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Poslovni bonton ima pomembno vlogo v poslovnem okolju, saj predstavlja pomemben pripomoček, s katerim si lahko posameznik pomaga, da se olikano, spoštljivo in dostojanstveno vede v nekem prostoru in času. Pravila poslovnega bontona se tudi spreminjajo oziroma se k obstoječim pravilom dodajajo nova, ki so oblikovana tako, da se prilagajajo prostoru, času, kulturi in situacijam, v katerih se znajde družba oziroma posameznik. V zadnjih nekaj letih je prav pojav SARS-CoV-2 in z njim povezana epidemija v določeni meri vplivala na spremembo nekaterih pravil poslovnega bontona. Namen diplomskega dela je bil raziskati področje poslovnega bontona in proučiti prakso izvajanja pravil poslovnega bontona v obdobju epidemije covida-19 med zaposlenimi v izbranih organizacijah državne uprave. V okviru raziskave diplomskega dela je bilo ugotovljeno, da je imela epidemija covida-19 določen vpliv na nekatera pravila poslovnega bontona, in sicer pri rokovanju so klasično rokovanje (z dlanjo) v obdobju epidemije nadomestile varnejše alternative rokovanja, od katerih je bilo najpogosteje uporabljeno kimanje z glavo (44 %). V obdobju po epidemiji pa so anketiranci v večji meri opustili alternative rokovanja, in sicer za kar 45 % potem se je tudi povečal delež anketiranih, ki se ponovno rokujejo z dlanjo (82 %). Poleg tega se je pri govorici telesa spremenila predvsem prepoznava obrazne mimike, saj je bila v obdobju epidemije covida-19 ovirana zaradi nošenja zaščitnih higienskih mask, pri čemer rezultati raziskave kažejo, da je večina anketiranih (67 %) v delovnem okolju vedno nosila zaščitno higiensko masko. Business etiquette plays an important role in the business environment because it is an important tool with which an individual can help himself to behave politely, respectfully, and with dignity in a certain space and time. The rules of business etiquette are also changed or new ones are added to the existing rules. The latter are designed to adapt to the space, time, culture, and situations in which the society or the individual find themselves. In the last few years, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the epidemic associated with it influenced the change of some rules of business etiquette to a certain extent. The purpose of the bachelor’s thesis was to research the field of business etiquette and to examine the practice of implementing the rules of business etiquette during the COVID-19 epidemic among employees in selected state administration organizations. Within the framework of the bachelor thesis research, it was ascertained that the COVID-19 epidemic had a certain impact on some rules of business etiquette. When shaking hands, the classic handshake (with the palm) was replaced during the epidemic by safer handshake alternatives of which nodding with the head was the most frequently used (44%). In the post-epidemic period, however, respondents abandoned handshake alternatives to a greater extent, namely by as much as 45%. Then the proportion of respondents who shook hands increased (82%) again. In addition, the recognition of facial expressions changed mainly because, during the COVID-19 epidemic, it was hampered by the wearing of protective hygienic masks. The results of the survey show that the majority of respondents (67%) always wore protective hygienic masks in the work environment.

Cilj je ovog rada napraviti prikaz strukture Vlade, koji proizlazi iz pravnog okvira RH, te pedantno ilustrirati da se radi o kompleksnoj instituciji koja posjeduje više razina kroz koje svi zakonski prijedlozi, te prijedlozi drugih akata, moraju „proći“ kako bi bili usvojeni i poslani u daljnju proceduru ili bili predloženi Hrvatskome saboru. Proces donošenja odluka unutar Vlade međutim izlazi iz okvira ovoga rada, te je tome potrebno posvetiti posebnu analizu kojoj je analiza organizacijske strukture pretpostavka. Na temelju analize regulatornog okvira, dat ćemo prikaz svih ustrojbenih jedinica Vlade RH te ukratko opisati najbitnije nadležnosti i poslove koje obavljaju. Ustroj Vlade razmatramo funkcionalno, pa smo ustrojbene jedinice podijelili u četiri odvojene razine: politička tijela Vlade, kabinet, Uži kabinet te Ured predsjednika i potpredsjednika Vlade; zatim tehničko-administrativne službe okupljene u Glavnom tajništvu Vlade; potom radna tijela Vlade koja imaju političke i stručne funkcije; te posljednja četvrta razina koja se sastoji od stručnih službi Vlade, odnosno raznih Vladinih ureda. Svaka skupina tijela Vlade posvećena je srodnim poslovima, odnosno u nadležnosti ima zadatke sa sličnim funkcijama, povezanim svrhama u radu Vlade. Na kraju rada predstavit ćemo organigram Vlade, shematski prikaz unutarnjeg organizacijskog ustroja Vlade, kao glavni stručni doprinos ovoga rada.

