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V magistrski nalogi preučujemo povezavo med družino, šolo, vrstniki in tveganimi vedenji ter duševnim zdravjem mladostnikov med Covidom-19. Poleg tega preverjamo tudi njihovo samooceno (duševnega) zdravja in počutja ter njihov odnos do telesa in diet v enakem obdobju. V teoretičnem delu naloge smo opredelili duševno zdravje nasploh, pregledali formalni okvir in se natančneje osredotočili na duševno zdravje mladostnikov. Hkrati smo tudi predstavili značilnosti mladostniškega obdobja in opozorili na težave in izzive, ki jih prinaša odraščanje. V nadaljevanju smo natančneje opredelili vpliv družinskega, izobraževalnega in prostočasnega okolja na duševno zdravje mladostnikov ter kako lahko preventivno in kurativno delujemo v teh okoljih. V empiričnem delu naloge smo predstavili rezultate empirične raziskave, v kateri smo iskali odgovore na naslednje vsebinske sklope raziskovalnih vprašanj: 1) duševno zdravje in družina 2) duševno zdravje in šola 3) duševno zdravje in vrstniki 4) tvegana vedenja in 5) samoocena (duševnega) zdravja in počutja ter odnos do telesa in diet. V sklopu duševnega zdravja in družine raziskava kaže, da se večina mladostnikov strinja s tem, da jim družina nudi čustveno pomoč in podporo, ki ju potrebujejo. Dokazali smo, da se večina mladostnikov v družini o pomembnih stvareh pogovarja. Slednji so tudi poročali, da jih težave v manjši meri vznemirijo ali spravijo v stisko. Iz izsledkov raziskave je razvidna pomembnost komunikacije med starši in mladostniki. V sklopu duševnega zdravja in šole smo dokazali, da mladostniki, ki so bolj zaskrbljeni, izražajo tudi bolj negativna čustva do šole oz. jim šola ni všeč. Pokazali smo, da je nervoza najpogostejši simptom, ki se v zadnjih 6 mesecih več kot enkrat tedensko pojavlja pri mladostnikih, ki so zaradi dela za šolo pod pritiskom. Dalje smo dokazali, da mladostniki, ki menijo, da jih sošolci ali učitelji sprejemajo take, kot so, manj poročajo o težavah na področjih: čustva, zbranost, obnašanje. V sklopu duševnega zdravja in vrstnikov smo ugotovili, da je bil pomembno višji odstotek tistih osnovnošolcev, ki se s prijatelji lahko pogovorijo o težavah in v zadnjem tednu niso bili osamljeni. Dokazali smo tudi, da več mladostnikov, ki menijo, da jih imajo vrstniki radi, ne poroča o občutkih depresivnosti. Prav tako je več takih mladostnikov, ki se na prijatelje lahko zanesejo, če gre kaj narobe in hkrati prostega časa ne preživljajo sami. V sklopu tveganih vedenj raziskava kaže, da več mladostnikov, ki svoje zdravje označujejo kot slabo, kadi. Kadi tudi večina tistih mladostnikov, ki je bila v zadnjih 6 mesecih nervozna. Nadalje se je pokazalo, da mladostniki, ki konopljo uporabljajo, slabše ocenjujejo svoje fizično in psihično zdravje. V sklopu raziskovanja samoocene (duševnega) zdravja in počutja ter odnosa do telesa in diet mladostnikov raziskava kaže, da se med mladostniki, tako med fanti kot med dekleti, najpogosteje pojavlja nervoza, sledita ji razdražljivost/slaba volja in nespečnost. Pokazalo se je, da na splošno psihosomatske simptome pogosteje doživljajo dekleta v primerjavi s fanti. Rezultati kažejo, da je več kot petina mladostnikov že razmišljala o tem, da bi naredila samomor. Ugotovili smo, da o samomoru več razmišljajo tisti mladostniki, ki niso zadovoljni s svojim življenjem. Nazadnje smo ugotovili, da je med tistimi mladostniki, ki jih vrstniki zafrkavajo ali ustrahujejo, več takih, ki so na dieti ali počnejo karkoli, da bi shujšali. In the master's thesis, we examine the relationship between family, school, peers, risk behaviours and mental health in adolescents during Covid-19. In addition, we examine their self-assessment of mental health, well-being and attitude towards their bodies and diets during the pandemic. In the theoretical part of the thesis, we define mental health in general and review the formal legislation. More specifically the thesis will focus on adolescent mental health and provide unique aspects of the adolescent period. We will point out the novelties and difficulties that the transition into adulthood brings. Additionally, we elaborate on the impact of family, educational and leisure environments on adolescents' mental health. Furthermore, we discuss how we can implement preventive and curative practices in these environments. In the empirical part of the thesis, we will present the results of an empirical study that focused on five research areas related to adolescent mental health. These areas are 1) mental health and family 2) mental health and school 3) mental health and peers 4) risk behaviours and 5) self assessment of mental health, well-being and attitude towards body and diet. In the context of mental health and family, the results show that most adolescents agree that their family provides the emotional help and support they need. The importance of communication between parents and adolescents is evident from the survey findings. Our research indicates that a majority of adolescents discuss important issues with their families. They are less likely to report that problems upset or distress them compared to those who do not engage in discussion with family members. In the context of mental health and school, we have shown that more anxious adolescents also express more negative feelings towards school or dislike school altogether. We have shown that nervousness is the most common symptom, occurring more than once a week over the last 6 months in adolescents who are under pressure from work related to school. We have also shown that adolescents who feel that their classmates or teachers accept them as they are are less likely to report problems in the following areas: emotional, behavioural and concentration. In the context of mental health and peers, we found that there was a significantly higher percentage of primary school children who were able to talk to their peers about their problems and had not been lonely in the previous week. We also showed that more adolescents who feel that their peers like them, do not report feeling depressed. We have found that more adolescents can rely on their friends when things go wrong and at the same time do not spend their free time alone. In the context of mental health and risk behaviours, the survey shows that more adolescents who describe their health as poor, smoke. The majority of adolescents who have been nervous in the last 6 months also smoke. Furthermore, adolescents who use cannabis are shown to rate their physical and mental health worse. In the context of exploring adolescents' self-assessment of mental health, well-being and attitude towards their bodies and diets, the study shows that nervousness is the most common among adolescents, both boys and girls, followed by irritability and insomnia. In general, psychosomatic symptoms are experienced more often by girls than boys. The results show that more than a fifth of adolescents have considered suicide. We found that adolescents who are not satisfied with their lives are more likely to consider suicide. Finally, we found that those adolescents who are teased or bullied by their peers are more likely to engage in dieting or other weight-loss efforts.

