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10. Father absence at delivery at Pelonomi Tertiary Hospital in Bloemfontein: Reasons and associated demographic characteristics.

Author

van Rooyen, J. J., de Jager, L., du Plessis, S., Goldberg, J., Salvage, J., Sipika, S., and Joubert, G.

Subjects
DEMOGRAPHIC characteristics, BIRTHFATHERS, FATHERS, DELIVERY (Obstetrics), MOTHERS
Abstract

Background. The presence of fathers during the birth of their babies has been recognised as beneficial for both the mother and the baby. Objective. To investigate the reasons and demographic factors associated with father absence at delivery. Methods. We conducted a quantitative, cross-sectional study. Anonymous questionnaires were completed by mothers admitted to the postnatal ward at Pelonomi Tertiary Hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa, after a live birth. Mothers answered questions regarding mother and father characteristics (age, employment, residence), whether the father was present or absent at delivery and the reasons for his absence. Results. The highest percentage (30.7%) of the 137 participating mothers was in the age range 20 - 25 years. More than half (56.2%) resided in Bloemfontein/Mangaung, and 70.6% were unemployed. Most mothers (68.4%) were multiparous. In total, 81.0% of fathers were absent at delivery, although 50.0% had planned to be at the delivery. The main reason for their absence was employment (52.7%), which can be substantiated by the fact that most fathers (80.3%) were employed. For more than half (58.1%) of the deliveries, neither the father nor any other person (family member or friend) was present at the delivery. There was no association between maternal or paternal demographics and father absence at delivery. Conclusion. Father absence was common. Community-based programmes must encourage father involvement in all spheres of their children's lives and create awareness of the impact that their presence during birth can have. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Brain ageing in schizophrenia: evidence from 26 international cohorts via the ENIGMA Schizophrenia consortium

Author

Constantinides, C, Han, LKM, Alloza, C, Antonucci, LA, Arango, C, Ayesa-Arriola, R, Banaj, N, Bertolino, A, Borgwardt, S, Bruggemann, J, Bustillo, J, Bykhovski, O, Calhoun, V, Carr, V, Catts, S, Chung, Y-C, Crespo-Facorro, B, Diaz-Caneja, CM, Donohoe, G, Du Plessis, S, Edmond, J, Ehrlich, S, Emsley, R, Eyler, LT, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Georgiadis, F, Green, M, Guerrero-Pedraza, A, Ha, M, Hahn, T, Henskens, FA, Holleran, L, Homan, S, Homan, P, Jahanshad, N, Janssen, J, Ji, E, Kaiser, S, Kaleda, V, Kim, M, Kim, W-S, Kirschner, M, Kochunov, P, Kwak, YB, Kwon, JS, Lebedeva, I, Liu, J, Mitchie, P, Michielse, S, Mothersill, D, Mowry, B, de la Foz, VO-G, Pantelis, C, Pergola, G, Piras, F, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Preda, A, Quide, Y, Rasser, PE, Rootes-Murdy, K, Salvador, R, Sangiuliano, M, Sarro, S, Schall, U, Schmidt, A, Scott, RJ, Selvaggi, P, Sim, K, Skoch, A, Spalletta, G, Spaniel, F, Thomopoulos, S, Tomecek, D, Tomyshev, AS, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, van Amelsvoort, T, Vazquez-Bourgon, J, Vecchio, D, Voineskos, A, Weickert, CS, Weickert, T, Thompson, PM, Schmaal, L, van Erp, TGM, Turner, J, Cole, JH, Dima, D, Walton, E, Constantinides, C, Han, LKM, Alloza, C, Antonucci, LA, Arango, C, Ayesa-Arriola, R, Banaj, N, Bertolino, A, Borgwardt, S, Bruggemann, J, Bustillo, J, Bykhovski, O, Calhoun, V, Carr, V, Catts, S, Chung, Y-C, Crespo-Facorro, B, Diaz-Caneja, CM, Donohoe, G, Du Plessis, S, Edmond, J, Ehrlich, S, Emsley, R, Eyler, LT, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Georgiadis, F, Green, M, Guerrero-Pedraza, A, Ha, M, Hahn, T, Henskens, FA, Holleran, L, Homan, S, Homan, P, Jahanshad, N, Janssen, J, Ji, E, Kaiser, S, Kaleda, V, Kim, M, Kim, W-S, Kirschner, M, Kochunov, P, Kwak, YB, Kwon, JS, Lebedeva, I, Liu, J, Mitchie, P, Michielse, S, Mothersill, D, Mowry, B, de la Foz, VO-G, Pantelis, C, Pergola, G, Piras, F, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Preda, A, Quide, Y, Rasser, PE, Rootes-Murdy, K, Salvador, R, Sangiuliano, M, Sarro, S, Schall, U, Schmidt, A, Scott, RJ, Selvaggi, P, Sim, K, Skoch, A, Spalletta, G, Spaniel, F, Thomopoulos, S, Tomecek, D, Tomyshev, AS, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, van Amelsvoort, T, Vazquez-Bourgon, J, Vecchio, D, Voineskos, A, Weickert, CS, Weickert, T, Thompson, PM, Schmaal, L, van Erp, TGM, Turner, J, Cole, JH, Dima, D, and Walton, E