U radu će se definirati ustrojstvo državne uprave odnosno, prikazat će se trodioba vlasti u Republici Hrvatskoj te će se prikazati postupak modernizacije hrvatske uprave, ali i načela za unutarnje ustrojstvo tijela državne uprave. Nadalje, rad definira sama tijela državne uprave te posebnu pažnju daje ministarstvima, ustroju ministarstava te Vladi Republike Hrvatske. U praktičnom dijelu ovoga rada prikazat će se analiza ministarstva financija, ministarstva zdravstva te ministarstva gospodarstva i održivog razvoja Republike Hrvatske. The paper will define the structure of the state administration, that is, the division of power will be presented in the Republic of Croatia, and the process of modernization of the Croatian administration will be presented, as well as the principles for internal organization of state administration bodies. Furthermore, the work is defined by the state administration bodies themselves and special attention is given to ministries, the organization of ministries and the Government of the Republic of Croatia. IN the practical part of this paper will present the analysis of the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of the Republic of Croatia.

Public administration and public governance play a crucial role in society today by ensuring that social needs are met. Due to the constantly changing environment, public governance models have transformed many times, creating differences in public governance practices among public administration institutions, with combinations of contradictory structures and principles that coexist. Accordingly, this paper aims to provide an overview of different public governance models, extract quantifiable elements based on models’ principles and examine the extent of layering of different governance models at different levels of public administration in the specific case of the Slovenian administration. Thus, the main focus is on identifying the differences in characteristics of public governance practices between state administration and local self-government. The results show state administration institutions are more strongly characterised by the Neo-Weberian model’s principles. In contrast, local self-government institutions are more oriented to managerial public governance and Digital-Era Governance practices. Public managers may regard the results as additional resources for democratic and efficient governing. At the same time, they may provide policymakers with in-depth insights to consider while determining the trajectories of future public administration reforms.

This paper presents the study of a measurement model of professional operation of state administration. From the perspective of reliable performance of state functions, the professional operation of state administration represents one of the goals of social change. Based on theoretical-analytical findings, a measurement model of professional operation of state administration was designed. It consists of three dimensions, namely: reliability of state administration, professionalisation of the administrative profession, and competence of employees. The reliability dimension is represented by the element of legality and economic efficiency, the profession dimension is based on power, autonomy, knowledge and responsibility, and the competence dimension includes elements of leadership and ethics. The measurement model was tested in the Slovenian state administration. The results of the research confirm the connection between the three aforementioned dimensions of professional operation of state administration and, consequently, the validity of the designed model. Prispevek obravnava model merjenja strokovnosti delovanja državne uprave. Z vidika zanesljivega opravljanja državnih funkcij predstavlja strokovnost državne uprave enega od ciljev družbenih sprememb. Model merjenja strokovnosti državne uprave je zasnovan na podlagi teoretično-analitičnih ugotovitev. Sestavljen je iz treh vidikov, in sicer: zanesljivost državne uprave, strokovnost upravne stroke in usposobljenost zaposlenih. Vidik zanesljivosti vključuje element zakonitosti in ekonomske učinkovitosti, vidik strokovnosti temelji na pristojnosti, avtonomiji, znanju in odgovornosti, vidik usposobljenosti pa vključuje elemente vodenja in etike. Model je bil preizkušen v slovenski državni upravi. Rezultati raziskave potrjujejo povezavo med omenjenimi vidiki strokovnosti državne uprave in posledično veljavnost zasnovanega modela.

