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This study investigates whether capital account liberalization, a leading characteristic of globalization, is associated with firms' future innovation output. Employing a novel firm-level panel data set covering 41 countries over two decades, we show that capital account liberalization is significantly associated with higher corporate patenting activities, particularly for firms from innovation-intensive industries. Further analyses show that the effect is stronger among firms from economies in a better legal environment, signifying the important role of good institutional quality in facilitating the positive impact of liberalization. The effect is also stronger among firms with higher initial productivity, consistent with the "productivity" hypothesis, according to which bigger and more productive firms generate more innovation after liberalization. Our findings are robust to the use of various measurements, subsamples, and estimation models. This study provides global firm-level evidence of the real economic impact of financial globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I examine the response of Saudi Arabia's military spending to a positive shock in Iran's economic globalization index. Using vector autoregression (VAR)-based impulse response functions with data from 1990 to 2020 and controlling for other key economic and demographic indicators, I find a negative and statistically significant response of Saudi Arabia's military spending to a positive shock in Iran's economic integration in the global markets. I also observe a similar decreasing response of Saudi Arabia's military spending following a positive shock in Iran's political globalization index. However, I do not find such negative and significant response for positive shocks in other components of Iran's globalization, such as in the social and cultural aspects. Finally, I do not observe a significant positive response from either country's military spending to a positive shock in the other's military spending, suggesting that the military budgeting of either country is not strictly interconnected. In early 2023, both countries reached an agreement to reactivate their political relationship, promising a decrease in regional tension and a favorable outlook for the potential easing of economic sanctions on Iran. This may result in a significant peace dividend, especially for Saudi Arabia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maritime activities have become increasingly frequent with the deepening of economic globalization, highlighting the burgeoning significance of maritime rescue. However, in practical applications, UAVs for maritime rescue face numerous challenges, such as limited endurance and inadequate autonomous planning capabilities. To optimize flight routes and circumvent adverse sea conditions, an improved Pied Kingfisher Optimizer (IPKO) that incorporates refraction reverse learning, variable spiral search, and Cauchy mutation strategies was proposed. Comparative experiments conducted on CEC2005 and CEC2022 datasets with seven traditional algorithms demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits superior precision and convergence speed. Subsequently, a path planning objective function was constructed based on trajectory cost and threat cost to simulate a 3D space for UAV maritime rescue missions, and the IPKO algorithm was applied to address the UAV path planning problem. The results showed that the total cost incurred by the IPKO algorithm decreased by 5.77% compared to the PKO algorithm and by 51.19% compared to the SCA algorithm. Finally, through UAV flight tests validating its practical applicability, it is ascertained that IPKO can enhance rescue efficiency in complex maritime rescue environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an analysis of the evolution and mechanisms of the intercity cooperation network of the Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Based on spatial analysis, social network analysis, and zero‐inflated negative binomial regression analysis, the following key findings are reported: First, the GBA's intercity cooperation network unfolds a strong trend away from a centralized structure towards a polycentric pattern and networked regional governance. Second, the GBA's intercity cooperation is marked by unevenness and path dependence, with high‐level linkages almost exclusively the purview of the area's most economically developed cities. Third, heavily cultivated by economic globalization and national power, the heightening of intercity cooperation is the result of condensed switching among jurisdictions where both endogenous and exogenous factors have rearranged and characterized by uneven development trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al Bashaer Economic Journal is the property of Al Bashaer Economic Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Among the contemporary issues in the global environment is how countries' and regions' interactions benefit economic agents, especially in developing countries where poverty prevails. Over the years, globalization has continued to increase, mainly as a result of differences in resources and technology, but how it affects the poor has remained one of the central issues in international economics. In this paper, we thus developed a Globalization-Growth-Poverty (GGP) triangular nexus to provide an answer to whether globalization and growth can help India achieve Goal 1 of sustainable development. The cointegration approach was used, and our result validates the globalization-led growth hypothesis and shows interconnectedness among globalization, economic growth, and poverty, which confirms the GGP triangular nexus. Our results further show that growth and globalization have a positive near future impact on poverty in India. Thus, the results suggest to the government and policymakers that the achievement of poverty reduction and sustainable development in India can be realized with sustained economic growth and increased globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facts have proven that humanity has incurred a significant environmental cost in the process of gaining economic success due to a surge in carbon dioxide emissions. Nevertheless, if carbon emissions are not curbed at the same time, economic growth may be slowed or stopped completely. It is for this reason that OECD member countries have set out plans to cut emissions. For this reason, the current paper scrutinizes the consequence of renewable energy intake, nonrenewable energy usage, economic globalization and economic progress on environmental destruction among 28 OECD countries by means of data spanning 1990 to 2019 period. The augmented mean group heterogeneous panel model and the common