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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the Covid-19 pandemic that has marked the last years, while governments tried to control the spread of the virus, many-body donation programs were suspended due to difficulties that could potentially be encountered. Given the low body donation acceptance rates during this period, through this study we aimed to evaluate academics' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in cadaver acceptance and embalming practices during the pandemic. The research population of the study consisted of the faculty of 112 universities in Turkey who taught in under graduate and graduate programs in the Anatomy Department in 2020. An electronic questionnaire of 24 items, including demographic data, was distributed to the participants' official e-mail addresses. In addition, support was received from the Turkish Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy Society, whose members were also approached through their official group e-mail accounts. Answers were collected from 78 (39 %) out of 200 academics. The findings of the study were under 5 headings (ınformation about cadaver donation and ımported cadavers, attitude towards ımportation of cadavers and acceptance of body donations, precautions against contagion in ımportation of cadavers and acceptance of body donations and thoughts on their adequacy, considerations for adoption of cadavers for post-graduation education, advice on avoiding contagion in cadaver embalming) were collected and analyzed. The study high lights the importance of cadaver acceptance and embalming practices for medical education to minimally continue in the post-pandemic period. It can also serve as a reference for being cautious when faced with similar situations in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In Argentina, most of the universities have deficiency of corpses. Medicine and Dentistry regularly use corpses for Anatomy teaching-learning. This fact motivated a particular consideration in our study to determine the attitude of different groups in relation to body donation. Our objective was to show the observed differences between professionals graduated of these both careers as important participants to develop a donation program. This is a qualitative transversal and relational study based on an anonymous survey with multiple choice and semistructured responses. The survey was addressed to physicians and dentists selected by hazard. The questionnaire included demographic data and others associated to the importance of corpses for teachinglearning and the attitude to donation. There were differences among the surveyed professionals in their will to donate. There were no differences by sex, geographic origin, religion or surgical practice. We observed statistical significant differences associated to the speciality, importance assigned to the corpses for Anatomy teaching-learning, the attitude to organs donation for transplantation and knoledge on donation, influencing as well organ and whole body donation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corpses for teaching and research in Anatomy are fundamental, even having high developed technological resources. Although the National University of Cordoba is receiving bodies by donation, the quantity is very scarce and it barely allows the pre-graduate teaching activities, using prosected specimens for practical activities. It is essential to develop a donation program to increase body supply. The objective of the present study is to obtain data about the attitude of Medicine students in relation to body procurement and donation. We collected demographic data to provided a framework for analysis and specific data on organ and body donation. Samples from students of each and all years of the career were considered. For the 97% of the students cadavers were very important to study Anatomy. Most of the total students (94%) should be willing to donate their organs for transplantation, 84% were interested in getting more information on body donation, 42% should donate their own body and 75% could participate in procurement actions. Women were more willing to donate their organs than men, while men were more willing to donate their own bodies. Students who did not profess any religion had better attitude to donation. Medicine students from the National University of Cordoba have evidenced an important commitment to donation not only of organs but also of whole body because they recognize their importance, care future generations and have high values like altruism and solidarity. La utilización de cuerpos humanos para docencia e investigación en el pre y posgrado resultan imprescindibles en Anatomía, aún disponiendo de tecnología de avanzada. Si bien la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba está recibiendo cuerpos por donación, la cantidad es muy escasa y apenas permite desarrollar las actividades docentes de pre-grado, usando preparados disecados para las actividades prácticas. Resulta imprescindible desarrollar un programa de donación para incrementar la provisión de cuerpos. El presente estudio pretende obtener datos que permitan conocer la actitud de los estudiantes de Medicina en relación a la procuración y donación de cuerpos. Se recabaron datos demográficos que brindaron un marco para el análisis y datos específicos sobre donación de órganos para trasplante y de cuerpos. Se consideraron muestras de alumnos correspondientes a todos los años de la carrera. Para el 97% los cuerpos son importantes para aprender Anatomía. El 94% donaría sus órganos para trasplante, al 84% le interesaría disponer de más información, el 42% donaría su propio cuerpo y el 75% participaría en un programa de procuración. Las mujeres tuvieron mayor disposición a la donación de órganos para trasplante, mientras que los varones hacia la donación de cuerpos (BD) para docencia e investigación. Quienes no profesan ninguna religión fueron más positivos hacia la BD. Los estudiantes de Medicina evidenciaron un importante compromiso con la donación tanto para trasplante como de cuerpos completos, porque reconocen la importancia de ambos, se preocupan por las generaciones futuras y cuentan con valores como el altruismo y la solidaridad.