Magistrsko delo pojasnjuje vzporednice med pisanjem poezije in procesom psihoterapije. Pomembna povezava med njima je sicer utemeljena, priznana in v praksi uporabljena v terapiji s poezijo, pričujoča raziskava pa se osredotoča na poezijo in psihoterapijo kot ločeni in vključuje še element deljenja lastne poezije z javnostjo, kot je to mogoče na vse bolj razširjenem družbenem omrežju Instagram. Empirični del vsebuje podatke, pridobljene v intervjujih z desetimi pesnicami in pesniki, ki svoje avtorsko delo tudi objavljajo in delijo z drugimi na družbenem omrežju Instagram. Raziskava je kvalitativne narave, pri čemer je uporabljena metoda utemeljene teorije. Rezultati kažejo, da pesniki pisanje poezije doživljajo kot vrsto samopomoči v času stisk, kot medij za izražanje misli in čustev ter kot način procesiranja in osmišljanja dogodkov vsakdanjega življenja. Pisanje poezije prinaša številne spremembe, ki so primerljive s pričakovanimi učinki obiskovanja psihoterapije. (Anonimno) deljenje svoje poezije za pesnike pomeni tudi delitev lastnih izkušenj in jim daje možnost, da od drugih prejmejo odziv. Izsledki raziskave, podkrepljeni z že obstoječimi raziskavami in literaturo na to temo, so lahko v pomoč pesnikom za boljše razumevanje sebe in svojega umetniškega ustvarjanja, terapevtom kot spodbuda za uporabo poezije znotraj terapije ter navdih posameznikom, ki iščejo načine za (samo)izražanje in skrb za lastno duševno zdravje. This master's thesis explains parallels between poetry-writing and psychotherapy. An important connexion between these elements may be grounded, recognised and used in practise in poetry therapy, while this research focuses on poetry and psychotherapy separately, additionally including the element of sharing one's own poetry publicly, as it is made possible on an increasingly widespread social media platform, Instagram. The empirical part contains data gathered through interviews conducted with ten poets, who publish and share their own work with other people on the Instagram social media platform. The nature of this research is qualitative, using the grounded theory method. The results show that poets experience poetry-writing as a form of self-help in times of distress, as a medium to express their thoughts and emotions, and as a way to process and make sense of everyday events. Poetry-writing brings about numerous changes, comparable to the expected effects of psychotherapy. From poets’ point of view, sharing poetry (anonymously) means sharing their own experience and provides them with the opportunity to receive feedback from others. The results of this research, supported by existing studies and literature in this field, may be of assistance to poets to better understand themselves and their artistic creation, to therapists as an incentive to use poetry within therapy, and as an inspiration to individuals searching for ways to (self-)express and care for their own mental health.

Dostopnost do psihiatričnih in psihoterapevtskih storitev je ključnega pomena za krepitev duševnega zdravja, ki je eden ključnih pogojev za kakovostno življenje posameznika. Cilj diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, ali so duševne motnje v Sloveniji v porastu. Kakšna je dostopnost do psihiatričnih in psihoterapevtskih storitev v Sloveniji? Ugotavljala sem trend, v katerem se giblje povpraševanje oziroma potreba po storitvah psihiatrov in kliničnih psihologov v primerjavi z dostopnostjo in sredstvi, ki so namenjena omenjenim storitvam v javnem zdravstvu. Raziskala sem tudi, koliko proračunskih sredstev namenja država Slovenija za programe krepitve duševnega zdravja. Naloga temelji na analizi sekundarnih virov. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je število oseb z duševnimi motnjami v Sloveniji v upadanju. Podatki o številu izdanih receptov za antidepresive pa kažejo ravno nasprotno, torej trend naraščanja predpisovanja in porabe le-teh. To lahko pripišemo predvsem pojavu epidemije COVID-19, saj je zaradi z njo povezanih ukrepov v stik s strokovnjaki na področju psihiatrije in psihoterapije prišlo manj posameznikov kot bi jih sicer. Kljub naraščanju števila psihiatrov in kliničnih psihologov imamo v Sloveniji še vedno dolge čakalne dobe. To je še posebej zaskrbljujoče ob dejstvu, da v Sloveniji država vsako leto namenja več proračunskih sredstev za programe krepitve duševnega zdravja. Težava glede dostopnosti do psihoterapevtskih storitev je tudi v tem, da omenjeno področje ni zakonsko urejeno. Accessibility to psychiatric and psychotherapeutic services is of essential significance for strengthening mental health which is one of the key conditions for a quality life of an individual. The thesis aims to determine whether mental disorders are on the rise in Slovenia. What is the accessibility to psychiatric and psychotherapeutic services in Slovenia? I was ascertaining a trend in which the demand or the need for the services of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists fluctuates in comparison to the availability and resources intended for the aforementioned services in public healthcare. I also researched how much budgetary resources the state of Slovenia allocates for programs to strengthen mental health. The task is based on the analysis of secondary sources. It was ascertained that the number of people with mental disorders in Slovenia is decreasing. The data on the number of issued prescriptions for antidepressants show the exact opposite, i.e. an increasing trend in the prescription and consumption of antidepressants. This can be attributed mainly to the emergence of the COVID-19 epidemic because due to the measures related to it, fewer individuals came into contact with experts in the field of psychiatry and psychotherapy than they would have otherwise. Despite the increase in the number of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists, we still have long waiting times in Slovenia. This is particularly worrisome given the fact that every year in Slovenia, the state allocates more budget funds for programs to strengthen mental health. The problem with accessibility to psychotherapy services is also that the aforementioned area is not regulated by law.