correlated effects mean group regression technique revealed evidence of a positive and negative significant connection between economic progress, and square of economic progress and carbon emission respectively (thus justifying the presence of the reversed U-shaped curve hypothesis) for OECD countries. Moreover, both renewable energy intake and economic globalization reveal a destructive connection with environmental destruction while nonrenewable energy intake has positive significant relationship with the environment. It was also disclosed that renewable energy intensifies the environmental destruction reducing effect of globalization and negatively moderates the impact of economic progress on environmental destruction. On the basis of the findings, appropriate policy recommendations have been developed to assist these economies in their efforts to dissociate economic progress from environmental destruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how economic globalization, innovations in environment-related technology, shifts in industrial structure, and GDP collectively influence the ecological footprint of the top 10 Asian countries known for technological innovation from 1999 to 2018. Results show that economic globalization, industrial structure change, and GDP are important determinants of ecological footprint. Greater economic globalization and GDP growth harm the environment and require more resources. However, industrial structure change toward services ameliorates environment pressure. Uni-directional causality was established from globalization to ecological footprint, from ecological footprint to industrial structure change, and from GDP to industrial structure change. In addition, bidirectional causalities were also confirmed: between GDP and ecological footprint, between GDP and environment-related technology innovation, between economic globalization and GDP, and between environment-related technology innovation and ecological footprint. Finally, this study recommends that governments should enhance technological innovation, encourage industrial structure change towards high-value-added service industries, and use low-carbon energy in the pursuit of globalization. These results have notable implications for energy policy and economic sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of economic and political globalization on financial stability in developing countries. By using data from 108 developing countries from 2012 to 2021, and applying fixed effect and System GMM estimation methods, we provide some important findings. First, we find that economic globalization reduces financial stability but political globalization enhances financial stability in developing countries. Second, we provide strong evidence that credit information sharing plays a crucial role in reducing the negative impact of economic globalization on financial stability and enhancing the positive effect of political globalization on financial stability in developing countries. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on globalization and financial stability by shedding light on their multifaceted outcomes within developing countries. Furthermore, in the context of endeavors by developing countries to enhance financial stability, our research provides some important implications for these countries to have appropriate policies to achieve their goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating apprehension regarding climate change mitigation has intensified the quest for energy alternatives that are low in carbon emissions, economically viable, and consistently available. Within this context, renewable energy sources emerge as fitting candidates, being recognized for their eco-friendliness and cleanliness. Nonetheless, despite the allure of transitioning towards cleaner energy, there exists a notable dearth of literature addressing the pivotal role of solar energy innovations and economic globalization in advancing the agenda of climate change mitigation (SDG-13), thus complicating the prediction of factors influencing ecological quality. Consequently, this study undertakes the inaugural investigation into the impact of solar energy innovation on ecological footprint, while also considering the influences of digitalization, economic globalization, renewable energy, and natural resources in the USA. To this end, Quantile-on-Quantile Kernel-Based Regularized Least Squares (QQKRLS) and wavelet quantile regressions (WQR) methodologies are employed, utilizing data spanning from 2000 to 2020. The analysis reveals that solar energy innovation, along with renewable energy, digitalization, and economic globalization, exerts a negative impact on ecological footprint, whereas natural resources exhibit a positive influence. Drawing from these insights, it becomes apparent that a concerted effort from stakeholders and policymakers is imperative in realizing the objectives of SDG-13 and SDG-7, necessitating a paradigm shifts in the USA's energy portfolio away from fossil fuels towards renewables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geopolitical rivalry has intensified to a degree not seen since the Cold War. The US and China have embraced interventionist state-capitalist practices in competing attempts to gain control over the transnational networks that underpin globalization. As a result, multinational corporations (MNCs) are exposed to unprecedented levels of geopolitical risk. Most MNCs are responding in one of two ways. Some hedge and try to remain aloof from the US–China rivalry, while others align with the geostrategic objective of states in order to secure patronage (e.g. subsidies and public contracts). If MNCs maintain global production networks bridging the US–China divide they will attenuate the fragmentation of the global economy. Alternatively, if MNCs align with states’ geostrategic objectives, they will accelerate economic fragmentation. We conclude that this emergent meta-context and MNC risk mitigation strategies are shaping what we refer to as geostrategic globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of contemporary rural depopulation have been explained and addressed mainly as a result of structural transformations brought about by economic globalization. The influence of cultural/relational aspects has been less present in the scientific literature, where much of the analysis has been concerned with questions such as the effect of bond and attachment to the local. In connection with this matter, our paper explores how the interactions between social capital and community resilience dynamics affect decisions to leave or stay. The paper finds that the link between social capital and local resilience strategies is mediated by interdependent pattern. To understand how these connections are