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The field of language instruction is crucial in Canada, given the number of newcomers seeking to improve their English (or French) language skills after arrival. For those who plan to enter post-secondary education but do not meet required language proficiency scores, English for Academic Purposes (EAP) programs provide opportunities to strengthen linguistic and academic skills. These inarguably pragmatic goals are often unquestioned, yet EAP instruction is an ideological undertaking with social, economic, and political consequences. This qualitative study investigates language ideologies – rationalizations and justifications for language use and form – through interviews with EAP writing instructors. As participants discussed the material they taught, the language skills students developed, and the consequences of studying EAP writing, ideologies regarding what forms of language should be taught, the purposes of academic writing (instruction), and the social and political dimensions of language were (re)produced and resisted. Formative influences on these ideologies included education, upbringing, and personal language learning experiences. Developing a critical awareness of the understandings of language that inform teaching and learning can make more transparent the linguistic and social discourses that circulate within and beyond EAP writing classrooms and help instructors, students, and other EAP community members (re)produce or resist them strategically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces a new dataset on how international organizations (IOs) justify their authority. For a long time, IOs were believed to derive legitimacy from member-state consent and technocratic problem-solving capacities. Over recent decades, the growing politicization of IOs, political polarization within Western democracies, and power shifts in the international system have spurred IOs' efforts to justify their right to rule, using a variety of legitimation practices. While research on the theory and practice of IO legitimation has grown considerably over the past decade, much of this work builds on case studies of prominent global and regional IOs. As a result, we lack data suitable for systematic comparative analyses across time, IOs, and world regions. The Legitimation Strategies of Regional Organizations (LegRO) dataset aims to narrow this gap, providing data on the standards, intensity, and modes of legitimation for twenty eight regional IOs from 1980 to 2019. These variables inform theoretical and policy-relevant research on contemporary global governance by providing the first systematic overview of IOs' legitimation practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decree 1584/2010 by Fernández de Kirchner officially establishes the name 'Day of Respect for Cultural Diversity' for the anniversary of October 12. This work aims to explore the discursive representations of this date. The study employs the theoretical framework of critical discourse studies and analyzes 32 semi-structured interviews conducted in six institutions in San Miguel de Tucumán (Argentina) between 2015 and 2018. It is based on the hypothesis that the change in 2010 has generated a multiplicity of discursive representations. The results indicate that there is a predominant one that rides on two images: that of the Discovery of America associated with Day of the Race and that of the Day of Respect for Cultural Diversity. A commemorative change towards a new content and paradigm is inferred, then, but it is far from having been accepted by the adult population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This perspective explores the role of the bioethicist in shaping public discourse through the media, while accounting for the power of narratives and voice [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, which examines the emergence of the diaspora option in Cameroon, contributes to a growing body of critical analysis on migration and development, and in particular on diasporas and their potential for development. By mobilizing the notion of "magic concept" as its main focus, this work shows how public administration literature enriches and completes the critique of the diaspora option. This analysis, based on a survey of some fifteen civil servants, experts and professionals, demonstrates that in a context where the challenges and constraints to be overcome in order to make effective use of the diaspora's potential are numerous and not fully addressed by the public authorities, the diaspora option can be perceived as a magic concept or a totem promoted by the State and international organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autonomy and independence have become crucial elements of end-of-life decision making. Opinions on the latter are, however, strongly contested in public discourses. This contribution analyses arguments in favour of and against a Dutch civil society initiative which promotes the extension of the legislation on euthanasia. The authors investigate Dutch newspapers associated with three groups: religious, liberal and humanist perspectives, and do so by utilising quantitative and qualitative elements from a discourse-analytical perspective, raising the following questions: Which stances can be identified? How do different parties position themselves with regard to a 'completed life' and a 'good death'? To what extent do these positions create demarcations between 'us' and 'them'? The authors show that the debate developed along the lines of three key topoi: the topos of autonomy, the topos of human worth and the topos of embeddedness. The authors thereby identify how the different discursive positions define different visions of dying as 'legitimate' and as a proper end to a completed life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans cette étude, on montrera que les répercussions d'événements graves (accidents, catastrophes, violences terroristes, guerres...) sur des personnes qui n'ont pas assisté directement à ces faits (victimes collatérales) dépendent des histoires de vie et des fragilités antérieures de ces personnes. À la lumière d'un nouvel outil qu'on appellera « Méta-entretien » associé