Abstract

Schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with an increased risk of life-long cognitive impairments, age-related chronic disease, and premature mortality. We investigated evidence for advanced brain ageing in adult SZ patients, and whether this was associated with clinical characteristics in a prospective meta-analytic study conducted by the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. The study included data from 26 cohorts worldwide, with a total of 2803 SZ patients (mean age 34.2 years; range 18-72 years; 67% male) and 2598 healthy controls (mean age 33.8 years, range 18-73 years, 55% male). Brain-predicted age was individually estimated using a model trained on independent data based on 68 measures of cortical thickness and surface area, 7 subcortical volumes, lateral ventricular volumes and total intracranial volume, all derived from T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Deviations from a healthy brain ageing trajectory were assessed by the difference between brain-predicted age and chronological age (brain-predicted age difference [brain-PAD]). On average, SZ patients showed a higher brain-PAD of +3.55 years (95% CI: 2.91, 4.19; I2 = 57.53%) compared to controls, after adjusting for age, sex and site (Cohen's d = 0.48). Among SZ patients, brain-PAD was not associated with specific clinical characteristics (age of onset, duration of illness, symptom severity, or antipsychotic use and dose). This large-scale collaborative study suggests advanced structural brain ageing in SZ. Longitudinal studies of SZ and a range of mental and somatic health outcomes will help to further evaluate the clinical implications of increased brain-PAD and its ability to be influenced by interventions.

Published
2023

17. Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium.