shaped and operate, we propose the notion of eco‐esteem, understanding it as a pattern of linkages with the socio‐ecosystem, determined by relationships and practices, which conditions people's attitudes, behaviors, expectations and, ultimately, their decisions to stay in or leave the rural world. To demonstrate the usefulness of this theoretical‐methodological perspective, we present a qualitative ethnographic case study in two municipalities in Extremadura (Spain), which are similar in their socio‐demographic characteristics, but which experience significantly different depopulation dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic development of N-11 countries has been significantly influenced by the contributions of natural resources (NAT) and economic globalization (EG). These countries have been facing drastic environmental problems for several years. Hence, it is imperative to ascertain the environmental ramifications of natural resource extraction activities in the N-11 nations. In doing so, this study examines the impact of gross domestic product (GDP), EG, and NAT on ecological footprints (EF) within the time frame of 1971 to 2022 in the group of N-11 countries. After verifying the cross-sectional dependence, this work found the integration of all variables at first difference. To provide short and long run econometric results; this study utilizes cross sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL). The findings indicate that the presence of NAT rent has a detrimental impact (0.03%) on the ecological quality within the N-11 nations. Moreover, it can be argued that both EG and GDP exhibit environmentally sustainable characteristics over an extended period by (0.03% and − 3.12%) respectively. This study does not provide evidence for the presence of an N-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in the N-11 nations. Based on the findings, a policy recommendation is proposed for the nations in question. These countries must immediately implement and enforce robust environmental laws while fostering a heightened sense of environmental consciousness. It is imperative for emerging economies to increase their investments to explore and adopt efficient technologies in various economic sectors, including mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As globalization and economic development accelerate, Chinese tea has emerged as an essential export commodity in the international market. China boasts abundant tea resources, which have significantly promoted economic growth through tea exports. This study analyses the relevant literature and the prevailing state of China's tea export trade. Using statistical data on tea exports and empirical research methodologies, this investigation examines the key determinants influencing the high-quality development of China's tea export sector. The research integrates relevant frontier theories from management science and engineering to propose tailored recommendations. The study reveals that while the industry has demonstrated robust economic growth, it is confronted with challenges such as the need for enhanced brand visibility and adherence to international quality benchmarks. The research findings highlight the positive influence of the "Belt and Road" initiative on the tea export trade, which advocates for strategic international collaboration. This study concludes with policy recommendations that underscore the importance of bolstering the international dissemination of Chinese tea culture, standardizing export practices, and fostering global cooperation to augment the industry's high-quality development trajectory. The findings aim to enhance the export capabilities of Chinese tea and foster the robust growth of the tea export industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs the two‐stage difference‐in‐differences (2sDiD) estimator to investigate the causal effect of economic sanctions on political stability. It contributes to existing research by (1) re‐evaluating sanctions' impacts on political stability using newly introduced causal inference methods, and (2) distinguishing the effects of sanctions across various political regimes and economic globalisation levels. The article argues that economic sanctions create economic hardships for the target population, leading to public frustration toward their governments, which stimulates political mobilisation and thereby decreases the country's political stability. However, sanctions hurt democracies more than autocracies because autocratic regimes can suppress public dissent through repression and citizens face higher costs for opposition. Moreover, economic globalisation offers targets alternatives to sanctioned products and services, potentially weakening sanctions thus damaging political stability more in low‐globalised than in high‐globalised countries. Empirical findings from 9230 country‐year observations between 1949 and 2022 largely align with the theoretical predictions, showing that economic sanctions undermine the target's political stability, with these destabilising effects contingent upon its political regime and economic globalisation levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Huila, Colombia, small cacao producers (Theobroma cacao L) carry out their productive activities using traditional agroforestry practices, within an economic environment of globalization and free market. However, despite having a centuries-old cacao culture, cacao production systems show evidence of not being economically sustainable and may lose their function in the long term. The purpose of this article is to present the research findings to formulate a methodological model that ensures economic sustainability for cacao production systems, conducted at the Universidad Surcolombiana. The proposed new methodological model is based on calculating eleven indicators of financial sustainability for the cacao system, covering production, management, and marketing approaches and their subsequent synthesis into five indices, using techniques for standardization, weighting, and aggregation of indicators. The empirical results obtained through surveys of 228 cacao producers and 13 experts served as the basis for deriving economic sustainability indices, which reveal the heterogeneity in the management of cacao production systems and classify them into five groups. It is concluded that 6.58% of the plantations have very low sustainability, 22.81% have low sustainability, 47.37% are moderately sustainable, 21.93% have high sustainability, and 1.32% have very high sustainability. It also identifies an opportunity to increase the productivity of the cacao system in Huila by 60%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abundance of natural resources (NRR) is often regarded as a double‐edged sword, with the