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Background: Environment influences infant feeding decisions of mothers, which have influence on growth, development, health and nutrition of infants and children. Objectives: To assess the maternal knowledge and practices towards breast-feeding among mothers in Sohag. To correlate breast-feeding practices with maternal education, parity, mode of delivery, socioeconomic status and employment. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study included 500 mothers of infants attending some primary health centers from 1st January to 30th November 2020. Data were collected using a self-administered standardized questionnaire. Results: Information present in this questionnaire were taken from 500 mothers, their information was founded to be taken from what friends (33%), media (10%) and primitives (57%). 52% of mothers knew that breast feeding was used as contraceptives. 63% of mothers agreed that babies breast fed naturally were healthier than those who breast feed artificially. 67%of mothers agreed that breast milk is useful but not satisfy the nutritional needs to sustain optimal growth beyond 6 months not due to decrease quality of breast milk but increased demand. Breast-feeding is related to educational level, parity, and socioeconomic status, in which (58%) and (80) of mothers had moderate educational level and moderate socioeconomic level respectively. Despite 61% of mothers disagree with the concept that they should stop nursing after only one year. Only 20% of them agreed to give bottle-feeding as complementary. Conclusion: It is really an encouraging observation that majority of the mothers had good knowledge and a positive attitude towards breast-feeding. Majority of the mothers fed the baby colostrum. Late initiation of breast-feeding has implications for health education programs and neonatal feeding strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: Breast feeding is the only food created exclusively for human, and its ingredients are according to the needs of the infant's body and it provides the most appropriate growth conditions. Mother’s BMI is one of the most important factors in duration of lactation. Few studies have yielded conflicting results in this field. The present inquiry set to determine the relation between maternal BMI before pregnancy and duration of breast feeding. Material & Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The samples consisted of 243 mothers who had 2-4 years old children and were visited in Shiraz urban health centers for their growth monitoring. Stratified sampling method was applied, and the data were collected through questionnaires on their medical records. Results: There was a statistical significant relationship between BMI and breast feeding duration. There was not any statistical significant relationship between duration of breast feeding and mother and her husband’s education, mother's occupation, mother's age, type of delivery, and child gender. Conclusion: Considering the relationship between short duration of breast feeding and maternal obesity, health education should be made for balancing mother's weight and contribute to the health of mothers and their children. Further research is recommended to confirm the results.

Background & Objective: Breast feeding is the only food created exclusively for human, and its ingredients are according to the needs of the infant's body and it provides the most appropriate growth conditions. Mother's BMI is one of the most important factors in duration of lactation. Few studies have yielded conflicting results in this field. The present inquiry set to determine the relation between maternal BMI before pregnancy and duration of breast feeding. Material & Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The samples consisted of 243 mothers who had 2-4 years old children and were visited in Shiraz urban health centers for their growth monitoring. Stratified sampling method was applied, and the data were collected through questionnaires on their medical records. Results: There was a statistical significant relationship between BMI and breast feeding duration. There was not any statistical significant relationship between duration of breast feeding and mother and her husband's education, mother's occupation, mother's age, type of delivery, and child gender. Conclusion: Considering the relationship between short duration of breast feeding and maternal obesity, health education should be made for balancing mother's weight and contribute to the health of mothers and their children. Further research is recommended to confirm the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A balanced and proper diet is an essential factor in maintaining individual’s health. The improvement of feeding in different age groups, especially children, is considered a significant step in primary health care. Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive and analytic study. A sample of 225 mothers whose babies were between 0-24 months and who were referred to selected centers were chosen, using random sampling. The tool was a questionnaire. To analyze the data, the descriptive statistical, frequency distribution charts, the mean and central tendency as well as inferential statistics (2 test and Pearson correlation) were applied. Results: The findings of the research showed that there is a meaningful relation between variables of age, occupation, the method of the last delivery, inclination of mother to the breast feeding, age of fetus at the time of birth, hospitalization of the neonate, the time of first breast feeding after the childbirth, the quality of baby’s nutrition while he is hospitalized, the quality of the baby’s first nutrition, the time of starting aid-feeding, using the aid-milk and using the pacifier by the baby with the duration of breast feeding. Such a relationship was also found between husband’s idea about the breast feeding, examination of the breast during the pregnancy, teaching the advantages of the breast feeding and its correct method during the pregnancy, the place of the last childbirth, teaching the importance and the correct method of breast feeding after the childbirth, an encouraging and supporting husband concerning breast feeding, presence of the mother and the baby in a same-room after the childbirth, manner of arranging the intervals and times of the breast feeding, breast feeding during the night, renewed pregnancy and the duration of breast feeding in each session with the duration of breast feeding. Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, different factors affect duration of the breast feeding. Necessity of the midwife’s attempt to instruct mothers during pregnancy and after childbirth was affirmed. The necessity of instruction of the medical groups about breast feeding is also made clear more than before.

