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A2/O is a common domestic sewage treatment process.The aeration method of aerobic section is usually the traditional bottom aeration, which has low oxygen dissolution efficiency. In order to achieve high quality and efficient treatment of sewage, a static spiral cutter without power drive was developed based on gas-liquid mass transfer enhancement and fluid mechanics theory. Large bubbles in gas-liquid mixture could be cut into micro-nanometer scale small bubbles, which can improve dissolved oxygen in a short time, and control gas flow to achieve the adjustment of dissolved oxygen. Experiments with no aeration, traditional bottom aeration, and static spiral cutting were carried out. The results showed that compared with the traditional bottom aeration process, with the static spiral cutting, the removal rate of solid suspended solids(SS) increased by 12.3%,the removal rate of COD by 5.6%, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total phosphorus (TP) were increased by 8.1% and 8.5% respectively, and the concentration of saturated dissolved oxygen (DO) was increased by 48.2%. Overall,static spiral cutter has advantages of simple structure and good economy, it has a promising application for the optimization of sewage treatment aeration.

Copyright of Technology of Water Treatment is the property of Technology of Water Treatment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industrial Water Treatment is the property of CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research & Design Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A novel process of acid leaching neutralization was initiated for the preparation of inorganic polymeric composite ferric aluminum silicate coagulant (CFAS) based on the reutilization of solid waste coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS). Firstly, a single-factor experiment was carried out to optimize the preparation process by adjusting pH, polymerization time and maturation temperature. The results proved that the coagulant of CFAS was achieved under the optimal conditions of pH 3.0, polymerization reaction time 120 min and the maturation temperature of 80 °C. CFAS was further characterized by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was found that CFAS was mainly occupied with Si, Fe, Ca, and Al. Secondly, the performance of CFAS was evaluated by domestic sewage, and the results indicated the best removal efficiency of turbidity of 93.8%, ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 -N) of 94.8%, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 63.9% were achieved when the dosage of CFAS was 150.0 mg/L, initial pH of domestic sewage was 3.0, and the initial temperature was 30 °C, which were further investigated by response surface methodology (RSM), it was found that the temperature played a greater role in the coagulation process, followed by dosage coagulant and pH. Additionally, the coagulation mechanisms demonstrated that the charge neutralization dominated the coagulation process, affiliated by adsorption bridge, and sedimentation netting based on the microscope image of CFAS, the variation of zeta potential and particle size of flocs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yangtze River ecosystem is one of the most important ecosystems in central China. Due to the substantial increase in China's economy and the improvement of living conditions in rural areas over the past decade, domestic wastewater discharges in rural areas have increased dramatically, seriously affecting the Yangtze River Basin environment, and becoming one of the main obstacles to achieving global sustainable development goals (SDGs). Rural environmental management is very important for the prevention and control of water pollution in the Yangtze River Basin. In order to address the problem of rural domestic sewage treatment, this paper proposes a domestic sewage collection model applicable to rural areas. An operable village sewage treatment plan was developed for Jiangxia District, Wuhan City, specific for each village, based on a previous village sewage treatment plan in Jiangxia District. The plan is cost-effective and ensures a suitable quality of the treated domestic wastewater that meets the local discharge and reuse standards, thus reducing pollution of the Yangtze River and contributing to the restoration of the Yangtze ecological environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel biofilter-constructed wetland coupling system has been applied more than 160 domestic sewage treatment projects in different cities of Zhejiang province, China. The performance of a randomly selected project (flux rate was 27.0 