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As a result of globalization, the removal of barriers to international capital has created a source for countries in need of capital. These capital sources referred to as short-term capital movements or simply portfolio investments, provide significant benefits to the economy when they first enter the country. Investment instruments are instruments used by those who have excess capital in their hands in order to make a profit. The aim of this study is to reveal the cointegration relationships between portfolio investments and investment instruments in Türkiye. The motivation for this study is that there are few studies in the literature that examine cointegration relationships between all investment instruments and portfolio investments. The study comprises quarterly data covering the period from 2009Q1 to 2023Q2. The data has been obtained from the CBRT EVDS system. According to the results of ARDL cointegration analysis; there is a cointegration relationship between the variables both in the short and long run. According to these results, in Türkiye, investment instruments do not significantly affect portfolio investments, but portfolio investments significantly affect investment instruments.

How to finance health services is one of the most important questions that every country seeks the answer to. Technological developments in the field of health, the discovery of new treatment methods, the increase in drug costs and the increase in the average life expectancy have led to increases in the health expenditures of countries. Private health insurance, which is preferred when government health services are inadequate or limited in scope, is an important tool to facilitate individuals' access to health services and reduce their financial risks. Private health insurance can be defined as individuals transferring their health risks to a private insurance company in return for a set premium. In private health insurance, premiums are generally determined according to the risk status (age, health status, gender, etc.) and the scope of the coverage requested. In an inflationary environment, it is important to determine individuals' orientation towards private health insurance in order to understand the changes in the sector. This study aims to determine in which direction and to what extent the premium collection level of private health insurance companies in Türkiye is affected by inflation. The study covers 25 private health insurance companies operating in Türkiye. The relationship between the level of inflation on a monthly basis for the period 2015-2023 and the total premium values of private health insurance of insurance companies is analyzed using ARDL cointegration methodology. According to the results, there is a cointegration relationship between private health insurance and CPI. A one percent increase in the CPI index increases real private health insurance premiums by 0.72 percentage points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Research in Economics, Politics & Finance / Ekonomi, Politika & Finans Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Journal of Research in Economics, Politics & Finance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Faiz oranı ile enflasyon oranı arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamaya çalışan Fisher hipotezinin uzun yıllar boyunca ampirik literatürde incelendiği görülmektedir. Bu çalışma Türkiye'de Fisher hipotezinin geçerliliğini zaman serisi analiz yöntemlerini kullanarak incelemektedir. Literatürden farklı olarak ortalama fonlama maliyeti (AOFM), kredi ve mevduat faiz oranları aynı anda kullanılarak geniş perspektif ile konunun incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Türkiye için 2011:01-2021:08 dönemi arasındaki verilere Engle ve Granger eşbütünleşme analizi yapılmıştır. Seriler arasında eşbütünleşik ilişki bulunmasının ardından FMOLS (Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares) eşbütünleşme tahmincisi kullanılarak hipotezin geçerliliği incelenmiştir. FMOLS analizi tahmin bulgularına göre, enflasyon oranının faiz oranı üzerinde istatistiki anlamlı etkiler yarattığı ve bu etkinin kredi ve mevduat faizlerinde farklılaştığı, kredi faizlerinde daha yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Genel olarak ise en yüksek etkinin AOFM’de olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca Toda ve Yamamoto nedensellik analizi de yapılarak seriler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Toda ve Yamamoto nedensellik analiz sonuçlarına göre enflasyon oranından çeşitli faiz oranlarına nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmektedir. Bu ilişkinin ihtiyaç kredisi ve AOFM’de çift yönlü olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Özetle, ampirik bulgular, Türkiye’de Fisher hipotezinin desteklendiğini göstermektedir.

