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The relevance of the article is due to the importance of the problem of water drainage at modern construction sites. When designing buildings and structures, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of efficient collection and drainage of water from the surface of the roof and the territory. The goal is to represent relevant information about the methods of hydraulic calculation of rainwater elements used in modern engineering practice. Among the methods used in the research, the analytical method, synthesis method, functional method, deduction method, and other approaches were used. The scientific and practical task related to the development of new and improvement of known methods of modelling rain run-off in built-up areas, taking into account the regulatory influence of individual elements of water drainage structures, is being successfully carried out. The results of this study are very important for ensuring the reliability of water drainage systems in the settlements of Ukraine, especially under the conditions of the growth of urban development and changes in climatic conditions. To develop practical surface run-off management plans, it is necessary to scientifically model the run-off level, taking into account the climatic characteristics and parameters of the run-off basin, as well as the predicted changes over time. The task of modelling the behaviour of surface run-off in urbanized areas is complex and it contains many factors. The study shows that reliable modelling results of complex rainwater drainage systems with regulating facilities can be obtained only with the help of multifactorial and multistep models implemented with the help of computer programs. The practical value of the research is that it helps to improve the design and operation of water drainage and water supply systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering is the property of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drainage facilities are key infrastructure elements of urban stormwater drainage system (USDSs) for flood mitigation during short-duration extreme rainstorms. To obtain the optimal operation rules of drainage facilities within the shortest response time, a novel framework and approach was developed in this study. In the proposed approach, a complex USDS based on Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was developed to simulate rainfall runoff and provide hydraulic characteristics, and was linked to the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to design short-term operation rules. Also, to overcome computational inefficiencies of the PSO algorithm to meet the requirements of response time, multisurrogate models in combination with radial basis function network (RBFN), kriging model, and artificial neural network (ANN) were coupled in the optimization search process to substantially reduce the number of evaluations. A practical case in Yinchuan city of China was then taken for the application. The proposed approach demonstrated high performance in flood mitigation compared with the current operation rules for pumping stations and water gates, with the core area inundations reduced to almost 0 (10 years), and the reduction rate being 71.22% (30 years) and 55.16% (50 years), respectively. In addition, the number of pump switches and the water level of the storage tanks were limited within the allowable range to ensure the reasonable and safe operation of the pumping stations. The new method required only 120 evaluations to obtain the optimal solution, which could provide sufficient response time for operators and thus serve as a practical and highly effective way to reduce urban inundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence and function of engineering facilities were increasingly concerned about the safety analysis of low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (LILW). In terms of near-surface disposal, many artificial facilities were set down, such as drainage facilities, covering layers, and disposal units. To analyze the long-term impact of these artificial facilities on groundwater in the disposal site area, we built four time-continuing models by setting the time nodes of parameter or boundary changes using FEFLOW code, considering the possible aging and degradation state of these facilities. According to the models, the site area’s groundwater level situations for long-term safety assessment were predicted. The results showed the different regulating abilities of drainage facilities affected the groundwater level of the disposal site in different degradation states, which also reflected the necessity of artificial facilities simulation in groundwater modeling. In addition, the Monte Carlo method and surrogate model were adopted to analyze the influence of the uncertainty of model parameters on the output of groundwater flow models. This study could help in further understanding the groundwater flow modeling for long-term safety assessment of near-surface disposal engineering.

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mining Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The analysis of the half a century hydrogeological data allows to argue that the environmental situation in the area of Kislovodsk field should be treated as close to critical. These results in the accumulation of pollutants in the pedosphere, bacteriological contamination of valanginian horizons in the boundary (southern) part of the field, the growth of dynamic levels, a fall of conditions of working levels of mineral water containing seltzer. The main reasons for the negative impact on the ecological situation - the landscape features contributing to the accumulation of pollutants in the pedosphere and forming potential sources of contamination, increased precipitation leading to the fall of conditions of mineral waters, runoff from non-sanitation settlements and the leakage of the networks (including sewer). The paper analyzes hydrogeodynamic and hydrogeochemical regimes of the exploitation of Kislovodsk field, gives the recommendations for improving the quality indicators of the main source of «Narzan» deposit.