The circumstances arising in connection with the Covid-19 pandemic indicate that outbreaks are inevitable and that new pandemics are quite likely. Cities, just like people, need to protect themselves from pandemics. Therefore, the existing urban and spatial practices should be reconsidered. The aim of the study is to explore, by observation and literature review, the cities' readiness for possible pandemics or emergencies within the framework of the concept of urban immunity. Based on the elements necessary for the provision of immunity in humans, the requirements for urban immunity, the health of the infrastructure and superstructure of the soil, the resources and sustainability of a city, its resilience and growth control are discussed within the framework of urban management. In addition, the study identifies three indispensable actors for urban immunity: i) central governments, ii) local governments, and iii) citizens. Immunized cities can be defined as cities with healthy infrastructure and superstructure factors of urban soil aiming at economic and ecological sustainability that have achieved a planned and controlled growth momentum, governed by public policies created with the understanding of local welfare and democracy in cooperation with local governments, citizens, and the central government. The study is purely theoretical and focuses on universal urban immunity rather than on any country example, which constitutes the strength of the study. Okoliščine v zvezi s pandemijo covida-19 kažejo, da so izbruhi neizogibni in da so nove pandemije zelo verjetne. Pred njimi se morajo tako kot ljudje zaščititi tudi mesta, zato velja ponovno pretehtati obstoječe mestne in prostorske prakse. Cilj študije je raziskati pripravljenost mest na morebitne pandemije ali izredne razmere v okviru koncepta t. i. urbane imunosti. Na podlagi elementov, potrebnih za zagotavljanje imunosti pri ljudeh, članek v okviru upravljanja mest preučuje pogoje za urbano imunost, stanje infrastrukture, vire in trajnost mesta, njegovo odpornost in nadzorovano rast. Poleg tega opredeljuje tri nujne deležnike za doseganje urbane imunosti: i) državne oblasti, ii) lokalne oblasti in iii) državljane. Imunizirana mesta lahko opredelimo kot mesta z zdravo infrastrukturo, ki stremijo k ekonomski in ekološki trajnosti, dosegajo načrtovan in nadzorovan zagon rasti, urejajo javne politike, oblikovane z razumevanjem za lokalno blaginjo in demokracijo v sodelovanju z lokalnimi oblastmi, državljani in državo. Študija je zgolj teoretična in se osredotoča na zagotavljanje univerzalne urbane imunosti in ne na katero koli državo, kar je vsekakor njena prednost.

Republika Slovenija prepoznava potrebo po podpori športu in športnikom. S svojimi ukrepi vzpodbuja in zagotavlja ustrezne pogoje za razvoj športnikov tekom celotne kariere. Športnikom že v osnovni šoli olajšuje usklajevanje šolskih obveznosti ter tovrstne mehanizme še nadgrajuje pri športnikih dijakih in študentih. Obenem preko projektov sofinanciranja zagotavlja sredstva, ki posredno ter tudi neposredno spodbujajo športnikov razvoj. Država preko različnih elementov spodbuja tudi razvoj dvojne kariere, sprva predvsem na izobraževalnem, kasneje pa tudi na zaposlitvenem področju. Vrhunskim športnikom so na voljo tudi druge bonitete. Za tiste, ki izpolnjujejo pogoje, to predstavlja tudi možnost zaposlitve v državnih organih Republike Slovenije. Za vrhunske športnike je sistematiziranih 115 delovnih mest. Zaposluje jih Ministrstvo za obrambo – Slovenska vojska, Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve – Policija in Ministrstvo za finance – Finančna uprava. Cilji diplomske naloge so v teoretičnem delu predstaviti sistemske ukrepe na področju športa v Republiki Sloveniji ter opisati dosedanje zaposlovanje vrhunskih športnikov v državnih organih. V empiričnem delu pa s pomočjo kvalitativne raziskave preučiti ustreznost razvoja obravnavane tematike. Republic of Slovenia recognizes the necessity for supporting sport and athletes. State-developed measures encourage and enable appropriate conditions for the development of the athletes throughout their careers. Facilitation of school obligations for young athletes is enabled already in primary school. Such mechanisms are being further upgraded with continuation of the educational process. State provides funds in a form of co-financing projects that directly and indirectly motivate athlete’s development. The development of a dual career is also being encouraged through various elements, initially mainly on the area of education, but later also in the field of employment. Elite athletes are entitled to variety of bonuses one of them being the employment in state authorities of the Republic of Slovenia. There are 115 jobs systematized for elite athletes. Athletes are employed by the Ministry of Defence - Slovenian Armed Forces, the Ministry of the Interior - Police and the Ministry of Finance - Financial Administration. The aim of the theoretical part of the thesis is presentation of systemic measures in the field of sports in the Republic of Slovenia and description of the employment of top athletes in state authorities up to now. The main objective of the empirical part, conducted through qualitative research, is examination of the adequacy of the development of the subject matter.