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is seen that the Fisher hypothesis, which tries to explain the relationship between the interest rate and the inflation rate, is examined in the empirical literature for many years. The study examines the validity of the Fisher hypothesis in Turkey using time series analysis methods. Unlike the literature, it is aimed to examine the subject with a broad perspective by using the average cost of funding (AOFM), loan and deposit interest rates at the same time. For this purpose, Engle and Granger cointegration analysis is performed on the data between 2011.01-2021.08 for Turkey. After finding a cointegrating relationship between the series, the validity of the hypothesis is examined by using Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) cointegration estimator. According to the FMOLS analysis estimation findings, it is seen that the inflation rate has a statistically significant effect on the interest rate, and this effect differs in loan and deposit rates, and is higher in loan rates. In general, it is concluded that the highest effect is in AOFM. In addition, Toda and Yamamoto causality analysis is also performed and the causality relations between the series are examined. According to the results of Toda and Yamamoto causality analysis, causality relationship is determined from inflation rate to various interest rates. It is found that this relationship is bidirectional in consumer loans and AOFM. In summary, empirical findings show that the Fisher hypothesis is supported in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Administrative Sciences / Yonetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Universitesi, Terzioglu Kampusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Uluslararasi Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi is the property of Karadeniz Technical University, Depertmant of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar is the property of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekomomik Yorumlar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gazi Journal of Economics & Business is the property of Gazi Journal of Economics & Business and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Uncertainties are one of the factors affecting investors' investment decisions. In accordance with the wait-and-see policy, which is the best option for investors in an uncertain environment, investors can postpone their investment and consumption decisions. Uncertainties especially in economic policies affect investors' decisions more deeply. In this context, the goal of this study is to test the effect of European Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) index, which represents uncertainties in economic policies of European countries, on BIST 100 index by Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), Johansen Cointegration and cointegration coefficient estimator FMOLS and DOLS. Monthly data between February 1988 and May 2019 were used in this study. Findings of the study, it was reached that there was a long-run interaction between EPU and BIST 100 index and the increases in the EPU index had a negative effect on the BIST 100 index. In addition, one-way causality relationship was determined from the change in EPU index to the change in BIST 100 index.

Çalışmanın amacı Türkiye için enflasyonun 2008 sonrası belirleyicilerini araştırmaktır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi saptamak için 2008:1-2019:12 dönemini kapsayan aylık veriler zaman serisi analizi ile test edilmektedir. Johansen eşbütünleşme analizine göre, serilerin uzun dönemde eşbütünleşik olduğu görülmektedir. Granger nedensellik test sonuçları incelendiğine, TÜFE ile hampetrol ve doğalgaz fiyatları, reel efektif döviz kuru ve yurtiçi kredi hacmi arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, TÜFE’den para arzı ve politika faiz oranına doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi mevcutken, ÜFE ile bankalarca mevduatlara verilen faiz oranından TÜFE’ye doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca VAR analizi temelinde gerçekleştirilen etki-tepki fonksiyonları ve varyans ayrıştırması sonuçları değerlendirilmektedir.

Fiyatlar genel düzeyindeki sürekli artışı enflasyon ve kişilerin çalışmak istediği halde farklı nedenlerden dolayı iş bulup çalışamadığı durumu gösteren işsizlik, iktisat politikasına yön verenlerin çözmeye çalıştıkları en temel sorunlardandır. Enflasyon ve işsizlik bireylerin refah düzeyini düşürdüğü için ekonomilerde düşük enflasyon ve düşük işsizlik amaçlanır, ancak genellikle bu iki amaç birbiriyle çatışmaktadır. Enflasyon ve işsizlik arasındaki ilişki iktisat literatüründe, yüksek enflasyonun düşük işsizliğe, düşük enflasyonun ise yüksek işsizliğe neden olduğunu ortaya koyan Phillips Eğrisi yaklaşımıyla incelenmektedir. Bu nedenle politika yapıcılar bir yandan fiyat istikrarını sağlamak için enflasyonu düşürmeye çalışırlarken; öbür taraftan işsizlik oranını düşürerek toplam çıktıyı yani ekonomik büyümeyi arttırmak için çalışmaktadırlar. Çalışmanın amacı, 2005:1-2020:2 döneminde Türkiye’de Phillips eğrisinin geçerliliğini test etmek için enflasyon ve işsizlik arasındaki ilişkinin durumunu analiz etmektir. Çalışmada ilgili döneme ilişkin Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’ndan elde edilen aylık işsizlik ve enflasyon verileri kullanılmıştır. Bu iki değişken arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek maksadıyla öncelikle serilerin durağanlığı birim kök testlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Ardından uzun dönemli ilişkinin var olup olmadığını ortaya çıkarmak için eşbütünleşme testi uygulanmıştır. Değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli ilişki tespit edildikten sonra ise ilişkinin yönünün belirlenmesi için Vektör Hata Düzeltme Modeli (VECM) tahmin edilmiştir.