V diplomskem delu je poudarek na etičnih dilemah socialnih delavcev, zaposlenih na področju duševnega zdravja. Na začetku teoretičnega uvoda predstavim pojem duševnega zdravja in njegove definicije. V nadaljevanju pišem o duševnem zdravju v povezavi s socialnim delom in o nevladnih organizacijah kot najpomembnejših nosilkah dejavnosti duševnega zdravja v skupnosti. Temu sledi prehod na temo etike in kasneje na temo etike v poklicu socialnega dela, kjer predstavim tudi izraza etičnih dilem in dvojnih vlog. V povezavi s tem sem posebno točko namenila tudi reševanju etičnih dilem. Proti koncu teoretičnega uvoda predstavim še kodeks etike in supervizijo kot pomembni opori pri reševanju etičnih dilem. V empiričnem delu je prikazana kvalitativna in eksplorativna raziskava, v okviru katere sem izvajala intervjuje. Na podlagi vodila za intervju sem pogovor izvedla s šestimi socialnimi delavkami, zaposlenimi na področju duševnega zdravja, ki so mi ponudile dragocen vpogled v njihovo delo, prepoznavanje etičnih dilem in njihovo reševanje. V empiričnem delu sem sogovornice spraševala tudi o podpori pri reševanju etičnih dilem, ki jo dobijo na svojem delovnem mestu, in o tem, kakšno oporo bi si še same želele. Populacijo v moji raziskavi so sestavljali vsi socialni delavci v Sloveniji, ki so v času zbiranja podatkov za namen diplomskega dela opravljali svoje delo na področju duševnega zdravja. Vzorec je priročen in neslučajnostni, saj sem sogovornike iskala v organizacijah, ki delujejo na področju duševnega zdravja, in sicer na območju koroške regije, ki mi je najdostopnejša. V empiričnem delu so predstavljeni rezultati, s katerimi sem odgovorila na naslednja raziskovalna vprašanja: s katerimi etičnimi dilemami se spopadajo socialne delavke na področju duševnega zdravja, katere načine uporabljajo socialne delavke na področju duševnega zdravja pri razreševanju etičnih dilem, v kolikšni meri se socialne delavke na področju duševnega zdravja pri spopadanju z etičnimi dilemami opirajo na kodeks etičnih načel in v kolikšni meri etične dileme izpostavljajo na supervizijskih srečanjih, če imajo to možnost, kakšne vrste podpore dobijo socialne delavke na področju duševnega zdravja znotraj organizacije, kjer delajo, kako se jim nudi ta podpora in kakšne oblike podpore bi si socialne delavke na področju duševnega zdravja še želele pri razreševanju etičnih dilem. In my diploma thesis, I write about the ethical dilemmas of social workers employed in the field of mental health. At the beginning of the theoretical introduction, I present the concept of mental health and its definitions. In the following, I write about mental health in connection with social work and non-governmental organizations as the most important carriers of mental health activities in the community. This is followed by a transition to the topic of ethics and later to the topic of ethics in the profession of social work, where I also present expressions of ethical dilemmas and dual roles. In connection with this, I devoted a special point to solving ethical dilemmas. Towards the end of the theoretical introduction, I present the code of ethics and supervision as important supports in solving ethical dilemmas. In the empirical part, qualitative and exploratory research is shown, during which I conducted interviews. Based on the interview guide, I conducted a conversation with six social workers employed in the field of mental health, who offered me valuable insight into their work, identifying ethical dilemmas and solving them. In the empirical part, I also asked the interviewees about the support in solving ethical dilemmas that they receive at their workplace and what kind of support would social workers still want. The population of my research consisted of all social workers in Slovenia who, at the time of data collection for the purpose of the thesis, were performing their work in the field of mental health. The sample is occasion and non-random, as I looked for interviewees in organizations that work in the field of mental health, namely in the Carinthia region, which is the most accessible to me. The empirical work presents the results that answered the following research questions: what ethical dilemmas do social workers in the field of mental health struggle with, what methods do social workers in the field of mental health use to resolve ethical dilemmas, to what extent do social workers in the field of mental health, when dealing with ethical dilemmas, they rely on the code of ethical principles and to what extent do they raise ethical dilemmas at supervisory meetings, to what extent do they have this opportunity, what types of support do social workers in the field of mental health receive within the organization, where they work, how is this support provided to them and what forms of support would social workers in the field of mental health still want in resolving ethical dilemmas.

