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The intricate nature of carbohydrate structures has prompted the scientific community to seek efficient protocols for their manipulation. Lengthy synthetic pathways, often necessary to achieve complex sugar structures, pose challenges not only in terms of time and cost but also regarding environmental sustainability. Consequently, domino transformations serve as valuable tools in streamlining drug discovery processes. Sequential procedures involving fewer steps and minimal isolation/purification steps are particularly appealing to organic chemists in the field of carbohydrate chemistry. This review highlights several examples of domino transformations applied to carbohydrates, aiming to summarize their chemical potential in delivering sugar‐based compounds with significant applications in the generation of new chemical scaffolds for drug discovery and chemical biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propp recently introduced regions in the hexagonal grid called benzels and stated several enumerative conjectures about the tilings of benzels using two types of prototiles called stones and bones. We resolve two of his conjectures and prove some additional results that he left tacit. In order to solve these problems, we first transfer benzels into the square grid. One of our primary tools, which we combine with several new ideas, is a bijection (rediscovered by Stanton and White and often attributed to them although it is considerably older) between \(k\)-ribbon tableaux of certain skew shapes and certain \(k\)-tuples of Young tableaux.Mathematics Subject Classifications: 05B45, 05A15, 05A17Keywords: Tiling, benzel, abacus bijection, core partition, domino, stone, bone

Hydrogen refueling stations are increasingly being built in densely populated urban areas and operating under high temperature and pressure conditions. Therefore, the safety of hydrogen refueling stations has received great attention. In present work, a new dynamic quantitative risk assessment method is established for hydrogen leakage at refueling stations based on Bayesian networks (BN). Firstly, risk factors are identified using a fault tree, considering multiple equipment operating states. A Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) is established, and event tree analysis is combined to determine accident consequence probabilities. Furthermore, a Bayesian Domino Model is constructed to assess the impact of accident consequence propagation on the probability and risk of hydrogen leakage accidents. Through a typical case study of an off-site hydrogen refueling station, the practicality of the proposed method is validated, the risk factors and safety barriers, the dynamic evolution of hydrogen leakage probabilities within a three-year period are obtained. The probability of hydrogen leakage in hydrogen station is 2.69 × 10−2 in the first month and 2.45 × 10−2 in the 36th month. Simultaneously, the maximum personal risk value for the first month is 5.07 × 10−4. When the Domino effect is considered, the maximum accident probability is 1.96 × 10−3 is obtained in the first month, and the equipment unit with the greatest impact of the accident is A2. Measures were also proposed to reduce hydrogen leakage risks during the operation of off-site hydrogen refueling stations, with an emphasis on prioritizing safety measures for hydrogen storage bundles and risk mitigation strategies. [Display omitted] • Risk assessment for supply at tube trailers hydrogen refueling stations was finished. • DBN for hydrogen leakage and BN for the accident domino effect were established. • The dynamic probability, key risk factors and safety barriers were obtained. • The probability of the accident domino effect at various levels were proposed. • Individual risk values and ranges of accident damage zones were confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Domino liver transplant (DLT) represents another type of liver donor to expand the donor pool. Recent reports of successful DLT in children with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) show promising long‐term outcomes. Methods: It was a retrospective study. All children with MSUD were paired with either recipients with end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) or non‐MSUD metabolic disease. Each pair underwent simultaneous liver transplant (LT), where the MSUD recipient received the graft from a living‐related donor and the liver explanted from the MSUD donor was transplanted to the respective paired domino recipient. We report our experience regarding the techniques and outcomes of DLT at our center. Results: Eleven children with MSUD and 12 respective DLT recipients were enrolled, one of which was domino split‐liver transplantation. DLT recipients included seven ESLD, two propionic acidemia (PA), one glycogen storage disease(GSD) type‐1, one GSD type‐3, and one Citrullinemia. Post‐LT ICU and hospital stays were comparable (p >.05). Patient and graft survival was 100% and 66.6% in the MSUD group and DLT recipients at a mean follow‐up of 13.5 and 15 months. There was no death in the MSUD group as compared to four in the DLT group. The amino acid levels rapidly normalized after the LT in the children with MSUD and they tolerated the normal unrestricted diet. No vascular, biliary, or graft‐related complications were seen in the post‐transplant period. No occurrence of MSUD was noted in DLT recipients. Conclusion: DLTs have excellent post‐surgical outcomes. DLT should be strongly considered and adopted by transplant programs worldwide to circumvent organ shortage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review presents a comprehensive overview of transition-metal-catalyzed domino reactions of strained bicyclic alkenes, including both homo- and heterobicyclic alkenes. These compounds are important synthons in organic synthesis, providing an important platform for the construction of biologically/medicinally significant compounds which bear multiple stereocenters. The review has been divided according to the metal used in the reaction. An overview of the substrate scope, reaction conditions, and their potential applications in organic synthesis is discussed. A comprehensive outlook on the reactivity paradigms of homo- and heterobicyclic alkenes is discussed and should shed light on future directions for further development in this field.

