Search

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Professional Business Review (JPBReview) is the property of Open Access Publications LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cassava processing to obtain starch generates large amounts of solid waste and effluents that can become environmental liabilities. The aim of this study was to profile the cassava industries in Paraná, Brazil, regarding the use of natural resources and waste generated, as well as the environmental management strategies adopted, to identify opportunities that result in Cleaner Production (CP). A questionnaire was applied in 18 industries, and the bagasse generated in seven of them had its physical-chemical composition determined. The amount of bagasse generated ranged from 200 to 1000 kg ton-1 of processed roots, that was generally intended for animal feed; but it has potential for other applications due to its starch content (57.7 g 100 g-1) and dietary fibers (35.3 g 100 g-1). There was significant water consumption (1.50 to 19.20 m³ ton-1 of roots) resulting in high effluent generation (1.25 to 11.52 m³ ton-1 of roots), which entails costs for treatment. All the industries have biodigesters, a covered lagoon system, one of the main CP mechanisms, as it enables firewood replacement that generates greenhouse gas emissions and waste from boilers; and there is production of energy and biofertilizers. Of the industries, ~30% stood out in terms of efficiency in water consumption, generation of solid and liquid waste, with cost reduction in effluent treatment. The transfer of technologies between industries is important to promote the sustainability of the production chain, with the adoption of CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as silagens produzidas com bagaço de maçã com diferentes períodos de pré-secagem para ensilagem. Os tratamentos foram as diferentes concentrações de matéria seca (MS) após diferentes períodos de pré-secagem, sendo: PS0: bagaço de maçã sem pré-secagem; PS24: bagaço de maçã com pré-secagem de 24 horas; PS48: bagaço de maçã com pré-secagem de 48 horas e PS72: bagaço de maçã com pré-secagem de 72 horas. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições, totalizando 20 silos experimentais. A densidade da massa ensilada (kg m-3) foi alterada com os tratamentos (P

Introduction: According to Barros (2017), Bentonite is a mixture of clays, generally impure, very fine grained, formed mainly by 60 to 80% of montmorillonite and also Kaolinite, Calcite and Pyrite. At the operational base of Petromoc Maputo Company, there is a set of tanks for fuel storage, that from a complex of tanks with coupled pipelines for the entry and withdrawal of fuels and effluent disposal. Objective: To evaluate the use of bentonite in the removal of toxic cations from the effluents generated at Petromoc Company. Materials and Methods: Bentonite samples were collected at the Industrial Minerals company. The effluent and influent samples were collected in the separator box of the operational base. The physicochemical experiments were carried out at the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory of the Eduardo Mondlane University. For the physical characterization of the bentonite, the pycnometric density, porosity (P) and specific surface area were determined. The mineralogical characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The chemical characterization of the effluent and influent was performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. Results and Discussion: Mineralogical characterization showed the presence of bentonite minerals. The pH of the effluent before interacting with the bentonite was 3.22, after interaction the pH is between 5.8 and 9. High concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Titanium (Ti) and Zinc (Zn) were determined in the effluent before the interaction with the bentonite. After the interaction, a removal of toxic elements is verified. Conclusions: The bentonite showed high efficiency in the removal of toxic cations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: Según Barros (2017), la Bentonita es una mezcla de arcillas, generalmente impuras, de grano muy fino, formada principalmente por 60 a 80% de montmorillonita y también Caolinita, Calcita y Pirita. En la base operacional de la Empresa Petromoc Maputo, existe un conjunto de tanques para el almacenamiento de combustibles que forman un complejo de depósitos con tuberías acopladas para la entrada y retirada de combustibles y eliminación de efluentes. Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de la bentonita en la remoción de cationes tóxicos de los vertidos generados en la empresa Petromoc. Materiales y Métodos: La recogida de muestras de bentonita se realizó en la empresa de Minerales Industriales. Las muestras efluente y afluente se colectaron en la caja separadora de la base Operacional. Los experimentos fisicoquímicos se ejecutaron en el Laboratorio de Química Analítica de la Universidad Eduardo Mondlane. Para la caracterización física de la bentonita, se determinaron la densidad picnométrica, porosidad (P) y superficie específica. La caracterización mineralógica se realizó por análisis de difracción de rayos X. La caracterización química del efluente y afluente se realizó mediante la Espectroscopía de Emisión Atómica por Plasma Inductivamente acoplado. Resultados y Discusión: La caracterización mineralógica demostró la presencia de minerales de bentonita. El pH del efluente antes de interactuar con la bentonita era de 3,22, tras la interacción el pH está entre 5,8 a 9. Se determinaron altas concentraciones de Cadmio (Cd), Cromo (Cr), Cobre (Cu), Titanio (Ti) y Zinc (Zn), en el efluente antes de la interacción con la bentonita. Después de la interacción, se verifica remoción de elementos tóxicos. Conclusiones: La bentonita demostró alta eficiencia en la remoción de cationes tóxicos.