Introduction: A balanced and proper diet is an essential factor in maintaining individual’s health. The improvement of feeding in different age groups, especially children, is considered a significant step in primary health care. Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive and analytic study. A sample of 225 mothers whose babies were between 0-24 months and who were referred to selected centers were chosen, using random sampling. The tool was a questionnaire. To analyze the data, the descriptive statistical, frequency distribution charts, the mean and central tendency as well as inferential statistics (2 test and Pearson correlation) were applied. Results: The findings of the research showed that there is a meaningful relation between variables of age, occupation, the method of the last delivery, inclination of mother to the breast feeding, age of fetus at the time of birth, hospitalization of the neonate, the time of first breast feeding after the childbirth, the quality of baby’s nutrition while he is hospitalized, the quality of the baby’s first nutrition, the time of starting aid-feeding, using the aid-milk and using the pacifier by the baby with the duration of breast feeding. Such a relationship was also found between husband’s idea about the breast feeding, examination of the breast during the pregnancy, teaching the advantages of the breast feeding and its correct method during the pregnancy, the place of the last childbirth, teaching the importance and the correct method of breast feeding after the childbirth, an encouraging and supporting husband concerning breast feeding, presence of the mother and the baby in a same-room after the childbirth, manner of arranging the intervals and times of the breast feeding, breast feeding during the night, renewed pregnancy and the duration of breast feeding in each session with the duration of breast feeding. Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, different factors affect duration of the breast feeding. Necessity of the midwife’s attempt to instruct mothers during pregnancy and after childbirth was affirmed. The necessity of instruction of the medical groups about breast feeding is also made clear more than before.

To assess the knowledge and practices of mothers about breastfeeding Practices Cross-sectional study was carried out for a period of one month. A total of 162 postnatal mothers admitted in postnatal ward of OBG dept in Shri.B M. Patil medical college constitute the sample size. The data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 16th version. The study shows that 21(12.9%) of the babies were feed with prelacteal feeds like honey and sugar water. The significant association was found between prelacteal feeds versus education and socio-economic status. The study concludes that the health care staff of postnatal ward must utilize the opportunity to persuade mothers for timely initiation of breastfeeding practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: to assess the ability of a Breast-Feeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES) score measured at 1 week postpartum to predict the duration of breast-feeding in first-time mothers, and to develop a minimal set of potential confounders, including the BSES and demographic variables, for comparing the apparent effect of other influences on the duration of breast-feeding. Design: a prospective cohort study, with primary outcome the duration of breast feeding up to 6 months postpartum. Participants: 317 women who had given birth to their first baby (at term) in a large teaching maternity hospital in Adelaide, South Australia, during the period March to November, 2003. Findings: the BSES at 1 week postpartum was a strong predictor of the duration of breast-feeding in these first-time mothers. Its ability to predict the duration of breast-feeding was largely independent of the other factors (intended duration of breast-feeding, mother''s level of education, country of birth, housing situation, smoking status and method of delivery), which were also found to be significant predictors of breast-feeding duration. Implications for practice: the BSES (including a new short form version) has been confirmed by our study as an important instrument for identifying women at risk of early cessation of breast-feeding. Together with other demographic variables, it should be useful for targeting limited resources to those most in need. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Quantitative and qualitative examination of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) residues in blood of the women occupationally exposed to PCBs and of their children has been carried out. The children examined in this study have ingested their mothers' milk for periods of 0 to 3 years. The age of the children at the time of this study ranges from 0 to 13 years. The data obtained in this examination provide evidence that PCBs are retained in the children's body for many years and a longer feeding of mothers' milk tends to increase PCB levels in the blood of the children. Especially high PCB levels, 93.2 ppb ( μg/kg) and 77.4 ppb are found in the blood of two children. It is found that the gas chromatographic patterns of blood PCBs of the children who have been fed on their mothers' milk for a long time, are different from those of their mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]