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An in‐situ regenerative soot particulate matter sensor for automotive exhaust systems based on a discrete AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) was developed and tested, where charge‐sensitive AlGaN/GaN HEMT was utilized to detect the signal variations caused by the presence of soot particulate matters, and the micro‐hotplate serves as soot deposition, while the self‐heating unit was used for sensing and in‐situ regeneration. The two parts were connected for electrical signal transmission. Soot particulate were generated by a laminar diesel flame with an adsorption rate of 23.29 μg cm−2 min−1 on the sensor surface, resulting in 1.32% sensing response after 20 s deposition and reached saturation after a 12 minute deposition of soot. After soot deposition, the sensor was successfully regenerated when a voltage of 2 V was applied to the micro‐hot plate, causing in‐situ heat‐up to reach 600°C for 30 seconds. Moreover, benefiting from the advantage of discrete structure, the sensor exhibited consistent and stable response characteristics even after undergoing more than 10 consecutive regeneration cycles, and the replaceable micro‐hotplate could further extend the service life of the sensor. These results show that the discrete AlGaN/GaN HEMT sensor can be a promising soot particulate sensing platform for automotive exhaust systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Problems of Friction & Wear is the property of National Aviation University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista EntreLínguas is the property of Revista EntreLinguas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista EntreLínguas is the property of Revista EntreLinguas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Eleven complexes and adduct have been synthesized and studied by infrared. The suggested structures are discrete with tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, square planar or octahedral environments around Zn, Ni, Hg and Cu centres – the coordination number is eight in the yttrium compound and ten in the dysprosium one-. The maleate anion behaves as a bidentate, a monochelating, a bichelating or a tetradentate ligand while the formiate anion behaves as a monodentate ligand. For compounds containing a protonated amine or a methanol molecule, when hydrogen bonds are considered a supramolecular architecture may be obtained.

In this paper, we investigate the problem of dominant point detection on digital curves which consists in finding points with local maximum curvature. Thanks to previous studies of the decomposition of curves into sequence of discrete structures [1–3] , namely maximal blurred segments of width ν [4] , an initial algorithm has been proposed in [5] to detect dominant points. However, an heuristic strategy is used to identify the dominant points. We now propose a modified algorithm without heuristics but a simple measure of angle. In addition, two applications are as well presented: (1) polygonal simplification to reduce the number of detected dominant points by associating a weight to each of them, and (2) classification using the polygon issued from the reduced dominant points. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the research concerning crack propagation in discrete media is carried out for specific types of external loading: displacements on the boundaries, or constant energy fluxes or feeding waves originating from infinity. In this paper the action of a moving load is analysed on the simplest lattice model: a thin strip, where the fault propagates in the middle portion as the result of the moving force acting on the destroyed part of the structure. We study both analytically and numerically how the load amplitude and its velocity influence the possible solutions, and specifically the way the fracture process reaches its steady-state regimes. We present the relation between the possible steady-state crack speeds and the loading parameters, as well as the energy release rate. In particular, we show that there exists a class of loading regimes corresponding to each point on the energy-speed diagram (and thus determine the same limiting steady-state regime). The phenomenon of the ”forbidden regimes” is discussed in detail, from both the points of view of force and energy. For a sufficiently anisotropic structure, we find a stable steady-state propagation corresponding to the ”slow” crack. Numerical simulations reveal various ways by which the process approaches - or fails to approach - the steady-state regime. The results extend our understanding of fracture processes in discrete structures, and reveal some new questions that should be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eleven complexes and adduct have been synthesized and studied by infrared. The suggested structures are discrete with tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, square planar or octahedral environments around Zn, Ni, Hg and Cu centres - the coordination number is eight in the yttrium compound and ten in the dysprosium one-. The maleate anion behaves as a bidentate, a monochelating, a bichelating or a tetradentate ligand while the formiate anion behaves as a monodentate ligand. For compounds containing a protonated amine or a methanol molecule, when hydrogen bonds are considered a supramolecular architecture may be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new phenylarseniato adducts and derivatives containing SnR3 (R = Bu, Ph) residue have been synthesized and studied by infrared spectroscopy. The suggested structures are discrete, the anion behaving as a bi- or tri- dentate ligand. When the cation is involved through hydrogen bonds, supramolecular architectures are obtained.