m3/d) based on the coupling system was evaluated in long-term, and the effluent monitoring by big data analysis showed a relatively stable and good water quality. The effluent concentrations of CODCr, NH4+-N and TP were 37.57 ± 11.17 mg/L, 5.64 ± 1.69 mg/L and 0.82 ± 0.16 mg/L, respectively, which met the first-class of "Standards for Discharge of Water Pollutants from Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities" (DB33/973–2015). The concentrations of effluent TP showed a strong polynomial curve fitting with effluent NH4+-N concentrations (R2 = 0.9329) according to the big data analysis. Besides, the concentrations of effluent CODCr had a strong positive linear correlation with the concentrations of effluent NH4+-N (R2 = 0.9297), which increased with the increase of effluent TP concentrations (R2 = 0.6957). Results also showed pH ranged from 6.46 to 6.57, and C/N (CODCr/NH4+-N) had stronger correlation with pH (R2 = 0.6441), while the concentration of effluent NH4+-N and effluent TP had weak correlation with pH (R2 = 0.3348 and R2 = 0.4834, respectively). The findings might have very important guiding significance for the future monitoring methods of water effluent quality of treatment facility and the cost reduction of monitoring management. Moreover, a demonstration and experiments were carried out for a contrast study of the enhanced system (b) and original system (a). The removal efficiency of CODCr, NH4+-N and TP of the enhanced system (b) was 81.33, 90.22 and 75.44%, respectively, which increased by 4.33, 9.11 and 13.77%, respectively, compared to the original system (a). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the issue of domestic sewage biological treatment has become prominent due to high nitrogen and phosphorus stress, which results in not meeting increasingly strict discharge standards. To address this issue, high-specific surface area modified zinc layered double hydroxides were manufactured using the co-precipitation technique. These layered double hydroxides have a buffering effect on water flow impact to prevent excessive water flow from damaging the membrane. The material is utilized as a filter to remove nitrogen from the secondary effluent of urban sewage treatment facilities. Anhydrous sodium acetate was used as the carbon source in a long-term continuous operation of DBSF with genuine secondary effluent to assess denitrification efficacy. The effects of different hydraulic loads and carbon source dosages on effluent quality were investigated. The results showed that under a hydraulic load of 2 m3/(m2·h) and with the addition of 30 g carbon source, TN removal efficiency for ZFPQS and ZAPQS ranged from 58.17 % to 77.56 % and from 64.77 % to 78.81 %, respectively. Furthermore, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors that influence nitrogen removal in modified denitrification biofilter systems, including the microbial community and underlying mechanisms. [Display omitted] • A full-scale integrated DBSF system was constructed for treating domestic sewage. • Effects of various parameters were investigated to optimize process operation. • The DBSF system achieved efficient COD, NH 4 +-N, NO 3 --N, and TN removals from water. • Spatial variations of the microbial community structure and functions were determined. • Process mechanisms involved in the UAB-DSB system were revealed comprehensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sewage treatment and water reuse are, undoubtedly, one of the main points on scientific agenda of the 21st century. Many technologies for sewage treatment are available; however, it is still as an open issue that deserves much attention in order to facilitate their application, develop more effective methods and propose alternative treatment for unusual situations. Developing high performance materials for sewage treatment fits the idea of the development of efficient and alternative methods for microorganism removal and the high organic load of wastewater and is of fundamental importance. In this paper, a heterojunction with perovskite-type strontium stannate (SrSnO3) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) — SrSnO3/g-C3N4 — was synthesized and used for photocatalytic treatment of domestic sewage using only sunlight. Results were accompanied by assessing the total organic carbon decrease and removal of pathogenic microorganisms. X-ray diffraction and X-ray excited photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that a heterostructure was successfully formed and photocatalytic tests showed an important activity in the visible range, i.e., under sunlight. Exposing raw sewage to 240 min (from 11 a.m. until 3 p.m.) in the presence of SrSnO3/g-C3N4, led to a 