Author

Schijven, D, Postema, MC, Fukunaga, M, Matsumoto, J, Miura, K, de Zwarte, SMC, van Haren, NEM, Cahn, W, Hulshoff Pol, HE, Kahn, RS, Ayesa-Arriola, R, Ortiz-García de la Foz, V, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, Vázquez-Bourgon, J, Crespo-Facorro, B, Alnæs, D, Dahl, A, Westlye, LT, Agartz, I, Andreassen, OA, Jönsson, EG, Kochunov, P, Bruggemann, JM, Catts, SV, Michie, PT, Mowry, BJ, Quidé, Y, Rasser, PE, Schall, U, Scott, RJ, Carr, VJ, Green, MJ, Henskens, FA, Loughland, CM, Pantelis, C, Weickert, CS, Weickert, TW, de Haan, L, Brosch, K, Pfarr, J-K, Ringwald, KG, Stein, F, Jansen, A, Kircher, TTJ, Nenadić, I, Krämer, B, Gruber, O, Satterthwaite, TD, Bustillo, J, Mathalon, DH, Preda, A, Calhoun, VD, Ford, JM, Potkin, SG, Chen, J, Tan, Y, Wang, Z, Xiang, H, Fan, F, Bernardoni, F, Ehrlich, S, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Garcia-Leon, MA, Guerrero-Pedraza, A, Salvador, R, Sarró, S, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Ciullo, V, Piras, F, Vecchio, D, Banaj, N, Spalletta, G, Michielse, S, van Amelsvoort, T, Dickie, EW, Voineskos, AN, Sim, K, Ciufolini, S, Dazzan, P, Murray, RM, Kim, W-S, Chung, Y-C, Andreou, C, Schmidt, A, Borgwardt, S, McIntosh, AM, Whalley, HC, Lawrie, SM, du Plessis, S, Luckhoff, HK, Scheffler, F, Emsley, R, Grotegerd, D, Lencer, R, Dannlowski, U, Edmond, JT, Rootes-Murdy, K, Stephen, JM, Mayer, AR, Antonucci, LA, Fazio, L, Pergola, G, Bertolino, A, Díaz-Caneja, CM, Janssen, J, Lois, NG, Arango, C, Tomyshev, AS, Lebedeva, I, Cervenka, S, Sellgren, CM, Georgiadis, F, Kirschner, M, Kaiser, S, Hajek, T, Skoch, A, Spaniel, F, Kim, M, Kwak, YB, Oh, S, Kwon, JS, James, A, Bakker, G, Knöchel, C, Stäblein, M, Oertel, V, Uhlmann, A, Howells, FM, Stein, DJ, Temmingh, HS, Diaz-Zuluaga, AM, Pineda-Zapata, JA, López-Jaramillo, C, Homan, S, Ji, E, Surbeck, W, Homan, P, Fisher, SE, Franke, B, Glahn, DC, Gur, RC, Hashimoto, R, Jahanshad, N, Luders, E, Medland, SE, Thompson, PM, Turner, JA, van Erp, TGM, Francks, C, Schijven, D, Postema, MC, Fukunaga, M, Matsumoto, J, Miura, K, de Zwarte, SMC, van Haren, NEM, Cahn, W, Hulshoff Pol, HE, Kahn, RS, Ayesa-Arriola, R, Ortiz-García de la Foz, V, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, Vázquez-Bourgon, J, Crespo-Facorro, B, Alnæs, D, Dahl, A, Westlye, LT, Agartz, I, Andreassen, OA, Jönsson, EG, Kochunov, P, Bruggemann, JM, Catts, SV, Michie, PT, Mowry, BJ, Quidé, Y, Rasser, PE, Schall, U, Scott, RJ, Carr, VJ, Green, MJ, Henskens, FA, Loughland, CM, Pantelis, C, Weickert, CS, Weickert, TW, de Haan, L, Brosch, K, Pfarr, J-K, Ringwald, KG, Stein, F, Jansen, A, Kircher, TTJ, Nenadić, I, Krämer, B, Gruber, O, Satterthwaite, TD, Bustillo, J, Mathalon, DH, Preda, A, Calhoun, VD, Ford, JM, Potkin, SG, Chen, J, Tan, Y, Wang, Z, Xiang, H, Fan, F, Bernardoni, F, Ehrlich, S, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Garcia-Leon, MA, Guerrero-Pedraza, A, Salvador, R, Sarró, S, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Ciullo, V, Piras, F, Vecchio, D, Banaj, N, Spalletta, G, Michielse, S, van Amelsvoort, T, Dickie, EW, Voineskos, AN, Sim, K, Ciufolini, S, Dazzan, P, Murray, RM, Kim, W-S, Chung, Y-C, Andreou, C, Schmidt, A, Borgwardt, S, McIntosh, AM, Whalley, HC, Lawrie, SM, du Plessis, S, Luckhoff, HK, Scheffler, F, Emsley, R, Grotegerd, D, Lencer, R, Dannlowski, U, Edmond, JT, Rootes-Murdy, K, Stephen, JM, Mayer, AR, Antonucci, LA, Fazio, L, Pergola, G, Bertolino, A, Díaz-Caneja, CM, Janssen, J, Lois, NG, Arango, C, Tomyshev, AS, Lebedeva, I, Cervenka, S, Sellgren, CM, Georgiadis, F, Kirschner, M, Kaiser, S, Hajek, T, Skoch, A, Spaniel, F, Kim, M, Kwak, YB, Oh, S, Kwon, JS, James, A, Bakker, G, Knöchel, C, Stäblein, M, Oertel, V, Uhlmann, A, Howells, FM, Stein, DJ, Temmingh, HS, Diaz-Zuluaga, AM, Pineda-Zapata, JA, López-Jaramillo, C, Homan, S, Ji, E, Surbeck, W, Homan, P, Fisher, SE, Franke, B, Glahn, DC, Gur, RC, Hashimoto, R, Jahanshad, N, Luders, E, Medland, SE, Thompson, PM, Turner, JA, van Erp, TGM, and Francks, C

Abstract

Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macrostructural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.

Published
2023

21. Re-Engineering the Curriculum at a Rural Institution: Reflection on the Process of Development

Author

Naude, A., Wium, A. M., and du Plessis, S.