This study deals with the synthesis of the regioselective and facile domino one-pot four-component reaction of 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehydes, 1, 3-cyclodione compounds (as cyclic active methylene), ethyl acetoacetate (as β-keto ester), and hydrazine hydrate in the presence of DABCO as a homogeneous organocatalyst yielding a novel series of 4H-pyrano[2, 3-b]quinolones. This multicomponent reaction has some advantages; the significant one is C–O bond formation under metal-free conditions. Other benefits include simple procedure, mild and green condition, high yield, easy purification, and excellent regioselectivity. All polycyclic products (7a–k, 11 new compounds) were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes are involved in nucleosome sliding and eviction and/or the incorporation of histone variants into chromatin to facilitate several cellular and biological processes, including DNA transcription, replication and repair. The DOM/TIP60 chromatin remodeling complex of Drosophila melanogaster contains 18 subunits, including the DOMINO (DOM), an ATPase that catalyzes the exchange of the canonical H2A with its variant (H2A.V), and TIP60, a lysine-acetyltransferase that acetylates H4, H2A and H2A.V histones. In recent decades, experimental evidence has shown that ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors, in addition to their role in chromatin organization, have a functional relevance in cell division. In particular, emerging studies suggested the direct roles of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex subunits in controlling mitosis and cytokinesis in both humans and D. melanogaster. However, little is known about their possible involvement during meiosis. The results of this work show that the knockdown of 12 of DOM/TIP60 complex subunits generates cell division defects that, in turn, cause total/partial sterility in Drosophila males, providing new insights into the functions of chromatin remodelers in cell division control during gametogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed a domino logic namely "Gated Clock and Revised Keeper (GCRK)" domino logic 16 nm CMOS technology. The proposed domino logic has a revised keeper circuitry to reduce the power consumption in the circuit. A multiplexer is added in the GCRK design for gating the clock signal during sleep mode while maintaining the state of the domino logic. Total power consumption, delay and power-delay-product (PDP) of 16-bit OR gate GCRK domino logic and existing domino logic designs are calculated and compared. The existing domino logic techniques considered in this paper are – Leakage tolerant multiphase keeper domino logic (LTMK), high-speed domino logic (HSD), clock delayed sleep mode domino logic (CDSMD), grounded pmos keeper domino logic (GPKD) and foot driven stack transistor domino logic (FDSTDL). The proposed design shows significant improvement in PDP with respect to the existing designs. The PDP of proposed design (LTMK) is improved to 99.98%, 88.75%, 11.54% and 37.11% as compared to LTMK, HSD, GPDK and FDSTDL designs, respectively. Noise analysis and Monte Carlo simulation show that the proposed design is immune to noise and reliable under different parametric variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physics learning should be student center. Students used as learning centers impact their understanding of the material or concepts being taught. However, students do not get to learn like that. It impacts students’ low level of understanding of physics concepts, especially the concept of motion. An alternative solution to this is using dominoes and ladders in physics learning. This study examines the effect of using two learning media (dominos and ladder snakes) on the understanding of physics concepts of class X students at MAN 1 Sumbawa. This type of research is quasi-experimental with a posttest-only design. The research sample was obtained using a purposive sampling technique. The number of research respondents was 138 students, who were divided into two experimental groups. Experimental Group 1 used domino media, and Experimental Group 2 used snakes and ladders media. The data collection instrument used was a concept understanding test in the form of filling in and multiple choice given after the treatment was given. The results showed that the domino group better understood the concept than the snakes and ladders group. The parametric prerequisite test shows that the students’ conceptual comprehension data is homogeneous and not normally distributed. The hypothesis test results show that the data’s significance value is less than 0.05. It can be concluded that there are significant differences in understanding the concept of motion between the domino group and the snakes and ladders group. Applying the domino game in physics learning is better than the snakes and ladders game in maximizing the students’ understanding of the concept of motion in MAN 1 Sumbawa.

An organocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of dihydrofuran‐spirooxindoles has been developed. Dioxindoles and trans‐α‐cyano‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones were engaged as the reaction partners in this method. The desired products were obtained via bifunctional squaramide catalyzed Michael reaction followed by Pinner reaction and isomerization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arranged paths of dominoes have many shapes. The scaling law for the propagation speed of domino toppling has been extensively investigated. However, in all previous investigations the scaling law for the velocity of domino toppling motion in curved lines was not taken into account. In this study, the finite-element analysis (FEA) program ABAQUS was used to discuss the scaling law for the propagation speed of domino toppling motion in curved lines. It is shown that the domino propagation speed has a rising trend with increasing domino spacing in a straight line. It is also found that domino propagation speed is linearly proportional to the square root of domino separation. This research proved that the scaling law for the speed of domino toppling motion given by Sun [Scaling law for the propagation speed of domino toppling. AIP Adv. 2020;10(9):095124] is true. Moreover, the shape of domino arrangement paths has no influence on the scaling law for the propagation speed of dominoes, but can affect the coefficient of the scaling law for the velocity. Therefore, the amendatory function for the propagation speed of dominoes in curved lines was formulated by the FEA data. On one hand, the fitted amendatory function, φrevise{\varphi }_{{\rm{revise}}}, provides the simple method for a domino player to quickly estimate the propagation speed of dominoes in curved lines; on the other hand, it is the rationale for the study of the domino effect.