56.1% mineralization. This process was 2.5 more efficient than photolysis under sunlight. Moreover, the treated sewage showed no coliform growth (either fecal or total) or heterotrophic bacteria. This simple treatment makes sewage suitable and safe for reuse, for example, for agriculture purposes according to Brazilian regulations criteria and could be an alternative for isolated areas in which sewage treatment plants are not available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to investigate the effects of Phragmites communis and Zizania aquatica on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and bacterial community structure in a surface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) for the treatment of domestic sewage from the Shanxi province of China. The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil, the contents of soil urease (UE), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (SMBC, SMBN), and bacterial community structure were measured in the Phragmites communis group (PG), Zizania aquatica group (ZG), and control group (CG), respectively. The results showed that (1) the contents of UE, ALP, SMBC, and SMBN in rhizosphere soil of PG were more than those of ZG; (2) the highest bacterial abundance and α-diversity appeared in PG, in which Gp6 was the most abundant bacterial genus in PG; (3) the main functions of the dominant bacteria Gp6 and Longilinea in PG were involved in metabolizing multiple carbohydrates and participating in the carbon cycle in the soil based on the clusters of orthologous groups pathway analysis data; (4) the bacterial community of PG was mainly affected by the positive correlation with arsenic, nickel, or SMBC via the redundancy analysis. Collectively, Phragmites communis is a recommended species for wastewater wetland treatment system in Shanxi province, and the special enzymes and dominant bacteria in plant rhizosphere soil had obvious functions of removing organic pollutants. Besides, the influences of environmental factors on rhizosphere bacteria and the combined effects of Phragmites communis and dominant bacteria in wetland wastewater treatment system should be taken seriously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the construction of rural sewage treatment in Beijing City has developed rapidly, but there are still many problems in some rural domestic sewage treatment. In this paper, the current situation of rural domestic sewage in Beijing City is combed, and its characteristics are summarized. Meanwhile, the current situation of rural domestic sewage treatment in Zhejiang Province, Hunan Province and Shandong Province is summarized by consulting relevant data. By comparing with current situation of rural domestic sewage treatment in Beijing City, it is found that there are some problems in the treatment of rural domestic sewage in Beijing City, such as unsuitable treatment mode, unreasonable discharge requirements and inadequate treatment technology. Therefore, some countermeasures and suggestions are proposed, such as strengthening the investigation, research and planning, and differential formulation of the sewage treatment discharge standards, and establishing modular treatment technology system. It is hoped that this paper will be helpful to the treatment of rural domestic sewage in Beijing City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an integrated multi-soil-layering and subsurface wastewater infiltration (MSL-SWI) system was developed for decentralized domestic sewage treatment under high hydraulic loading rates (HLRs). To improve sustainable nitrogen removal, the influence of intermittent operation and shunt distributing wastewater on the performance of MSL-SWI systems was investigated. The optimal performance—with removal efficiencies of 93.41% for chemical oxygen demand, 97.91% for total phosphorus, 74.02% for ammonia nitrogen, and 73.56% for total nitrogen—was achieved using both intermittent operation and shunt distributing wastewater under an HLR of 0.3 m3 m−2 d−1. The activity of microbial nitrogen functional genes (i.e., amoA, nirK, nirS, nosZ, and anammox 16S rRNA) and their relationships with nitrogen transformation rates were further analyzed in different layers of the system. The results imply that nitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in the MSL section coupled with nitrification and denitrification in the SWI section contribute to main the mechanisms of sustainable nitrogen removal. In summary, MSL-SWI systems not only operate with high efficiency under high HLRs, but the contaminant removal is also stable and sustainable, which are promising properties for domestic sewage treatment in areas where land resources are limited.