potential to promote or hinder sustainable development. Nevertheless, it is imperative to effectively manage the resources to ensure their sustainability and minimize their detrimental economic and environmental effects. Environmental regulations of nations and a structural shift towards more advanced and knowledge‐intensive modes of production can substantially contribute to this objective. Using a holistic index of sustainable development, this study aims to explore the interplay between NRR, economic complexity (ECI), environmental regulations, economic globalization, and sustainable development in 25 European Union (EU) countries from 1995 to 2019. The empirical results from the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MM‐QR) reveal a negative relationship between NRR and sustainable development, supporting the hypothesis of the resource curse. Conversely, the study demonstrates that ECI and environmental regulations drive sustainable development. Furthermore, economic globalization is found to have a detrimental effect on sustainable development. Finally, panel causality results revealed causal links from NRR, ECI, and environmental regulations to sustainable development. Meanwhile, ECI and environmental regulations have a causal impact on NRR. Our key findings lead towards the manifestation and emphasis of the importance of appropriate policies for the sustainable utilization of NRR and, concurrently, underscore the significance of environmental regulations and ECI in the pursuit of sustainable development in EU countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Economic nationalism has been on the rise for the past two decades. Scholars have also noted the shift away from globalization and deregulation toward a more prominent role of the state in the economy. I explore the role played by populist governments in the increased adoption of economic nationalism and in this return of the state. I argue that the populist worldview lends itself naturally to a consolidation of power—not just political, but also economic. This consolidation of economic power results in a more prominent state even in countries where the populist regime is a right‐leaning one. Methods: I test this argument quantitatively by analyzing governments in 30 European countries since 1990, levels of state ownership in the economy, and a battery of economic and political controls. Results: The election of a populist government is associated with a strengthening of state ownership in the economy. Conclusion: I conclude with a discussion of the prospects for the future study of this populist economic agenda both domestically and internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consequences of economic globalization on electoral outcomes have recently become a prominent topic of research. We complement the emerging literature on this topic by studying whether changes in a subnational region's trade competitiveness affect the incumbent's vote share in that region. Using a novel dataset that relates subnational trade competitiveness to election results in 29 countries over a 20‐year period, we show that this is indeed the case. We also show that this effect is most pronounced for elections where the clarity of responsibility is high. Finally, we find mixed evidence for a moderating effect of incumbents' economic ideology as a moderator. These findings also contribute to the broader economic voting literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although globalization is widely credited for unprecedented global economic growth, it also bears responsibility for climate change. Today, the primary emphasis of contemporary research is to find ways that help to reduce climate change adversaries without compromising the globalization-led economic development agenda. Thus, this study takes the case of 12 emerging economies selected based on their emissions profile and vulnerability to climate change. Covering annual data from 1972 to 2018, this study accounts for globalization's economic, social, and political aspects and empirically tests their relationship with carbon footprints and energy demand in the panel countries. The results confirm the long-run equilibrium relationship among all the underlying variables and find that economic globalization significantly contributes to energy demand and carbon emissions. However, such an effect can be overcome through social globalization. Whereas political globalization reduces the energy demand but spurs carbon emissions. Our results rule out the ant-globalization narrative and support pro-globalization chronicles for sustainable development policy agenda in emerging economies. We suggest that the emerging countries that are mainly facing the decision dilemma to choose between sustainable economic growth and a sustainable environment, are better off if they equally integrate socially and politically with the global economy. Moreover, the model is checked for robustness using FMOLS and found validated. It warrants that the results are appropriate for policy control use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boosting energy consumption, ensuring energy supply security, and mitigating emissions are critical global concerns, especially during the surge in energy prices, continuous expansion in income level and persistent economic integration with other countries, and climate change. The existing evidence on the determinant of renewable energy is still in its early stages; however, there is currently limited empirical evidence regarding the determinant of renewable energy in Australia. Therefore, this study probed into the effect of the asymmetric effect of economic globalization on renewable energy usage in Australia, which prior studies in the literature have neglected. The study employed carbon emissions, economic growth, and oil price as other regressors. The dataset for the period spanning from 1970 to 2018 was analyzed using the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag. Evidence from the empirical analysis reported that the positive variation in economic globalization has a positive and significant effect on renewable energy, thus the rise in economic globalization promotes renewable energy. Meanwhile, the negative variation in economic globalization has a neutral impact on renewable energy. Furthermore, economic growth and oil price positively and significantly affect the usage of renewable energy in Australia. Moreover, carbon emissions have a negative and significant effect on renewable energy. Furthermore, the wavelets coherence was also for the robustness test, which reports positive co-movement between all regressors and renewable energy, except for CO2 emissions (negative co-movement). Economic globalization, economic growth, and CO2 emissions drive renewable