O aumento no consumo de água devido ao crescimento populacional, a agricultura e a industrialização faz com que a produção de esgotos também seja aumentada proporcionalmente. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar e comparar as tecnologias para tratamento de esgotos sanitários, com base nas informações usuais de desempenho, utilizando uma metodologia baseada em estatística comparativa para tal análise. O trabalho propõe também uma avaliação econômica, por meio do Método de Simulação de Monte Carlo. Os seguintes sistemas de tratamento foram estudados: Reator anaeróbio de leito fixo (RALF), Sistemas de filtro biológico percolador de alta taxa (FB), RALF seguido de FB (RF) e Sistemas de lagoas (LAG). Quanto à análise de desempenho, os parâmetros observados nas estações de tratamento foram comparados com os ideais reportados pela literatura, com a legislação estadual e com o desempenho das tecnologias. Esses parâmetros apresentaram desvios; todavia, a maioria das tecnologias obteve desempenho eficaz quanto ao atendimento à legislação, exceto o RALF. Quanto à análise econômica, foi possível constatar que as tecnologias com maior demanda de área e energia são mais caras. De modo geral, o sistema RALF foi o que apresentou piores resultados, ao passo que o sistema de Filtros apresentou resultados mais satisfatórios quanto ao desempenho e à avaliação econômica.

In Ecuador, making products of “paja toquilla” has become an export benchmarch. To dye, these products, aniline dyes are used, and the effluents of these processes are discharged to rivers without treatment. This investigation explores a process for color removal. The first stage involved the determination of the optimal relation between Fe2+ y H2O2 for a Fenton process using an experimental factorial design (3²). The best result was reported with the higher and medium levels of FeSO4.7H2O and H2O2 at 30%v/v, respectively. The Fenton process designed was applied to treat solutions of three aniline dyes: blue, red, and black, which are the most used in paja toquilla dyeing. For each dye, the percentage of removal and the kinetics were determined, in all cases was above 90% and of second order. Finally, the effluents were neutralized to assess their ecotoxicity with Daphnia Magna, which demonstrated that the effluent could be discharged without aquatic ecotoxicity after the applied process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agronomía & Ambiente is the property of Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cities depend on different ecosystems that provide them with services. In the case of water supply and effluent disposal in Argentine cities, its recognition is still incomplete and fragmented. Here is presented a first database that maps and classifies the water supply sources and effluent destinations of all Argentine cities >20000 inhabitants (in 2010). Utilizing existing reports, journalistic news and satellite information, water intake and discharge points were recorded, along with other associated infrastructure in 243 cities. It was found that 30.5, 17.5 and 12.6% of the population is exclusively supplied by large transboundary rivers, groundwater and internal rivers and streams, respectively, with 25.2% supplied by mixed sources. The cities that are connected to the public sanitation networks resort mainly to internal rivers and streams (26.6%) for their disposal; however, of the urban population that is not connected to the sewage network, a high proportion discharges into free aquifers. Most Argentine cities do not return sewage water to the same system that supplies it, predominantly transfers from underground sources to internal rivers and streams. The database evidences the contrasting 'effluent pressure' (population/flow rate of the receiving system) between cities linked to large rivers (e.g., Paraná basin, 273 inhabitants.m-3.s-1) and internal basins (e.g., Mar Chiquita, 16141 inhabitants.m-3.s-1). This database, open for consultation and updating, makes visible the spatial and hydrological connection between cities and the hydrographic network, helping to improve water security and prioritize efforts to protect aquatic ecosystems that guarantee it from all levels of management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: Las aplicaciones actuales de tratamiento de residuales líquidos se dirigen hacia el estudio de nuevos materiales renovables, con elevada disponibilidad para ser aprovechados como soportes que actúan como filtro natural con muy alta porosidad y propiedades adsorbentes. La compleja composición de las aguas de producción y residuales de la actividad petrolera demanda la adopción de métodos que utilicen materiales adsorbentes más eficientes para facilitar el manejo y disposición final de sus efluentes. Objetivo: Determinar la capacidad de adsorción aparente de diferentes materiales naturales para el tratamiento de aguas residuales de la actividad petrolera. Materiales y Métodos: Los indicadores de contaminación determinados fueron la Demanda Química de Oxígeno, sulfuros, grasas y aceites, para lo cual se siguieron normas internacionales APHA e ISO, así como las isotermas de adsorción y cinética de materiales como bagazo de caña, paja de arroz, agromena, zeolita y lodo activo. Resultados y Discusión: Todos los materiales presentaron la mayor capacidad de adsorción a los 20 min de contacto, destacándose bajo condiciones de empaque valores de este parámetro para DQO de 67 y 70 mg/g con el bagazo y la paja de arroz; y remociones superiores al 95% para sulfuros, grasas y aceites con todos los materiales. Conclusiones: Se alcanzaron los mayores valores de capacidad de adsorción de DQO (26-63 mg/g) y de sulfuros (10-12 mg/g) a 20 min de contacto con el residual y bajo condiciones de empaque, los mejores resultados corresponden al bagazo de caña, la paja de arroz y el producto mejorador.