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media domino sebagai media pembelajaran Biologi pada materi sistem koordinasi untuk siswa kelas XI SMA/MA. Data penelitian berupa data kelayakan media yang diambil dari hasil validasi ahli media, materi, bahasa, respon guru dan respon siswa. Pengambilan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen berupa angket validasi ahli media, materi, bahasa, respon guru serta respon siswa. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil validasi menunjukkan penilaian ahli materi memperoleh persentase sebesar 75 persen dengan kriteria layak, ahli bahasa sebesar 82,2 persen dengan kriteria sangat layak, ahli media sebesar 78 persen dengan kriteria layak, respon guru biologi 76,4 persen dengan kriteria layak, dan respon siswa sebesar 83,5 persen dengan kriteria sangat layak. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa media dominasi layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran biologi khususnya materi sistem koordinasi untuk kelas XI SMA/MA. Abstract. This study aims to develop domino media as a learning media for biology in the coordination system material for class XI SMA / MA students. The research data is in the form of media feasibility data taken from the validation results of media experts, material, language, teacher responses and student responses. Retrieval of data in this study using instruments in the form of validation questionnaires for media experts, materials, language, teacher responses and student responses. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. The validation results showed that the material expert's assessment obtained a percentage of 75 percent with proper criteria, 82.2 percent of language experts with very feasible criteria, 78 percent of media experts with proper criteria, 76.4 percent of biology teacher responses with proper criteria, and student responses amounted to 83.5 percent with very feasible criteria. The results obtained indicate that the media of dominance is suitable for use as a media for learning biology, especially the material for the coordination system for class XI SMA / MA.

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes are involved in nucleosome sliding and eviction and/or the incorporation of histone variants into chromatin to facilitate several cellular and biological processes, including DNA transcription, replication and repair. The DOM/TIP60 chromatin remodeling complex of Drosophila melanogaster contains 18 subunits, including the DOMINO (DOM), an ATPase that catalyzes the exchange of the canonical H2A with its variant (H2A.V), and TIP60, a lysine-acetyltransferase that acetylates H4, H2A and H2A.V histones. In recent decades, experimental evidence has shown that ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors, in addition to their role in chromatin organization, have a functional relevance in cell division. In particular, emerging studies suggested the direct roles of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex subunits in controlling mitosis and cytokinesis in both humans and D. melanogaster. However, little is known about their possible involvement during meiosis. The results of this work show that the knockdown of 12 of DOM/TIP60 complex subunits generates cell division defects that, in turn, cause total/partial sterility in Drosophila males, providing new insights into the functions of chromatin remodelers in cell division control during gametogenesis.

This work reports a systematic mechanistic study on the domino cycloaddition reaction of symmetric and asymmetric 1,3,4 oxadiazoles OD and substituted variants with strained and unstrained cycloalkenes. The investigations were carried out using hybrid density functionals M06-2X, B3LYP and MPWB1K in conjunction with split valence triple zeta basis set 6-311++G(d,p). The domino cycloaddition reaction stereoselectively leads to the formation of either the cis or trans polycyclic domino adduct with fascinating synthetic features owing to the ubiquity of these structures in a broad range of natural products and pharmaceuticals. The cycloaddition reactions proceed through a rate-determining [4 + 2] cycloaddition between the OD and cycloalkene to form an isolable adduct (although not necessary to isolate the intermediates in domino cycloadditions). The Diels–Alder adduct easily undergo extrusion of nitrogen gas, N2 (retro [3 + 2]) to form a highly unstable carbonyl ylide. The pseudodiradical TAC (carbonyl ylide) undergoes a rapid [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction with a cycloalkene to furnish the domino polycyclic adduct. The results reported herein are in excellent agreement with previous experimental works and provide further insights for future experiments. The domino cycloaddition reaction is stereoselective toward the cis isomer when highly strained unsaturated bicyclic alkene (norbornene) reacts with the asymmetric OD and stereoselective toward trans-isomer when unstrained cycloalkenes with less (angle) strain react with the asymmetric OD. Cyclooctene is found to participate in the domino process with its cis conformer which was hitherto unknown. Global electron density transfer (GEDT) analysis reveals the polar