Abstract

The Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology at the University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus) redesigned their curriculum at the beginning of 2010. The template that was developed shows the horizontal and vertical integration of outcomes. Although the outcomes of the entire process met the requirements of the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) and the level descriptors of the National Qualifications Framework (NQF) (2007), the development process did not go without difficulties. This article describes the process of re-engineering the curriculum and critically reflects on the problems encountered. Results obtained from questionnaires reflected the opinions of the staff members with regard to problems experienced, but also the gains made in terms of personal growth, as well as the benefits for teaching and learning. The experiences gained from re engineering the curriculum enabled the authors to make recommendations to overcome challenges when attempting the process of curriculum development in future. (Contains 1 table and 4 figures.)

Published
2011

22. Protocol for developing a core outcome set for male infertility research: an international consensus development study.

Author

Rimmer, MP, Howie, RA, Anderson, RA, Barratt, CLR, Barnhart, KT, Beebeejaun, Y, Bertolla, RP, Bhattacharya, S, Björndahl, L, Bortoletto, P, Brannigan, RE, Cantineau, AEP, Caroppo, E, Collura, BL, Coward, K, Eisenberg, ML, De Geyter, C, Goulis, DG, Henkel, RR, Ho, VNA, Hussein, AF, Huyser, C, Kadijk, JH, Kamath, MS, Khashaba, S, Kobori, Y, Kopeika, J, Kucuk, T, Luján, S, Matsaseng, TC, Mathur, RS, McEleny, K, Mitchell, RT, Mol, BW, Murage, AM, Ng, EHY, Pacey, A, Perheentupa, AH, Du Plessis, S, Rives, N, Sarris, I, Schlegel, PN, Shabbir, M, Śmiechowski, M, Subramanian, V, Sunkara, SK, Tarlarzis, BC, Tüttelmann, F, Vail, A, van Wely, M, Vazquez-Levin, MH, Vuong, LN, Wang, AY, Wang, R, Zini, A, Farquhar, CM, Niederberger, C, Duffy, JMN, Rimmer, MP, Howie, RA, Anderson, RA, Barratt, CLR, Barnhart, KT, Beebeejaun, Y, Bertolla, RP, Bhattacharya, S, Björndahl, L, Bortoletto, P, Brannigan, RE, Cantineau, AEP, Caroppo, E, Collura, BL, Coward, K, Eisenberg, ML, De Geyter, C, Goulis, DG, Henkel, RR, Ho, VNA, Hussein, AF, Huyser, C, Kadijk, JH, Kamath, MS, Khashaba, S, Kobori, Y, Kopeika, J, Kucuk, T, Luján, S, Matsaseng, TC, Mathur, RS, McEleny, K, Mitchell, RT, Mol, BW, Murage, AM, Ng, EHY, Pacey, A, Perheentupa, AH, Du Plessis, S, Rives, N, Sarris, I, Schlegel, PN, Shabbir, M, Śmiechowski, M, Subramanian, V, Sunkara, SK, Tarlarzis, BC, Tüttelmann, F, Vail, A, van Wely, M, Vazquez-Levin, MH, Vuong, LN, Wang, AY, Wang, R, Zini, A, Farquhar, CM, Niederberger, C, and Duffy, JMN

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION: We aim to develop, disseminate and implement a minimum data set, known as a core outcome set, for future male infertility research. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Research into male infertility can be challenging to design, conduct and report. Evidence from randomized trials can be difficult to interpret and of limited ability to inform clinical practice for numerous reasons. These may include complex issues, such as variation in outcome measures and outcome reporting bias, as well as failure to consider the perspectives of men and their partners with lived experience of fertility problems. Previously, the Core Outcome Measure for Infertility Trials (COMMIT) initiative, an international consortium of researchers, healthcare professionals and people with fertility problems, has developed a core outcome set for general infertility research. Now, a bespoke core outcome set for male infertility is required to address the unique challenges pertinent to male infertility research. STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION: Stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, allied healthcare professionals, scientists, researchers and people with fertility problems, will be invited to participate. Formal consensus science methods will be used, including the modified Delphi method, modified Nominal Group Technique and the National Institutes of Health's consensus development conference. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING METHODS: An international steering group, including the relevant stakeholders outlined above, has been established to guide the development of this core outcome set. Possible core outcomes will be identified by undertaking a systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating potential treatments for male factor infertility. These outcomes will be entered into a modified Delphi method. Repeated reflection and re-scoring should promote convergence towards consensus outcomes, which will be prioritized during a consensus development meeting to identify a final core