Copyright of Revista IRRIGA - Brazilian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Revista IRRIGA (Brazilian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A contribuição de efluentes domésticos e agrícolas tem sido responsável pelo aumento da concentração de nutrientes nos corpos hídricos superficiais. O presente trabalho propôs desenvolver e aplicar um modelo matemático para a simulação de nitrogênio e fósforo em sistemas de recursos hídricos. Os procedimentos matemáticos são realizados em duas etapas principais: a modelagem de nitrogênio e fósforo nas áreas agrícolas e a definição de sistemas de equações diferenciais ordinárias que permitam quantificar a concentração desses nutrientes nos corpos hídricos. O modelo foi aplicado em um sistema na região do alto curso do rio Piranhas - PB, levando em consideração rios, reservatórios, efluentes domésticos e agrícolas. Os resultados das simulações indicaram que os recursos hídricos são impactados significativamente pela ação dos efluentes, principalmente nos períodos de maior déficit pluviométrico, onde o volume dos reservatórios e as vazões nos trechos dos rios são reduzidos. Medidas preventivas e corretivas devem ser adotadas para esses tipos de sistema, de maneira a evitar o comprometimento da biota aquática e dos múltiplos usos aos quais as águas são destinadas. Desta forma, o modelo desenvolvido mostrou-se importante na quantificação da dinâmica comportamental de nitrogênio e fósforo em sistemas de recursos hídricos, possibilitando uma análise integrada dos principais fatores intervenientes nos seus ciclos.

El objetivo del trabajo es evaluar la factibilidad técnica y conveniencia económica de la instalación de un biodigestor para la obtención de biogás y biofertilizante como alternativa para el tratamiento de efluentes en un tambo de la cuenca lechera central santafesina, considerado como un caso de estudio. Se valora la contaminación generada actualmente a partir de los efluentes, situación sin proyecto, y se la compara con el beneficio proyectado a partir de las inversiones propuestas derivado del ahorro en compra de fertilizantes y de la generación de biogás. El proyecto es técnica, económica y financieramente factible para el caso analizado. El uso de biodigestores es una interesante alternativa para dar valor a los residuos orgánicos.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar los beneficios y eficacia del tratamiento de coagulación y floculación de las aguas residuales provenientes de un matadero. Para ello se analizaron muestras de 500 ml y se utilizó sulfato de aluminio (1%) y cloruro férrico (1%) como agentes coagulantes, polímero catiónico (1%) como agente floculante y gradientes de velocidad alta (150 – 300 r.p.m) y velocidad baja (37 – 75 r.p.m). Las concentraciones iniciales de contaminantes en el efluente fueron: pH (6,98 – 6,97), turbiedad (436 - 537 NTU), SST (430,6 – 228,8 ppm), oxígeno disuelto (1,17 – 2,11mg/L), nitratos (0 – 7,5 mg/L). Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con la adición de 6 ml de sulfato de aluminio; 1 ml de polímero catiónico, una velocidad de mezcla de 200 r.p.m y un tiempo de sedimentación de 25 minutos, que disminuyeron las concentraciones de turbiedad 4,85 NTU, oxígeno disuelto 9,16 mg/L y STD 333,6 ppm. Asimismo, la adición de 2 mL cloruro férrico, 0,75 mL de polímero catiónico, una velocidad en mezcla rápida de 300 r.p.m y tiempo de sedimentación de 35 minutos, permitieron obtener como resultado 15,46 NTU, oxígeno disuelto 9,45 mg/L, STD 224,7 ppm, nitratos 6 mg/L.