nature of the domino scheme of reactions. Overall, the feasibility of these domino cycloaddition reactions depends on the polar nature of the first [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions, which depends on the electrophilic and nucleophilic character of the participating reagents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domino is a game that is very well known by the world community. The basic algorithm for creating a domino game application is described in this research. The system will provide a graphical user interface, where the user will perform all the tasks. The result of this research is the creation of an interesting domino game application for users to play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) plays a central role in regulation of coat color determination in various species and is commonly referred to as the “E (extension) Locus”. Allelic variation of the MC1R gene is associated with coat color phenotypes E M (melanistic mask), E G (grizzle/domino) and e 1–3 (recessive red) in dogs. In addition, a previous study of archeological dog specimens over 10,000 years of age identified a variant p.R301C in the MC1R gene that may have influenced coat color of early dogs. Results Commercial genotyping of 11,750 dog samples showed the R301C variant of the MC1R gene was present in 35 breeds or breed varieties, at an allele frequency of 1.5% in the tested population. We detected no linkage disequilibrium between R301C and other tested alleles of the E locus. Based on current convention we propose that R301C should be considered a novel allele of the E locus, which we have termed e A for “e ancient red”. Phenotype analysis of owner-provided dog pictures reveals that the e A allele has an impact on coat color and is recessive to wild type E and dominant to the e alleles. In dominant black (K B /*) dogs it can prevent the phenotypic expression of the K locus, and the expressed coat color is solely determined by the A locus. In the absence of dominant black, e A /e A and e A /e genotypes result in the coat color patterns referred to in their respective breed communities as domino in Alaskan Malamute and other Spitz breeds, grizzle in Chihuahua, and pied in Beagle. Conclusions This study demonstrates a large genotype screening effort to identify the frequency and distribution of the MC1R R301C variant, one of the earliest mutations captured by canine domestication, and citizen science empowered characterization of its impact on coat color.

This study aims to describe the surgical management of cervical deformity arising from outside the cervical spine because of upper thoracic malalignment, using pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO). Cervical spine deformity is a complex topic and it can be generally divided into 2 categories, the first category is when the primary deformity is inside the cervical spine and the treatment will focus on the cervical spine itself, whereas the second category is when the primary deformity is outside the cervical spine usually in the adjacent upper thoracic area, the cervical deformity is a compensation for the adjacent malalignment, and thus in this situation, the management will occur in the upper thoracic area. Description of a single surgeon’s technique for performing PSO to treat rigid upper thoracic deformity. PSO in the upper thoracic spine is a safe and effective procedure and can result in satisfying clinical and radiological outcome with indirect correction of the compensatory cervical deformity. Cervical deformity arising from upper thoracic malalignment should be dealt with by treating the problem at its origin outside the cervical spine by performing a PSO in the upper thoracic spine.

The research was aimed to develop a domino card media that was reasonable and effective in improving Indonesian language mastery for fifth grade students of elementary school. This was a development research that comprised of ten stages. Product in from of a reasonable vocabulary domino card media based on scores obtained form material expert and media expert each with value 80 with a good category. Product effectiveness yielded in improving Indonesian language vocabulary mastery based on a hypothesis test result of sigificance (2-tailed) of 0,034 smaller than 0,05. That domino card media was effective in improving Indonesian language vocabulary mastery for elementary school students. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan media kartu domino yang layak dan efektif dalam meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata bahasa Indonesia bagi siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan, yang terdiri dari sepuluh tahap. Produk yang dihasilkan berupa media kartu domino kosakata yang layak, berdasarkan skor yang diperoleh dari ahli materi dan ahli media, masing-masing dengan nilai 80 dengan kategori baik. Keefektifan produk yang dihasilkan dalam meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata bahasa Indonesia didasarkan pada hasil uji hipotesis diperoleh signifikansi (2-tailed) sebesar 0,034, lebih kecil dari 0,05. Media kartu domino efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan kosakata bahasa Indonesia bagi siswa sekolah dasar.