à une analyse structurale de discours, on examinera le cas de Michèle L. en suggérant que l'activité créatrice pourrait constituer une possibilité de réparation des blessures provoquées par ces événements graves. In this study, it will be shown that the repercussions of serious events (accidents, disasters, terrorist violence, wars...) on people who have not directly witnessed these facts (collateral victims) depend on the life stories and previous fragilities of these people. In the light of a new tool called "Meta-interview" associated with a structural analysis of discourse, we will examine the case of Michèle L. by suggesting that creative activity could constitute a possibility of repairing the wounds caused by these serious events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malgré un intérêt sociétal croissant et un enrichissement progressif de la description séméiologique des troubles psychiques post-traumatiques dans les mondes anglophones et francophones contemporains, le sous-diagnostic et les diagnostics tardifs, au stade des souffrances intenses, restent nombreux. En effet, les origines post-traumatiques des troubles sont le plus souvent tues, du fait même de leurs caractéristiques cliniques souvent entendues comme « indicibles », tel que le dit la littérature. Comment parler de son trauma ? Est-ce vraiment possible ? Après explicitation des données linguistiques d'intérêt concernant la production verbale normale, nous étudions les récits d'événements traumatiques produits par des personnes rescapées des attentats de Paris (attentat au Bataclan) et par des militaires souffrant de trouble de stress post-traumatique (guerre en Afghanistan) afin d'authentifier leurs dysfluences langagières (pauses non démarcatives, répétitions, énoncés incomplets) comparativement à un groupe témoin. Vers l'objectif de remédier aux ruptures discursives, nous précisons les stratégies spontanément utilisées par les patients pour franchir les difficultés de dicibilité de leur expérience traumatique (recours aux périphrases, métaphores, mots génériques). Considérant les dysfluences, notre hypothèse est partiellement vérifiée : les récits traumatiques contiennent significativement davantage de répétitions et d'énoncés incomplets que les récits contrôles, mais aucune différence n'a été observée eu égard aux pauses silencieuses ou remplies. Concernant les stratégies adaptatives, les récits traumatiques contiennent davantage de périphrases et de métaphores, tandis que le recours à des mots génériques n'est pas plus important que dans les récits témoins. La non-significativité des données concernant les pauses pourrait être conséquentielle à la taille de nos corpus, car une augmentation du nombre d'occurrences de chaque dysfluence étudiée se sensibilise progressivement des témoins aux personnes blessées psychiques d'attentats, puis de guerre, en suivant graduellement : énoncés incomplets, répétitions, pauses silencieuses, et enfin, pauses remplies. Cette majoration peut s'expliquer par la chronicisation des symptômes du trouble de stress aigu correspondant au corpus « Bataclan », jusqu'à un trouble psychique post-traumatique chronique présent depuis plusieurs années, comme chez les militaires interrogés. Nous pouvons donc faire l'hypothèse d'une typologie des dysfluences en fonction du degré de chronicité du syndrome de répétition traumatique. Eu égard aux stratégies palliatives, certaines métaphores utilisées par les patients blessés psychiques restent des métaphores au sens linguistique du terme, sans nécessairement devenir des métaphores au sens psychologique de la pleine accession au second degré, à la symbolisation, à l'association de dimensions initialement dissociées par le trauma. Toutefois, dans le discours de certains patients, un gradient de métaphorisation, de l'image traumatique littérale à la construction symbolique, semble exister, comme une voie vers la guérison. La métaphorisation apparaît constituer un outil permettant de surpasser les reviviscences. Ce n'est ainsi pas tellement la thématique de la métaphore qui s'avère psychothérapiquement importante mais le processus même de sa formation. Du défusing au débriefing vers les soins subséquents lorsque nécessaire, les principes classiquement promus par les psychothérapies concourent à un objectif commun : la symbolisation du traumatisme. L'étude psycholinguistique apparaît ici un espace de recherche heuristique afin d'expliciter l'étiopathogénie, les formes cliniques et l'offre de soins efficiente proposée aux patients souffrant de troubles psychiques post-traumatiques. Tandis que le syndrome psycholinguistique traumatique (SPLIT) témoigne de l'atteinte du langage constitutive du trauma, inversement, c'est le langage déployé au cours de la psychothérapie qui permet de s'extraire des reviviscences. À l'heure où différentes « écoles » s'annoncent concurrentes dans l'univers des psychothérapies (protocoles comportementaux et cognitifs, traitements par l'hypnose, thérapies par mouvements oculaires, thérapies narratives, etc.), l'analyse de la restauration du langage pourrait unifier une conception spécifique de l'apaisement des conséquences traumatiques tout en définissant des marqueurs linguistiques offrant d'évaluer l'efficacité des traitements recommandés. Despite a growing societal interest and a progressive enrichment of the semiological description of post-traumatic psychic disorders in the contemporary English and French-speaking literatures, under-diagnosis and late diagnosis, at the stage of intense suffering, remain numerous. Indeed, the post-traumatic origins of the disorders are most often kept silent, due to their clinical characteristics which are often understood as "unspeakable" as the literature says. How to talk about one's trauma? Is it really possible? After clarifying the linguistic data of interest concerning normal verbal production, we study the accounts of traumatic events produced by survivors of the Paris attacks (Bataclan attack) and by military personnel suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (war in Afghanistan) in order to authenticate their language dysfluencies (pauses, repetitions, incomplete utterances) compared to a control group.We specify the strategies spontaneously used by