Medicine and Dentistry are the only careers performing human body dissection and teaching-learning of Anatomy with cadaveric material in our university. Physicians and dentists' knowledge and opinion on the topic are particularly important because they could be considered as potential procurators due to their contact and influence on patient's decisions. We surveyed 528 professionals (429 physicians and 99 dentists) collecting some demographic data and questions about organ and whole body donation. Results showed that 94% should donate organs for transplantation, 66% knew about body donation, 66% was interested in further information and 48% should be willing to donate the own body for teaching and research. Main reasons to donate were to support teaching and research, contribute to the science and to be useful. In conclusion, we found that professionals had a very positive attitude in relation to body donation, independently of gender, age, religion, regional origin or specialities, but with significant differences between physicians and dentists. Compared with students, they had better attitude which could be related to a better information and experience. In comparison with the few published articles we found, our results were similar to Ireland and very different to India, improving our expectances about the success of developing a donation program. Organ and body donation are always an act of altruism and social solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica is the property of Asociacion Argentina de Anatomia Clinica (Revista Argentina de Anatomia Clinica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Student's perceptions in the dissection-room and the relationship with the teaching staff determine their affinity with Anatomy and their introduction in the medical career. Our objective was to evaluate three different instances of the relation student/dissectionroom during the Anatomy course, the importance students assigned to the corpses, symptoms and emotions associated to the dissection-room, their causes and also participants' attitudes to the own body donation. Three surveys: initial perception, reactions by the first contact with the corpses and further evolution were performed to 237 first year students. Sixty three per cent were women and 97% argentine, of whom 59% were from Cordoba province and the rest for nearly all the country provinces. Hundred per cent considered very important Anatomy for the career and corpses for Anatomy. For 91% dissection should be compulsory for first year medical students. Most often physical reactions were ocular and nasal irritation, while the most frequent emotions were enthusiasm and surprise, due mainly to corpse and dissection-room smell. Coping strategies to those reactions were: to focus on the topic, to watch the corpse as an object, to relax, humor and others. The will to donate the own body varied from 57% to 49% and 52%. Those percentages were not statistically different (p=0.1606), but higher than others in the literature. Influence of the corpse exposition on the attitude to donation seems to be less important than other articles; probably because our students do not dissect by themselves or because they recognize a great need of corpses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Para esta segunda parte se realizó una amplia invitación. Publicamos los aportes de destacados autores cuya generosa contribución al Debate lo jerarquiza. Las preguntas enviadas por el Dr. Thambi Dorai fueron enviadas a los participantes del Debate inicial y sus respuestas incluidas en el presente artículo. A wide spread invitation was distributed for this second part. We are publishing some generous contributions from relevant authors which hierarchized the Debate. Questions sent by Dr. Thambi Dorai were envied to all the participants in the initial Debate and their answers included in the current article.

El estudio consistió en evaluar el impacto que tiene en los estudiantes de primer año de Medicina el contacto inicial con el cadáver, tanto en trastornos físicos como emocionales, su modificación en el transcurso del cursado y la incidencia que tendría en su voluntad de donar el propio cuerpo o al propiciar la donación por parte de terceras personas. Se realizó mediante una encuesta con respuestas de múltiples opciones y algunas semiestructuradas, en una muestra de 191 estudiantes de primer año de Medicina. Casi la totalidad acordaron en la importancia del cadáver para el estudio de la Anatomía y de ésta para la carrera médica. Los síntomas más frecuentes manifestados por el primer contacto con el cuerpo fueron irritación ocular (54%), congestión o irritación nasal (52%) y olor desagradable (28%); mientras que las emociones más referidas fueron entusiasmo (38%) y sorpresa (25%). Se adjudicaron principalmente al olor de la sala (40%) y del cadáver (55%), y para superar estos trastornos los recursos más empleados fueron: centrarse en el tema (39%), ver el cuerpo como un objeto (29%) y el humor (20%). Solo el 29% donaría su cuerpo y el 83% donaría sus órganos para trasplante; a pesar que el 80% considera que los estudiantes de primer año deberían disecar y el 73% querría ser ayudante en la cátedra. Reconocen que falta información y concientización sobre la donación de cuerpos para docencia e investigación en Anatomía y consideramos que es imprescindible contar con un programa de procuración y donación. Our objective was the evaluation of first year Medicine student’s perception at their first contact with the corpse in the dissection room. We considered as well physical and emotional aspects, change during the Anatomy course, impact on their will to donate the own body or propitiate other people’s donation. The study consisted on a survey with multiple choice and semi-structured responses, on a sample of 191 first year medical students. Nearly all agreed in the importance of corpses to study Anatomy and Anatomy for the medicine career. Most frequent symptoms on the first contact were ocular irritation (54%), nasal congestion (52%) and unpleasant smell (28%); while mostly mentioned emotions were enthusiasm (38%) and surprise (25%). Those perceptions were mainly caused by the room (40%) and the cadaver (55%) smell, and the resources used to endure them were: focus on the topic (39%), consider the body as an object (29%) and humor (20%). Only 29% of students should donate their own bodies and 83% should donate their organs for transplantation; instead 80% consider that first year students should dissect by themselves and 73% should like to be student-assistants at the Anatomy Chair. They recognize the lack in information on body donation for teaching and research in Anatomy, and we consider it is absolutely necessary a program for procurement and donation.

Los autores son un grupo de profesores de Anatomía, que pensamos representativo de la realidad argentina y latinoamericana, que relatarán la situación de sus universidades en lo referente a la utilización de material cadavérico para la enseñanza de la Anatomía. La importancia que le adjudican a la disección o al material disecado para la enseñanza-aprendizaje, la disponibilidad de cuerpos, su origen y si cuentan con programas para la procuración y/o donación, son algunos de los aspectos abordados. Seguramente podrán comprobar que existen aspectos comunes y algunos notoriamente diferentes. El objetivo de este Debate es conocer la realidad de países con una idiosincrasia similar, aprender de las experiencias positivas y negativas, y propiciar el avance en un tema en que, Argentina en particular y Latinoamérica en general, está muy retrasada. Authors are a group of professors of Anatomy we considered to be representative of argentine and latin-american reality, who will expose their university situation in relation to the use of cadaveric material for teaching in Anatomy. Some of the treated topics are the importance of dissection and dissected material for teaching and learning, bodies availability, their origin and if their universities have programs for body procurement and donation. Readers will certainly identify some common aspects and some notorious differences. The Debate objective is to get information on the reality of countries with similar idiosyncracy, to learn on other’s positive and negative experiences, and to propitiate the development in this topic in which Argentina and Latin-America are delayed.

Copyright of Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica is the property of Asociacion Argentina de Anatomia Clinica (Revista Argentina de Anatomia Clinica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica is the property of Asociacion Argentina de Anatomia Clinica (Revista Argentina de Anatomia Clinica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica is the property of Asociacion Argentina de Anatomia Clinica (Revista Argentina de Anatomia Clinica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)