Published
2022

26. Adaptive plasticity in development rate and genetic variance in survival increase the potential for adapting to novel environments

Author

James W. Clark, du Plessis S, Majorana Mg, Pepe G, Delia Terranova, Greg M. Walter, Simon J. Hiscock, Antonia Cristaudo, Salvatore Cozzolino, Bridle, and la Spina E

Subjects
Ecological resilience, education.field_of_study, Range (biology), Ecology, Sire, Population, Maternal effect, Quantitative genetics, Biology, Senecio, biology.organism_classification, education, Selection (genetic algorithm)
Abstract

Maternal effects can maintain fitness across environmental conditions regularly experienced by a population. However, the consequences of maternal effects for ecological resilience in novel environments remain poorly understood. We produced seeds by breeding field-collected individuals of two closely related, but ecologically distinct, species of Sicilian daisy (Senecio, Asteraceae) in a quantitative genetics design. Using siblings of the same families, we quantified seedling root morphology in the laboratory, and planted seeds at four elevations that included the native elevation of each species. Seedling survival of both species was high at their native elevations, but declined at the novel elevation furthest from their native range, demonstrating adaptive divergence. Seedling development rate changed with elevation similarly for both species, and aligned with selection for faster development at lower elevation and slower development at higher elevation. Selection on paternal (sire) variance in development rate was consistent across elevation, and opposed phenotypic selection in the novel elevations. By contrast, selection on maternal variance in development rate changed with elevation and aligned with the direction of selection at both the native and novel elevations, suggesting that maternal effects underlying plasticity in development rate can increase fitness in novel environments. Selection on root morphology was only strong for the high elevation species, and occurred in the direction of the native phenotype for maternal variance, but not for sire variance. Together, these results suggest that maternal variation in development time plasticity and root architecture can increase ecological resilience in novel habitats, despite theory suggesting that they may reduce fitness in such situations.

Published
2021

30. Increased power by harmonizing structural MRI site differences with the ComBat batch adjustment method in ENIGMA

Author

Radua, J, Vieta, E, Shinohara, R, Kochunov, P, Quidé, Y, Green, MJ, Weickert, CS, Weickert, T, Bruggemann, J, Kircher, T, Nenadić, I, Cairns, MJ, Seal, M, Schall, U, Henskens, F, Fullerton, JM, Mowry, B, Pantelis, C, Lenroot, R, Cropley, V, Loughland, C, Scott, R, Wolf, D, Satterthwaite, TD, Tan, Y, Sim, K, Piras, F, Spalletta, G, Banaj, N, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Solanes, A, Albajes-Eizagirre, A, Canales-Rodríguez, EJ, Sarro, S, Di Giorgio, A, Bertolino, A, Stäblein, M, Oertel, V, Knöchel, C, Borgwardt, S, du Plessis, S, Yun, JY, Kwon, JS, Dannlowski, U, Hahn, T, Grotegerd, D, Alloza, C, Arango, C, Janssen, J, Díaz-Caneja, C, Jiang, W, Calhoun, V, Ehrlich, S, Yang, K, Cascella, NG, Takayanagi, Y, Sawa, A, Tomyshev, A, Lebedeva, I, Kaleda, V, Kirschner, M, Hoschl, C, Tomecek, D, Skoch, A, van Amelsvoort, T, Bakker, G, James, A, Preda, A, Weideman, A, Stein, DJ, Howells, F, Uhlmann, A, Temmingh, H, López-Jaramillo, C, Díaz-Zuluaga, A, Fortea, L, Martinez-Heras, E, Solana, E, Llufriu, S, Jahanshad, N, Thompson, P, Turner, J, van Erp, T, Glahn, D, Pearlson, G, Hong, E, Krug, A, Carr, V, Tooney, P, Cooper, G, Rasser, P, Michie, P, Catts, S, Gur, R, Yang, F, Fan, F, Chen, J, Guo, H, Tan, S, Radua, J, Vieta, E, Shinohara, R, Kochunov, P, Quidé, Y, Green, MJ, Weickert, CS, Weickert, T, Bruggemann, J, Kircher, T, Nenadić, I, Cairns, MJ, Seal, M, Schall, U, Henskens, F, Fullerton, JM, Mowry, B, Pantelis, C, Lenroot, R, Cropley, V, Loughland, C, Scott, R, Wolf, D, Satterthwaite, TD, Tan, Y, Sim, K, Piras, F, Spalletta, G, Banaj, N, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Solanes, A, Albajes-Eizagirre, A, Canales-Rodríguez, EJ, Sarro, S, Di Giorgio, A, Bertolino, A, Stäblein, M, Oertel, V, Knöchel, C, Borgwardt, S, du Plessis, S, Yun, JY, Kwon, JS, Dannlowski, U, Hahn, T, Grotegerd, D, Alloza, C, Arango, C, Janssen, J, Díaz-Caneja, C, Jiang, W, Calhoun, V, Ehrlich, S, Yang, K, Cascella, NG, Takayanagi, Y, Sawa, A, Tomyshev, A, Lebedeva, I, Kaleda, V, Kirschner, M, Hoschl, C, Tomecek, D, Skoch, A, van Amelsvoort, T, Bakker, G, James, A, Preda, A, Weideman, A, Stein, DJ, Howells, F, Uhlmann, A, Temmingh, H, López-Jaramillo, C, Díaz-Zuluaga, A, Fortea, L, Martinez-Heras, E, Solana, E, Llufriu, S, Jahanshad, N, Thompson, P, Turner, J, van Erp, T, Glahn, D, Pearlson, G, Hong, E, Krug, A, Carr, V, Tooney, P, Cooper, G, Rasser, P, Michie, P, Catts, S, Gur, R, Yang, F, Fan, F, Chen, J, Guo, H, and Tan, S