the patients to overcome the difficulties in describing their traumatic experience (use of periphrases, metaphors, generic words). Regarding dysfluencies, our hypothesis was partially verified: the traumatic narratives contained significantly more repetitions and incomplete utterances than the control narratives, but no difference was observed with respect to silent or filled pauses. Regarding adaptive strategies, the trauma narratives contained more periphrases and metaphors, while the use of generic words was not greater than in the control narratives. The non-significance of the data concerning pauses could be consequential to the size of our corpus because an increase in the number of occurrences of each dysfluency studied is gradually sensitized from control to psychically injured people of attacks, then of war, following gradually: incomplete statements, repetitions, silent pauses, and finally filled pauses. This increase can be explained by the chronicisation of the symptoms of the acute stress disorder corresponding to the "Bataclan" corpus, up to a chronic post-traumatic psychic disorder present for several years as in the military interviewed. We can therefore hypothesize a typology of dysfluencies according to the degree of chronicity of the traumatic repetitive syndrome. With regard to palliative strategies, many metaphors used by psychically injured patients remain metaphors in the linguistic sense of the term, without necessarily becoming metaphors in the psychological sense of full access to the second degree, to symbolization, to the association of dimensions initially dissociated by the trauma. However, in the discourse of certain patients, a gradient of metaphorization, from the literal traumatic image to the symbolic construction, seems to exist, as a path towards healing. Metaphorization appears to be a tool for overcoming trauma re-experiencing. It is not so much the theme of the metaphor that is psychotherapeutically important but the process itself of its formation. From defusing to debriefing to subsequent care when necessary, the principles classically promoted by the psychotherapies work towards a common goal: the symbolization of the trauma. The psycholinguistic study appears here as a heuristic research space in order to clarify the etiopathogeny, the clinical forms and the efficient care offered to patients suffering from post-traumatic psychic disorders. While the traumatic psycholinguistic syndrome (SPLIT) reflects the damage to language that is constitutive of the trauma, conversely, it is language rebuilt during psychotherapy that allows one to escape from the intrusions. At a time when different "schools" of psychotherapy (behavioral and cognitive protocols, hypnosis treatments, eye movement therapies, narrative therapies, etc.) are competing with each other, the analysis of language restoration could unify a specific conception of the alleviation of traumatic consequences while defining linguistic markers that would allow us to evaluate the effectiveness of the recommended treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work brings into the light the tight link that knots hysteria, the clinic and psychoanalysis since Freud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textbooks are a material constantly present in classrooms. As a source of research on the history of school subjects, they gained greater prominence worldwide from the 1980s onwards. They are materials that are added to school culture and refer to both schooling and education processes. Reflecting on textbooks as sources of research in the History of Scholar Geography implies moving from a conception of them as a mere depository of "discourses", to that of a constructor of discourses and social visions of the world, for example, concerning Brazil and the processes of (re)production of their territories. The discussion about textbooks, then, uses examples of textbooks published during the Estado Novo (1930-1945), a moment of structuring of the national education system and institutionalisation of Geography in Brazil. By using textbooks as a research source, we propose that they be linked to broader processes, educational legislation and school cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to analyze trauma during the pandemic through the concepts of discourse and fantasy by using the bibliographic research method. First, it discusses the widening of the generalized transference regarding the medical discourse during the pandemic. Second, it examines the role of fantasy in shaping the catastrophic event of the Covid-19 pandemic as a psychic trauma. Third, it analyzes the characteristics of the Covid-19 pandemic favorable to the emergence of trauma. It finally points out the presence of generalized abandonment in the pandemic, a context favorable to the eruption of trauma, which will only be triggered if the pandemic catastrophe conflicts with the meanings of the subject's fantasy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each day, the world has been more virtualized. We not only stablish bonds by virtuality, but we also try to stablish bonds with these small techno science's objects: the gadgets. Based on this, this article aims to explore the social bond that there is between the subjects and their consumption objects, as we can notice on her movie, in which a man falls in love for an operational system's voice. To do so, we use Lacan's speeches theory which helped us to work on the subject's questions and the social bond from the use of technology and recognizing in it something from the subject and the bond itself, as well as think about its limits and possibilities at this point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescent motherhood raises questions that are always current and transversal in socio-cultural contexts as South American countries facing birth policies. It expresses a fundamental dimension of sexuality that needs to be analyzed from a clinical and cultural point of view in the educational field. Based on a research experience carried out in Colombia, this article analyzes the psychic, intersubjective and cultural stakes of the relationship to contraception and motherhood during adolescence, in the face of the medical and