O consumo per capita de café no Brasil é estimado em 4,9 kg de café torrado e moído o que remete a uma elevada geração de borra de café residual. O processo de decomposição promove dentre outros, a formação de líquidos. Esse estudo objetivou avaliar o impacto ambiental, ecotoxicológico do extrato solubilizado da borra de café em de sementes de alface. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos com três repetições. Foram colocadas 10 sementes de alface em placa de Petri com substrato papel de filtro e umedeceu-se com 4,0 mL.. Houve um efeito negativo do extrato BCR sobre a taxa de germinação porém não foi possível determinar a dose CL50 com os tratamentos testados. Observou-se efeito subletal a partir do crescimento radicular de alface com o aumento das doses. A CEO foi estabelecida no tratamento com 0,1 mL. Com isso, evidencia-se que a espécie estudada possui baixa tolerância ao poluente e que o mesmo se apresenta como uma substância potencialmente poluidora.

The main objective of this research is to evaluate the CO2 evolution in a Red Eutrophic Latosol (Eutrudox) fertigated with treated sanitary wastewater under "Prata-Anã" banana cultivation. Disturbed soil samples were collected from 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil profile depths. The experimental design was random blocks arranged in split-plots with four replications. The main plot factors were different treated sanitary wastewater doses applied as 130% and 200% compared with the maximum annual soil application limit (150 kg sodium ha-1) and a control treatment (clean water + mineral fertilization). Soil respiration was evaluated on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days. The assessment of soil respiration at a depth of 0-20 cm indicates that the use of wastewater increases soil respiration by 19.89 and 28.46%, respectively for treatments TSW1 and TSW2 in relation to the control treatment. At a depth of 20-40 cm, the use of the control treatment promotes an exponential reduction in soil respiration, tending to decrease and stabilize at 58.185 mg C-CO2 kg-1 evolved on the 28th day of evaluation. Treatments with wastewater present respiratory behavior in a quadratic behavior, with minimum respiratory values estimated on the 18th day, respectively 83.4 and 54.0 mg evolved C-CO2 kg-1 for treatments TSW1 and TSW2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este estudo objetivou verificar a toxicidade de águas residuárias domésticas em diferentes etapas do tratamento por meio de ensaios de fitotoxicidade, utilizando sementes de alface e pepino como bioindicadores. Para isso, avaliaram-se as etapas de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto doméstico mediante amostragens nos pontos: Afluente (esgoto bruto), Efluente do Reator UASB e Efluente (esgoto tratado). As amostras foram submetidas a análises químicas e os bioindicadores ao ensaio de fitotoxicidade. As águas residuárias domésticas nas três etapas de tratamento da estação se caracterizaram como não fitotóxicos para os bioindicadores testados (p

Introduction: Current applications for liquid waste treatment are directed towards the study of new renewable materials, with high availability to be used as supports that act as a natural filter with very high porosity and adsorbent properties. The wastewaters of the oil activity complex composition demands the adoption of methods that use more efficient adsorbent materials to facilitate the management and final disposal of its effluents. Objective: To determine the apparent adsorption capacity of different natural materials for the treatment of oil activity wastewater. Materials and Methods: The contamination indicators determined were the Chemical Oxygen Demand, sulfides, fats and oils, for which international APHA and ISO standards were used, as well as the adsorption and kinetic isotherms of materials such as sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, agromena, zeolite and active mud. Results and Discussion: All the materials presented the highest adsorption capacity after 20 min of contact, with values of this parameter standing out for COD of 67 and 70 mg/g with bagasse and rice straw; and removals greater than 95% for sulfides, fats and oils with all materials. Conclusiones: Se alcanzaron los mayores valores de capacidad de adsorción de DQO (26-63 mg/g) y de sulfuros (10-12 mg/g) a 20 min de contacto con el residual y bajo condiciones de empaque, los mejores resultados corresponden al bagazo de caña, la paja de arroz y el producto mejorador. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A água é um recurso natural essencial para os seres vivos e na utilização em processos industriais. As indústrias de fertilizantes, siderúrgicas, cerâmicas e etc, podem apresentar níveis elevados de fluoreto em seus efluentes líquidos contaminando assim os recursos hídricos quando descartados. A presença de fluoreto em excesso na água pode acarretar doenças como a fluorose esquelética e dentária. Neste sentido, o presente artigo caracteriza os níveis de concentrações de íons de fluoreto em águas e efluentes, considerando os parâmetros e condições cabíveis nas legislações e aborda o processo de remoção de fluoreto em águas e efluentes pela técnica de adsorção, aplicando o carvão ativado e alumina ativada como principais materiais adsorventes. A discussão de alguns experimentos descritos na literatura, demostraram através de dados que o carvão ativado e a alumina ativada, têm uma boa capacidade de adsorção, e são eficientes na remoção de contaminantes em águas e efluentes analisados.