Inflation rates and economic growth indicators are substantially important for the economies of countries. Although it has been widely studied in the literature, when it is evaluated both from a theoretical point of view and in terms of empirical studies, there is still no consensus in the speech whether inflation rates has a significant effect on economic growth and if there is an effect, what the direction is. The determination of this phenomenon is very important in terms of economic policy. In this study, in order to investigate the effect of inflation rates in Turkey on Turkey's economic growth, the longterm relationship was examined with Fourier ADL Cointegration analysis using monthly data between the period 2008:02-2021:02. As a result of the applied cointegration, it has been observed that the inflation rate and economic growth move together in the long run. In order to determine the direction of this relationship, FMOLS, DOLS and CCR tests were conducted and it was concluded that the increase in inflation rates would have a negatory effect on economic growth in all three tests. This result supports the view that economic growth will be adversely affected as high inflation expectations will lead to negative expectations for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to develop policy recommendations for indebted developing countries which have big balance of payment deficits due to high energy costs. For this reasons, the study initialy explores developed countries’ nuclear energy policies and hence, to guide developing countries (especially for Turkey and similar countries) who can adopt alternative energy resources to reach a sustainable and higher GDP per capita and to protect themselves against energy price volatilities. Therefore, in available theoretical studies, developing countries, also named as middle income countires whose GDP per capita is lower than developed countries, have been searching for different strategies to catch up the wealth level of developed countires from the aspect of catch-up effect in the Growth Theory. In the context of cross sectional and time series data, the paper anlaysis all available retroperspective panel data method which uses time interval between 1977-2014 for 14 developed and developing countires. The study employs Panel ARDL approach to serve the aim of the study. According to the emprical results, as expected, vector error correction coefficient was founded negaitvely and accepted numerical interval. Therefore, test results indicate that there has been significant and positive relationship between the increment of nuclear share in electricity production and GDP per capita. Countries, especially dependent on raw materials, can reduce reliance on energy import with nuclear energy sources, then they will have a stabilizer for a reasonable level of current deficits which may be necessary for economic growth. In conclusion, the results also indicates that nucluear energy production in developing countries can stimulate economic growth by lowering energy import related production costs in favor of country-wide producers.

Bu çalışmada Kırgızistan ekonomisi enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki sürdürülebilirlik açısından incelenmiştir. Yani çalışmanın amacı ekonomik büyümenin hem enerji üretimi hem de tüketimi açısından uzun dönem ilişkilerinin incelenmesidir. Çalışma 1995-2012 dönemine ait, reel GSYİH, hidrolik enerji üretimi, petrol ithalatı, kömür, petrol ve elektrik tüketimi yıllık verilerine dayanmaktadır. Çalışmada öncelikle serilerin durağanlıkları ADF birim kök testi ile sınanmış ve seriler 1. farkında durağan hale getirilmiştir. İkinci aşamada değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi Granger nedensellik testi ile incelenmiş ve reel GSYİH’den hidrolik enerji üretimine, kömür tüketiminden reel GSYİH’ye ve reel GSYİH’den elektrik tüketimine doğru Granger nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra seriler arasındaki eş bütünleşme ilişkisi Johansen testi ile araştırılmış ve Reel GSYİH, petrol ithalatı ve hidro enerji üretimi arasında uzun-dönemli ilişkinin varlığı belirlenmiş ve Vektör Hata Düzeltme (VEC) modeline göre hata düzeltme katsayısı -0.4876 ve p-değeri 0.0233 bulunmuştur; bunun anlamı (i) kömür tüketimi, elektrik tüketimi ve petrol tüketiminden kişi başına Reel GSYİH’a doğru uzun dönemli eş bütünleşme ilişki vardır, (ii) hata düzeltme mekanizması çalışmakta ve dengeden sapmaların % 48.76’ı bir yıl içinde giderilmektedir. Son olarak eş bütünleşme katsayıları Stock – Watson Dinamik EKK (DOLS) modeli ile tahmin edilmiş ve DOLS modeli ile enerji tüketiminden büyümeye doğru uzun dönemli ilişki tespit edilmiştir.