energy, while renewable energy leads to oil prices in Australia. This study offers significant and crucial suggestions to policymakers in Australia, emphasizing the need to prioritize environmental sustainability and promote economic globalization to foster the growth of the clean and efficient energy sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The economic development of N-11 countries has been significantly influenced by the contributions of natural resources (NAT) and economic globalization (EG). These countries have been facing drastic environmental problems for several years. Hence, it is imperative to ascertain the environmental ramifications of natural resource extraction activities in the N-11 nations. In doing so, this study examines the impact of gross domestic product (GDP), EG, and NAT on ecological footprints (EF) within the time frame of 1971 to 2022 in the group of N-11 countries. After verifying the cross-sectional dependence, this work found the integration of all variables at first difference. To provide short and long run econometric results; this study utilizes cross sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL). The findings indicate that the presence of NAT rent has a detrimental impact (0.03%) on the ecological quality within the N-11 nations. Moreover, it can be argued that both EG and GDP exhibit environmentally sustainable characteristics over an extended period by (0.03% and − 3.12%) respectively. This study does not provide evidence for the presence of an N-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in the N-11 nations. Based on the findings, a policy recommendation is proposed for the nations in question. These countries must immediately implement and enforce robust environmental laws while fostering a heightened sense of environmental consciousness. It is imperative for emerging economies to increase their investments to explore and adopt efficient technologies in various economic sectors, including mining.

Over the past three decades, there has been a significant increase in information and communication technology (ICT) investments around the world, resulting in a rise in the use of modern ICT packages. Sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries, however, face different challenges. This study examines the relationship between ICT diffusion, foreign direct investment (FDI), trade openness, and economic globalization on inclusive growth for 48 SSA countries during 2005–2020. We use the modified generalized method of moments method for estimation. Empirical results reveal that ICT has a positive and significant influence on inclusive growth, while trade and economic globalization have a negative impact. FDI, on the other hand, has a favorable and considerable effect on inclusive growth. Inflation and vulnerable employment have negative impacts on inclusive growth, whereas social protection has a positive impact. From a policy standpoint, it is recommended that policymakers focus on enhancing ICT penetration in the region, particularly integrating ICT into the educational system to improve learning effectiveness and reduce research costs. Additionally, the interaction between economic globalization and ICT diffusion can enhance inclusive growth. Therefore, macroeconomic policies should promote ICT development, implement sound trade agreements, and attract capital inflows for inclusive economic growth. ICT diffusion is deemed both necessary and sufficient for SSA's advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates inflation dynamics in emerging markets. We apply a multi-country model (GVAR) and a time-varying Granger causality test (TVGC) to examine the drivers of inflation in Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, South Africa, and Türkiye over the period 1980Q1-2022Q4. The aim is to ascertain whether these drivers are locally or globally determined and vary over time. The GVAR model results indicate that local and global factors drive domestic inflation, collectively contributing to inflationary pressures in emerging countries. The TVGC results, on the other hand, provide strong evidence of the causality from local and global factors to domestic inflation. Local factors appear to have a stronger influence than global ones, suggesting that local dynamics play a more significant role in explaining inflation in these countries. Consequently, globalization and economic/trade integration, seen as tools to suppress inflation, can turn into factors that cause inflation in the face of a supply shock such as the one caused by the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulating the circulation of technology is a powerful weapon to exercise global power. In August 2022 U.S. president Joe Biden moved to strangle China's high-end semiconductor industry by imposing a swath of export controls aimed at restricting the country's access to global semiconductor supply chains. While this chip war is usually framed as a bilateral conflict between Washington and Beijing the success of the U.S. strategy depends on the active cooperation of allied firms and governments. This article fills a critical gap in the standard narrative. It describes how the U.S. government has constructed an empire by regulation leveraging its global political and economic power to impose extraterritorial export controls on allied trade. By seeking to regulate the flow of technology knowledge people and foreign investment into China the U.S. risks alienating traditional allies and has triggered China to seek self-sufficiency in the production of advanced semiconductors for civilian and military applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the in-depth development of economic globalization and the increasingly close ties between countries in the world, how to train international talents has become an important topic. Cross-cultural learning is conducive to broadening the horizons of learners and cultivating international talents. An effective network support environment and the design of cross-cultural learning activities are the keys to the success of cross-cultural learning. As an emerging network software with rich functions, simple development and convenient use, the WeChat Mini Program (WMP) can serve as a network support platform for cross-cultural learning activities. This study developed a cross-cultural learning platform based on the WeChat mini program. Under the guidance of activity theory, this study builds a WMP-based design model of cross-cultural learning activities, including the components of learners, resources, cross-cultural learning community, WMP, rules, role division and activity process. Under the guidance of this model, we designed, implemented and evaluated WMP-based cross-cultural learning activities for Chinese students and international