storitev in dobrin gozdov. Pogled izza meja Slovenije nam razkrije množino novih storitev, ki jih ljudje vedno bolj intenzivno prepoznavajo in zahtevajo od gozdarskega sektorja - rekreacija v gozdu, varovalne storitve gozdov in ohranjanje biotske raznovrstnosti. Glede na trende bi morali v našem sistemu funkcij ohraniti glavne skupine funkcij (ekološke, socialne, proizvodne), kot samostojni skupini pa izvzeti rekreacijske storitve in varovalne funkcije. Velik del je posvečen kritičnemu pregledu obstoječega (inflatornega) sistema funkcij in konfliktnosti funkcij. Iz tega izhajajo tudi smernice za izboljšanje načrtovalskega postopka od določanja funkcijskih enot naprej. Funkcije, storitve in dobrine gozdov namreč segajo daleč izven gozdnega prostora. Cilj naloge je predlagati izboljšan sistem funkcij, ga narediti boljenoznačnega ter uporabnega za spremljanje stanja funkcijskih enot. V nalogi smo poudarili pomen trajnostnega gospodarjenja z gozdovi kot primerneganačina za izvajanje obveznosti Konvencije o biološki raznovrstnosti. This master`s thesis explores the history and development of forests functionsin Slovenia, selected European countries and the world. It describes the attitude of people towards them and the potential for mapping and monitoring of functions in space and time. This thesis deals with an increasingly important issue of definitions, synonyms and translated terms from the topic of forest functions, services and goods. Literature review helps to evaluate the importance of forest functions in selected European countries, consistency with international reporting and the parallels or the shortcomings between international trends in the descriptions of forest functions, services and goods. Outside the borders of Slovenia we disclose thequantity of new services, which people increasingly recognize and require intensive forest planning - recreation, protective services and biodiversity. Given the trends we should maintain the main groups of the functions (ecological, social, production) and exclude recreational services and protective functions as a separate group. A large part is devoted to a critical review of the current (inflationary) system and conflicts between forest functions. The results will help to prepare guidelines for the improvement of forest functions, services and goods planning processes beginning with the determination of functional units. The objective is to improve the system of forest functions, making it more unique and useful for monitoring the current state and progress of functional units. We clarify the importance of sustainable forest management and its link to the ecosystem approach as an appropriate way to implement the Convention on Biological Diversity.

V diplomski nalogi so predstavljene fizične in družbenogeografske značilnosti občine Poljčane, katere del sodi pod Natura 2000. Ker to evropsko omrežje teži k ohranjanju ogroženih, redkih živalskih in rastlinskih vrst ter njihovih habitatov, je v delu predstavljeno dejansko stanje prsti in voda v občini ter vpliv le-tega na življenje rastlin in živali v ekosistemu. Ti podatki so pridobljeni s pomočjo terenskega in laboratorijskega dela, v okviru katerega so bile izmerjene določene fizikalne in kemijske lastnosti odvzetih vzorcev. Pri tem so pomembno vlogo igrali Vernierjevi vmesniki s sondami ter reagenti za določanje posameznih parametrov. Rezultati so tabelarno in grafično predstavljeni ter analizirani, opisani so dejavniki, ki vplivajo na izmerjeno stanje, poleg tega pa je obrazloženo, kako se le-to odraža v ekosistemih. Prst in voda sta namreč pomemben del ekosistemov, njuno onesnaženje pa negativno vpliva na delovanje in izmenjavo snovi v tem sistemu, vpliva na spremembo habitatov ter zmanjšuje biotsko pestrost. Prav zato je v diplomi obrazložen ekosistemski pristop, v okviru slednjega pa je predstavljeno, katerim nevarnostim so izpostavljene prsti in vode ter kakšno naj bo pravilno poseganje v naravo, da bo ta lahko delovala nemoteno. Poleg vsega naštetega je v diplomi podana ocena stanja prsti in vode, opisano je, katere izmerjene parametre je potrebno izboljšati in kako samo izboljšavo doseči ter pri tem upoštevati trajnostni razvoj. Slednji med drugim spodbuja premišljeno in trajnostno rabo naravnih virov ter zaščito le-teh, s tem pa posledično omogoča kvalitetno življenje za nas in naše zanamce. In diploma paper the physical and social geographical characteristics of municipality Poljčane, which part of it belongs under Natura 2000 are presented. Because this European network tends to maintain rare and endangered animal and plant species and their habitats, the work presents, what is the actual condition of soil and water in the municipality and how it affects lives of plants and animals in ecosystems. These data were obtained by field and laboratory work where certain physical and chemical properties of samples were measured. In this context the important role played Vernier’s laboratory analysis instruments additional probes and reagents for the definitions of individual parameters. The obtained data are tabular and graphically presented and analyzed, the factors that affect the measured state are as well described, moreover the explanation of the result reflection to the ecosystem is given. Soil and water are important parts of ecosystems, their pollution has a negative impact to the maintenance and exchange of substances in this system-therefore it also has an important impact to the change of habitats and biodiversity reduction. According to this the diploma explains the ecosystematic approach, and the data to which risks soil and water are actually exposed. Suggestions for sensible and non-harmful handling with nature are stated, so that it can operate smoothly. In addition to all these in diploma an evaluation of soil and water state is given, as well are measured the parameters for improved handling with nature that are also here described. Application of sustainability is achievable through these measures. Nature itself, inter alia, promotes well considered and sustainable use of natural resources and protection of them, which enables the quality of life for us and our posterity.