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The diversity of liverworts in China is rich. It is of great significance to study the species distribution pattern of liverworts in China for the protection of liverworts diversity, flora research and biodiversity monitoring. On the basis of records from national and provincial liverwort lists, herbaria and online databases, a dataset of liverwort distributions was created to analyze the geographical distribution patterns of liverwort species diversity in China. According to the taxonomy of liverwort species in the CoLChina database, more than 60,000 distribution records of 34 provincial geographic units were standardized. ArcGIS 10.8 was used to map the overall richness of liverwort species, as were the individual maps of 14 taxonomic groups of liverworts. Southwest China presented very high species richness, followed by Central China and South China, which presented relatively high species richness. The centers of liverwort species diversity in China are highly consistent with the diversity centers of endemic liverwort in China, many sites from coastal areas to Mountains. The specific distribution centers include the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Hengduan Mountain Range, coastal areas in southern China and Taiwan Mountain Range, as well as the Qinling Mountains and Taihang Mountains in the central region and the Changbai Mountains and Xiaoxing'an Mountains in northeast China. There was significant difference in the distribution patterns of liverwort groups among the different provincial regions in China. As large groups, Jungermanniales and Porellales are absolutely dominant, their distribution patterns are similar to the overall richness of liverwort. The distribution center of Jungermanniales is punctate, while the distribution center of Porellales is flaky. However, the diversity centers of the small and medium liverwort groups are abundant, and their distribution patterns are also significantly different, such as, Marchantiales and Metzgeriales are medium-sized taxa. There were five types of small groups. This study will help us record and understand the biogeographic patterns of liverwort, clarify the geographical distribution of the major phylogenetic groups (order) of liverwort, and analyze the geographical distribution of national endemic and provincial endemic liverworts in China, providing a theoretical basis for future assessments of conservation gaps and reasonable conservation actions for liverworts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diversity of liverworts in China is rich. It is of great significance to study the species distribution pattern of liverworts in China for the protection of liverworts diversity, flora research and biodiversity monitoring. On the basis of records from national and provincial liverwort lists, herbaria and online databases, a dataset of liverwort distributions was created to analyze the geographical distribution patterns of liverwort species diversity in China. According to the taxonomy of liverwort species in the CoLChina database, more than 60,000 distribution records of 34 provincial geographic units were standardized. ArcGIS 10.8 was used to map the overall richness of liverwort species, as were the individual maps of 14 taxonomic groups of liverworts. Southwest China presented very high species richness, followed by Central China and South China, which presented relatively high species richness. The centers of liverwort species diversity in China are highly consistent with the diversity centers of endemic liverwort in China, many sites from coastal areas to Mountains. The specific distribution centers include the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Hengduan Mountain Range, coastal areas in southern China and Taiwan Mountain Range, as well as the Qinling Mountains and Taihang Mountains in the central region and the Changbai Mountains and Xiaoxing’an Mountains in northeast China. There was significant difference in the distribution patterns of liverwort groups among the different provincial regions in China. As large groups, Jungermanniales and Porellales are absolutely dominant, their distribution patterns are similar to the overall richness of liverwort. The distribution center of Jungermanniales is punctate, while the distribution center of Porellales is flaky. However, the diversity centers of the small and medium liverwort groups are abundant, and their distribution patterns are also significantly different, such as, Marchantiales and Metzgeriales are medium-sized taxa. There were five types of small groups. This study will help us record and understand the biogeographic patterns of liverwort, clarify the geographical distribution of the major phylogenetic groups (order) of liverwort, and analyze the geographical distribution of national endemic and provincial endemic liverworts in China, providing a theoretical basis for future assessments of conservation gaps and reasonable conservation actions for liverworts.