students at Lanzhou University. The research results show that the cross-cultural learning activities designed and implemented under the guidance of the model have a positive impact on learners’ knowledge, abilities and literacies. It is expected that this study will enrich the platform of cross-cultural learning and provide a reference for the design of cross-cultural activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Container ports and hinterland manufacturing are two important forces of the local participation in economic globalization. This study, taking the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China with an export-oriented economy as an example, applies Huff and panel regression models to evaluate the impact of hinterland manufacturing on the development of container ports during the period of 1993–2019. The results show that 1) the spatial patterns of hinterlands for hub ports help to determine the distribution range and scale of economic variables that affect port throughput; 2) the hinterland's gross manufacturing output has universally positive influence on port throughput, wherein export-oriented processing and the entire manufacturing industry have significantly positive impact on port throughput in 1993–2011 and 2001–2019, respectively; 3) the two internal structural factors related to an export-oriented economy, labor-intensive sectors and foreign-funded terminals, have positively moderate the direct influence of hinterland manufacturing on port throughput. Our results highlight the importance of local context in understanding port-manufacturing relationship in developing economies. Based on our findings, policy implications are further proposed to enhance port network organization in PRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensifying rivalry between the United States and the People's Republic of China has spawned a proliferation of contradictory laws and regulations, plunging transnational actors into a vexing compliance dilemma--conformity with U.S. law and its necessitation of contravening Chinese law, and vice versa. This Article illuminates this superpower legal rivalry and how multinational corporations ("MNCs"), as prime beneficiaries of post-Cold War economic globalization, navigate this fractured, intricate legal terrain when compelled to take sides amid the great power competition. It begins by providing the first comprehensive exposition of the major competing legal mandates imposed by the U.S. and Chinese governments across a diverse array of regulatory domains. This Article then triangulates this comparative analysis with empirical evidence, leveraging two sets of survey data to investigate Chinese MNCs' varying exposure to the compliance dilemma. It finds that state ownership, intensive regulation, and the engagement of greenfield investment correspond to heightened vulnerabilities. Next, this Article formulates a theoretical framework modeling the superpower legal rivalry and corporate reactions as parts of a dynamic, strategic, multi-actor process. Applying insights from neo-institutionalism, this account integrates the analyses of corporate internal and external responses to the fractured, intricate global compliance environment. The legal rivalry and the responses of transnational actors will profoundly reshape the existing international legal, economic, and political orders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The distributed permutation flow shop scheduling problem (DPFSP) is one of the hottest issues in the context of economic globalization. In this paper, a Q-learning enhanced fruit fly optimization algorithm (QFOA) is proposed to solve the DPFSP with the goal of minimizing the makespan. First, a hybrid strategy is used to cooperatively initialize the position of the fruit fly in the solution space and the boundary properties are used to improve the operation efficiency of QFOA. Second, the neighborhood structure based on problem knowledge is designed in the smell stage to generate neighborhood solutions, and the Q-learning method is conducive to the selection of high-quality neighborhood structures. Moreover, a local search algorithm based on key factories is designed to improve the solution accuracy by processing sequences of subjobs from key factories. Finally, the proposed QFOA is compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms for solving 720 well-known large-scale benchmark instances. The experimental results demonstrate the most outstanding performance of QFOA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We notice that our society has been going through a series of radical transformations for some time that leave their mark in all areas of life: the accelerated pace of innovation through the development of technology, the digitalization of services, the economic changes that lead to the redistribution of the poles of well-being, competitiveness and opportunity among the workforce work, reducing the amount of available resources and increasing the struggle for the already existing ones, including in the labor market. These forces, which until now seemed to draw new patterns only at the macro, business level, are increasingly felt at the individual level as well. And this is how, in the midst of the digital revolution, managers are also challenged to continuous change. We are thus witnessing the emergence of a new type of manager, in which his role as a leader leaves the sphere of the discourses of capitalist organizations, entering also into the personal plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the world's developed countries have negative consequences of unbalanced economic growth and environmental sustainability. The current study contributes to the literature by investigating the impacts of sub‐indices of globalization, renewable energy, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in G‐7 countries of United Kingdom, United States, Japan, Canada, France, Italy, and Germany. The article demonstrates the correlation between numerous variables in the G‐7 countries between 1990 and 2020, including GDP per capita growth, CO2 emissions, globalization, and renewable and non‐renewable energy. The Pooled Mean Group (PMG) technique performs significant tests for cross‐sectional dependence, panel unit root, co‐integration, and descriptive statistics. The study results show that environmental pollution rises with economic growth and falls in the presence of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy use, political globalization, and economic globalization lower environmental harm. From the finding, we indicate that we reduce the environmental pollution in the given countries by lowering or raising the factor affecting the country. A globe map was used in the current study to assign the G‐7 nations. Based on the