Pandemija, kot izrazit stresor s pripisovanjem neznanega, nepredvidljivega in življenjsko nevarnega, povzroča močan prilagoditveni odziv pri vseh ljudeh. Pandemija COVID-19 ne zajema le nevarnosti okužbe, temveč tudi psihološke, socialne in ekonomske učinke karantene, samoizolacije in protiukrepov, saj vsi nesorazmerno vplivajo na najranljivejše v družbi. Nekaj empiričnih študij, povezanih s pandemijo, poroča o večji razširjenosti težav z duševnim zdravjem med ženskami, v primerjavi z moškimi. V mnogih državah, so v času pandemije ženske ranljive na enem ali več področjih, kar je zaskrbljujoče in je ogrožajoče za njihovo duševno zdravje. V svoji magistrski nalogi se osredotočam na ženske, z že obstoječimi težavami v duševnem zdravju, ki so redne uporabnice nevladnih organizacij na področju duševnega zdravja. Zanima me, kako pandemija COVID-19 in stres, ki ga ta prinaša, na splošno vplivata na njihovo počutje, življenjske navade in psihiatrične preglede ter psihološko pomoč. As a prominent stressor with the attribution of the unknown, unpredictable, and life-threatening, a pandemic causes a strong adaptive response in all people. The COVID-19 pandemic encompasses the risk of infection and the psychological, social, and economic effects of quarantine, self-isolation, and countermeasures, all of which disproportionately affect the most vulnerable in society. Few empirical studies related to the pandemic report a higher prevalence of mental health problems among women compared to men. In many countries, during the pandemic, women are vulnerable in one or more areas, which is worrying and threatens their mental health. In my master's thesis, I focus on women with pre-existing mental health problems who are regular users of non-governmental organizations in the field of mental health. I am interested in how the COVID-19 pandemic and the stress it brings generally affects their well-being, lifestyle habits and psychiatric examinations, and psychological help.

Begunci, ki prihajajo v Evropo, se srečujejo s številnimi težavami. Poleg travmatičnih dogodkov, ki so jih doživeli v svoji državi, se trpljenje nadaljuje. Tako so na poti pogosto ogrožena njihova življenja in zdravje. Srednje sredozemska ruta je ena najnevarnejših pomorskih poti v Evropo. Razteza se od podsaharske Afrike do Italije. V zelo slabih razmerah begunska pot včasih traja več kot eno leto in jo spremljajo lakota, nasilje in prevare tihotapcev, lokalnega prebivalstva in oblasti, ki jih nedolžno zadržujejo v zaporih ali izkoriščajo za prisilno delo. Tiste, ki pot preživijo, ob prihodu v Evropo čakajo nove težave, kot so strah pred vrnitvijo, rasizem, zapleteni postopki pridobivanja dokumentov ipd. Tudi po nekaj letih bivanja v Evropi se še vedno spopadajo z rasizmom, ko iščejo službo, stanovanje ali ko poskušajo pokazati svoje talente in izpolniti svoj polni potencial. Čeprav se vsakodnevno soočajo z morebitnimi travmatičnimi dogodki, številni begunci kažejo znake visoke psihološke odpornosti. V svoji magistrski nalogi bom s Connor-Davidsonovo lestvico odpornosti merila stopnjo odpornosti posameznikov in s polstrukturiranim intervjujem ugotavljala, kateri dejavniki vplivajo na krepitev njihove odpornosti, ter raziskovala vpliv integracije in religije na odpornost. V teoretičnem delu magistrskega dela bom govorila o duševnem zdravju beguncev, travmi in PTSM. V nadaljevanju bom definirala odpornost, navajala različna mnenja in teorije o njej ter se osredotočala na predhodne raziskave odpornosti beguncev. V empiričnem delu bom predstavila ugotovitve kvalitativne in kvantitativne raziskave, in sicer Connor-Davidsonove lestvice odpornosti in polstrukturiranih intervjujev, ki sem jih opravila z devetimi udeleženci na Siciliji, ki v Evropo prihajajo iz Afrike po srednje sredozemski poti. Ugotovitve raziskave kažejo pomen vere kot dejavnika odpornosti beguncev in procesa integracije v sodelovanju z osebnostnimi lastnostmi anketiranih. Spoznala sem tudi druge strategije odpornosti beguncev, ki so sodelovali v raziskavi. Refugees coming to Europe face many problems in addition to the traumatic events they experienced in their country of origin. Thus, their lives and health are often at risk during the migration. The Central Mediterranean route is one of the most dangerous sea routes to Europe. It stretches from sub-Saharan Africa to Italy. In very poor conditions, the refugee journey sometimes lasts more than a year and is accompanied by hunger, violence and deception by smugglers, the local population and the authorities, who lock them up in prisons or use them for forced labor. Those who survive the journey face new problems upon arrival in Europe. Fear of being sent back, racism and complicated procedures for obtaining documents are just some of the problems they face upon arrival. Even after several years of living in a European country, they still face racism when looking for a job, an apartment or when trying to show their talents and fulfill their full potential. Despite facing potentially traumatic events on a daily basis, many refugees show signs of high psychological resilience. In this master's thesis, I use the Connor-Davidson scale of resilience to measure the level of resilience of individuals and complemented by semi-structured interviews, determine which factors influence the strengthening of their resilience and investigate the influence of integration and religion. In the theoretical part of my master's thesis, I talk about the mental health of refugees, trauma and PTSD. In the following, I define resilience and list different opinions and theories about it, focusing on previous research on refugee resilience. In the empirical part, I present the findings of qualitative and quantitative research, namely the Connor-Davidson scale of resilience and semi-structured interviews, which I conducted with nine participants in Sicily, who came to Europe from Africa via the Central Mediterranean route. The findings of the research show the importance of religion as a factor in the resilience of refugees and the process of integration in cooperation with the personality characteristics of the interviewees. I also learned about other resilience strategies of the refugees who participated in the research.