Magistrsko delo obravnava vpliv več oblik fleksibilnosti na povečanje učinkovitosti državne uprave. Glavni del raziskave je ugotavljanje vpliva dveh oblik fleksibilnosti in sicer fleksibilnosti dela in organizacijske fleksibilnosti. Raziskava je bila opravljena na Ministrstvu za javno upravo s pomočjo spletnega anketnega vprašalnika. Iz rezultatov raziskave je razvidno, da sta obe postavki med seboj povezani ter bistveni za fleksibilnost in učinkovitost slovenske državne uprave. Ugotovljeno je, da obstajajo dodatne možnosti, s katerimi bi državna uprava postala bolj fleksibilna, da obstoječe normativne omejitve otežujejo implementacijo različnih oblik fleksibilnosti ter posledično vplivajo predvsem na organizacijsko fleksibilnost in fleksibilnost dela, kar vpliva na odzivnost in učinkovitost državne uprave. Rezultati raziskave kažejo na pomanjkanje upravne kulture v slovenski državni upravi, da vodilno osebje ne izkazuje primerne moralne integritete in ustrezne angažiranosti ter da se pri zaposlenih ugotavlja pomanjkanje ustrezne strokovne usposobljenosti in kompetenc, kar vpliva na implementacijo različnih oblik fleksibilnosti. To otežuje realizacijo nalog in zmanjšuje učinkovitost državne uprave. Raziskava je postavljena v mednarodni kontekst, s primerjavo prisotnosti različnih fleksibilnih oblik zaposlovanja v nizozemskem in v slovenskem javnem sektorju (in posledično v državni upravi) ter s primerjavo obstoječe zakonodaje. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je v nizozemskem javnem sektorju v uporabi večina na trgu dela prisotnih fleksibilnih oblik zaposlovanja oziroma dela, kar je podprto (za razliko od slovenskega javnega sektorja) z ustrezno zakonodajo, ki omogoča večjo pravno zaščito zaposlenih. Izpostavljena je skrb za človeške vire in zadovoljstvo zaposlenih. V zaključku magistrskega dela so predstavljeni vzroki za obstoječe stanje in podani predlogi za izboljšanje situacije. This master's thesis studies the effect of several different forms of flexibility on possible increase in the efficiency of the state administration. In the research, it was essential to determine the effect of two forms of flexibility on the efficiency of the state administration: work flexibility and organizational flexibility. The survey was conducted at the Ministry of Public Administration, using an online questionnaire. The results of the research show that both concepts are interlinked and essential for the flexibility and efficiency of the Slovenian state administration. It has been determined that there are additional possibilities to make the state administration more flexible. Furthermore, we found out that the existing normative constraints hinder the implementation of different forms of flexibility consequently, they affect the organizational flexibility and work flexibility, which is what has an impact on the responsiveness (flexibility) and the efficiency of the state administration. The results of the research confirm that there is a lack of administrative culture in the Slovene state administration, that the leading personnel do not show adequate moral integrity and proper engagement, and that a lack of adequate professional qualification and competences can be identified in the employees, which is what effects the implementation of various forms of flexibility. What is more, it also hinders the realization of tasks and reduces the efficiency of the state administration. The research was also put into the international context by comparing the presence of various flexible forms of employment in the Dutch and Slovenian public sector (and consequently, in the state administration) and the existing legislation. It was determined that the majority of flexible forms of employment that exist in the labour market are present in the Dutch public sector. Unlike in the Slovenian public sector and, consequently, in its state administration, these forms of employment are supported with the relevant legislation, which strives for a greater legal protection of employees. Special attention is paid to the human resources and employee satisfaction. The conclusion of the master's thesis presents the causes of the existing situation and presents suggestions for improvement of the situation.