educational discourse on family planning and, in the background, on the voluntary interruption of pregnancy. Through certain themes, female subjects express themselves in their relationships with others, with parents before sexual partners, defying health and academic knowledge and discourse, in the cultural contexts of socalled "southern" countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted humanity, casting the world's Education Systems into an unprecedented crisis: schools have had to close down and teachers have been liable to teach in ways they had never used before and which they had never been prepared for. Being faced with this new situation, their voices were heard in a multitude of forms, starting with a spontaneous expression of their point of view on social networks and ending with some scientific discourses that were formulated during professional events and gathered in volumes. Our paper aims to analyze a corpus of speeches made by some Romanian teachers during the pandemic, to identify, in this way, their reactions to these major changes, as well as certain shortor long-term effects on the Romanian Education System in the post-pandemic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evocation of the past is considered, in the rhetorical tradition, an essential strategy, which obliges the speaker to undertake attentive work of discursive construction. Whoever speaks on the public stage is supposed to integrate and revalorize the collective memory, not only by evoking past events, but also by using the symbolic force of the images preserved in the language. The task proves difficult, if we consider that political discourse is addressed to an often indeterminate audience, placed in the most diverse contexts of reception. Furthermore, supporting arguments from the past, whatever their nature (evocations, examples, values, etc.), aims not only to found reasoning, but also to arouse emotions, to engage in polemics, to counter negative representations of a sometimes painful history. Our aim will be to examine more carefully to what extent the discursive imprint of the past is present, through its linguistic traces, in a recent political discourse which serves as our starting point. We will emphasize the functions of some processes through which traces of history are recovered, semiotically reinvested and rendered as an argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Illiteracy, a french concept that appeared in the 1970s, is more topical than ever. If the latest studies have pointed to a decrease of this phenomenom, the media often evokes the spread of illiteracy, which then takes on the appearance of a social pathology. Some regions of France are particularly affected by illiteracy: this is the case of Reunion Island, an overseas department and ancient French colony. Reunion Island is a multicultural and multilingual territory, where creolization has allowed the hybridization of cultures, lifestyles and linguistic practices. It is also described as a society with an oral tradition. In this context, what is the vision of literacy? In what terms do we speak of illiteracy? This article explores and confronts the dominant discourse (media and institutional) with the individual discourse of people supposed to be illiterate or to have difficulties in their writing practices. These minority discourses appear more nuanced, even dissenting, and to a certain extent advocate the normality of the state of non-literacy. This allows us to question imagination around illiteracy and the singular status of this concept, which appears emblematic of an epistemological divide between two societal models and two relationships to knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, under the heading: Literary Discourse in the Light of the Pragmatic Approach, addresses the question of receiving literary discourse with the support of the procedural programs of the pragmatic course, since it is a contemporary critical theory sorted out by linguistic studies, the semiotic ones in particular. It seeks to decipher the literary text through the lens of the pragmatic standards that takes over studying the discourse in its factual context, not in its lexical domain or grammatical structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the process of communicating the diagnosis of childhood cancer considering the child's position, the parents' place, the effects of the medical discourse, and the intervention possibilities of the discourse of the psychoanalyst. Based on three clinical cases, the discussion points out how the analytic listening helped the team faced with a bioethical conflict increasingly present in pediatric oncology: should the child know the truth, or should they be protected from it? Being aware of the impossibility of telling the whole truth, the analyst can disentangle themself in advance from these imperatives and provide a discursive turn which highlights the child subject's singular knowledge in detriment of the formal academic knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our aim in this paper is to define a discursive construct that we will call the rhetoric of balance, a semantic principle at work in institutional and political discourses on migration, while discussing its euphemistic nature. We rely on the analysis of three phenomena: a dialectic between humanity and firmness, the mention of reciprocity in the discourses on integration and the so-called win-win argument. We conclude on a definition of the rhetoric of balance, which is actualised on units of different orders (lexemes, syntagms, propositions), but which share the following semantic features that can be associated with an ethos of moderation: [+ reciprocity], [+ balance], and [+ positive values]. Finally, it is stressed that the euphemistic effect of the rhetoric of balance, in our view, lies in the erasure of conflict; on the other hand, that the rhetoric of balance in discourses about immigration does not work in a vacuum, but is marked by heterogeneity (economic discourse and managerial discourse, for example). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fear and hatred are affections inherent to human nature; they are not exclusive to the current historical moment but have worsened in recent decades. According to Zygmunt Bauman (2016), "fear and hatred have the same origin and feed on the same thing". Such a statement is an excuse to inquire -through the analytical discourse and by following the Freudian indication- as to what it is feasible to say about the relationship between fear and hatred in the current reality: applying psychoanalytic premises to other practices and fields of knowledge allows us both to raise new problems and to glimpse in a different light those already conceived. This indication invites us to think with the psychoanalytic doctrine, in this case, the discourse of fear and hatred, more than just denouncing it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuroscience has become a new 'truth' in early childhood education across the globe, including in Indonesia. This article aims to demonstrate how the alignment of neuroscience discourse and the legacy of neoliberalism constructs a new form of childhood in Indonesia. The conceptual framework of brain science, predicated on biological determinism, suggests that the brain will significantly influence not only children's development in the present but also will have an impact in the future. Neuroscience is also based on the idea of transparency. Beneath this conceptual framework lies the idea that a child's mind can be made visible through both technological means and standardized development measures. Global neoliberal discourse reinforces this techno-scientific approach through the concept that stimulating children's development facilitates economic growth in a country. This instrumental use of child development contrasts with the paradigm which emphasizes children's agency. This article is based on ongoing and previous fieldwork from both authors. Using Foucault's concept of discourse and disciplinary power, the authors argue that neuroscience has become the truth that hides societal issues such as poverty as well as becomes a form of surveillance that constructs a child as being open to the adult gaze and surveillance. The findings will also illuminate the tension and negotiation between local values and global values in assembling a new form of childhood in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing scholarship on the lives and wellbeing of China's left-behind children often frames the issues as a function of their parents' migration, which leaves a significant gap in discussing the role of the state in shaping the institutional framework that these families operate within, cope or struggle with. Through critically interrogating public discourses based on articles from a mainstream newspaper and policy documents since the early 2000s, this article situates a sociological inquiry into the discursive and institutional framework addressing 'the left-behind children problem' in China within the problematic of the relationship between children, family, and the state. The analysis reveals seemingly 'disingenuous' articulations of left-behind children's value in the mainstream media and official policies. On the one hand, there seems to be a prevailing concern over the welfare of left-behind children which has grave implications for the country's future development. On the other hand, the dominant discourse attributes left-behind children's 'miserable' plight to their 'pathological' family life, which translates into policy efforts to discipline rural migrant families according to a family ideology rooted in urban middle-class experiences. I argue that such inconsistencies should be contextualized in the state's neoliberal-authoritarian governance of the migrant population in the post-reform era, which perpetuates a stereotype of 'the pathological family' to account for left-behind children's disadvantages while evading, hence up until recent years avoiding to redress, the political-economic factors underlying their plight. I conclude the article by ruminating on the theoretical, social and policy implications of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how the South African government and mining corporations have appropriated anti-apartheid and anti-colonial discourses to legitimise Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) as a radically transformative policy without being transformative in conception, discourse, or action. There is a presumption in academic circles that BEE is a panacea for radically transforming historical, structural, and unequal power relations in South Africa. This article rejects this presumption by demonstrating how the conception and discourse of BEE have ignored these power relations and their underlying political economic structures of apartheid capitalism even before the policy was implemented or enforced by the government. Using [Young, Marion. 1990. Justice and the Politics of Difference. Oxford: Oxford University Press] critique of the distributive paradigm of justice, and employing [Fairclough, Norman. 1992. Discourse and Social Change. Cambridge: Polity Press] three-dimensional model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), this article argues that the government and mining corporations present BEE as a new measure of radical transformation while simultaneously reducing this transformation to the micro concept of economic participation, focusing on numbers, representation, and targets rather than on historical, structural, and unequal power relations. As a result, the government and these corporations have reinforced and maintained these power relations while employing the discourse of BEE to masquerade as advancing their transformation. The crux is that BEE encourages Black people to operate within economically and institutionally oppressive structures which amplify the conditions they purport to be challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'action des soignants en santé mentale porte sur la pensée du patient et notre principal accès, à ces pensées, est l'écoute des paroles du patient. Il est important de distinguer, dans cette parole, la dimension de l'énoncé de celle de l'énonciation. Ceci est également valable pour la prescription des psychotropes. Cet article a pour objectif de repositionner la question des discours au centre des préoccupations en santé mentale et d'attirer