Bu çalışmada, oynaklık endeksi VIX ile küresel ticaretin öncüsü olarak kabul edilen Baltık Kuru Yük Endeksi Baltic Dry Index - BDI arasındaki ilişki 06.12.2010 - 30.11.2017 dönemi günlük verileri esas alınarak incelenmiştir. Engle - Granger Eşbütünleşme Testi, Hata Düzeltme Modeli ve Kalman Filtresi yaklaşımının kullanıldığı analiz sonucunda iki değişken arasında uzun dönemde bir eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin olduğu, VIX’in BDI’daki değişimi kısa ve uzun dönemde pozitif yönde ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı biçimde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Yapılan Kalman Filtresi Analizi de VIX’in BDI üzerindeki etkisini her zaman noktası için tahmin ettiğinden, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi dinamik bir şekilde ortaya koymuştur

Copyright of Omer Halisdemir Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Economics & Admistrative Sciene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Administrative Sciences / Yonetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Universitesi, Terzioglu Kampusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is expected that this number of increase or decrease will affect the country's economy, as foreign currency inflows are provided thanks to the tourists coming to the country thanks to the tourism sector. At this point, it is a problem to associate the increase or decrease of the number of tourists with the volatility in the exchange rate. So this research, has been prepared to examine the causal relationship between USD exchange rate and the tourism sector in Turkey in the year 2012-2018. In accordance with this purpose; data on exchange rates and tourism revenues, number of tourists, and average spending of tourists were used. First of all, the data used in the study were passed through stages such as seasonality and normal distribution tests, and the series were made stationary and Granger Causality analysis was applied. According to the results of the research, among the average expenditures of the tourists coming with the real exchange rate; it was concluded that there is a correct one-way causality relationship. However, no causality relationship has emerged between the real dollar exchange rate and tourism revenues and the number of visitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two prominant components of countries' integration to the global value chain are the foreign direct investments and trade openness. Under the integration activities of countries with the global economy, there is the expectation that these activities will contribute positively to the national economy. Undoubtedly, these two economic activities affect many macroeconomic indicators in a country. One of the mostİstihdam, Ticari Açıklık, Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları, Eşbütünleşme Analizi important of these macroeconomic indicators is employment. Within this scope, the present study examines the impact of trade openness and the share of foreign direct investment in GDP on employment for E7 countries. As a result of the study covering the period 1993-2017, no long-term relationship between trade openness and employment variables has been determined, while a long-term relationship has been identified between the share of foreign direct investment in GDP and employment. As a result of the cointegration analysis conducted under structural breaks, the impact of foreign direct investment variable on employment has been positive for China, Indonesia and Russia on the employment variable while it has been found to have a negative effect for Brazil and India. No statistically significant relationship has been found for Turkey and Mexico. When structural break date results are analyzed, findings reveal that the long-term relationship between these two variables is affected by both global and country-specific crises for E7 countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kafkas University, Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences Faculty / Kafkas Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of University of Kafkas, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tourism, which constitutes a significant part of the world's gross domestic product, accelerates the development of countries by increasing the national income. The tourism sector with its speacial characterics, such as being foreign exchange earner and employment creation, makes significant contributions to the economy of the country for the solutions of macroeconomic problems like foreign trade deficits, inflation and unemployment, and it supports the economic growth . In this study, the relationship between tourism revenues and economic growth in Turkey for 1970-2016 period is examined. In this context, cointegration and causality analysis have been carried out. As a result, a short-term causality relationship between tourism revenues and economic growth has not been found. However, a long-term relationship has been found among the variables and a causality relation has been determined from tourism revenues to economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Economic & Social Research is the property of Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The necessity of reducing public spending and keeping the role of the state in the economy at the lowest level is widely defended in today's economic environment. It is stated that the tax burden on the economy will decrease by decreasing public expenditures. In this case, it is argued that economic resources will be used by the more productive private sector. It is thought that a faster economic growth will be realized in that case. In addition, economists who defending keynesian politics argue that economic growth can be achieved through public expenditure. Those who do not support this view suggested that the public sector will use resources