Coastal cities are more vulnerable to floods due to the joint impact of rainfall and tide level. Quantitative risk assessment of disaster-causing factors is critical to urban flood management. This paper presents an integrated method to quantify the hazard degree of disaster-causing factors, rainfall and tide level, and to investigate the optimal management of flooding risk in different disaster-causing factor areas. First, an urban flood inundation model is used to simulate inundated extents in different drainage districts. Then, formulas are put forward to calculate the hazard degree of rainfall and tide level based on inundated extents in different combinations of rainfall and tide level. According to the hazard degree, the main disaster-causing factor could be identified in each drainage district. Finally, the optimal management of flooding risk in different disaster-causing factor areas is selected by disaster reduction analysis and cost-benefit analysis. Furthermore, the coastal city, Haikou of China, is taken as a case study. The results indicate that the hazard degree increases with the increasing distance between the drainage district and the Qiongzhou Strait or the Nandu River in the eastern of Haikou. Heavy rain is the main disaster-causing factor in inland areas, while high tide level is the main disaster-causing factor in island areas. For the area whose main disaster-causing factor is heavy rain, water storage projects could effectively reduce flooding. Meanwhile, pumps are economical choices for the area where tide level is the main disaster-causing factor. The results can provide reference for drainage planning in other coastal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction of roads causes interference in the environment, resulting in number of ecological changes. Site facilities associated with road structures, including drainage system of a lane, play a significant role among environmental impacts. It affects particular elements of the environment, causing changes in existing ecosystems, in terms of, among others, surface and groundwater, soil, landscape and lively nature. The paper presents impact of a drainage system of a road on animal nature, mainly herpetofauna. Results of a control of a drainage system facilities for the presence of amphibians are shown for selected sections of roads commissioned by General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways Katowice Branch. Basic problems associated with active protection of animals on completed road investments and methods to minimize the impact of drainage system on amphibians are also presented in the paper.

Due to changes in the global climate of the planet, increasing the content of atmospheric moisture, the intensity and duration of precipitation throughout the year, it is proposed that the calculations should be performed separately for each of the three periods: autumn period of initial accumulation of moisture; spring period of thaw and saturation; summer period of heavy rainfalls events. One of the main reasons of destruction of road coating is overmoistening of the soil of earth bed and road base due to the unsatisfactory state of drainage and drainage facilities. The investigation is devoted to the problems of designing drainage structures. This paper proposes a method for calculating the amount of water ingressing the drainage layer by infiltration of atmospheric precipitation. To improve the structural strength of the road, fast and continuous removal of water from porous layers of road covering should be provided. The delay in water diversion reduces the bearing capacity of soil foundation and as a result, decreases the structural strength in general. The arrangement of continuous drainage layer under the road coating allows collecting excess moisture that enters the drainage layer for the entire year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecological Engineering / Inżynieria Ekologiczna is the property of Polish Society of Ecological Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sustainable development means to protect and improve environment for future generation use. An effective protection requires action to limit global warming prevention catastrophic phenomena, such as severe floods or long-term droughts, and safeguarding people from their effects. Analyzing these phenomena evolution, the Romanian specialized institutes have adopted a new approach and developed a modem strategy, based on the latest hydrological theory available worldwide. According to this strategy, the Romanian authorities have begun to develop and implement new norms and technical regulations. These norms and technical regulations have fully changed the previous approach of the storm and runoff modelling in Romania. The paper presents the modeling methods of the design storm and overland runoff, which have been the base of the new norms and regulations (Romanian Standard SR 1846-2/2006, "National medium and long-term flood risk management strategy", "Methodology for the establishment of the hydrographic basins exposed to floods") and points out their implications in the environmental protection, water management field and in the fight against extreme meteorological Phenomena such as severe floods and droughts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]