Institut javnega pooblastila je v slovenskem pravnem redu že dolgo prisoten. Posledično lahko rečemo, da je to na splošno dobro urejen ter razdelan institut, ki kot tak ni povezan z večjo pravno problematiko. Na njegovo pomembnost nakazuje že umestitev ter ureditev v sami ustavnopravni materiji. V samem bistvu gre za prenos upravnih nalog na subjekte izven same državne uprave, ko to dopuščata razlog smotrosti ali odsotnost potrebe po stalnem političnem nadzoru nad opravljanjem določenih nalog. Dejanski tipi (u)pravnih nalog, ki bodo nosilcu javnega pooblastila zaupani, bodo seveda odvisni od specifične zakonske opredelitve in so zato lahko od primera do primera zelo različni. Hkrati se je potrebno zavedati, da v Sloveniji trenutno obstaja veliko različnih nosilcev javnih pooblastil in to na zelo različnih upravnih področjih. Ta razpršenost terja veliko področne zakonodaje, ki pa lahko isto tematiko (kot je npr. podelitev javnega pooblastila) ureja na zelo različne načine. Tako smo trenutno priča stanju, ko imamo hkrati primere z natančno razdelanim celotnim postopkom podelitve, ter na drugi strani primere, ko je ureditev te iste materije zelo pomanjkljiva ali pa kar napotuje na uporabo določb drugih (splošnih) zakonov. Kot najpomembnejša okoliščina, ki za sabo povleče določene razlike tako pri podelitvi kot pri odvzemu javnega pooblastila, pa je zagotovo samo dejstvo ali se javno pooblastilo podeli pravni osebni javnega prava ali subjektu druge pravnoformalne oblike. The legal construct of public authorisation has been present in the Slovenian legal order for quite some time. Consequently, we can say that this is a fairly well regulated and refined legal construct, which is not related to many legal issues. Its importance can be derived from the fact that it can be found in the Slovenian constitution, which also governs it. At its essence, this legal construct is a transfer of administrative tasks/functions onto entities which are not a part of State Administration, but only if the reason of efficiency or the lack of need for permanent political supervision allows this transfer. The actual types of administrative tasks being trusted to the holder of public authorisation will depend on the specific legal qualifications, which means that they can differ a lot from case to case. At the same time, we have be aware of the fact, that there are currently in Slovenia a lot of different holders of public authorisations, on many different areas of State Administration. This fragmentation requires a lot of sectoral legislation, which can regulate the same subject-matter (e.g. granting of public authorisation) in a very different manner. As a consequence, we are witnessing a legislative state where we have cases of detailed descriptions of the whole grant procedure, while on the other hand we also have legislation, which regulates the same subject-matter inadequately or it just refers to other (general) legislative acts. The most important circumstance, which is also the reason for certain differences in granting and withdrawal of public authorisation, is certainly the sole fact of whether the public authorisation is granted to legal person governed by public law or to any other subject/ legal or physical person.

Upravni postopek predstavlja pravila, po katerih morajo delovati organi, kadar odločajo v upravnih zadevah in ureja razmerja med državo in posameznikom oziroma skupino ljudi. Poznamo postopke, ki se vodijo po skrajšanem in postopke, ki se vodijo po posebnem ugotovitvenem postopku. Od tega je tudi odvisno, kakšni so roki za izdajo odločbe. Vedeti moramo, da se postopek začne z oddajo popolne vloge, zaključi pa z izdano odločbo ali sklepom. Namen naloge je, na podlagi podatkov iz evidenc upravnih enot, analizirati trajanje upravnih postopkov na upravnih enotah Laško, Kočevje, Piran in Ljutomer v letih 2015-2017 in dobljene rezultate med seboj primerjati. V nalogi sem uporabila opisno metodo za prebiranje zakonodaje in druge literature z obravnavanega področja ter analitično metodo za analiziranje podatkov. Ugotovila sem, da na upravnih enotah ni zamud v odločanju v upravnih postopkih ter da povprečni časi reševanja zadev niso odvisni od števila zadev in prav tako niso odvisni od števila zadev na posameznega uslužbenca. Kljub približno enakemu številu prebivalcev znotraj vsake upravne enote, je številčnost posameznih postopkov lahko zelo različna, zaradi česa je tudi težje izvesti primerjavo. Vsaka upravna enota mora po svoje urediti razporejenost uslužbencev glede na potrebe prebivalcev in se tako izogniti daljšim časom odločanja. The administrative procedure represents rules upon which the authorities need to act when deciding on administrative matters. It regulates the relations between the state and the individual or group of people. We are familiar with summary procedures and fact-finding proceedings. The deadlines for an issued decision depend on the aforementioned procedures. It is essential to know that the procedure starts with the submission of a complete application and ends with an issued decision or a procedural decision. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the duration of administrative procedures in administrative units Laško, Kočevje, Piran and Ljutomer in the years 2015-2017, based on the data from their records and compare the results. In the thesis I used descriptive research method for reading through legislation and other literature from the subject matter and analytical method for data analysis. The results show that there are no delays in the decision-making process in administrative procedures in administrative units. Also, the average time for solving cases does not depend on the number of cases or on the number of cases per individual employee. Despite the approximately equal number of residents within each administrative unit, the number of individual procedures can vary, making it more difficult to be compared. Each administrative unit must manage organising its employees according to the needs of the residents and in this way avoid longer time making a decision.