Nas indústrias frigoríficas são utilizadas grandes quantidade de água durante todo o processo, gerando um efluente que precisa de tratamento antes do seu lançamento. A proposta do trabalho foi realizar um estudo comparativo de três coagulantes utilizados no tratamento de efluentes: Policloreto de Alumínio (PAC), Sulfato de Alumínio (Al2(SO4)3) e o Tanino Vegetal, com o auxílio de um floculante: Polímero o Aniônico, analisando a eficiência de remoção de DQO e turbidez. Foram conduzidos os ensaios de coagulação/floculação em jarro (jar test) para a otimização da concentração dos coagulantes. Constatou-se que o coagulante natural apresentou uma pequena variação no parâmetro pH, evitando o uso de produto químicos para a sua correção. Os resultados dos percentuais de remoção de turbidez indicaram um grande potencial para o Tanino quando comparado aos dois coagulantes químicos.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar la eficiencia para el tratamiento de efluentes de predios lecheros de un wetland subsuperficial de flujo horizontal (WSFH) con sistemas compuestos por dos de estos wetlands operando en serie. También se evaluó la conveniencia de utilizar una especie autóctona o una exótica. Se dispusieron en un invernadero 8 microcosmos simulando WSFH’s para evaluar la eficiencia de dos sistemas: “Sistema 1”, compuesto por un único reactor y “Sistema 2”, compuesto por el reactor del Sistema 1 operando en serie junto con un segundo reactor. Cada sistema fue estudiado por duplicado utilizando las dos macrófitas mencionadas y el mismo sustrato en todos ellos: leca. En cada sistema, se analizaron las concentraciones de diferentes contaminantes, antes y después del tratamiento. Las mejores eficiencias de remoción se lograron utilizando el sistema en serie. En estos sistemas, la macrófita utilizada no afectó significativamente las eficiencias de remoción.

En esta investigación se presenta el análisis y evaluación económica – financiera, la relación Costo vs Beneficio que tienen las plantas extractoras de palma de aceite en las alternativas de uso de los residuos de la materia prima. Los subproductos resultantes del proceso de la palma de aceite en las plantas de beneficio son considerados residuos y dejan de tener un valor o utilidad y pasan a ser un desecho. Estos desechos se pueden someter a un proceso de compostaje para convertirlos en fertilizantes orgánicos que son utilizados nuevamente en los cultivos de palma, con el fin de generar una mayor productividad, reducción en los costos de fertilización y contribución positiva al medio ambiente, o darle tratamiento mediante piscinas de oxidación.

Background: Tropical grasses, such as elephant grass, have high moisture content during its ideal phenological state for silage. High moisture content hinders proper preservation and reduces the nutritive value of silage due to secondary fermentation and production of effluents. Adding feed materials with high dry matter content, such as murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru) meal, is a potential alternative to improve silage yield. Objective: To determine the effects of including murumuru meal (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28%) on the fermentative characteristics, microbiological activity, aerobic stability, and chemical composition of elephant grass silages. Methods: A completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates was used. Elephant grass was collected at 60 d of age, minced, and homogenized with murumuru meal. The mass was placed in experimental 15-L silos. The silos were collected and analyzed 45 d later. Results: Effluent production decreased (p<0.05) as the proportions of murumuru meal in silage increased. A quadratic effect (p<0.05) was observed on dry matter recovery. An increase (p<0.05) was observed in dry matter content, a decrease (p<0.05) in the neutral detergent fiber content, and an increase (p<0.05) in the non-fibrous carbohydrate content with the inclusion of murumuru meal. Conclusions: Addition of murumuru meal improves chemical composition and does not affect the fermentative characteristics of elephant grass silage, while it reduces effluent losses. Nevertheless, the inclusion of murumuru meal in the elephant grass silage decreased the time of aerobic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ceramica is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Ceramica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En el Perú, la gestión del uso del agua y el vertimiento son regulados por la Autoridad Nacional del Agua (ANA), que otorga el derecho de uso y vertimiento en condiciones de sostenibilidad y retribución económica. El número de autorizaciones de vertimiento entre el 2013 y el 2015 fue 529; y de reúso, 21. Los puntos de vertimiento autorizados fueron 686; y los de monitoreo en cuerpos de agua, 1839. El volumen total autorizado para vertimiento fue 1802 hm3; y para reúso, 16 hm3. Los subsectores que contaban con autorizaciones de vertimiento entre el 2013 y el 2015 fueron minería (261 autorizaciones y 913 hm3 de vertimiento), pesquería (87 autorizaciones y 24 hm3 de vertimiento), hidrocarburos (74 autorizaciones y 86 hm3 de vertimiento), industrias (34 autorizaciones y 180 hm3 de vertimiento), saneamiento (18 autorizaciones y 429 hm3 de vertimiento), electricidad (31 autorizaciones y 330 hm3 de vertimiento) y agricultura (3 autorizaciones y 0,4 hm3 de vertimiento). Por la disponibilidad de datos de retribución económica se analiza con respecto al año 2014. En ese año, se otorgó el derecho para uso consuntivo de 23 816,60 hectómetros cúbicos (hm3) de agua; y para uso no consuntivo, 37 544,82 hm3. La retribución económica de ese año por el uso de agua fue de 82 millones de soles; y de vertimiento, 42 millones de soles. El volumen de agua autorizada para uso consuntivo y energético en el 2014 fue 60 757 hm3, equivalente a 60 veces el caudal promedio del río Rímac, mientras que el vertimiento total autorizado (incluida la energía) el mismo año fue 188 hm3, equivalente al 20 % del caudal promedio del río Rímac (la quinta parte). Por tanto, se puede deducir que a) existe un importante número de vertimientos que no cuentan con autorización debido a que las aguas no han sido tratadas o no cumplen con los límites máximos permisibles (LMP); y b) tanto la población como los sectores productivos consumen grandes volúmenes de agua y, por consiguiente, generan también una enorme cantidad de aguas residuales. Sin embargo, estos datos requieren ser contabilizados. El artículo 32.1 de la Ley General del Ambiente, Ley 28611, promulgado el 15 de octubre del 2005, define los LMP como «la medida de la concentración o del grado de elementos, sustancias o parámetros físicos, químicos y biológicos, que caracterizan a un efluente o una emisión, que al ser excedida causa o puede causar daños a la salud, al bienestar humano y al ambiente. Su cumplimiento es exigible legalmente por la respectiva autoridad competente. Según el parámetro en particular a que se refiera, la concentración o grado podrá ser expresada en máximos, mínimos o rangos».