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rolniczego im. Hugona Kollataja w Krakowie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a first-ever report on this subject, it is shown that a common amphibious plant joyweed (Alternanthera sessilis) can be used in rapid and efficient treatment of biodegradable wastewaters, typified by domestic sewage. The plant was effective when used indoors under artificial lighting, as well as outdoors. It enabled treatment of sewage, varying widely in strength (from 300 mg/L to 1800 mg/L in chemical oxygen demand), to the extent of 78.9–83.9%. It was also able to remove biological oxygen demand, suspended solids, phosphorous, nitrogen, and the heavy metal copper to the extent of 87%, 93%, 45%, and 43%, respectively. Over 99% of total coliforms, faecal coliforms, and faecal streptococci were also removed. The treatment was very swiftly achieved, at a hydraulic retention time of just 6 h, in the "sheet flow root level" (SHEFROL®) bioreactor developed earlier by us and of which a patent claim has been registered. The findings indicate that A. sessilis has the potential to affect primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment of domestic sewage along with significant pathogen removal in a single process step when used in SHEFROL® bioreactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Over the past five years, interfacial solar water evaporation for a 2D photothermal convertor has been investigated intensively, and an evaporation rate close to the theoretical upper limit has been reached. To reduce land and optical component costs and increase the evaporation rate within an identical projection area, a nanoink-stained PVA evaporator with embossment structure is proposed to accelerate solar water evaporation via the large evaporation area in its stereostructure for practical applications. A nanoink-stained PVA sponge of 2 × 2 × 1 cm in our mimetic tree system with a three-layer embossment configuration has an extremely high evaporation rate of 2.15 kg m−2 h−1 under 1-sun illumination. In addition, our nanoink-stained PVA sponge also exhibits the outstanding ability to treat mixed organic dyes and domestic sewage. Based on our results, the nanoink-stained PVA sponge with embossment structure provides a portable solution for practical application in water purification in developing or remote regions. Graphical abstract Water evaporation rate is relying on the evaporative area, the temperature of water and the wind speed. In order to increase the evaporative rate within the identical area, a high evaporation rate of 2.15 kg m−2 h−1, which was 7.2 times that of pure water under 1-sun illumination, was realized based on a nanoink-stained PVA sponge in our mimetic tree system in the embossed configuration. Furthermore, the nanoink-stained PVA sponge can absorb sunlight from various solar positions because of its stereostructure. The results of this study provide a strategy for enhancing the water evaporation rate within an identical projection area or footprint by increasing the sidewall height. fx1 Highlights • The evaporative area plays an important role in the solar water evaporation. • Carbon black nanoparticles in commercial ink were used for photothermal conversion. • Nanoink-stained PVA sponge has an evaporative rate of 2.15 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun. • A nanoink-stained PVA sponge can treat the mixed organic dyes and domestic sewage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aerobic granules were successfully cultivated at 10 °C with relatively low strength substrate. Stable granules coexisted with the batt-like sludge (BLS) were obtained in 60 days. After removing the BLS, nutrient removal performance was greatly improved and stable removal efficiencies of 99% phosphorous, 98% ammonia and 60% TN were achieved. The bacterial community structure revealed that it was an unclassified-Comamonadaceae genus dominant in the BLS, which represented for low relative abundance in mature granules. Overgrowth of unclassified-Comamonadaceae genus was considered to be the key factor for inhibiting the performance of granules. The final configuration of granules was dominated by DPAO genus Flavobacterium and polysaccharide nutritional genus Chryseolinea. This study showed that stable aerobic granules with superior performance under low temperature could be successfully cultivated by sieving out the BLS. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Stable aerobic granules can be cultivated at 10 °C by sieving out the batt-like sludge. • The system was operated at low temperature and low substrate strength conditions. • The batt-like sludge greatly inhibited the nutrient removal performance. • An unclassified-Comamonadaceae genus was dominant in the batt-like sludge. • Genera Flavobacterium and Chryseolinea dominated in the final granules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A full-scale integrated UAB-DSB system was constructed for treating domestic sewage. • Effects of various parameters were investigated to optimize process operation. • The UAB-DSB system achieved efficient COD, NH 4 +-N, TN, and TP removals from water. • Spatial variations of the microbial community structure and functions were determined. • Process mechanisms involved in the UAB-DSB system were revealed comprehensively. At present the problem of not satisfying the increasingly strict emission standards in the biological treatment of domestic sewage characterized