Rak dojk je znotraj ženske populacije v Sloveniji najpogostejši rak, saj je vsak peti nov primer raka pri ženskah rak dojk ("Rak dojk", 2021). Zdravljenje raka je fizično in psihično zelo naporno (Dollinger idr., 1995). Bolezen vedno prizadene človeka kot celoto, zato gre pri rehabilitaciji za dinamičen in multidisciplinaren proces (Borštnar idr., 2006). Pomemben del celostne rehabilitacije je zdrav življenjski slog, katerega del je tudi telesna aktivnost, ki pomaga nadzorovati zdravo telesno težo in izboljša kakovost življenja (Ruiz-Vozmediano, 2020). Trenutno je vadba priznana kot ključni element pri rehabilitaciji bolnic z rakom za zmanjšanje negativnih učinkov zdravljenja, izboljšanje kakovosti življenja in izboljšanje telesnega ter duševnega zdravja (Ten Tusscher idr., 2019). Razumevanje blagodejnega vpliva telesne dejavnosti na stranske učinke zdravljenja in na fizično ter psihosocialno zdravje bolnic z rakom dojk med rehabilitacijo in po zaključenem zdravljenju je pomembno za njihovo celostno obravnavo. V okviru magistrske naloge smo želeli preveriti stališča bolnic z rakom dojk in zdravstvenih delavcev, vključenih v proces zdravljenja raka dojk, do vodene kineziološke vadbe, vključene v osnovno zdravljenje bolnic z rakom dojk. Uporabili smo kvalitativno raziskovalno metodo in za potrebe naloge razvili dva polstrukturirana intervjuja, namenjena bolnicam z rakom dojk in zdravstvenim delavcem, vključenim v proces zdravljenja raka dojk. Stališča so bila obojestransko zelo pozitivna z zavedanjem pomembnosti pravilne, tarčne in varne telesne dejavnosti za izboljšanje kvalitete življenja bolnic. Telesna aktivnost je bolnicam predstavljala zelo pomemben del življenja. Pomagala jim je blažiti mnoge stranske učinke terapije, kot so utrujenost, zmanjšana mišična moč in aerobna funkcija ter nespečnost. Vzbujala jim je pozitivna čustva, kot so sreča, veselje, zadovoljstvo in ponos. Na vodeni vadbi so spoznale bolnice s podobno zgodbo, ki so jim nudili socialo oporo in z njimi delile nasvete. V Sloveniji je takšna praksa le redko prisotna. Bolnice ob podani diagnozi in skozi proces rehabilitacije ne dobijo konkretnih informacij o gibanju in telesni aktivnosti med zdravljenjem, ki bi jim lahko izboljšala kvaliteto življenja. Vključitev kinezioterapije v osnovno zdravljenje in celostno rehabilitacijo bolnic z rakom dojk je v procesu zdravljenja raka fundamentalno, saj zdravljenje raka ni le zdravljenje tumorja, ampak vključuje veliko več. Vključuje tudi osebo. Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in the female population in Slovenia, with one in five new cases of cancer in women being breast cancer ("Breast cancer", 2021). Cancer treatment is physically and psychologically very demanding (Dollinger et. al., 1995). The disease always affects the person as a whole, so rehabilitation needs to be a dynamic and multidisciplinary process (Borštnar et. al., 2006). An important part of holistic rehabilitation is a healthy lifestyle, of which physical activity is an important part. It helps to control a healthy weight and improves quality of life (Ruiz-Vozmediano, 2020). Currently, exercise is recognised as a key element in the rehabilitation of cancer patients to reduce the negative effects of treatment and improve quality of life, improving physical and mental health (Ten Tusscher et. al., 2019). Understanding the beneficial impact of physical activity on the side effects of cancer treatment is important for a holistic management of the process. Physical activity can ease the side effects of treatment and can be beneficial to the physical and psychosocial health of breast cancer patients during rehabilitation and after treatment. The aim of this thesis was to examine the attitudes of breast cancer patients and health professionals involved in breast cancer treatment that includes kinesiotherapy as a primary element. We used a qualitative research method and developed two semi-structured interviews for the purpose of the thesis, targeting breast cancer patients and health professionals involved in breast cancer treatment. The views were mutually very positive, with an awareness of the importance of correct, targeted, and safe physical activity to improve the quality of life of patients. Physical activity was a very important part of life for the patients. It helped them to mitigate many of the side effects of therapy, such as fatigue, reduced muscle strength, reduced aerobic function and insomnia. It gave them positive emotions, such as happiness, joy, satisfaction, and pride. Through the guided exercise, they met other patients with similar stories, who provided social support and shared advice with them. This practice is rare in Slovenia. Therefore, when patients are diagnosed and during the rehabilitation process, they do not receive concrete information on exercise and physical activity during treatment that could improve their quality of life. The inclusion of kinesiotherapy in the basic treatment and overall rehabilitation of breast cancer patients is fundamental in the cancer treatment process because cancer treatment is not just about treating the tumour, it involves much more. It also involves the person.

Stroko socialnega dela, nezadovoljivo stanje oskrbe za ljudi s težavami v duševnem zdravju v socialno-varstvenih zavodih in trenutek v času naših študentskih let sem ujel in reinterpretiral skozi risoroman Rdeča vrata, zanimiv psihološki triler z elementi grozljivke. Pritegnil bo pozornost družbe in jo motiviral, da se poistoveti s prebivalci tovrstnih institucij ter se spozna z nekaterimi bistvenimi pojmi in pristopi socialnega dela, ki se zavzemajo za odpravljanje stigme, inkluzivnost ljudi z duševnimi stiskami in individualizirano oskrbo v skupnosti. Namen pisnega dela, torej magistrske naloge, je povzeti in dopolniti strip, ga reflektirati in postaviti v širši okvir socialnega dela in dezinstitucionalizacije kot gibanja. V besedilu osvetlim dogodke, ki so oblikovali moje izobraževanje v socialnega delavca, dogodke, ki so oblikovali moj pogled na dezinstitucionalizacijo, totalne institucije in duševno zdravje. Je povabilo bralcem v zakulisje naših praks v socialno-varstvenih zavodih po Srbiji in Sloveniji, naših aktivističnih akcij in delovnih taborov ter poziv k soustvarjanju boljše prihodnosti za ljudi z duševnimi stiskami. Prihodnosti brez totalnih institucij. I have captured and reinterpreted the profession of social work, the unsatisfactory state of care for people with mental health issues in social care institutions and a moment in time during our student years through the graphic novel The Red Door, an interesting psychological thriller with horror influences that will attract the public and motivate it to identify with the residents of such institutions and become familiar with some key concepts and approaches of social work, which are committed to eliminating stigma, improving the inclusiveness of people with mental health issues in society and individualizing care in the community. The purpose of the written work, i.e. the master's thesis, is to summarize and supplement the graphic novel, to reflect on it and place it in the broader context of social work and deinstitutionalization as a movement. In the text, I highlight the events that shaped my education as a social worker, the events that shaped my view on deinstitutionalization, total institutions and mental health. It is an invitation to readers behind the scenes of our practices in total institutions in Serbia and Slovenia, our activist actions and work camps, and a call to co-create a better future for people with mental health issues. A future without total institutions.