An easing and efficiently synthesized biologically and pharmacologically active quinolinyl-tethered pyrazoline molecules in the presence of chalcones, have been obtained from condensation of corresponding aldehydes and ketones, through concomitant utilization of aryl hydrazide as useful starting substrates underwent Michael-addition followed by domino cyclization. The final products have been obtained in excellent yields, and they have been well characterized using FTIR, ¹H, 13C NMR and mass spectral analyses. Moreover, all the newly synthesized molecules have been examined for the antimicrobial and anticancer activities by MTT assay as well as molecular docking studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este texto tem como objetivo relatar a experiência do projeto de extensão “Sem mais nem menos” da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (Ufal) que, durante a pandemia, aplicou de maneira remota atividades com os temas: música, esporte, jogos e família, para estudantes do ensino fundamental II e ensino médio utilizando materiais de fácil acesso. Aqui, trataremos especificamente sobre a elaboração e aplicação da atividade denominada “Dominó: a matemática e a estratégia”, que trabalha a matemática presente nas peças do dominó e em estratégias desse jogo de tabuleiro. A atividade é dividida em duas partes: a primeira, dedicada à elaboração das peças por meio de um vídeo prévio que, além de envolver o estudante no manuseio de materiais, aprimorando sua cognição matemática, possibilita ao estudante visualizar uma matemática mais acessível; a segunda, dedicada a compreender a matemática presente na construção das peças e na estratégia de algumas jogadas, e, por fim, pôr em prática esses conhecimentos numa partida do jogo. As fontes utilizadas para escrita desse artigo foram os materiais enviados pelos estudantes (imagens das construções e respostas ao questionário feito após a live) e documentos de pré-análise das respostas, realizados pelos respectivos professores. Concluímos que, além de apresentar uma matemática prazerosa, a atividade ampliou o olhar dos estudantes sobre a disciplina e desmistificou o fato de ser algo distante e inacessível. Ao participarem da construção de seu próprio conhecimento, os estudantes conseguiram se sentir mais familiarizados com o conteúdo e seus professores também ficaram satisfeitos com a atividade por levar a matemática através de um jogo simples e muito conhecido, que além de poder ser utilizado para ensinar assuntos de forma dinâmica, mostra que a matemática está por trás de tudo, inclusive em uma brincadeira. Palavras-chave: Projeto de extensão; Matemática do cotidiano; Pandemia; Dominó; Ensino de matemática.

Chiral halogenated substances have many applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials, such as polymers, liquid crystals and as intermediates in synthesis. The presence of a halogen atom in a molecule can have a large effect in its properties; for instance, halogens are used in drugs to improve lipophilicity, membrane permeability and absorption, and even the blood‐brain barrier permeability. As highlighted in this review, there are nowadays a range of highly selective, versatile halogenating reagents, electrophilic, nucleophilic or radical in nature, which operate under mild conditions, allowing late‐stage functionalization of complex molecules in cascade reactions. Recent developments in organocatalyst design revealed novel Cinchona alkaloids derivatives, chiral phosphoric acids, amines, phosphines and several bifunctional catalysts, mostly thiourea‐ or squaramide‐based, which introduced chirality, with high levels of enantio‐ and diastereoselection, in the formation of one or multiple chiral centers in a single synthetic operation, as shown. In this review we survey the literature published in this field from 2014 to 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient pyrrolidine : 4‐ClBzOH salt (catalyst IV) catalyzed [3+3] cyclization reaction of β‐alkyl‐substituted nitroalkenes as 1,3‐binucleophiles with various β‐aryl/alkyl/alkenyl‐substituted acroleins in an open‐atmosphere is reported. Eventually, this tunable organocatalytic reaction creates one C−C and C=C bonds selectively that turns out to have a wide substrate scope, which affords a series of substituted nitroarenes in good to high yields. In addition, several other positive features are associated with this organocatalytic approach such as evading toxic metal‐catalysts, no need for external oxidant and nitrating agent, 100% carbon‐economical, excellent tolerance of functionalities, water as a sole by‐product, circumventing of pre‐functionalized arenes etc. Moreover, a range of important hetero‐and carbocycles such as 2‐arylcarbazole, 2,6‐diphenylindole, 2′‐chloro‐1,1′ : 4′,1′′‐terphenyl and 1 : 1′ : 4′,1′′‐terphenyl were accessed from nitroarenes through our unique methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histone variants are a universal means to alter the biochemical properties of nucleosomes, implementing local changes in chromatin structure. H2A.Z, one of the most conserved histone variants, is incorporated into chromatin by SWR1-type nucleosome remodelers. Here, we summarize recent advances toward understanding the transcription-regulatory roles of H2A.Z and of the remodeling enzymes that govern its dynamic chromatin incorporation. Tight transcriptional control guaranteed by H2A.Z nucleosomes depends on the context provided by other histone variants or chromatin modifications, such as histone acetylation. The functional cooperation of SWR1-type remodelers with NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complexes, a recurring theme during evolution, is structurally implemented by species-specific strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Subcutaneous penile modifications (SPMs) are more prevalent in Southeast Asian culture and have been growing in popularity in Western culture. SPMs are often made of domino tiles, or other available pieces of plastic, shaved into a desired shape and placed in unsterile conditions. Previous literature indicates a high risk of infection and the need for surgical removal. Case presentations Seven patients presented to the emergency department in the Southwest border region with complications from SPMs. All the patients complained of pain, four presented with signs of infection, and four SPMs required removal in the emergency department. Removal consisted of a dorsal penile nerve block and making an incision over the SPM to remove the foreign body. Three of the patients had their SPMs done during a previous incarceration under unsterile conditions. Conclusions SPMs appear to be growing in popularity among Western culture, and emergency department health care providers should be aware of trends in body modifications as well as potential complications. The conditions in which SPMs are often placed pose a high risk for infection. In some cases, placement and/or removal of SPMs pose a risk of damage to the corpora, arteries, and nerves of the penis. In the absence of overt bleeding, or suggestion of neurologic injury, dorsally placed superficial foreign bodies of the penis may be amenable to emergency department removal.