l'attention des psychiatres et des autres soignants, sur le concept d'énonciation, que ce soit pour la question de la psychothérapie, mais aussi pour celle de la prescription de psychotropes. L'article opère un détour par la linguistique en retraçant son évolution : de l'associationnisme et des aires cérébrales des idées à la linguistique structurale et, plus récemment, à l'émergence de la distinction entre énoncé et énonciation. Cette distinction vient ébranler la discipline en y introduisant les questions du sujet et de la vérité. L'article mentionne ensuite l'influence de la linguistique en psychiatrie et rappelle que la question de l'énonciation était déjà présente dans les travaux de Jacques Schotte et de Jacques Lacan. La tradition psychiatrique n'a pas assez pris en compte cette question de l'énonciation. La sémiologie psychiatrique s'est principalement limitée aux énoncés et aux comportements des patients. Schotte, et surtout Lacan, ont tenté de formaliser l'énonciation et ont traité les questions consubstantielles : le sujet et la vérité. Comment la psychiatrie pourrait-elle intégrer la question de l'énonciation dans sa sémiologie ? Une typologie des discours permet-elle d'établir une sémiologie de l'énonciation ? Les soins (thérapie, psychotropes...) portent-ils d'avantage sur l'énoncé ou sur l'énonciation ? Les psychotropes ne constituent pas, en soi, le traitement d'une maladie mentale. Leur effet se marque sur l'énonciation de la personne et, éventuellement, sur ses énoncés. C'est une écoute précise de ce discours qui doit permettre de moduler la durée et la dose des psychotropes. Ces derniers peuvent agir sur les possibilités de discours ; ils doivent libérer la parole de telle sorte qu'une pensée (délirante, obsessionnelle, mélancolique ou autre) cesse d'être gênante ou envahissante. Caregivers in the mental health field deal mainly with patients' thoughts; their primary access to these thoughts is listening to what the patient says. It is important to distinguish the dimension of utterance from that of enunciation. This also applies to the prescription of psychotropic drugs. This article aims to return the issue of discourse to the center of mental health concerns and to draw the attention of psychiatrists and other caregivers to the concept of enunciation, in the case of psychotherapy but also for the prescription of psychotropic drugs. The article takes a detour through linguistics by retracing the field's evolution: from associationism and the brain regions associated with ideas to structural linguistics and, more recently, to the emergence of the distinction between utterance and enunciation. This distinction shakes up the discipline by introducing the questions of subject and truth. The article then addresses the influence of linguistics in psychiatry and recalls that the question of enunciation was already present in the works of Jacques Schotte and Jacques Lacan. The psychiatric tradition has not sufficiently taken the question of enunciation into account. Psychiatric semiology has mainly been limited to patients' utterances and behaviors. Schotte, and especially Lacan, attempted to formalize enunciation and dealt with consubstantial questions: the subject and the truth. How could psychiatry integrate the question of enunciation into its semiology? Does a typology of discourse allow us to establish a semiology of enunciation? Does care (therapy, psychotropic drugs, etc.) focus more on utterance or enunciation? Psychotropic drugs are not, in themselves, treatment for mental illness. Their effect is on the person's enunciation and possibly on his or her utterances. The duration and dose of psychotropic drugs is to be modulated by listening carefully to patients' discourse. Psychotropic drugs can act on the possibilities of speech; they must free speech in such a way that a thought (delirious, obsessive, melancholic, or other) ceases to be embarrassing or invasive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antonia is a novel of George Sand, which deals with class conflict between nobles and roturiers, on the value of birth. Being born noble is seen as of high rank, which gives supremacy to the noble over the roturier, and therefore power over him. The novel is an illustration of the value of power, no more only on that of the noble over the roturier, but also of that of the human being over his fellow. It is through speech that power is shown, speech becomes the manifestation of the power of the speaker over his listener. From there come the following questions : what makes the speech of the speaker an act of power linguistically expressed ? On what stands the power of the speaker over the listener and what is the aim of its utterance ? Since we are dealing with speech, that is why we have chosen the discourse analysis approach, following the semasiological order. The analysis has made to distinguish two types of power : the natural and the artificial power. The first shows the supremacy of the being over the other at three levels: the high social background of the noble over the roturier, the authority of the parent over the child and that of the husband over his wife. It has come out that the nature herself sets hierarchy on the relations between humans by giving power to some over others. The second deals with money, the owning of propriety and self praise, they show how human being through his efforts gets to be over the others and detain power over them. These elements are sources of power, give power to the being, and their discourse becomes that of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we aimed at drawing up the wide range of the main emotions (joy, sadness, anger, and fear) that emerge in the version of the legend of Tristan and Isolde that Béroul proposes. More precisely, we will try to analyse how lovers and the king manifest their emotions at the body level and in speech. At the same time, we will question the semantics in which each character invests these emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le discours dans la relation de soins fait le pont entre la relation humaine et un parcours de soins, permettant aux malades de l'accepter et parfois d'en assumer la pénibilité. Ce discours permet des échanges techniques