Namen magistrske naloge je prikazati izkušnje otrok, ki so se v času epidemije Covid-19 soočali z različnimi ukrepi in omejitvami, katere je uvajala država z namenom preprečevanja širjenja virusa med državljani. V teoretičnem uvodu je predstavljen podroben potek epidemije in njenih ukrepov, v nadaljevanju pa pišem tudi o duševnem zdravju in počutju, kjer se osredotočim na dnevne rutine, nadaljujem s pomenom družine, vrstnikov oziroma prijateljev in šolskega okolja v življenju otrok, ki se soočajo z izrednimi razmerami. V nadaljevanju opredelim tudi pomen prostega časa na splošno in v času trajanja omejitev ter pomen podpore in pomoči, ki se zagotavlja otrokom. V empiričnem delu naloge so predstavljene izkušnje desetih otrok, ki imajo izkušnjo soočanja z izrednimi razmerami, natančneje z epidemijo Covid-19. Osebe, vključene v vzorec, so otroci od 4. do 9. razreda osnovnošolskega izobraževanja, ki so se v času epidemije Covid-19 soočali z ukrepi, katere je uvajala država Republika Slovenija z namenom preprečevanja širjenja okužb z novim koronavirusom. V času trajanja izrednih razmer so ključni vir pomoči otrokom predstavljali njihovi starši in prijatelji, pomembno vlogo pa so imeli tudi učitelji in svetovalne delavke. The aim of this master's thesis is to demonstrate the experience of children who were subject to different measures and restrictions imposed by the government with the aim to prevent the spread of the virus among citizens during the Covid-19 epidemic. The theoretical introduction details the course of the epidemic and measures used to contain it, also addressing mental health and well-being, with a focus on the daily routine, as well as the importance of family, peers and friends, and the school environment in the life of children under the state of emergency. I also determine the importance of leisure time in general and in the period when the restrictions were imposed as well as the importance of assistance and support provided to children. The empirical part of the thesis presents experience of ten children having experienced a state of emergency, namely the Covid-19 epidemic. Subjects included in the sample were fourth- to ninth-grade primary school pupils who were subject to measures imposed by the government of the Republic of Slovenia with the aim to prevent the spread of infections with the new coronavirus during the Covid-19 epidemic. During the state of emergency, the key source of assistance to children were their parents and friends, with teachers and counsellors also having an important role.

Magistrsko delo se osredotoča na oblikovanje uporabniškega vmesnika za pomoč pri obvladovanju anksioznosti in depresije pri slovenskih mladostnikih. Potreba po takšni aplikaciji je narastla zaradi naraščajočega trenda duševnih težav med mladimi tako v svetu kot v Sloveniji. Cilj magistrskega dela je bil raziskati potrebe mladostnikov po reševanju psihičnih stisk, pridobiti mnenja strokovnjakov za duševno zdravje ter ustvariti vizualno privlačen in učinkovit uporabniški vmesnik v slovenskem jeziku. V magistrskem delu z naslovom Načrtovanje uporabniškega vmesnika za pomoč pri obvladovanju anksioznosti in depresije je zajeta problematika duševnega zdravja mladostnikov v Sloveniji, pregled digitalnih intervencij za zdravljenje duševnih težav in opredelitev mobilnih aplikacij za samopomoč, predstavljena pa so tudi glavna načela dobrega oblikovanja tovrstnih uporabniških vmesnikov. S pomočjo teoretične raziskave, izvedbe spletnega anketiranja splošne populacije in strokovnjakov (specialistov), analize obstoječih digitalnih rešitev ter intervjujev z mladostniki in strokovnjaki s področja duševnega zdravja smo segmentirali ciljno skupino uporabnikov ter oblikovali tipično persono in predvideni scenarij uporabe. Nato smo izdelali načrt uporabniške izkušnje za prvo in redno uporabo uporabniškega vmesnika. Na podlagi pridobljenih ugotovitev in analiz smo načrtovali informacijsko arhitekturo uporabniškega vmesnika ter izrisali žične modele zaslonov. Skozi proces načrtovanj je nastal uporabniški vmesnik mobilne aplikacije, ki je namenjen predvsem spodbujanju pozitivnega duševnega zdravja mladostnikov ter lajšanju čustvenih stisk v primeru anksioznosti ali depresivnosti. Aplikacija je zasnovana tako, da je primerna za samostojno uporabo ali kot dodatek pri zdravljenju. Upoštevali smo priporočila strokovnjakov in v uporabniškem vmesniku poudarili pomembnost strokovne pomoči, podpore ter vključili pomembne telefonske številke in povezave. Vsebina aplikacije je prilagojena slovenskim mladostnikom. Pri oblikovanju vizualnega izgleda uporabniškega vmesnika smo se odločili za preprosto zasnovo, primerno tako za mlajše kot starejše mladostnike. The Master's thesis focuses on designing a user interface to help manage anxiety and depression in Slovenian teenagers. The need for such an application was identified due to the increasing trend of mental health problems in the world and Slovenia. The goal was to explore the needs of teenagers in dealing with mental distress, gather opinions from mental health professionals, and create a visually appealing and effective user interface in Slovenian language. The Master’s thesis titled Designing a User Interface to Help Manage Anxiety and Depression covers the issue of mental health among teenagers in Slovenia, an overview of digital interventions for treating mental health problems, and the definition of mobile self-help applications and the main principles of good design for such user interfaces. Through theoretical research, online surveys of the general population and specialists, analysis of existing digital solutions, and interviews with teenagers and mental health professionals, we segmented the target user group and designed a typical persona and their anticipated usage scenario. We then created a plan for the user experience in the case of first-time and regular use of the user interface. Based on the findings and analysis, we planned the information architecture of the mobile application and created wireframes of the screens. Through the planning process, a digital solution in the form of a mobile application was created, primarily aimed at promoting positive mental health in teenagers and easing emotional distress in cases of anxiety or depression. The application is designed to be suitable for both standalone use and as an adjunct to treatment. We considered the recommendations of professionals and emphasized the importance of seeking professional help or support in the user interface, including important phone numbers and links. The content of the application is tailored to Slovenian teenagers. In designing the visual appearance of the user interface, we emphasized a simple design that is suitable for both younger and older adolescents.