Abstract The histone variant H2A.Z is involved in several processes such as transcriptional control, DNA repair, regulation of centromeric heterochromatin and, not surprisingly, is implicated in diseases such as cancer. Here, we review the recent developments on H2A.Z focusing on its role in transcriptional activation and repression. H2A.Z, as a replication-independent histone, has been studied in several model organisms and inducible mammalian model systems. Its loading machinery and several modifying enzymes have been recently identified, and some of the long-standing discrepancies in transcriptional activation and/or repression are about to be resolved. The buffering functions of H2A.Z, as supported by genome-wide localization and analyzed in several dynamic systems, are an excellent example of transcriptional control. Posttranslational modifications such as acetylation and ubiquitination of H2A.Z, as well as its specific binding partners, are in our view central players in the control of gene expression. Understanding the key-mechanisms in either turnover or stabilization of H2A.Z-containing nucleosomes as well as defining the H2A.Z interactome will pave the way for therapeutic applications in the future.

Excessive scaling of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology is the main reason of large power dissipation in electronic circuits. Very large-scale integration (VLSI) industry has chosen an alternative option known as fin-shaped field effect transistor (FinFET) technology to mitigate the large power dissipation. FinFET is a multi-gate transistor which dissipates less leakage power as compared to CMOS transistors, but it does not completely resolve the problem of power dissipation. So, leakage reduction approaches are always required to mitigate the impact of power dissipation. In this paper, cascaded leakage control transistors (CLCT) leakage reduction technique is proposed using FinFET transistors. CLCT approach is tested for basic static logic circuits like inverter, 2-input NAND and NOR gates and compared with the existing leakage reduction techniques for leakage power dissipation and delay calculations at 16 and 14 nm technology nodes using Cadence tools. CLCT approach shows the effective reduction of leakage power with minimum delay penalty. As the domino logic gates are widely used in large memories and high-speed processors therefore, CLCT approach is further utilized for footless domino logic (FLDL) and compared with the available methods at 14 nm technology node. CLCT approach reduces 35.16% power dissipation as compared to the conventional domino OR logic. Temperature and multiple parallel fin variations are estimated for the domino OR logic to check its reliable operation. CLCT approach has high-noise tolerance capability in term of unity noise gain (UNG) for domino OR logic as compared to the other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production of chiral compounds by green processes like domino reactions is of importance to environmental protection and sustainable development. Nevertheless, finding an appropriate catalyst to control enantioselectivity with satisfaction is a major challenge. Here, we report the accomplishment of a newly developed domino reaction for synthesizing optically active 3‐pyrrolines, a class of compounds with various biological properties. The reaction involves the use of (trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates, Schiff bases, and alkynes in the presence of a chiral catalyst (R)‐(−)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diyl hydrogenphosphate. The key features of this new reaction include the generation of a single product in very good yields (75–85%) with high stereo‐ and enantio‐selectivity; the enantiomeric ratio reaches as high as 98.5 : 1.5. Moreover, it involves an aryne‐induced domino reaction and an unusual 1,4‐intramolecular proton transfer, which overwhelms the well‐established 1,5‐proton transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic application of arynes is broadened by their reactions with neutral N-, S-, and O-containing nucleophiles to produce three types of compounds. Accordingly, 1,2-dihydroquinolines are synthesized from Schiff bases, alkynes, and arynes through a Diels-Alder reaction. Epoxides are prepared from thioethers and arynes along with aldehydes or ketones through a Johnson-Corey-Chaykovsky reaction. Phenolic ethers are produced from allyl ethers and arynes through a Claisen-type rearrangement. These target molecules, including natural products γ-asarone, asaricin, and a cholesteryl phenolic ether, are formed through reactions initiated by arynes. These new reactions share a prevailing feature of domino processes, which are carried out in a single flask and afford the desired products in good to high yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Drosophila domino locus encodes DNA-dependent ATPases of the SWI2/SNF2 class. This class of chromatin remodeler is associated with an array of cellular activities encompassing transcription, replication, repair and recombination. Moreover, domino was observed initially to maintain a repressive chromatin state via genetic interaction studies with homeotic genes. Although domino mutations were also characterized with a cell death phenotype, its association with a death pathway has not been investigated. Here we have used targeted RNA interference to depress domino function in the wing. Resultant wing damage phenotypes were found to be enhanced through overexpression of pro-apoptotic loci, and suppressed through loss of function of these loci. Loss of wing margin and blade tissue was correlated with activation of the effector Caspase Dcp-1, a marker for apoptosis. The affected wing regions also exhibited lower levels of the DIAP1 protein, an inhibitor of apoptosis. The lower level of DIAP1 protein was not correlated with an effect on the activity of a DIAP1 gene transgenic reporter (thread-LacZ), suggesting that loss of DIAP1 occurred post transcriptionally. In some cases excessive cell proliferation within the targeted tissue, measured through BrdU incorporation, was also observed. Finally, we used a transgenic reporter construct to monitor the chromatin state upstream of the proapoptotic reaper locus. In genotypes exhibiting targeted domino loss and wing phenotypes, we observed increased reporter activity only in the affected areas. These data support the conclusion that domino normally functions to maintain pro-apoptotic genes in a repressed state.

