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The paper focuses on analysis of medieval pottery assemblages collected during a rescue archaeological excavation in the centre of Prague-Vysočany in 1999 and 2002. Pottery assemblages are described and their formal properties are then analysed. Some specific problems of site formational processes such as residuality and infiltration are discussed and an example is used to illustrate how to deal with intrusions of pottery shards in archaeological contexts. Pottery assemblages were compared by two characteristics that reflect the degree of influence and archaeological transformation – the degree of heterogeneity and the fragmentation of pottery shards. To measure the heterogeneity, the Shannon diversity index was used.

Dans les deux villes épiscopales de Bourgogne étudiées ici, Auxerre et Autun, les sites choisis pour l’établissement des monastères peuvent être en partie déterminés par leur fonctions, plus ou moins contraignantes. Le cas le plus fréquent en ville est celui des communautés de moines installées, aux VIIe-VIIIe siècles, pour desservir une basilique funéraire ou un tombeau. Cette fonction implique une situation extra muros quelle que soit l’ancienneté de la fondation de la basilique. Il est rare qu’on implante en ville un monastère au sens strict, c’est-à-dire une communauté d’ascètes ; celles-ci sont implantées en dehors des murs mais, même si le rempart permet de les isoler de la ville, elles restent en relation avec celle-ci par des fonctions symboliques. À la différence de ce qui est attesté à Autun et presque partout ailleurs en Gaule, les communautés de femmes d’Auxerre sont situées à l’extérieur de la ville, mais très éloignées ce qui les assimile à des monastères ruraux. In both episcopal cities studied here, Auxerre and Autun, in Burgundy, the sites chosen for the establishment of monasteries can be partly determined by their functions, more or less restrictive. The most frequent in the cities are communities of monks settled in the seventh-eighth centuries to serve a funerary basilica or a tomb. This function involves an extra muros situation whatever the age of the foundation of the basilica. Inside the cities, truly monasteries, that is to say, communities of ascetics, are few; these are located outside the walls, but, although isolated from the city by the rampart, these remain in contact with it by symbolic functions. Unlike that is attested in Autun and almost everywhere else in Gaul, female communities of Auxerre are situated outside the city, but very remote and therefore assimilated to rural monasteries.

Humanističko polje arheologije u svim njezinim granama, prapovijesnoj, antičkoj, srednjovjekovnoj i novovjekovnoj, u pravom je smislu znanost koja je izraženom interdisciplinarnošću i u svim dimenzijama djelovanja okrenuta tisućljetnom prodiranju čovjeka u prostor te raznim oblicima njegove organizacije. Arheologija je, možemo slobodno reći, prekrila svijet svojim trodimenzionalnim djelovanjem. Osim terestričke, tj. uobičajene poljske, postoji podvodna arheologija (more, jezera, vodotoci) i, napokon, arheologija utemeljena na spoznajama pribavljenim daljinskom interpretacijom, tj. odgovarajućim snimkama iz svemira i zraka. Toj trećoj dimenziji arheologije okrenuti smo u našem radu i predočujemo primjere arheoloških nalazišta od sjevera arhipelaga (Krk), uz istočnojadransku obalu i zaobalje, do Pelješca (Ston)., Archaeology and its various branches (Prehistoric, Classical Antiquity, Mediaeval, Modern Era), as a part of the humanities, is a truly interdisciplinary science. Each of its dimensions is oriented towards the ways in which people have occupied spaces for thousands of years and the various forms of organisation this has taken. It can be said that archaeology operates in three dimensions. Apart from terrestrial archaeology, i.e. the usual field work, there is underwater archaeology (seas, lakes, watercourses) and also archaeology based on facts acquired from remote sensing, i.e. photos from space and the air. This paper focuses on this third dimension of archaeology, presenting examples of archaeological sites from the north of the Croatian archipelago, starting with Krk and continuing along the eastern Adriatic, including its hinterland, down to Pelješac (Ston).

In both episcopal cities studied here, Auxerre and Autun, in Burgundy, the sites chosen for the establishment of monasteries can be partly determined by their functions, more or less restrictive. The most frequent in the cities are communities of monks settled in the seventh-eighth centuries to serve a funerary basilica or a tomb. This function involves an extra muros situation whatever the age of the foundation of the basilica. Inside the cities, truly monasteries, that is to say, communities of ascetics, are few; these are located outside the walls, but, although isolated from the city by the rampart, these remain in contact with it by symbolic functions. Unlike that is attested in Autun and almost everywhere else in Gaul, female communities of Auxerre are situated outside the city, but very remote and therefore assimilated to rural monasteries., Dans les deux villes épiscopales de Bourgogne étudiées ici, Auxerre et Autun, les sites choisis pour l'établissement des monastères peuvent être en partie déterminés par leur fonctions, plus ou moins contraignantes. Le cas le plus fréquent en ville est celui des communautés de moines installées, aux VIIe-VIIIe siècles, pour desservir une basilique funéraire ou un tombeau. Cette fonction implique une situation extra muros quelle que soit l'ancienneté de la fondation de la basilique. Il est rare qu'on implante en ville un monastère au sens strict, c'est-à-dire une communauté d'ascètes ; celles-ci sont implantées en dehors des murs mais, même si le rempart permet de les isoler de la ville, elles restent en relation avec celle-ci par des fonctions symboliques. À la différence de ce qui est attesté à Autun et presque partout ailleurs en Gaule, les communautés de femmes d'Auxerre sont situées à l'extérieur de la ville, mais très éloignées ce qui les assimile à des monastères ruraux.