by high nitrogen and phosphorus stress has become prominent, especially under the insufficient carbon source. For the efficient treatment of low-carbon sewage, a full-scale integrated system was constructed and practically applied, which is based on a combination of an up-flow aerated biofilter and a denitrification shallow biofilter (UAB-DSB). The effects of operation parameters such as air/water ratio, hydraulic load, C/N ratio, and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) dosage on nitrogen and phosphorus removal were investigated. With the optimal parameters, the maximum removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH 4 +-N, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) reached approximately 90%, 85%, 80%, and 92%, respectively, achieving an excellent quality effluent. Based on the water quality changes along the filter layer height, a dynamic equation for predicting NH 4 +-N removal was established, which can be applicable to different hydraulic loads. High-throughput sequencing analysis results indicated that the dominant bacteria genera were Longilinea , Nitrospira , and Terrimonas in UAB, while those in DSB were Longilinea , Ornatilinea , and Thauera. As proved by metagenomic analysis, the nxrA and nxrB genes encoded key enzymes in the nitrification, while narG, napA, nirS, norB, and nosZ genes were mainly responsible for the denitrification. By analyzing the spatial variations of the microbial communities and functions, the main mechanisms underlying the UAB-DSB system along the water flow direction were in turn carbon removal, ammoniation, synchronous nitrification and denitrification, aerobic denitrification, and heterotrophic denitrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A constructed floating wetland using macrophytes Typha domingensis Pers. was applied to the treatment of raw sewage in a municipal sewage treatment plant in south Brazil. During 12 months, the average removal of organic matter was evaluated by chemical oxygen demand (COD), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5) and by total suspended solids (TSS) analysis and a removal efficiency of 55, 56 and 78% was, respectively, obtained. For nutrients, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) was reduced in 41% and total phosphorus, in 37%. The floating mats supported satisfactorily the macrophytes. This floating arrangement was applied as a single step on the sewage treatment. It is an effective alternative in Brazilian sewage treatment systems, where wetlands are normally used as a polishing step. The evaluation of parameters in the treatment system may give useful information in order to improve the removal efficiency and increase the quality of the water bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effluent concentrations of pollutants, electricity production and microbial community structure, a pilot-scale microbial fuel cell coupled anaerobic–anoxic–oxic system for domestic sewage treatment was constructed, and continuously operated for more than 1 year under natural conditions. The results indicated that the treatment system ran well most of the whole period, but both effluent qualities and electricity production deteriorated at low temperature. The results of MiSeq sequencing showed that the microbial community structures of both anode and cathode biofilms changed extensively during long-term operation and were correlated with changes in effluent qualities. Fifteen genera of electricigens were detected in the anode biofilm, mainly including Clostridium , Paracoccus , Pseudomonas, and Arcobacter . Partial Mantel test results showed that the temperature had significant effects on the microbial community structure. The electricity production was found to have higher relevance to the variation of the anodic community than that of the cathodic community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, biomass production and domestic sewage treatment in hybrid systems under bacterial-microalga consortia were assessed. Biomass was grown suspended in the growth media of high-rate ponds (HRPs) and attached in biofilm reactors (BRs). These hybrid systems were operated with and without the addition of CO 2 (HS2 and HS1, respectively) in the HRP growth media. The performances of these systems were compared with that of a conventional HRP with CO 2 supplementation. Regarding sewage treatment with microalgae and bacteria consortia, the three systems showed no significant differences in the removal of organisms associated with faecal contamination, organic matter and most nutrients. However, nitrate levels were increased in the hybrid systems due to the presence of BRs. There were no differences in algal biomass production among the three systems, which remained in the 0.6–0.7 g m −2 range. HS1 showed the highest total biomass production of 101.31 g m −2 at a production rate of 6.79 g m −2 day −1 . The BR of HS1 was able to supply the necessary CO 2 and therefore no additional gas supplementation was required. This result indicates that a conventional HRP with CO 2 supplementation can be replaced by a hybrid system with biofilm reactor, with additional advantages of resources saving, operational simplicity and easier harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new hybrid system of DMBR-IVCW, which com-bines a dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR) unit and an integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVCW) unit, was applied to treat domestic sewage. The