O uso de microalgas para a produção de biocombustíveis e outros bioprodutos ainda é considerado caro. A introdução de efluentes secundários como meio de cultura pode oferecer melhor custo-benefício para o cultivo. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade das microalgas Chlorella vulgaris e Scenedesmus obliquus quando submetidas a concentrações de 100% de efluentes. A outra finalidade foi avaliar a eficiência de remoção dos nutrientes pelas espécies. O cultivo em efluentes de reatores UASB, um de origem doméstica, outro de origem visceral, foi operado durante dez dias. O meio doméstico liderou em produtividade, com 330,2 mg.L-1.dia-1 para Chlorella vulgaris e 251,7 mg.L-1.dia-1 para Scenedesmus obliquus. No mesmo meio, as espécies removeram em torno de 88% de PT e PO4 -3 e 100% de NTK. Entretanto, em efluente visceral ocorreu remoção superior de DQO, 91,5% por Chlorella vulgaris.

El uso de residuos agroindustriales como materiales biosorbentes en procesos de adsorción ofrece altas eficiencias debido a sus características. Se estudió la adsorción de Ni (II) en solución usando residuos agroindustriales del proceso de obtención de almidón a partir de ñame (Dioscorea rotundata), determinando el efecto de la temperatura, concentración inicial y cantidad de adsorbente. Los ensayos de adsorción se realizaron en un sistema por lotes fijando el volumen de solución en 100 mL, pH 6 y agitación de 200 rpm; la concentración remanente en solución fue medida por absorción atómica. El adsorbente se caracterizó mediante análisis elemental y espectroscopia infrarroja de transformada de Fourier (FTIR). De los resultados, se establece que las variables estudiadas a los rangos escogidos no presentan significancia estadística. Se establece que es a 55 °C, 200 ppm y 0,355 gramos de biomaterial donde se obtiene una mayor capacidad de adsorción de 17,67 mg/g, obteniéndose un porcentaje de remoción del 91.17%. Estos resultados sugieren que residuos del proceso de almidón de ñame puede ser eficientemente usada para la remoción de iones de níquel presentes en soluciones acuosas.