inefficiently. Because of elections, governments are more inclined to current expenditures, which will increase their voting rate, instead of long-term investments. This study examines the relationship between economic growth and public expenditure in G7 countries, by using annual data from 1990 to 2016. For the stability of the series, the CADF unit root test, for the Panel cointegration relationship, Westerlund-Edgerton (2007) cointegration test is used. Long term cointegration coefficients have been determined by AMG method. In conclusion, it was found that economic growth has increased by rising public expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences / Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Management & Economics Research is the property of Journal of Management & Economics Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Management & Economics Research is the property of Journal of Management & Economics Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Accounting & Auditing Perspective Magazine / Muhasebe ve Denetime Bakış is the property of Union of Chambers of Certified Public Accountants of Turkey (TURMOB) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Türkiye’de reel döviz kuru ile dış ticaret arasındaki ilişkinin araştırıldığı bu çalışmada sırasıyla; “Durağanlık Testi (Birim Kök Analizi), VAR Modeli, Koentegrasyon (Eşbütünleşme) Analizi, Hata Düzeltme Modeli” metodları uygulanarak söz konusu iki olgu, 2003: 1 - 2010: 12 dönemini kapsayan aylık verilerle ampirik olarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre reel döviz kurları ile dış ticaret hacmi arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Öte yandan, reel döviz kurlarından dış ticaret hacmine yönelik hem kısa hem de uzun dönemde bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunurken, dış ticaret hacminden reel döviz kurlarına yönelik olarak yalnızca kısa dönemde bir nedensellik bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Military expenditures are indispensable items of the countries in order to protect national security. Therefore, military expenditures have a substantial share in aggregate public expenditures of many countries and can also affect economies of countries. In this regard, plenty of studies are available in the literature arguing the relationship between military expenditures and economic growth. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the relationships between military expenditures and economic growth in Turkey and the United States between the years of 1961-2015. In accordance with this purpose, Johansen-Juselius cointegration and Granger causality analysis are used in the study. According to the analysis results, it can be said that there is bi-directional causality between the two variables for the Turkey while it can not be found any causal relationship between military spending and economic growth for the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Journal of Social Sciences / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Journal of Abant Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the relationship between exchange rates and tourism incomes of Turkey has been examined both theoretically and empirically. At this point a time series has been prepared from the tourism incomes data in terms of US dollars($) and Euro(€) as Exchange rates for the period 2005 January:2015 June. Within the scope of the study, for tourism sector the variations in tourism incomes as indicator of economic growth have been taken into consideration. According to the results obtained there has been observed neither causality nor cointegration relationship between tourism incomes and exchange rates of US dollar. However it has been reached to a conclusion that there is a long run relationship between tourism incomes and Euro Exchange rates. Meanwhile it is found that there is one way causality from tourism incomes to Euro Exchange rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between energy consumption and inflation in Turkey. For this purpose we employed energy consumption and inflation data that covers the period of 1970 to 2014. Firstly whether the casual relationship between two series or not is determined by standart granger casuality test and Toda-Yamamoto test. In this frame we conclude that there is granger casuality which directed from energy consuption to inflation. In the last section of the analyse, short and long run relation between two series is investigated by ARDL bound testing approach and our results show that there is co-integration among variables that means two series move together in the long run . According to these results, the effect of energy consumption on inflation in the long-run analysis is found negative statistically significant in line with theoretical expectations. However, in the short run analysis coefficient of error correction term is seen statically significant and negative. Therefore, the deviation among the variables converge to each other in the long-run equilibrium level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to test triplet deficit hypothesis which refers to simultaneous existence of savings deficit, budget deficit and current actions deficit within the general functioning of an economy for Turkey. The study benefits from the data between the years of 1980 and 2013 and uses Co-integration and Granger causality tests to analyze triplet deficit hypothesis for Turkey. The results demonstrate that current deficit affect savings deficit and budget deficit one way. Also a two-way interaction between savings deficit and budget deficit was found and triple deficit hypothesis was found to be valid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sakarya Journal of Economics / Sakarya Iktisat Dergisi is the property of Sakarya Journal of Economics / Sakarya Iktisat Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)