findings, we addressed several policy initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers and policymakers hold diverse opinions about the impact of globalization on environmental degradation. Over the past three decades, increased economic, social, and political interconnections have fueled this debate. However, prior studies have largely overlooked these facets of globalization concerning environmental implications, particularly carbon emissions in developing countries. We contribute to this discourse by examining how various aspects of globalization (economic, social, and political) and two specific measures, de facto and de jure trade, influenced carbon emissions in four selected South Asian countries from 1996 to 2019. The results obtained through feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) reveal that economic globalization increases carbon emissions while social and political globalization reduces them. These results further confirm that, in South Asia, the pollution haven hypothesis is associated only with economic globalization. In contrast, social and political globalization support the world polity theory, indicating potential for positive change. The results also show that both de facto and de jure measures of disaggregated globalization equally influence carbon emissions, suggesting a significant impact from policy interventions. For future environmental sustainability, the governments of these nations should intensify their efforts to strengthen social and political globalization. Meanwhile, the adverse effects of economic globalization can be mitigated by reducing reliance on fossil fuels and providing financial assistance to businesses to encourage the use of renewable energy and modern technology in production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study intends to empirically evaluate the effects of economic globalization and its components (i.e. trade and financial openness) on unemployment in high‐, middle‐ and low‐income countries from 1991 to 2020. Further, it considers real GDP per capita (sectoral divisions of income, i.e. agriculture, industry and service sector) and urbanization as control variables in the unemployment function. On the empirical front, this study employs the Panel Dynamic Simulated ARDL model and the Kernel‐Based Regularized Least Squares for long‐run influence estimations. The emanating outcome of these analyses states that economic globalization destroys employment opportunities for low‐income countries as it enhances unemployment in the long run. However, in high‐ and middle‐income countries, economic globalization creates employment, which implies reducing unemployment in the long run. The result also indicates that trade and financial openness destroy employment opportunities in low‐income countries. Although trade openness in middle‐income countries shows the same effect, financial openness does not mimic the same. For high‐income countries, trade openness reduces unemployment, but financial openness fosters it. Therefore, these findings indicate that to keep unemployment at a low level, policies related to the opening up of the economy in terms of factor mobility, offshoring, outsourcing and international trade need to be implemented in low‐income countries. Moreover, a similar consideration is needed for high and middle‐income countries to avoid faraway repercussions on unemployment due to becoming a peripheral country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proponents of globalization claim that economic globalization (EGLO) is a catalyst for women's economic empowerment (WEE), whereas the opponents of EGLO are of the view that it is detrimental to WEE, especially in developing countries, as it can exacerbate preexisting inequality. This study has examined the impact of EGLO on WEE from 2005 to 2020 for 45 African countries. The analysis disaggregated the EGLO variable into trade and financial globalizations to examine their individual impact on WEE. The system generalized method of moments is used as the estimation technique. The results show that overall EGLO, trade globalization and financial globalizations significantly promote WEE. Furthermore, the paper reveals that female labour force participation and human development expedite WEE. The results obtained from the analyses of the segregated data – official English and non‐English speaking countries – are consistent with the aggregated data. Given these findings, this paper sheds light on how WEE could be enhanced on the African continent. Promoting WEE has the potential to expedite the achievement of some of the sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of fortified borders around the world has risen precipitously. This surge in walls is an important part of the larger globalization "backlash," as countries react to the unwanted consequences of economic openness and globalization, with a rise in illicit trade and smuggling being a prominent example. Despite the prominence of the idea that walls are built to combat illicit flows, no research systematically explores how walls generally affect illicit trade. This is a notable omission for at least two reasons. First, the most prominent explanations for wall construction put combating illicit trade front and center. Second, recent work that finds walls significantly reduce legal trade argues that this finding derives from border fortifications diverting illegal trade to ports of entry, which leads to more inspection, security, and transaction costs. We develop a new measure of illicit trade flows using over five decades of product-level data and provide a battery of evidence that shows border barriers increase illicit flows at ports of entry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Art & Interpretation / Sanat ve Yorum is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study empirically examines whether economic globalization reduces (enhances) the level of poverty in the top (bottom) globalized region by controlling economic growth, urbanization, government expenditure, and public expenditure on education. This issue has taken Europe and Central Asia (ECA) as the top (16) and South Asia (SA) as the bottom (7) economic globalized developing region for the empirical analysis for the period of 1991-2020. Two empirical models, non-linear ARDL and PMG-ARDL, estimate the impact of globalization (trade and financial openness) and education on poverty. This study also segregates economic globalization into de jure and de facto to critically analyze the impact on poverty reduction. The long-run results suggest that economic globalization has a negative (positive) effect on poverty in the top (bottom) globalized region. Apart from globalization, primary education is insufficient for reducing poverty in the ECA region, while