V magistrskem delu z naslovom Doživljanja otrok iz ranljivih družin v času epidemije sem se osredotočila na to, kako je epidemija bolezni covid-19 vplivala na otroke iz družin, ki so opredeljene kot ranljive. Kot ranljive družine opredeljujem tiste, ki so se že pred pojavom epidemije soočale z več različnimi problemi (socialno ranljivostjo, stanovanjsko ranljivostjo, nizkimi prihodki, družinskimi težavami itd.) in so bile vključene v katero izmed institucij oziroma oblik pomoči, ki se ukvarjajo s problematiko ranljivih družin. V teoretičnem delu opredeljujem ključne pojme, kot so ranljive skupine ljudi in ranljive družine, značilnosti le-teh in izzive, s katerimi se pogosto soočajo. Dotaknem se tudi šolanja na daljavo in osnovnih značilnosti epidemije covida-19 v Sloveniji. Osredotočim se tudi na razvoj otrok, kaj vse za zdrav razvoj potrebujejo, kakšen pomen ima za razvoj šola in kako je na vse to vplivala epidemija. Raziskavo sem opravila v dveh delih. V prvem delu sem se osredotočila na starše in njihovo dojemanje epidemije in počutja otroka, v drugem delu pa na otroke ter njihovo doživljanje in dojemanje situacije. Opravila sem kvalitativno raziskavo s štirimi družinami. S tremi družinami sem prišla v stik s pomočjo Mladinskega doma Jarše in Svetovalnega centra za otroke, mladostnike in starše Ljubljana. Obe instituciji se ukvarjata s tovrstno problematiko in nudita pomoč družinam, ki se znajdejo v stiski. Z eno družino pa sem prišla v stik s pomočjo moje mentorice pri praksi. S to raziskavo sem želela raziskati, kakšne so bile posledice epidemije, predvsem zapiranja šol in javnega življenja, na duševno zdravje otrok, ki prihajajo iz družin, ki so že v običajnih razmerah odrinjene na rob družbe. S tem sem želela osvetliti problematiko ranljivih družin, hkrati pa izpostaviti tudi perspektivo otrok, ki so v raziskovanju pogosto spregledani oziroma v njihovem imenu govorijo drugi. Želela sem ugotoviti, kateri so bili najpogostejši izzivi, s katerimi so se soočale družine, kaj so v času zaprtja najbolj pogrešali, kaj jim je bilo morda v oporo in kako so vse to doživljali otroci. Te podatke sem pridobila prek polstrukturiranih intervjujev s starši in otroki. Z raziskavo sem ugotovila, da so se družine, s katerimi sem sodelovala, v času epidemije soočale z velikimi izzivi in spremembami v njihovem vsakdanu. Predvsem so bile te spremembe vezane na pomanjkanje virov pomoči v svoji lastni socialni mreži in še večjo odrinjenost na rob družbe kot pred epidemijo. Pokazal se je vzorec, da so bile zlasti ženske med epidemijo veliko bolj obremenjene, saj so na svojih ramenih nosile odgovornost za celo družino, izobraževanje otrok in usklajevanje vseh ostalih obveznosti. Experiences of children from vulnerable families during epidemic In my master's thesis titled Experiences of children from vulnerable families during the epidemic, I focused on how the epidemic of the disease COVID-19 affected children from families defined as vulnerable. I define vulnerable families as those families that, even before the outbreak of the epidemic, faced several different problems (social vulnerability, housing vulnerability, low income, family problems, etc.) and were included in one of the institutions or forms of assistance that deal with the problem of vulnerable families. In the theoretical part, I define key concepts, such as vulnerable groups of people and vulnerable families, their characteristics and the challenges they often face. I will also touch on distance learning and the basic characteristics of the Covid-19 epidemic in Slovenia. I also focus on the development of children, what they need for healthy development, the importance of school for development and how the epidemic affected this. I did the research in two parts - in the first part I focused on the parents and their perception of the epidemic and the well-being of the child, and in the second part on the children themselves and their experience and perception of the situation. I conducted qualitative research with four families, with whom I came into contact with the help of the Youth Center and the Counseling Center for Children, Adolescents and Parents. Both institutions deal with this type of problem and offer help to families who find themselves in need. I got in touch with one family with the help of my internship mentor. With this research, I wanted to investigate the impact of the epidemic - especially the closing of schools and public life - on the mental health of children who come from families that are already pushed to the fringes of society under normal circumstances. With this, I wanted to shed light on the issue of vulnerable families, and at the same time highlight the perspective of children, who are often overlooked in research or who are spoken for by others. I wanted to find out what were the most common challenges faced by families, what they missed the most during the closure, what might have been a support for them, and how the children experienced all of this. I obtained this data through semi-structured interviews with parents and children. Through my research, I found that the families I worked with faced great challenges and changes in their everyday life during the epidemic. Above all, these changes were linked to the lack of sources of help in one's own social network and an even greater relegation to the fringes of society than before the epidemic. A pattern emerged that women in particular were much more burdened during the epidemic, as they shouldered the responsibility for the entire family, the education of children and the coordination of all other obligations.