Five perchlorato adducts have been synthesized and studied by infrared. The structures are discrete, the perchlorate anion behaving a monodentate or a bidentate ligand.

Eight new SnC2O4Cl2 adducts and derivatives have been synthesized and studied by infrared. Ionic discrete structures have been suggested on the basis of infrared data, the environment around the tin (IV) centre being tetrahedral or octahedral.

When Cy2NH and Bu2NH in the presence of a very little amount of water are allowed to react with metal halide CdBr2, SbCl3 or SbCl5, hydroxyl adducts with protonated amines as adverse cations were obtained. Their infrared study allows concluding the presence of OH- linked to the metallic center.

We fabricated flaky FeSiAl (FFSA) absorption coatings and flaky FeSiAl (FFSA)/carbon black (CB) composite absorption coatings, and studied the effects of a discrete structure on the absorption performance of both coatings. The electromagnetic parameters of FFSA and CB were measured in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz using transmission/reflection technology. We also investigated the electromagnetic loss mechanisms of FFSA and CB. The microwave absorption properties of the coatings were determined by measuring the reflection loss (RL) using the arch method. We then analyzed the effects of the contents and the discrete structure on absorption properties. The results showed that, for the FFSA coatings, discrete structures markedly improved absorption properties. When the discrete unit sizes decreased, the absorption properties increased. The addition of CB further improved the absorption performance of the FFSA absorption coating. And when FFSA/CB composite coatings were cut into discrete structures, the absorption peak values decreased and the absorption peak frequencies shifted toward higher frequency ranges, which were consistent with those of the FFSA coating. Because of the conductivity differences between FFSA and CB, the FFSA/CB composite coatings with discrete structures had significant improvements in absorption. The improved absorption weakened when the CB content achieved a certain value. The equivalent circuit models were built to analyze the improvement mechanisms of absorption properties when the coating was cut into a discrete structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new organotin complexes (two selenito and an oxalate one) adducts have been synthesized and studied by infrared and Mössbauer techniques. A discrete structure is suggested with a bi-unidentate selenito oxyanion and trans bipyramidal SnPh3 residue; the oxalato adduct can be seen as an insertion compound between C2O4(SnPh3)2 and [Cu(En)3]C2O4•4SnPh2C2O4. This last compound has a discrete ionic structure with cis coordinated SnPh2 residues.

Seven molybdato and hydrogenomolybdato new adducts with HgPh2, HgCl2, HgBr2, CdCl2, CdBr2 and SbF3 have been synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The suggested structures are discrete, the oxyanions behaving as polychelating ligands. When non symmetrical cations are involved, supramolecular architectures are obtained.

The mixture of ethanolic solutions of Ph3CCOOSnPh3 and Ph3PO or Ph3AsO gives Ph3CCOOSnPh3.Ph3PO and Ph3CCOOSnPh3.Ph3AsO adducts which have been characterized by infrared spectroscopy. A discrete structure is suggested for both, the environment around the tin centre being trigonal bipyramidal, the triphenylacetate anion behaving as a mondentate ligand.

On allowing Me4NO2CSO3H (in water) to react with SnCl4 (in ethanol) the studied complex is obtained. The suggested structure is discrete, the anion behaving as a polydentate and chelating ligand, the environment around tin being octahedral.