Abstract

A common limitation of neuroimaging studies is their small sample sizes. To overcome this hurdle, the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium combines neuroimaging data from many institutions worldwide. However, this introduces heterogeneity due to different scanning devices and sequences. ENIGMA projects commonly address this heterogeneity with random-effects meta-analysis or mixed-effects mega-analysis. Here we tested whether the batch adjustment method, ComBat, can further reduce site-related heterogeneity and thus increase statistical power. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses, mixed-effects mega-analyses and ComBat mega-analyses to compare cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volumes between 2897 individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 3141 healthy controls from 33 sites. Specifically, we compared the imaging data between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls, covarying for age and sex. The use of ComBat substantially increased the statistical significance of the findings as compared to random-effects meta-analyses. The findings were more similar when comparing ComBat with mixed-effects mega-analysis, although ComBat still slightly increased the statistical significance. ComBat also showed increased statistical power when we repeated the analyses with fewer sites. Results were nearly identical when we applied the ComBat harmonization separately for cortical thickness, cortical surface area and subcortical volumes. Therefore, we recommend applying the ComBat function to attenuate potential effects of site in ENIGMA projects and other multi-site structural imaging work. We provide easy-to-use functions in R that work even if imaging data are partially missing in some brain regions, and they can be trained with one data set and then applied to another (a requirement for some analyses such as machine learning).