The use of agro-wastes as biosorbent materials in adsorption processes offers high efficiencies due to the chemical characteristics. The removal of Ni (II) in solution was studied using the residual pulp from the yam starch extraction process (Dioscorea rotundata), evaluating the effect of temperature, initial concentration and amount of adsorbent. The adsorption tests were carried out in batch system, at 100 mL solution volume, pH 6 and 200 rpm. The remaining concentration of Pb (II) in solution was measured by atomic absorption at 301.5 nm. The adsorbent was characterized by elemental analysis and infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR). It was established that at 55 °C, 200 ppm and 0.355 g of biomaterial was reached capacity the higher capacity of adsorption 17.67 mg/g, obtaining an efficiency above 90%, establishing the efficient use of the residual pulp from the yam starch extraction process for the removal of the ion metallic in the studio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the refrigeration industry, a large amount of water is used throughout processes, generating effluents that need treatment before release. The purpose of this work was to make a comparative study of three coagulants used in the treatment of effluents: Aluminum Polychloride (PAC), Aluminum Sulphate (Al2(SO4)3) and Vegetable Tannin, with the aid of a flocculant (Anionic Polymer) by analyzing COD removal efficiency and turbidity. Jar coagulation / flocculation tests were conducted to optimize the concentration of coagulants. It was found that the natural coagulant presented a small variation in the pH parameter, avoiding the use of chemicals for its correction. The results of turbidity removal percentages indicated a great potential for Tannin when compared to the other chemical coagulants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuaderno Activa is the property of Tecnologico de Antioquia, Institucion Universitari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista FAVE is the property of Universidad Nacional del Litoral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú is the property of Sociedad Quimica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente trabajo se llevó a cabo en la bahía Puerto Pizarro, ubicada en la coordenada 03° 30’ 47’’S y 80°24’12’’W, la cual recibe vertimientos de descargas de residuos de empresas langostineras, del sector agrícola, de servicios domiciliarios y de infraestructura pesquera: desembarcadero, embarcaciones pesqueras, otros. Los residuos recibidos a través de efluentes a los canales de marea son llevados a la bahía de Puerto Pizarro, así como también del sector agrícola, los residuos de los servicios domiciliarios y las actividades realizadas por el personal que labora en el desembarcadero pesquero artesanal y en embarcaciones pesqueras. Se han analizado las muestras de agua y sedimentos del área de la bahía de Puerto Pizarro y se han encontrado en el agua contaminantes inorgánicos, que en su mayoría superan los límites máximos permisibles, tal como sulfatos 2489 mg/L, dureza total 6042 mg/L, cloruros 18103 mg/L. En sedimentos se encontraron contaminantes como magnesio 4855 mg/L, aluminio 6137 mg/L, calcio 11355 mg/L y hierro 16139 mg/L. Se han realizado algunas medidas correctivas y se espera que la población tome conciencia de las actividades que realiza y mejore por el bien de la comunidad de la bahía de Puerto Pizarro.

El presente trabajo se llevó a cabo en la bahía Puerto Pizarro, ubicada en la coordenada 03° 30’ 47’’S y 80°24’12’’W, la cual recibe vertimientos de descargas de residuos de empresas langostineras, del sector agrícola, de servicios domiciliarios y de infraestructura pesquera: desembarcadero, embarcaciones pesqueras, otros. Los residuos recibidos a través de efluentes a los canales de marea son llevados a la bahía de Puerto Pizarro, han contaminado el agua, el suelo, la flora, la fauna, el paisaje y otros. La presencia de contaminantes en la bahía Puerto Pizarro ha producido impactos ambientales del orden de moderados con posibilidades de severos. Las actividades que mayormente han producido impactos ambientales: el turismo y el servicio domiciliario en número de 10 c/u, de un total de 52 impactos ambientales localizados, y los factores ambientales más afectados son la fauna acuática con 250 UIP (12,5 %) el agua con 233 UIP (11,65 %), la flora acuática con 228 UIP (11,4%) y el suelo con 216 UIP (10,8 %).

Os corantes sintéticos azo são uma importante classe de poluentes, pois apresentam em sua composição estruturas de anéis aromáticos e grupos azo funcionais que lhes conferem estabilidade e os tornam componentes de difícil remoção. Estes corantes apresentam um custo relativamente baixo e são utilizados principalmente para o tingimento de materiais têxteis e para conferir cor a produtos alimentícios. Seu uso pode gerar resíduos coloridos e efluentes que são difíceis detratar. Efluentes coloridos são inaceitáveis do ponto de vista estético e podem desencadear problemas ambientais como dificuldade de reoxigenação da água e desequilíbrio do ecossistema aquático, diminuindo a atividade fotossintética do meio. Nesta revisão, uma variedade de métodos, físico-químicos e biológicos, são pesquisados para a sua aplicação no tratamento de corantes azo.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the bromatological [dry matter, crude protein (CP), neutral (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin and total digestible nutrients (TDN)] and fermentation characteristics [pH and ammoniacal nitrogen in relation to total nitrogen (N-NH3/TN)] of pre-dried orange bagasse silage after different periods of storage, as well as parameters related to nutrient losses from gases and effluents and dry matter recovery. A completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates was adopted in which the treatments consisted of the different days of opening of the mini-silos (10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 days). Dry matter, CP, NDF, lignin, TDN, N-NH3/TN or dry matter recovery did not differ (P>0.05) between days of opening of the mini-silos. A reduction (P

The objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentation characteristics and chemical composition of Tanzania grass silage containing additives. The following treatments were applied: silage without additive (SWA); silage treated with 2.17% limestones (SLS); silage treated with 2.17% urea (SUR), and silage treated with a combination of additives: 7.5% corn meal, 5.3% molasses powder, 1.1% urea and 1.1% limestone (SA1), and 10% corn meal, 2.93% molasses powder, 1.1% urea and 0.97% limestone (SA2). All silages containing additives exhibited a higher mean pH than SWA, but this did not negatively affect their fermentation quality. The titratable acidity of SWA (7.84) was higher than that of SUR (3.28), SLS (4.80), SA1 (3.30) and SA2 (3.80). The mean ammoniacal nitrogen was 10% lower in relation to total nitrogen in all silages, except for SUR, indicating a good fermentation profile. Effluent loss was lower for silages containing additives (P

The objective of this study was to evaluate forage production and root accumulation in Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk with swine wastewater as a fertilizer. The experiment was conducted into a greenhouse in Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Southeast of Minas Gerais, Rio Pomba Campus. Pots with 6 dm-3 volumes were used as experimental units. Were used a randomized block design with four replications. Were studied four swine waste doses (0, 225, 450 and 675mL pot-1) over four regrowth cycles. The dry matter production of the aerial part, forage accumulation rate, crude protein and dry matter production of roots increased with the highest swine waste doses being around 670, 742, 160 and 465% respectively from lower to higher dose. There was interaction between swine waste and regrowth cycles for plant height and tillering, and in all regrowth cycles responded positively with increasing swine waste doses. Applying swine waste on pastures is therefore a viable alternative to increase productivity of B. decumbens cv. Basilisk, it recommends the use of swine waste corresponding to the dose of 675mL pot-1 to maintenance pastures

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the change in electrical conductivity and pH of a soil solution and its composition, with regard to the levels of nitrate and potassium, in a Latosol cultivated with pineapple and subjected to applications of different levels of vinasse. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Department of Biosystems Engineering of ESALQ/USP. The treatments comprised the application of five levels of vinasse: T1 - 0 m3 ha-1, T2 - 231 m3 ha-1, T3 - 347 m3 ha-1, T4 - 462 m3 ha-1, and T5 - 578 m3 ha-1. Application was every 20 days, using a localised irrigation system with emitters having a nominal flow rate of 4 L h-1 and spaced 0.40 m apart. The applied doses of vinasse were calculated by following the recommendations of CETESB standard P4.231, so that treatment T4 would supply the demand of the pineapple plant for potassium. The solution was collected by means of porous capsule extractors at 30, 120 and 210 days from the start of vinasse application. It was found that increases in the volume of the applied levels resulted in greater values for the electrical conductivity of the soil (ECs) and in the concentration of potassium (K) and nitrate (NO3), with higher values being obtained in the 0.20 m layer. The results demonstrated that pH decreased with increases in the vinasse being applied.

Actualmente, la contaminación por metales pesados en cuerpos naturales de agua es un problema a resolver, por cuanto es cada vez mayor su concentración. Para tal fin, han sido usadas tecnologías, como la precipitación química, la oxidación, el intercambio iónico, entre otras; sin embargo, muchas de estas resultan poco eficientes si se desean remover contaminantes, especialmente, a bajas concentraciones. En este contexto, en el presente trabajo, se estudió la adsorción como proceso para la remoción de plomo en aguas residuales industriales, usando biomasa residual, a partir de cáscara de naranja y zuro de maíz. Se realizó una comparación entre las biomasas utilizadas, variando el tamaño de partícula y el pH, con el fin de determinar las mejores condiciones de adsorción. Se encontró que las biomasas presentaron mayor capacidad de adsorción a condiciones de tamaño de partícula de 0,5mm, para el zuro de maíz y 1mm, en la cáscara de naranja, a un pH de 6, con valores de remoción de 67,5% y 99,2%, respectivamente. Se utilizaron diferentes modelos para describir la cinética de adsorción de Pb (II), siendo el de mayor ajuste el modelo de pseudo primer orden; por otro lado, el modelo de isoterma que se ajustó mejor a los resultados obtenidos fue el propuesto por Freundlich.