U radu se pokušalo preciznije odrediti u kojem je razdoblju crkvi ... sancti Stephanis regis circa Drauam u Torčecu dodijeljen titular - sv. Stjepan Kralj. Na temelju pisanih i arheoloških materijalnih izvora na primjerima dvaju veoma jakih ranosrednjovjekovna središta južno od Drave, Zagreba i Knina, koji imaju crkve koje nose titular sv. Stjepana Kralja, preciznije je određeno vrijeme kao i prostorni preduvjeti koji su bili potrebni nekoj lokaciji da određeni sakralni objekt bude posvećen najslavnijem vladaru ugarskog prijestolja, Stjepanu I. Težnje za krajevima južno od Drave, Ugarska je dinastija, između ostalog, provodila kulturnom politikom koja se očituje u vidu širenja kršćanstva putem organizacije crkve, a jedan od načina bio je i dodjeljivanje titulara odabranim sakralnim objektima. Poznato ih je još svega pet, koji su se nalazili u blizini važnijih prometnica kao bitnog čimbenika povezivanja ugarskoga panonskog prostora i njihovih središta s područjem južno od Drave. Zaključeno je da su posvećenja uslijedila nakon što je Andrija II. prvo posvetio zagrebačku crkvu, poslije izdavanja isprave godine 1217/1227, pa najkasnije do vremena kraja vladavine Bele IV. (-1270. g.) u drugoj polovini 13. stoljeća. Taj je postupak, kao i rasprostranjenost tih crkava na prostoru Zagrebačke biskupije, vjerojatno potaknut i intenzivnim djelovanjem biskupa Stjepana II. Crkva u Torčecu je u trenutku posvećenja sv. Stjepanu Kralju već bila izgrađena, čemu u prilog ide brojnost okolnih naselja, čije postojanje je evidentirano sustavnim arheološkim istraživanjima toga prostora, kao i nalaz deformirane S-karičice. Brojnost okolnih naselja prvo ranog, a kasnije i razvijenoga srednjeg vijeka u danom je trenutku rezultirala potrebom formiranja župnog središta i nastavka ukopavanja oko nje, o čijem kontinuitetu nam svjedoče provedena arheološka istraživanja na položaju Cirkvišče, kao i u povijesnim pisanim izvorima zabilježena situacija zatečena u prvoj polovini 14. stoljeća., In this paper we tried to determine with more precision in which period the church ... sancti Stephanis regis circa Drauam was assigned its patron saint – St. Stephen the King. Based on written and archaeological material sources on the examples of two highly important mediaeval centres south of the Drava, Zagreb and Knin, both with churches whose patron saint is St. Stephen the King, the time and the spatial preconditions that rendered a location eligible to have a sacral object dedicated to the most glorious ruler of the Hungarian throne, Stephen I was determined with more precision. The Hungarian dynasty pursued its aspirations for the lands south of the Drava, among other things, by a cultural policy reflected in the spread of Christianity through the church organization, and one of the methods was the assignment of a patron saint to chosen sacral buildings. Only five other are known, which were situated next to important communications as an essential factor in connecting the Hungarian Pannonian territory and its centres with the territory south of the Drava. The conclusion was reached that the consecrations took place after Andrew II first consecrated the Zagreb church, after issuing the document in 1217/1227, and at the latest until the rule of Bela IV (-1270) in the second half of the 13th century. That act, as well as the wide distribution of those churches in the area of the Zagreb diocese, was probably motivated also by intense activity of bishop Stephen II. At the moment of the consecration to St. Stephen the King, the church in Torčec had already been constructed, in favour of which speaks the number of neighbouring settlements, whose existence is documented by systematic archaeological excavations of that area, as well as by the find of a deformed S-ring. The considerable number of neighbouring settlements first of the Early and later also of High Middle Ages, at a given moment resulted in the need to form a parish centre and to continue with the burials around it. A testimony to its continuity is provided by archaeological excavations carried out at the site of Cirkvišče, as well as by the situation in the first half of the 14th century, documented in historical written sources.