The Republic of Serbia represents an employer for civil servants and employees, for employees who perform tasks within the scope of state administration bodies, courts, public prosecutors' offices, for police officers as a separate category of civil servants, etc. The regulation of the labor legal status of these persons is also carried out through the conclusion of special collective agreements in addition to the normative. A significant part of the state administration is made up of public services that, by their significance and manner of carrying out tasks of general interest, as well as by the method of financing, represent the central level of the state that encompasses the entities which are responsible for the provision of predominantly non-market services which the state is obliged to provide in order to meet the general needs of its people. The concept of administration has been established as a profession of general interest. Administration carried out by the state authorities itself is viewed in a narrower sense, and when we look at the administration through public services or public administration, we have to bear in mind that non-state actors are also entrusted with administrative activities. Based on the nature of their work, state authorities have a significant administrative function in regulating tasks and prerequisites which are important for collective negotiations in the public sector. The state administration also carries out registration of social partners, tasks related to determining the representativeness of social partners, registration of collective agreements and decision-making on the extended effect of the collective agreement. Relevant authorities, councils, state administration boards and special organizations perform their activities through tripartite and bipartite social dialogue, and decisions are made by consensus. The state administration performs and ensures the performance of state functions important for collective negotiations in the public sector, conducts a procedure for obtaining the authority of representatives of state bodies and public services to start, negotiate and conclude a collective agreement. Also, the state administration has an active role in the process of registration of the collective agreements, as well as in the obligatory mediation and conciliation and arrangement of the minimum work process in activities of general interest. The state administration maintains the legal order and secures public interest through the procedure of concluding and applying collective agreements in the public sector. Through the realization of these activities, the participation of state entities in the conclusion of collective agreements opens the question of the legal nature of collective agreements, that is, leaves the possibility for the analysis and comparison of the collective agreement and the administrative contract. Collective agreement is a general act, but in its adoption, administrative-legal relationship is recognized as a significant relationship which is regulated by numerous norms of international and national law. Both contracts are concluded with the agreement of the contracting parties, and with the reduced authoritative function of the state administration. A particularly collective association of state bodies and public services can be considered as social acts that regulate rights, obligations and responsibilities from the employment of public sector employees, which contain mandatory and normative parts, but each is an autonomous source of labor law in the public sector.

Istraživački rad usredotočit će se na područje unapređenja komunikacije tijela državne uprave i trgovačkih društava kroz objedinjen centralizirano-decentraliziran program računovodstvenog poslovanja koji objedinjuje i pokriva sve sfere djelovanja poduzeća kao takvog te omogućuje lakši i jednostavniji rad, provedbu nadzora državnih institucija te doprinosi smanjenju troškova državne uprave i trgovačkih društava. Cilj ovog programa je omogućiti kvalitetno, konstruktivno i jasno poslovno okruženje kojim bi se olakšao rad obiju strana, smanjili troškovi, pojačala efektivnost i efikasnost poslovanja, olakšala korespondencija te sve ostale popratne mogućnosti koje bi sam program mogao ponuditi. Istraživanje će se provesti na području sjeverozapadne Hrvatske kroz anketni upitnik čiji će se odgovori analizirati te obraditi određenim statističkim metodama te će se na kraju donijeti zaključak. The research will focus on the area of improvement of communication between state administration bodies and companies through the unification of a centralized-decentralized accounting business program that unites and "covers" all the spheres of business activity as such and facilitates easier and simplier work, the implementation of oversight by state institutions contributes by reducing costs in state administration and companies. The goal of this program is to provide a quality, constructive and clear business environment that would facilitate both sides' work, reduce costs, amplifies the effectiveness and efficiency of the business, facilitate correspondence, and all other opportunities that this programe might offer. The survey will be conducted in the Northwestern Croatia through a survey questionnaire whose responses will be analyzed and processed using certain statistical methods and will bring a conclusion.

The subjects of this study are the effectiveness of budget innovations in the field budgetary rule making and the role of the government in shaping fiscal policy in a digital economy. The article makes a case for new approaches to budget formation, for the enhanced use of budgetary levers to boost socio-economic development in the context of global digitalization. In order to make the influence of social informatization on economic development more effective, the economy has to move to a flat (network) management model. The problems of budget control are analyzed., Predmet ove studije su učinkovitost proračunskih inovacija u izradi proračunskih pravila na terenu i uloga države u oblikovanju fiskalne politike u digitalnoj ekonomiji. U članku se razmatraju novi pristupi oblikovanju proračuna, poboljšano korištenje proračunskih poluga za poticanje socio-ekonomskog razvoja u kontekstu globalne digitalizacije. Kako bi učinak socijalne informatizacije na ekonomski razvoj bio djelotvorniji, gospodarstvo se mora preseliti u model ravnog (mrežnog) upravljanja. Analiziraju se problemi proračunske kontrole.