This study will take living bodies as abjections in the selected short stories. This study analyzes the characters by using Julia Kristeva's psychoanalytical concept of abject, which displays violence committed against the marginalized group in the selected stories from Midnight Doorways: Fables from Pakistan. The purpose of the study is to critically evaluate how speculative fiction deals with marginalized communities, portraying them as abject to evoke horror in the stories. The descriptions and vivid imagery used by the writer in these fables create a repulsive atmosphere for the readers. The study will comment on the mindset of the dominant group in the center of society and their treatment of those who are living in the peripheries. The focus of the study is to explore how the bodily experience of characters in a prejudiced community in terms of body mutilation, starvation, poor hygiene, and physical assault adds to the process of abjection. The research, therefore, is an analytical and in-depth study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of globalization of society, information becomes not just the sum of knowledge necessary for mankind, but a means of manipulating the consciousness of millions of people, a way of inciting hatred and enmity. Verbal crimes are committed against both human rights and freedoms and against the peace and security of mankind. In recent years, both in Russia and in Belarus, verbal offenses of an extremist nature have become more frequent. For the Belarusian and Russian linguistic and legal discourse, this is a fairly new phenomenon, the interest in which predetermined the purpose of this study - to study the phenomenon of verbal extremism in the aspect of the national legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The factual data were conflictogenic texts with extremist focus that were analyzed from a legal standpoint (Article 130 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus and Articles 280 and 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The methodology of the research comprises the method of parametrization and logical-linguistic, comparative and lexicalsemantic analyses. The object of the research is verbal expressions of extremism. In this study, attention was paid to both the theoretical study of the phenomenon of verbal extremism and the practical analysis of conflictogenic texts. Common signs of verbal extremism are: abstractness, heightened emotional background of transmitted information, pseudo-non-involvement of a person in its dissemination. The main mechanism of sowing (inciting) discord is the use of expressions stating the superiority or exclusiveness of the dominant group as compared to the biological, social or moral defectiveness or depravity of the subgroup. The verbal mechanism of sowing (inciting) hatred is creation of defective or hostile images of the subgroup, when its members are attributed either a desire to lead parasitic lifestyles at the expense of the members of the dominant group, or they are accused of innate hostility to the dominant group and conspiring its destruction. The results obtained indicate that the Belarusian and Russian legislation reflects a similar understanding of the category of verbal extremism, which indicates the gradual harmonization of the legislative systems of Russia and Belarus in terms of assessing crimes against the peace and security of mankind.

The diversity of liverworts in China is rich. It is of great significance to study the species distribution pattern of liverworts in China for the protection of liverworts diversity, flora research and biodiversity monitoring. On the basis of records from national and provincial liverwort lists, herbaria and online databases, a dataset of liverwort distributions was created to analyze the geographical distribution patterns of liverwort species diversity in China. According to the taxonomy of liverwort species in the CoLChina database, more than 60,000 distribution records of 34 provincial geographic units were standardized. ArcGIS 10.8 was used to map the overall richness of liverwort species, as were the individual maps of 14 taxonomic groups of liverworts. Southwest China presented very high species richness, followed by Central China and South China, which presented relatively high species richness. The centers of liverwort species diversity in China are highly consistent with the diversity centers of endemic liverwort in China, many sites from coastal areas to Mountains. The specific distribution centers include the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Hengduan Mountain Range, coastal areas in southern China and Taiwan Mountain Range, as well as the Qinling Mountains and Taihang Mountains in the central region and the Changbai Mountains and Xiaoxing'an Mountains in northeast China. There was significant difference in the distribution patterns of liverwort groups among the different provincial regions in China. As large groups, Jungermanniales and Porellales are absolutely dominant, their distribution patterns are similar to the overall richness of liverwort. The distribution center of Jungermanniales is punctate, while the distribution center of Porellales is flaky. However, the diversity centers of the small and medium liverwort groups are abundant, and their distribution patterns are also significantly different, such as, Marchantiales and Metzgeriales are medium-sized taxa. There were five types of small groups. This study will help us record and understand the biogeographic patterns of liverwort, clarify the geographical distribution of the major phylogenetic groups (order) of liverwort, and analyze the geographical distribution of national endemic and provincial endemic liverworts in China, providing a theoretical basis for future assessments of conservation gaps and reasonable conservation actions for liverworts., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Cui, Yang, Li, Li, Dong, Wang and Yang.)