primary education is enough to reduce poverty in the SA region. After replacing economic globalization with trade and financial openness, the results reveal that more trade openness is difficult for reducing poverty in top globalized developing countries. On the contrary, financial openness reduces (enhances) poverty in the top (bottom) globalized region. Additionally, the impact of de jure and de facto economic globalization are similar throughout the regions. The effects of control variables are mixed in nature. From a policy perspective, the government of these two regions should use education as a weapon to lower poverty vulnerability by improving its quality and giving extensive focus on trade and financial openness to find out the leakage of the financial flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates how Chinese Hui Muslim internal migrants navigate the complexities of ethnic capital and ethnic penalty in their engagement with China-Arab international trade. On one hand, Hui Muslims leverage Arabic language learning opportunities within their community and benefit from religious affinity with foreign Muslims, enhancing their employment and entrepreneurial prospects. On the other hand, they face discrimination from the Han majority, Arab Muslims, and non-Muslim foreigners. Women, seen as “submissive” and “trustworthy”, find more expanded employment opportunities as interpreters for Arab merchants but face overt discrimination due to their Muslim attire. Notably, the Hui’s ethnic capital in the international trade market has diminished in recent years due to Arab merchants’ globalization efforts, such as adopting English for communication. This study contributes to the understanding of Chinese Muslims’ experiences in upward mobility amidst regional disparities and economic globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic openness and globalization are under rising pressure from the proliferation of economic sanctions over the past decades. Data-driven evidence is urgently needed to inform the heated debates about the effectiveness of various sanctions and counter-sanction measures. In this research, we provide a game theoretical framework to model the interplays between the sanction sender and target at different stages of political conflicts. Using real-world international trade data, our game-theoretical framework assesses each country's capability of and vulnerability to economic sanctions and quantifies the feasibility and effectiveness of different counter-sanction measures. Our findings suggest that expanded international trade creates the potential to weaponize economic interdependence for giant economies, imbalanced trade relationships with which is the main source of sanction risk for vulnerable economies. Complete decoupling from these highly capable countries is a costly and ineffective strategy to combat economic sanctions. Bloc-type collective retaliation against the common adversary can be effective under certain scenarios but provides little benefit for major contributors in the bloc, making it impractical in addressing real-world conflicts. Promoting cooperation and dialogue is the ultimate solution to maintaining economic and political stability and security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current era of Society 5.0, a country's economic activities cannot be separated from the progress of innovation and technology, especially intellectual property. Intellectual property is the right to enjoy economically the results of a useful intellectual creativity. The more domestic intellectual property owned by Indonesia, it will greatly support the potential for a better business world in its competition in the era of increasingly advanced economic globalization. This research discusses: How is the potential role of intellectual property in Indonesia to improve the Indonesian economy and how is the implementation of intellectual property legal protection practices for Indonesian economic development. The method used is normative juridical. The data used in this research is obtained through library materials or secondary data on legal rules, legal principles, and juridical norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consensus on industry policy, state intervention and free trade that have been so central to the neoliberal international order of the past three decades has been fundamentally transformed over the past few years. The Biden administration has coined the term 'New Washington Consensus' to describe these transformations in the global political and economic order. The nub of our argument is that rather than being the start of 'deglobalisation', or a turn away from neoliberalism, it represents the emergence of a form of militarised neoliberalism that repurposes and reorganises security institutions and alliances to enable or facilitate global economic accumulation by states such as the United States and China, such that it leads to new forms of regulatory geographies. We contest the idea that this means a shift back towards more statist forms of development. State activism is an important dimension of the new conjuncture, but we see this as the emergence of a different and more militarised neoliberalism. It is not about disconnecting but reconnecting the global economy in a way that favours certain forms of social forces and interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many variables affect well-being, one of which is globalization. Globalization has many dimensions and layers, among which economic, social and political dimensions are of special importance. In this research, KOF globalization index is used. This index consists of three economic, social and political dimensions and each dimension has two De Facto and De Jure components. In this study, economic well-being was first calculated with the composite index of well-being. Then, in the form of four model, the impact of each of the dimensions of globalization and their components on Iran's economic well-being was investigated and tested in the period of 1979-2020 with using the ARDL model. The long run results indicate that all three dimensions of globalization (economic, political and social) have a positive effect on economic well-being. Both De Facto and De Jure components of economic and political globalization have a positive effect on economic well-being. Although De Jure component of social globalization has a positive effect on economic well-being, but its De Facto does not have a significant effect on economic wellbeing. Another finding is that economic growth and real GDP per capita have a positive effect and inflation has a negative effect on economic well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Politics in Latin America is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)