Javna uprava velja za nevtralen sistem, kjer spol zaposlenih ne bi smel igrati nobene vloge. Posledično je bil obravnavan le v redkih sklopih proučevanja javne uprave. Kljub temu se pri govoru o javni upravi vedno bolj pojavljajo vprašanja vezana na spol, npr. ali se v javni upravi povečuje delež žensk, kolikšen je njihov delež na visokih delovnih položajih ipd. V preteklosti so ženske zasedale nižje položaje, moški pa so prevladovali na vodilnih položajih. Tudi vojska in policija sta veljali za moški področji. Vse to se je čez čas spremenilo ženske so postale visoko izobražene, pričele so zasedati višje položaje, pot pa se jim je odprla tudi v vojski in policiji. Z opisanim povezujemo izraz feminizacija, ki označuje pojav naraščanja števila žensk v določeni dejavnosti in je ena izmed glavnih tem pričujočega diplomskega dela. Raziskovalni izziv je predstavljalo vprašanje, ali je v slovenski državni upravi kot jedru javne uprave prisoten pojav feminizacije. Namen diplomskega dela je bil prikazati gibanje zaposlovanja žensk v slovenski državni upravi skozi določeno časovno obdobje, in sicer od leta 2006 do 2016. Prav tako je bil namen prikazati zaposlovanje žensk na vodilnih položajih v slovenski državni upravi in na delovnih mestih, kjer so bili v preteklosti večinsko zaposleni pripadniki moškega spola. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je v celotni slovenski državni upravi delež moških še vedno večji od ženskega, vendar pa je razlika med njima manjša, kot je bila v preteklosti. Povečalo pa se je število in delež žensk na vodilnih položajih slovenske državne uprave v Slovenski vojski in policiji. Public administration is, supposedly, a neutral system where gender of employees shouldn’t be allowed to play any kind of role – consequently, its perspective wasn’t used in many researches about public administration. Despite all that, there are more and more questions regarding gender when it comes to talking about public administration – is the quota of women in public administration rising, what is their share in higher positions and so on. In the past females were found on lower job positions, while males were dominating on higher, leading positions. The army and police force were also known to be reserved for me. All these things have changed through the years. Women became highly educated, they started to fill higher, leading positions, they even started to entry the army and the police force. The expression »feminization« marks the occurrence of number of women increasing in a certain field is one of the main topics of this work. The research challenge was presented by the question if the occurrence of feminization is present in Slovene central administration, which presents the core of public administration. Main goal of the research is to establish the movement of employing women in Slovene state administration trough a set period of time – from 2006 to 2016. The goal is also to show the employing of women on leading positions in Slovene central administration and in fields, that in the past were mostly dominated by males. The research that incorporates the results for the era between 2006 and 2016 shows, that the male share in whole Slovene central administration is still bigger that the women share, however, they are fairly close. The numbers and shares of women on leading positions, the Slovene army and the police force grew.

Predmet ovog završnog rada je ustroj državne uprave u Republici Hrvatskoj. Pravilan ustroj državne uprave glavni je preduvjet za djelotvorno provođenje zakonskih i podzakonskih akata, a uvjeti za učinkovitost stvaraju se ako je sama državna uprava u skladu s europskim i svjetskim standardima, a tome se u Republici Hrvatskoj pridaje velika pažnja. Unutarnje ustrojstvo državne uprave u Republici Hrvatskoj propisuje Vlada što znači da je predmet ovoga rada promatran u skladu s Vladinim glavnim načelima, ustroju i funkcioniraju. Svako tijelo državne uprave se analizira po razdobljima kako je dolazilo do izmjena i dopuna Zakona o sustavu državne uprave, a u cilju kako bi se dobio detaljniji uvid u sustav državne uprave te su obrađeni svi dostupni i relevantni izvori. The topic of this paper is the organization of state administration in The Republic of Croatia. A proper organization of state administration is the main prerequisite for a functional conduct of subordinate and legal acts, and the conditions for effectiveness are met if the state administration itself is in concordance with European and world standards, which are being closely adhered to in The Republic of Croatia. The internal organization of state administration in The Republic of Croatia is decreed by the Croatian Government, which means that the topic of this paper is approached in accordance with the Government's main principles, organization and function. Each department of state administration is analyzed by periods of changes and addendums to the State Administration System Act, with the goal of gaining a more detailed insight into the state administration system. All relevant and available sources were consulted.