Published
2020

31. Increased power by harmonizing structural MRI site differences with the ComBat batch method in ENIGMA

Author

Radua, J, Vieta, E, Shinohara, R, Kochunov, P, Quide, Y, Green, MJ, Weickert, CS, Weickert, T, Bruggemann, J, Kircher, T, Nenadic, I, Cairns, MJ, Seal, M, Schall, U, Henskens, F, Fullerton, JM, Mowry, B, Pantelis, C, Lenroot, R, Cropley, V, Loughland, C, Scott, R, Wolf, D, Satterthwaite, TD, Tan, Y, Sim, K, Piras, F, Spalletta, G, Banaj, N, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Solanes, A, Albajes-Eizagirre, A, Canales-Rodriguez, EJ, Sarro, S, Di Giorgio, A, Bertolino, A, Staeblein, M, Oertel, V, Knoechel, C, Borgwardt, S, du Plessis, S, Yun, J-Y, Kwon, JS, Dannlowski, U, Hahn, T, Grotegerd, D, Alloza, C, Arango, C, Janssen, J, Diaz-Caneja, C, Jiang, W, Calhoun, V, Ehrlich, S, Yang, K, Cascella, NG, Takayanagi, Y, Sawa, A, Tomyshev, A, Lebedeva, I, Kaleda, V, Kirschner, M, Hoschl, C, Tomecek, D, Skoch, A, van Amelsvoort, T, Bakker, G, James, A, Preda, A, Weideman, A, Stein, DJ, Howells, F, Uhlmann, A, Temmingh, H, Lopez-Jaramillo, C, Diaz-Zuluaga, A, Fortea, L, Martinez-Heras, E, Solana, E, Llufriu, S, Jahanshad, N, Thompson, P, Turner, J, van Erp, T, Radua, J, Vieta, E, Shinohara, R, Kochunov, P, Quide, Y, Green, MJ, Weickert, CS, Weickert, T, Bruggemann, J, Kircher, T, Nenadic, I, Cairns, MJ, Seal, M, Schall, U, Henskens, F, Fullerton, JM, Mowry, B, Pantelis, C, Lenroot, R, Cropley, V, Loughland, C, Scott, R, Wolf, D, Satterthwaite, TD, Tan, Y, Sim, K, Piras, F, Spalletta, G, Banaj, N, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Solanes, A, Albajes-Eizagirre, A, Canales-Rodriguez, EJ, Sarro, S, Di Giorgio, A, Bertolino, A, Staeblein, M, Oertel, V, Knoechel, C, Borgwardt, S, du Plessis, S, Yun, J-Y, Kwon, JS, Dannlowski, U, Hahn, T, Grotegerd, D, Alloza, C, Arango, C, Janssen, J, Diaz-Caneja, C, Jiang, W, Calhoun, V, Ehrlich, S, Yang, K, Cascella, NG, Takayanagi, Y, Sawa, A, Tomyshev, A, Lebedeva, I, Kaleda, V, Kirschner, M, Hoschl, C, Tomecek, D, Skoch, A, van Amelsvoort, T, Bakker, G, James, A, Preda, A, Weideman, A, Stein, DJ, Howells, F, Uhlmann, A, Temmingh, H, Lopez-Jaramillo, C, Diaz-Zuluaga, A, Fortea, L, Martinez-Heras, E, Solana, E, Llufriu, S, Jahanshad, N, Thompson, P, Turner, J, and van Erp, T

Abstract

A common limitation of neuroimaging studies is their small sample sizes. To overcome this hurdle, the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium combines neuroimaging data from many institutions worldwide. However, this introduces heterogeneity due to different scanning devices and sequences. ENIGMA projects commonly address this heterogeneity with random-effects meta-analysis or mixed-effects mega-analysis. Here we tested whether the batch adjustment method, ComBat, can further reduce site-related heterogeneity and thus increase statistical power. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses, mixed-effects mega-analyses and ComBat mega-analyses to compare cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volumes between 2897 individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 3141 healthy controls from 33 sites. Specifically, we compared the imaging data between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls, covarying for age and sex. The use of ComBat substantially increased the statistical significance of the findings as compared to random-effects meta-analyses. The findings were more similar when comparing ComBat with mixed-effects mega-analysis, although ComBat still slightly increased the statistical significance. ComBat also showed increased statistical power when we repeated the analyses with fewer sites. Results were nearly identical when we applied the ComBat harmonization separately for cortical thickness, cortical surface area and subcortical volumes. Therefore, we recommend applying the ComBat function to attenuate potential effects of site in ENIGMA projects and other multi-site structural imaging work. We provide easy-to-use functions in R that work even if imaging data are partially missing in some brain regions, and they can be trained with one data set and then applied to another (a requirement for some analyses such as machine learning).

Published
2020

32. The 2019 Schizophrenia International Research Society Conference, 10-14 April, Orlando, Florida: A summary of topics and trends