Magistrsko delo se ukvarja z raziskovanjem področja varovanja duševnega zdravja otrok in mladih v slovenskih osnovnih šolah. V teoretičnem delu opredelim pojem duševnega zdravja in izpostavim ključne koncepte na tem področju. Osredotočim se na duševno zdravje v obdobju otroštva in mladostništva in za osnovo celostnega pojmovanja duševnega zdravja vzamem ekosocialni sistemski razlagalni model in koncept varovalnih dejavnikov in dejavnikov tveganja. Duševno zdravje umestim v družbeni kontekst in predstavim vpliv epidemije ter omejevalnih ukrepov na duševno zdravje otrok in mladih. V nadaljevanju predstavim vlogo osnovne šole in zaposlenih na šoli pri varovanju duševnega zdravja otrok in mladih. Teoretični del zaključim z opredelitvijo kategorij dejavnosti in strategij, metod in pristopov varovanja duševnega zdravja v osnovnošolskem prostoru. V teoretičnem delu predstavim tudi ugotovitve nekaterih slovenskih in tujih raziskav, vezanih na področje raziskovanja. V empiričnem delu sem raziskovala razumevanje duševnega zdravja otrok in mladih s strani učiteljic razrednega pouka in svetovalnih delavk na šoli in njihov pogled na vlogo šole na tem področju. Izhajala sem iz opredelitve osnovne šole kot univerzalnega institucionalnega prostora, v katerega so vpeti vsi otroci, zaradi česar ima ob naraščanju težav na področju njihovega duševnega zdravja edinstveno možnost podpornega delovanja. Osvetlila sem trenutne prakse varovanja duševnega zdravja v osnovnih šolah ter zaznane varovalne dejavnike in dejavnike tveganja ter raziskala vpliv epidemije na duševno zdravje otrok in mladih. Raziskovala sem tudi možnosti izboljšave področja varovanja duševnega zdravja v osnovnih šolah. V kvalitativno raziskavo so bile vključene štiri osnovne šole iz osrednje slovenske regije. Vzorec je zajemal štiri učiteljice razrednega pouka in štiri šolske svetovalne delavke. Za zbiranje podatkov sem uporabila polstrukturiran intervju in podatke obdelala s postopkom kvalitativne analize. Pri procesu kodiranja sem uporabila deduktivni in induktivni pristop. Uporabila sem deskriptivno metodo. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da učiteljice razrednega pouka in svetovalne delavke v ospredje svojega razumevanja duševnega zdravja postavljajo salutogeni model in osnovni šoli pripisujejo pomembno vlogo pri varovanju duševnega zdravja otrok in mladih. Zaradi epidemije pri otrocih in mladih zaznajo pojavnost sprememb na različnih področjih in oblikujejo ustrezne odzive, usmerjene v varovanje duševnega zdravja. V lastno delovanje vključujejo strategije, metode in pristope varovanja duševnega zdravja in v šolskem okolju razvijajo varovalne dejavnike in preprečujejo dejavnike tveganja. Na individualni ravni in na ravni celotne šole izpostavijo možnosti za izboljšavo področja varovanja duševnega zdravja in morebitne ovire za implementacijo ter možnosti za njihovo preseganje. Z magistrskim delom sem želela raziskati možnosti šole pri varovanju duševnega zdravja otrok in mladih ter odpreti prostor za izboljšavo tega področja. The Master's Thesis is dealing with the research of children's and adolescents' mental health protection in Slovenian primary schools. In the theoretical part the meaning of mental health is explained and the key concepts in this filed are presented. I am focused on the mental health in the period of childhood and adolescence. In order to fully understand the definition of mental health I use an Eco social systemic explanatory model and the concept of protective factors and risk factors. Mental health is placed into social context and the impact of the epidemics and restrictions on mental health is presented. Further on I focus on the role of primary school and those working there to protect children's and adolescents' mental health. The theoretical part is concluded by presenting various activities and strategies, methods and approaches to protect mental health in primary school. Additionally I present some national as well as international findings on the topics. The empirical part deals with researching the understanding of mental health among primary school teachers and consultants in primary school and their views of the role that primary school has about mental health protection. Primary school is a universal institutional place where all children meet and primary school therefore has, when the mental health issues increase, a unique opportunity to play the protective role. The temporary ways of protecting mental health are presented as well as detected protective factors. I was researching the impact of the epidemics on the mental health of children and adolescents as well as the opportunities how to improve the protection of mental health. Qualitative research included four primary schools from central Slovenia. The model includes four primary school teachers and four school counsellors. For data collecting I used half-structured interview and then I processed the data by qualitative analysis. Deductive and inductive approach was used for coding. I also used the descriptive method. The results revealed that the teachers and the school counsellors focus on the Salutogenic model and consider school to be very important for children's and adolescent's mental health protection. Due to the epidemics, various changes were noticed therefore different strategies of protecting mental health were developed. Their work includes strategies, methods and approaches to protect mental health in school environment and they develop protective factors and prevent risk factors. Individually and on the school level they expose possibilities to improve the area of mental health protection they present possible obstacles in implementation as well as possibilities of their excession. In my Master's Thesis I wanted to research the possibilities that schools have concerning the protection of children's and adolescents’ mental health.