Magistrsko delo tematizira eno izmed zelo pomembnih področij v državni upravi – upravljanje in vodenje s človeškimi viri, saj zaposleni predstavljajo eno izmed glavnih vodil oziroma premoženj, ki jih ima vsaka organizacija. V magistrskem delu sem se poleg teoretičnega vidika, fokusiral predvsem na analizo upravljanja in vodenja človeških virov na primeru Ministrstva za izobraževanje, znanost in šport. Izbrano tematiko sem preučil predvsem v kontekstu naslednjih elementov: zaposlovanje in odpuščanje, karierni razvoj in napredovane, izobraževanje in usposabljanje, plačno poltiko in nagrajevanje ter mobilnost kadrov. Omenjene elemente upravljanja in vodenja s človeškimi viri na Ministrstvu sem podrobno analiziral na podlagi zakonov in regulativ, ki urejajo izbrano področje: Zakon o javnih uslužbencih, Zakon o delavcih v državni upravi, Zakon o razmerjih plač v javnih zavodih, državnih organih in v organih lokalnih skupnosti, ter regulativ znotraj samega Ministrstva. Na podlagi empirične analize, ki sem jo opravil, lahko zaključimo, da je ključna sprememba pri upravljanju s človeškimi viri predvsem premik pozornosti od upravljanja in spremljanja k osredotočanju na dosežke in rezultate, kar tudi potrjuje zastavljeno hipotezo magistrskega dela. The master thesis deals with one of the most important areas in the state administration - human resources management, since employees represent one of the main guides or assets that each organization has. Apart from a theoretical point of view, I concentrated in the master's thesis on the analysis of the management of human resources on the example of the Ministry of Education, Science and Sport. I examined the selected topic in the context of the following elements: employment and dismissal, career development and advanced education, training, pay policy and remuneration and staff mobility. The above elements of human resources management in the Ministry have been analyzed in detail on the basis of the laws and regulations governing the chosen field: Civil Servants Act, the Act on Workers in the State Administration, the Law on Wage Ratio in Public Institutions, State Bodies and Local Authorities communities, and regulations within the Ministry itself. Based on the empirical analysis I have performed, we can conclude that the key change in human resources management is the shifting of focus from management and monitoring to focus on achievements and results, which also confirms the hypothesis of the master's thesis.

Politički savjetnici obilježje su suvremene državne uprave. Predstavljaju osobe koje temeljem imenovanja prema nedefiniranim kriterijima pružaju savjete ministru ili premijeru u pogledu javnih politika, političkih aspekata i koordinacije ili odnosa s javnošću. Dolaze i odlaze s ministrom, a njihov je status u pravilu nejednako reguliran u pojedinim državama, ako je uopće i reguliran. Javljaju se zbog promjena u upravljanju, potrebe za jačanjem koordinacije, vodstva i strategije kao i odgovora na intenziviranje komunikacija. Dovode do promjena u odnosu između politike i uprave u državnoj upravi, a osnovne zamjerke i nepovjerenje javnosti proizlaze iz netransparentnosti, izostanka regulacije i nedostatka odgovornosti. U radu se razmatraju razlozi zbog kojih politički savjetnici postaju neizostavan dio ministarskih kabineta, analiziraju se pojam, vrste i funkcije političkih savjetnika te opisuju posljedice i ključni elementi koncepta. Naglašava se važnost uređenja statusa političkih savjetnika i transparentnosti radi osiguravanja ostvarivanja javnog interesa i povjerenja javnosti u institucije., These days political advisors are indispensable to state administration. They are appointed to their positions to advise ministers and the prime minister on public policy, various political aspects and coordination, or on public relations and aspects of communication. Their appointments depend on the minister’s term of office. Political advisors are not part of the civil service and different states take different approaches, if any at all, to regulating their status. The need for political advisors arises in conjunction with changes in management, the need to strengthen coordination, leadership and strategy, as well as the need to address a growing intensity of communication. Political advisors constitute a new factor in the dynamic between politicians and civil servants, and they bring about changes in the relationship between politics and administration. They generate a mistrust among the general public, due to a lack of transparency and accountability, as well as the fact that, as a rule, their position is governed by specific regulations, if any at all. Conflict of interest, in particular, is a cause for concern. The paper examines the reasons why political advisors may become key members of ministerial cabinets, analyses the concept of the political advisor and their various types and functions, and describes the consequences and key elements of the concept. Trends in some countries are also included.