The classic domino exclusion problem consists of finding minimum number d(n) of dominoes on an n-n chessboard to prevent placement of another domino. This sequence of minimum numbers is discussed under A280984 at the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. With new theoretical insights and a specially designed computer program we were able to expand the sequence from n =18 to n = 33. New upper bounds of d(n) thought to be sharp have been obtained. The article also discusses the rectangle-free minimal domino packings. Small 3-dimensional grid squares up to n = 6 have been analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to describe the surgical management of cervical deformity arising from outside the cervical spine because of upper thoracic malalignment, using pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO). Cervical spine deformity is a complex topic and it can be generally divided into 2 categories, the first category is when the primary deformity is inside the cervical spine and the treatment will focus on the cervical spine itself, whereas the second category is when the primary deformity is outside the cervical spine usually in the adjacent upper thoracic area, the cervical deformity is a compensation for the adjacent malalignment, and thus in this situation, the management will occur in the upper thoracic area. Description of a single surgeon's technique for performing PSO to treat rigid upper thoracic deformity. PSO in the upper thoracic spine is a safe and effective procedure and can result in satisfying clinical and radiological outcome with indirect correction of the compensatory cervical deformity. Cervical deformity arising from upper thoracic malalignment should be dealt with by treating the problem at its origin outside the cervical spine by performing a PSO in the upper thoracic spine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new technique called series-connected dynamic node-driven transistor domino logic (SCDNDTDL) is proposed for the design of circuits with high speed and low power consumption in fin-shaped field-effect transistor (FinFET) technology. HSPICE is used to simulate 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16-input domino OR gates in complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) and FinFET technology using the 32-nm Predictive Technology Model (PTM) library with a supply voltage of 0.9 V. The proposed technique shows a maximum power reduction of 73.16% in the FinFET short gate (SG) mode as compared with the conditional stacked keeper domino logic (CSK-DL) technique and a maximum delay reduction of 36.36% in the FinFET SG mode as compared with the voltage comparison-based domino (VCD) technique at a frequency of 50 MHz. The unity noise gain of the proposed circuit is 1.64 to 3.77 times higher in the FinFET SG mode and 1.39 to 3.77 times higher in the FinFET low-power (LP) mode compared with different existing techniques. The proposed circuit has up to 18.94 times higher figure of merit (FOM) in the SG mode and up to 7.14 times higher FOM in the LP mode compared with existing techniques. The proposed circuit in FinFET technology shows a maximum power reduction of 68.47% as compared with its counterpart in CMOS technology for a 16-input OR gate. The proposed circuit has 6.06 times lower energy–delay product and 4.53 times lower power–delay product compared with its counterpart in CMOS technology for a 16-input OR gate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient, PhI(OAc)2-mediated, radical azidoheteroarylation of alkenes under transition-metal-free conditions is reported by employing TMSN3 and quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones as coupling partners. This domino reaction allows an efficient synthesis of valuable orangoazides containing quinoxalin-2(1 H)-one derivatives and could be extended to phosphinyl-alkylated quinoxalin-2(1 H)-one in a single step in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions, as demonstrated by the preliminary antibacterial evaluation against Magnaporthe grisea for the first time. Mechanistic studies revealed that this transformation undergoes a cascade addition pathway controlled by a polar radical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LiBr-mediated domino Knoevenagel-phospha-Michael strategy has been established for the synthesis of β-phosphonomalonates under aqueous conditions. It is noteworthy that the developed protocol is effective with a wide range of aldehydes to deliver a diverse range of β-phosphonomalonates in good to excellent yields. The mild reaction conditions, easier procedure, use of aqueous media, inexpensive and water tolerant property of LiBr are important advantages of this protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kingdomino TM is a board game designed by Bruno Cathala and edited by Blue Orange since 2016. The goal is to place 2 × 1 dominoes on a grid layout, and get a better score than other players. Each 1 × 1 domino cell has a color that must match at least one adjacent cell, and an integer number of crowns (possibly none) used to compute the score. We prove that even with full