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In this study, the hydrological environment, community structure and diversity of microorganisms in the coastal waters of Xiamen Island were studied by CTD, target amplification and high-throughput sequencing technology. The relationship between microbial community diversity, microbial abundance and dominant groups and environmental factors was discussed by canonical correlation analysis (CCA), MINE network analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. Among the hydrological environmental factors, temperature and salinity were greatly affected by seasons, and the nutrient concentration had obvious spatial distribution. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus decreased gradually from west to east. Correspondingly, the microbial community diversity index, microbial abundance and dominant groups also had similar trends in spatial and temporal distribution. The abundance value and dominant groups account for a larger proportion. The results of CCA, MINE and Pearson analysis showed that the correlation intensity between temperature, nutrient concentration and microbial community diversity was high, and the number of associated species was 44(Syn), 26(Temp), 19(P) and 18(N), respectively. The abundance of Synechococcus, heterotrophic bacteria and virus particles was significantly positively correlated with temperature and salinity. Among the dominant groups, a-proteobacteria and cyanobacteria were highly correlated with environmental factors, while Flavobacterium and actinomycetes had relatively low correlation with environmental factors. Therefore, the changes of temperature and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in environmental factors are the main factors causing the spatial and temporal differences of microbial community structure in Xiamen Island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined when and why individuals spontaneously used shared humanity arguments. Participants (undergraduate college students in the U.S. around 20 years of age) writing in support (vs. non-support) of gays and lesbians (Study 1), writing in support of a marginalized (vs. dominant) group (Study 2), and writing in support of a marginalized group for an audience who disagrees (vs. agrees) with one's argument (Study 3) showed greater usage of shared humanity arguments. In Study 4, we assessed shared humanity arguments when writing in support of refugees in the U.S. along with measures of motivation to control prejudiced reactions, fear of negative evaluation, and social desirability (self-deceptive enhancement, impression management). The results showed that only fear of negative evaluation and self-deceptive enhancement predicted usage of shared humanity arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was conducted over a two-year study period at Manasbal Lake, which has a catchment area of 22 km2 and is located in the district of Ganderbal, 30 kilometers north of the city of Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir. The Manasbal catchment is defined by latitudes 34°14' - 34°16' N and longitudes 74°40' - 74°43' E, with an elevation of approximately 1551m a.s.l. During the present study, 101 phytoplankton species from six groups were identified from Manasbal Lake: Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Dinophyceae, and Euglenophyceae. Among these, Bacillariophyceae formed the bulk of phytoplankton with 49 species, followed by Chlorophyceae (39), Cyanophyceae (7), Euglenophyceae (3), Dinophyceae (2) and Chrysophyceae (1). The Bacillariophyceae, the dominant group, was present at all six sites with the maximum diversity of species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the study of the role of pseudo-ideologies in the repression of the Afghan individuals, whether they espouse different ideologies or ordinary people with moderate thought. During its modern history, Afghanistan has witnessed a constant struggle between the Communist and reactionary ideologies. Throughout the takeover of these ideologies to the power, the Afghan individual was oppressed and discriminated against because these political currents declared certain ideologies and applied different ones. Political struggle for power in Afghanistan and the suppression of the Afghan individuals by the dominant group is one of the most important topics that Hosseini noted in his novel, A Thousand Splendid Sun. Adorno's theory, the "authoritarian personality" was adopted primarily for an analysis of the socio-political aspects of the addressed novel. To achieve realistic results, the study focused on tracking the activities and violations of both Conservatives and Communists that were committed against individuals who did not belong to them to reveal the contradiction in their ideologies. The study adopts the socio-political framework to clarify the role of pseudo-ideologies in suppressing the individual rather than liberating him and guaranteeing his rights. Thus, this study examines the relationship between pseudo-ideologies and human repression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural interactions in many African communities are often between historically dominant groups and co-cultures. The existence of a co-cultural group is normally a product of migration. The cultural setup of Kabba community is made up of two groups: 13 Kabba clans and Omodo clan. While the dominant 13 Kabba clans enjoy wide privileges, the story is different for the co-culture – the Omodo clan – with a history of exclusion. This study examines the interactions between the two groups and how the Omodo's history of exclusion has been a major source of contestation. To demonstrate this, the work adopts five units of analysis. These include ascension to traditional positions of authority, religious practices, women in the religious sphere, marriage and burial rites and land ownership. The paper observes that the two groups share physical characteristics in terms of language, however, they differ in their cultural beliefs and practices. Therefore, the study recommends peaceful coexistence between the two groups without infringing on individual 'sacred' areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is reasonable to argue that the institutions in the United States have historically been geared toward benefiting adherents of traditional Christianity. Thus, Christianity is perceived as the dominant religion in the US. While Christians have held a dominant religious position in the past, it is unwise to assume that their level of power in society remains at such high levels. I explore that question by assessing what it means to be a dominant group and then examining whether contemporary US Christianity meets that requirement. Christians appear to have no real financial advantage, are at a disadvantage culturally, but perhaps have some political resources, although that advantage may disappear over time. Whether Christians experience dominant status is not merely dependent upon the dimension (economic, cultural or political) being assessed, but also upon the Christian sub-groups to which they belong. In exploring whether Christians generally enjoy dominant group status in the United States, these complexities make it difficult to settle on a simple 'yes' or 'no' answer. This analysis is valuable in challenging simplistic assertions about the place of Christianity in the US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dexing Copper Mine is one of the largest copper mines in Asia, but few studies have reported the soil fauna community composition after revegetation. This study investigated the influence of revegetation on the soil fauna communities and structures in three vegetation restoration models (designated as I, II, and III) and in a sample without revegetation (IV) in two tailings pools of Dexing Copper Mines 1 and 2 using modified Tullgren and Baermann methods. A total of 548 individuals were collected, which belonged to 5 classes, 7 orders, 3 suborders, and 19 families. The individuals, groups, and diversity of the soil fauna were significantly affected by the vegetation restoration model. In comparison to the sample without revegetation, the samples with revegetation showed a significant increase in the number of individuals and groups of soil fauna (P < 0.01) and significantly increased functional groups of the soil fauna community (P < 0.05). The number of individuals and groups of soil fauna were the highest in sample III, which was planted with trees and covered with guest soil, and the functional groups of the soil fauna community were the highest in samples II and III, which were both covered with guest soil. In principal component analysis, a significant difference was detected in the communities of soil fauna after revegetation, and the structures of soil fauna communities were similar in samples I and IV, which were not covered with guest soil. The number of individuals and groups of soil fauna was closely related to the revegetation in the Dexing Copper Mine tailings pool. These results should help in improved handling of the environmental issues associated with mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores the rhetoric associated with a Trump era of U.S politics, one that has been described as "divisive politics of identity" (Rodrik, 2016). In particular, we analyze on-line comments offered by self-identified majority group members (e.g., white, heterosexual, Christian and/or male) in response to the fears and concerns of certain co-cultural groups (e.g., immigrants, refugees, women, people of color, LGBT persons). Our analysis of dominant group rhetoric reveals both unsupportive (endorsing Trump's policy initiatives, ignoring one's societal privilege, focusing on one's own societal disadvantage, resisting majority group essentialization and dismissing and/or trivializing co-cultural concerns) and supportive messages (acknowledging the legitimacy of co-cultural concerns, recognizing one's own privilege, challenging other dominant group members, and embracing the role of co-cultural ally). The essay concludes with a discussion of our findings and implications for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I propose an interpretation of the Marcan fig tree episode (Mark 11:12–14, 20–25) in its final form that draws on a vegetable metaphor widely known in Antiquity, and highlights the connection between the episode and the temple scene (Mark 11:15–19) that divides it. This interpretation addresses the problem posed by the narrator's commentary in verse 13d and makes of it a key element to understand the Marcan Jesus' attitude towards the temple. With the aid of James C. Scott's work on resistance discourse of subordinated groups, I show that this text, together with the other Marcan references to the temple's destruction, belong to one type of Scott's resistance discourse, and deduce some implications for the social setting of the Gospel of Mark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of the state has been appearing in political thought/theory, with its definition and meaning varying from the time of Plato through Hobbes to Marx, denoting and connoting country, society, nation, government or community. Thus, what is the state? However, the centrality of the state in contemporary political discourse demands that our understanding of the concept of state should have some clarity, in that, the meaning of the state should be more specific, for clearer and more meaningful analyses of political issues. This paper therefore interrogates the idea of the state from Plato to Marx and concluded that scholars have added to the confusion regarding the definition and meaning of the state, because they fail to differentiate the spirit of the state, people being together, from its basic characteristics (identifying it). The state means the dominant group of people in society, who exercises power through the government. Therefore, it will not be apt to refer to a country of multinationals like Nigeria, India, Ghana, and Kenya as states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two pervasive features of industries experiencing rapid technological progress are uncertainty (with regard to the technological feasibility and marketabilility of an innovation) and networks (the dense web of research alliances and joint ventures linking firms to each other). This paper connects the two disparate phenomena using the notion of real options. It visualizes firms as nodes and the links connecting them as call options that give each pair of interlinked firms the right, but not the obligation, to sink additional resources into a project at some future date conditional on favorable technical/market information. The formation of networks is endogenous as firms establish links with others by appraising their value using option pricing methods. Our model explains the following: why networks are particularly ubiquitous in industries that are subject to high uncertainty; why networks often display an interconnected “hubs and spokes” architecture; why small (or peripheral spoke) firms often sink resources into relatively higher risk higher return investment projects (and those too with only large, or hub firms); and why so many research alliances are continuously formed and dissolved. Our paper also outlines the conditions under which ex-ante symmetric firms end up ex-post forming complex asymmetric networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author uses the idiom of autobiographical storytelling to explicate two important themes: How the complex phenomenon of "belonging" results from the interactions of members of a nondominant group and those of a dominant group; and how the author himself has dealt with this phenomenon in his own developmental adaptation over the years. The concept of belonging is a cultural principle that should be throughly understood by mental health professionals if they are to deal effectively with the problem of cross-cultural adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]