A method of improving the electromagnetic (EM) absorption property of conventional microwave absorber (CMA) is proposed here. The structural design process was mainly concerned with systematic analysis and research into the impedance matching characteristic and induced current. By processing a CMA-carbonyl-iron powder (CIP) coating into many isolated regions, the discrete-structure microwave absorber (DMA) had a much better absorption property than the corresponding CMA. When the thickness was only 2.0 mm and the component content was 33 wt%, the loss of reflection was less than −10 dB shifted from 6–7 GHz to 7–13 GHz and the loss of minimum reflection decreased from 12.5 dB lost to 32 dB lost through a discrete-structure process. The microwave absorption properties of coatings with different component contents and thicknesses were investigated. The minimum reflection peaks tended to shift towards the lower frequency region as CIP content or coating thickness increased. By adjusting these three factors, a high-performance broadband absorber was produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes and analyzes the results of the numerical calculations of new residual stresses in EIL surfaces defined by their optimal thickness and density. The described method of applying boundary conditions to the finite-element models and, based on the calculations, reasonable choice density of finite element at modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of complicated, diversified three-dimensional world, the existing 3D GIS data models suffer from certain issues such as data incompatibility, insufficiency in data representation and representation types, among others. It is often hard to meet the requirements of multiple application purposes (users) related to GIS spatial data management and data query and analysis, especially in the case of massive spatial objects. In this study, according to the habits of human thinking and recognition, discrete expressions (such as discrete curved surface ( DCS), and discrete body ( DB)) were integrated and two novel representation types (including function structure and mapping structure) were put forward. A flexible and extensible ubiquitous knowledgeable data representation model (UKRM) was then constructed, in which structurally heterogeneous multiple expressions (including boundary representation (B-rep), constructive solid geometry (CSG), functional/parameter representation, etc.) were normalized. GIS's ability in representing the massive, complicated and diversified 3D world was thus greatly enhanced. In addition, data reuse was realized, and the bridge linking static GIS to dynamic GIS was built up. Primary experimental results illustrated that UKRM was overwhelmingly superior to the current data models (e.g. IFC, CityGML) in describing both regular and irregular spatial objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was considered the peculiarities of prior laser treatment influence on the structure and properties of nitrided layers on steel surface. The general regularities of influence of laser beam parameters and the pattern of treatment on contact fatigue and tribological properties of the coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innovative nature of the methods discrete surfaces by deformation, modification, printing films, coatings, protective layers of different methods and their combinations for improving tribotechnical properties of machine parts and mechanisms have been described. The problems and prospects of technologies for discrete surfaces have been shown in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discrete structure manipulation is a fundamental technique for solving many kinds of problems. Recently, BDD (Binary Decision Diagram) and ZDD (Zero-suppressed BDD) attract a great deal of attention, because they efficiently represent and manipulate large-scale combinational logic data, which are the basic discrete structures in various fields of applications, including system verification/optimization, knowledge discovery, statistical analysis, etc. Last year, the author proposed a new research project to focus on BDDs/ZDDs. In this proposal, as a new viewpoint of BDD/ZDD-based techniques, we intended to organize an integrated method of algebraic operations for manipulating various types of discrete structures, and to construct standard techniques for efficiently solving large-scale and practical problems. Fortunately, the proposal was accepted by JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency) as an ERATO (Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology) project, one of the prestigious projects in Japan. In this article, we present an overview of our research project. Our project aims to develop 'The Art' of discrete structure manipulation between Science and Engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The task of visualization, as it applies to computing, includes by default the notion of pluralism and perspectivism since there is an explicit attempt at representing one, often textual, interface in terms of a more graphical one. This desire for alternate, subjective perspectives is consistent with art theory and practice, and even though rigor and formalism generally mean different things to artists and computer scientists, there is room for collaboration and connection by applying artistic aesthetics to computing, while maintaining that which makes computing a viable, usable field. This new area is called aesthetic computing. Within this area, there is an attempt to balance qualitative with quantitative representational aspects of visual computing, recognizing that aesthetics creates a dimension that is consistent with supporting numerous visual perspectives. We introduce one aspect of aesthetic computing, with specific examples from our research and teaching to illustrate the potential and possibilities associated with alternate representations of discrete structures such as finite state automata and a data flow network. We limit ourselves, and our methodology, to model notations with components that bear a largely symbolic connection to what they represent, thus providing greater degrees of representational freedom. We show that by exploring aesthetics, we surface some important philosophical and cultural questions regarding notation, which turn out to be at least as important as the algorithmic and procedural means of achieving customized model component representations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A theoretical explanation is given to the experiments on Brewster reflection of light from the surface of certain liquids on the basis of the near field effects in a transitional layer. The consideration was carried out within the framework of the concept of a discrete continuous dielectric in which the fields of the dipoles of discretely distributed atoms inside the Lorentz sphere surrounding the observation point are taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]