knowledge of the future of the game, it is NP -complete to decide whether a given score is achievable at Kingdomino TM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficient 2‐chloroquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one rearrangement was developed that predictably generates either twisted‐cyclic or ring‐fused guanidines in a single operation, depending on the presence of a primary versus secondary amine in the accompanying diamine reagent. Exclusive formation of twisted‐cyclic guanidines results from pairing 2‐chloroquinazolinones with secondary diamines. Use of primary amine‐containing diamines permits a domino quinazolinone rearrangement/intramolecular cyclization, gated through (E)‐twisted‐cyclic guanidines, to afford ring‐fused N‐acylguanidines. This scalable, structurally tolerant transformation generated 55 guanidines and delivered twisted‐cyclic guanidines with robust plasma stability and an abbreviated total synthesis of an antitumor ring‐fused guanidine (4 steps, 55 % yield). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CNFET devices are preferred over CMOS devices for designing high‐speed digital circuits. This paper introduces a new technique Dual Chirality High‐speed Domino Logic (DCHSDL) for implementing low power and high‐speed domino circuits in CNFET technology. Simulations are carried out for 32 nm Stanford CNFET model in HSPICE for 2, 4, 8 and 16 input domino OR gates at a clock frequency of 200 MHz on a DC supply voltage of 0.9 V. The proposed domino technique shows maximum power reduction of 82.55% and maximum delay reduction of 57.97% compared to CPVT technique in CNFET technology at a frequency of 200 MHz. The proposed circuit shows maximum power reduction of 97.90% compared to its analogous circuit in CMOS technology for a 2‐input domino OR gate. The proposed technique shows maximum improvement of 1.05× to 1.63× in unity noise gain (UNG) compared to various existing techniques in CNFET technology at a frequency of 200 MHz. The 1‐bit Full Adder designed using the proposed technique shows a power reduction of 16.91% and a delay reduction of 23.64% compared to standard FDL 1‐bit Full Adder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domino logic is a clocked CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) logic with fewer transistors than static CMOS logic. A PMOS (P-type Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) transistor, known as "keeper", is included in the design to improve the noise tolerance performance and to reduce the leakage current. The aspect ratio i.e. W/L of the keeper (W=width and L=length) is kept low for the correct functionality of the domino logic. This paper proposes a domino logic with modified keeper in order to improve the circuit with respect to power and area as compared to various existing techniques of domino logic i.e. clock delayed domino logic (CDD), high speed domino logic (HSD), multi threshold high speed domino logic (MHSD), clock delayed sleep mode domino logic (CDSMD), sleep switch domino logic (SSDD), PMOS only sleep switch domino logic (PSSDD), reduced delay variations domino logic (RDVD) and Foot Driven Stack Transistor Domino Logic (FDSTDL). The proposed as well as existing domino logics, for 8-input as well as 16-input OR gate in 16nm CMOS technology, are simulated for different values of W/L of keeper with W/L ratio ranging from 1 to 6. The power-delay-product(PDP) of proposed design has improved as compared to the existing designs. For 8-input OR gate and W/L=6, PDP had improved to maximum of 99.99% for CDD and minimum of 38.09% for SSDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Os jogos são tradicionais e presentes na vida humana há tempos, sendo capazes de colaborar com a concentração e motivar quem está jogando. Dessa forma, surge a ideia de ensinar conteúdos escolares por meio de jogos. No campo da Química não tem sido diferente, pois existem enormes dificuldades para ter a atenção e dedicação dos alunos. A nomenclatura de alcanos é um conteúdo fundamental para a compreensão das nomenclaturas das funções orgânicas, tais como: aldeídos, ácidos carboxílicos, cetonas, ésteres etc. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da utilização de um jogo de dominó na aprendizagem da nomenclatura de alcanos. O jogo foi desenvolvido e aplicado em uma turma do primeiro ano do Curso Técnico em Química de um colégio da cidade de Paranavaí, Paraná. O experimento consistiu em uma retomada do conteúdo de hidrocarbonetos, aplicação de uma avaliação diagnóstica (5 questões com tempo de 20 minutos para responder), utilização do jogo e posterior aplicação de nova avaliação. A contabilização do rendimento dos estudantes foi feita atribuindo nota de 0 a 10 às avaliações e comparando-as. Os resultados indicaram que o jogo Dominó de Alcanos facilitou o aprendizado dos alunos, havendo melhoria na média da avaliação em 29%, com nota inicial de 5,5 e final de 7,1. Conclui-se que o jogo Dominó de Alcanos se constituiu como uma ferramenta importante na melhoria do aprendizado dos alunos, sendo simples de se jogar e motivador. A ideia do jogo pode ser expandida para outros conteúdos.