Author

Alameda, L, Ashok, A, Avery, S, Bani-Fatemi, A, Berkhout, S, Best, M, Bonfils, K, Colizzi, M, Dauvermann, M, Du Plessis, S, Dwyer, D, Eisner, E, Ganesh, S, Hernaus, D, Ithal, D, Kowalchuk, C, Kristensen, T, Lavigne, K, Lee, E, Lemmers-Jansen, I, O'Donoghue, B, Oliver, L, Oluwoye, O, Park, MT, Di Carlo, P, Giroud Joaquim, HP, Pinheiro, A, Ramsay, I, Rodriguez, V, Sami, M, Soni, S, Sonnenschein, S, Taylor, J, Thomas, M, Waterreus, A, Wojtalik, J, Yang, Z, Emsley, R, Kilian, S, Alameda, L, Ashok, A, Avery, S, Bani-Fatemi, A, Berkhout, S, Best, M, Bonfils, K, Colizzi, M, Dauvermann, M, Du Plessis, S, Dwyer, D, Eisner, E, Ganesh, S, Hernaus, D, Ithal, D, Kowalchuk, C, Kristensen, T, Lavigne, K, Lee, E, Lemmers-Jansen, I, O'Donoghue, B, Oliver, L, Oluwoye, O, Park, MT, Di Carlo, P, Giroud Joaquim, HP, Pinheiro, A, Ramsay, I, Rodriguez, V, Sami, M, Soni, S, Sonnenschein, S, Taylor, J, Thomas, M, Waterreus, A, Wojtalik, J, Yang, Z, Emsley, R, and Kilian, S

Abstract

The Schizophrenia International Research Society (SIRS) recently held its first North American congress, which took place in Orlando, Florida from 10-14 April 2019. The overall theme of this year's congress was United in Progress - with the aim of cultivating a collaborative effort towards advancing the field of schizophrenia research. Student travel awardees provided reports of the oral sessions and concurrent symposia that took place during the congress. A collection of these reports is summarized and presented below and highlights the main themes and topics that emerged during the congress. In summary, the congress covered a broad range of topics relevant to the field of psychiatry today.

Published
2020

45. Review of functional MRI in HIV: effects of aging and medication

Author

Circulatory Health, Infection & Immunity, MS Interne Geneeskunde, MS Infectieziekten, Onderzoek, Brain, Hakkers, C. S., Arends, J. E., Barth, R. E., du Plessis, S., Hoepelman, A. I M, Vink, M., Circulatory Health, Infection & Immunity, MS Interne Geneeskunde, MS Infectieziekten, Onderzoek, Brain, Hakkers, C. S., Arends, J. E., Barth, R. E., du Plessis, S., Hoepelman, A. I M, and Vink, M.

Published
2017

48. S100. EFFECTS OF CANNABIS USE ON BODY MASS, FASTING GLUCOSE AND LIPIDS DURING THE FIRST 12 MONTHS OF TREATMENT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS

Author

Sanja Kilian, Robin M. Murray, Martin Kidd, Soraya Seedat, Lebogang Phahladira, Bonginkosi Chiliza, du Plessis S, Frederika Scheffler, Laila Asmal, Marta Di Forti, and Robin Emsley

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Physiology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, Abstracts, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Antipsychotic, education, Effects of cannabis, education.field_of_study, Poster Session III, biology, business.industry, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Psychiatry and Mental health, 030104 developmental biology, Schizophrenia, Cannabis, Metabolic syndrome, medicine.symptom, business, Body mass index, Weight gain
Abstract

Background Acute cannabis use stimulates appetite, while general population studies suggest that chronic use is associated with reduced risk of obesity and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods In this study, we investigated changes in body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose and lipids, and rates of metabolic syndrome risk factors in cannabis users vs. non-users in 109 minimally treated patients with first-episode schizophrenia, schizophreniform or schizo-affective disorder who were treated according to a standardized treatment regime with depot antipsychotic medication over 12 months. Participants underwent repeated urine toxicology tests for cannabis and those testing positive at any time during the study (n=40), were compared with those who tested negative at all time points (n=69). Results There was a significant group*time interaction effect (p=0.002) with the cannabis negative group showing a greater increase in BMI than the cannabis positive group, after adjusting for age, sex, methamphetamine use and modal dose of antipsychotic. There were no group*time interaction effects for fasting blood glucose or lipids. Post hoc tests indicated significant increases in fasting blood glucose and triglycerides and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol for the cannabis negative group, with no significant changes in the cannabis positive group. Rates of metabolic syndrome did not differ significantly between groups. However, more cannabis negative patients had elevated waist-circumference at endpoint (p=0.003). Discussion Although other indirect effects such as dietary neglect and smoking may be contributory and could explain our findings, it may be that chronic cannabis use directly suppresses appetite, thereby preventing weight gain in users.

Published
2018

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