results showed the total removal efficiencies of DMBR-IVCW system at three different operation conditions were 90.3, 93.3 and 92.6% for COD, 93.0, 89.8 and 85.1% for TN, 85.4, 88.0 and 90.4% for TP, and 93.3, 97.3 and 99.1% for turbidity, respectively. The effluent reaches the Class I of National Discharge Standards for sewage in China (GB8978-1996), and can be directly used for water reclama-tion and reuse. We found that the DMBR unit had good efficiency on removing COD and turbidity, together with great steady performance to buffer organic loadings and hydraulic shocks, while the IVCW unit acted more like an ecological enhanced treatment for the DMBR unit, remov-ing N, P and other nutrients. This hybrid system coupling the advantages of the both units should provide an effective method for high quality effluent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have been used increasingly for municipal wastewater treatment. The current wastewater treatment plants are designed to treat three times the average flow in dry weather (DWF) which covers the expected range of incoming flow rates. If throughput in MBRs can be changed readily by changing the energy input into the system, a smaller plant can be designed. Under varying throughput operation, a high aeration rate is required to generate a high crossflow velocity to minimize fouling. At low flow rates, a low aeration rate is used to minimize energy consumption. The aim of this work is to explore the feasibility of designing smaller membrane plants by varying the throughput. This requires the control of membrane fouling, so that chemical cleaning is not compromised. Fouling is controlled by limiting the membrane flux and also by flushing the surface of the membranes with large air bubbles. Variations of the permeate flux and the aeration rate were varied in this study and their effect on controlling fouling noted. Intermittent permeation while retaining aeration was found to be an effective technique for long-term sustainability of high fluxes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this study, an integrated multi-soil-layering and subsurface wastewater infiltration (MSL-SWI) system was developed for decentralized domestic sewage treatment under high hydraulic loading rates (HLRs). To improve sustainable nitrogen removal, the influence of intermittent operation and shunt distributing wastewater on the performance of MSL-SWI systems was investigated. The optimal performance—with removal efficiencies of 93.41% for chemical oxygen demand, 97.91% for total phosphorus, 74.02% for ammonia nitrogen, and 73.56% for total nitrogen—was achieved using both intermittent operation and shunt distributing wastewater under an HLR of 0.3 m3 m−2 d−1. The activity of microbial nitrogen functional genes (i.e., amoA, nirK, nirS, nosZ, and anammox 16S rRNA) and their relationships with nitrogen transformation rates were further analyzed in different layers of the system. The results imply that nitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in the MSL section coupled with nitrification and denitrification in the SWI section contribute to main the mechanisms of sustainable nitrogen removal. In summary, MSL-SWI systems not only operate with high efficiency under high HLRs, but the contaminant removal is also stable and sustainable, which are promising properties for domestic sewage treatment in areas where land resources are limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A one-stage anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) reactor can be quickly started within 40 days by mixing partial nitrifying sludge with ANAMMOX granular sludge with an average temperature of 30 °C. After 70 days of nitrogen load acclimation, Acinetobacter, including Candidatus Kuenenia, became the dominant strain of the system within the reactor, which exhibited high efficiency and a stable nitrogen removal performance. At an influent chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH 4 + -N content, total nitrogen (TN) content, hydraulic retention time (HRT), temperature, and reactor dissolved oxygen (DO) content of 100, 60, and 70 mg/L, 6 h, 30 ± 1 °C, and below 0.6 mg/L, respectively, the one-stage ANAMMOX reactor could effectively treat domestic sewage on campus. The removal rates of COD, NH 4 + -N, and TN were approximately 89%, 96.7%, and 70%, respectively.

To investigate the effluent concentrations of pollutants, electricity production and microbial community structure, a pilot-scale microbial fuel cell coupled anaerobic-anoxic-oxic system for domestic sewage treatment was constructed, and continuously operated for more than 1 year under natural conditions. The results indicated that the treatment system ran well most of the whole period, but both effluent qualities and electricity production deteriorated at low temperature. The results of MiSeq sequencing showed that the microbial community structures of both anode and cathode biofilms changed extensively during long-term operation and were correlated with changes in effluent qualities. Fifteen genera of electricigens were detected in the anode biofilm, mainly including Clostridium, Paracoccus, Pseudomonas, and Arcobacter. Partial Mantel test results showed that the temperature had significant effects on the microbial community structure. The electricity production was found to have higher relevance to the variation of the anodic community than that of the cathodic community., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)