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Ionotropic Receptors (IRs) are a large subfamily of variant ionotropic glutamate receptors present across Protostomia. While these receptors are most extensively studied for their roles in chemosensory detection, recent work has implicated two family members, IR21a and IR25a, in thermosensation in Drosophila. Here we characterize one of the most evolutionarily deeply conserved receptors, IR93a, and show that it is co-expressed and functions with IR21a and IR25a to mediate physiological and behavioral responses to cool temperatures. IR93a is also co-expressed with IR25a and a distinct receptor, IR40a, in a discrete population of sensory neurons in the sacculus, a multi-chambered pocket within the antenna. We demonstrate that this combination of receptors is required for neuronal responses to dry air and behavioral discrimination of humidity differences. Our results identify IR93a as a common component of molecularly and cellularly distinct IR pathways important for thermosensation and hygrosensation in insects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17879.001

金沢大学人間社会研究域学校教育系, Relationship between measured values of characteristic parameters of disposable diapers and subjective evaluation data was investigated precisely. As subjective evaluation of water diffusion in disposable diapers is dynamic process related to the diffusion of water, evaluation conditions and the time are very important. Amount of pouring water should be less than the critical saturated region of diapers to obtain reliable subjective results. The sense of "sarasara(dry)" and "touch" agreed well in the case of wet diapers, and it might be very important to keep the surface to be dried to get comfortable disposable diapers. Correlation coefficients between each objective value and subjective data were calculated and it was shown that the sense of "sarasara" was evaluated by a new parameter of Vh, that is, the peak value of remained water curve divided by the convergence time of the water. Further, "sarasara" was regressed with Fw, that is, the diffusion rate in horizontal direction and Fh, that is, the diffusion rate in vertical direction.