entre médecins, soignants et patient. Si les conditions d'écoute en profondeur et d'empathie réciproque sont présentes, le discours est le moteur permettant la construction d'une relation humaine, qui s'ajoute au cadre professionnel et le conforte. Cette construction ne se fait pas toujours, souvent en raison des conditions du fonctionnement institutionnel. Une communication sur le soin, limitée à des interactions entre les personnes, se substitue alors à une relation humaine qui n'a pas pu se présentifier. Pour construire la relation dans le soin, soignants et soignés ne peuvent s'appuyer que sur leur ouverture à l'humain, sur leur humilité théorique et respectueuse d'autrui, ainsi que sur le creuset de connaissances communes supportées par l'environnement institutionnel et le cadre scientifique. Le discours des soignants et du soigné vise à homogénéiser les représentations qu'ils se font de la maladie et à cultiver leur confiance réciproque pour construire une relation dans le soin, à la fois tenue sur la durée et mémorisant les temps marquants sur le plan émotionnel ou cognitif du parcours de soins. Il élabore et permet de partager leurs souvenirs communs. The discourse in the care relationship bridges the gap between the human relationship and a course of care, allowing patients to accept it and sometimes to take on the hardship. This discourse allows technical exchanges between doctors, caregivers, and patient. If the conditions for a deep listening and reciprocal empathy are present, discourse is the booster allowing the construction of a human relationship, which keeps and improved the professional framework. This construction is not always done, often because of the institutional operating conditions. Communication on care, limited to interactions between people, replaces then a human relationship that has failed to presentified itself. To build the relationship in care, caregivers and patients can only rely here on their openness to human people, their theoretical humility and respectful of others, as well as the crucible of common knowledge supported by the institutional environment and the scientific framework. The discourse of caregivers and patient aims to homogenize their representations of the disease and to cultivate mutual trust in order to build a relationship in care lasting over time and for both, memorizing key moments on the emotional or the cognitive level during the care circuit. It develops and allows to share their common memories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insofar as ‘sexuation’ is a process that begins before birth and is only completed, if ever, in adulthood, it is probably not abusive to speak of a ‘clinic of sexuation’ in children. Of course, without ignoring the conceptual difficulties that will arise, particularly with regard to the polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the so-called “latency phase”. The observation, proven for decades, that there are genuine situations of transsexualism in some children seems to be a good starting point for addressing these questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arts-based data from a theatre play, Apple Time, are explored in order to disrupt binarized diversity discourses dominating deaf education in a diasporic community located in a small city in Saskatchewan. Deaf education is demarcated by two camps of professionals: those who promote the development of spoken English through the use of cochlear implants, therapy interventions, and placements in oral language learning environments only; and those who promote a bimodal bilingual approach in which children are taught two languages: English and American Sign Language (ASL). Currently, most deaf children are placed in schools in their home communities and are educated primarily in oral language environments. Stories composed and performed by the deaf youth are explored with a view to identifying the affects that arise from their intra-actions among animal, earth, and machine. Through the mapping of the affects that produce and are produced by animals, earth, and machine, the focus is on the intra-actions that concern diversity discourses, and the lines of flight for disruption of diversity discourses are discerned. The inner and outer journeys of four of the eight youth performers are traced; as deaf nomads, they traverse between the affects arising from intra-actions with humans, animals, earth, and machine. Since the deaf youth performers drew upon their personal histories in developing their scenes, the article demonstrates how such histories may disrupt diversity discourses pertaining to the education of deaf children and youth, thus contributing to more recent theorizing of language acquisition as distributed throughout an assemblage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an immanent and radical critique of bourgeois society through one of the most critical debates of the first two years of the pandemic: the "release of patents" of vaccines against covid-19, which has compromised not only governments and the owners of the means of production, but also scientists, economists, politicians, militants, activists, journalists, academics. From a Marxist-Lacanian perspective, the debate is an opportunity to understand the desperate situation we find ourselves in at the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work addresses the different edges that the terms revolution and subversion have for psychoanalysis. The usual confusion between the two often leads to bottlenecks in clinical formalization. Since both terms are highly polysemic, we consider their differentiation necessary to account for their uses in psychoanalysis. To do this, we use the theory of social bonds proposed by Jacques Lacan, written through four discourses (Master, Hysterical, University, and Analyst). We address Lacan's discussions with the students of Vincennes and the characteristics of the so-called capitalist discourse. From there, we will be able to identify the particularities that the notion of risk acquires in each process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2013, Brazil saw the emergence of several political groups identified with right-wing politics and united against the left and the Worker's Party consecutive administration. This paper investigates the characteristics of this phenomenon in northeastern Brazil to understand how right-wing militancy discursively organizes its identity and that of groups it chooses as antagonists. Based on discourse analysis, the study analyzes transcripts of interviews conducted with nine members of this militancy. Categories such as conservative, liberal and libertarian were used by the interviewees as self-identifying positions. How they describe these categories reveals the plurality of the political right, highlighting its complexity and contradictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published together in 1983 in Cinéma, Writing Temptation, these four "somewhat counter-theoretical" texts, as Hasumi Shigehiko himself described them, were written in 1980 and 1981. They allow us to grasp the originality of his criticism, which is based on the encounter of the work as an event, as well as on the difficulty of reviewing it in light of the epistemological framework of contemporary thought. To designate his targets, Hasumi uses the notions of institution, narrative and narration, and even culture. While undoubtedly provocative, his opinions were based above all on detailed knowledge of contemporary debates in literary and film theory, philosophy, and semiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published together in 1983 in Cinéma, Writing Temptation, these four "somewhat counter-theoretical" texts, as Hasumi Shigehiko himself described them, were written in 1980 and 1981. They allow us to grasp the originality of his criticism, which is based on the encounter of the work as an event, as well as on the difficulty of reviewing it in light of the epistemological framework of contemporary thought. To designate his targets, Hasumi uses the notions of institution, narrative and narration, and even culture. While undoubtedly provocative, his opinions were based above all on detailed knowledge of contemporary debates in literary and film theory, philosophy, and semiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published together in 1983 in Cinéma, Writing Temptation, these four "somewhat counter-theoretical" texts, as Hasumi Shigehiko himself described them, were written in 1980 and 1981. They allow us to grasp the originality of his criticism, which is based on the encounter of the work as an event, as well as on the difficulty of reviewing it in light of the epistemological framework of contemporary thought. To designate his targets, Hasumi uses the notions of institution, narrative and narration, and even culture. While undoubtedly provocative, his opinions were based above all on detailed knowledge of contemporary debates in literary and film theory, philosophy, and semiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published together in 1983 in Cinéma, Writing Temptation, these four "somewhat counter-theoretical" texts, as Hasumi Shigehiko himself described them, were written in 1980 and 1981. They allow us to grasp the originality of his criticism, which is based on the encounter of the work as an event, as well as on the difficulty of reviewing it in light of the epistemological framework of contemporary thought. To designate his targets, Hasumi uses the notions of institution, narrative and narration, and even culture. While undoubtedly provocative, his opinions were based above all on detailed knowledge of contemporary debates in literary and film theory, philosophy, and semiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to show the crucial role that ideas play in institutional change, the formation of public policies, and actors' grouping and orientation. These scenarios involve processes of creation of ideas and discourses, of disputes over the solution to problems and the legitimation or not of decisions. The role of ideas depends on our conception of their relationships with institutions, interests, and actors, and of the determinants of the changes we appreciate. The assumption promoted by rational choice that they are instrumental means of interests limits the understanding of the complexity of political processes. To vindicate the role of ideas, the article analyzes: various schools and authors based on the conceptual tension between interest and institutions; the relationship between ideas, political changes, and coalitions; and the role of discourse concerning them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Cet article propose une documentation empirique du processus social de construction de l'immigration comme un problème de sécurité pour l'État canadien et sa population, et ce, au travers d'une analyse de contenu thématique d'articles de journaux publiés par La Presse et le National Post entre 1998 et 2015. Il quantifie et compare la place occupée par quatre discours-types au sein du discours médiatique canadien sur l'immigration. Ultimement, il révèle un discours de sécurité publique élevé fluctuant de façon importante sur la période et réfute l'hypothèse d'une intensification linéaire de la sécuritisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we propose tensive semiotic analysis to study emotions in advertising discourse and to show its importance in the field of Marketing. Thus, the impact of emotional speech remains preponderant in the effectiveness of advertising speech. But before starting the tensive semiotic analysis on the study supports, we will highlight the role and the impact of the semiotic works and reflections of Claude Zilberberg, Jacques Fontanille and Louis Hébert. For our analysis, we chose five advertisements, from four French and Algerian brands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper provides a discursive study upon the development of a Christian identity through the liturgical prayers of remembrance of the faithful that are part of the Eucharistic Liturgy attributed to Saint John Chrysostom, the most frequently celebrated in the Orthodox Church, throughout the liturgical year. The discursive analysis focuses on the French text of this sermon, as it was translated by Reverend Archimandrite Placide Deseille, one of the greatest contemporary French Orthodox theologians. This analysis is developed around the lexical and semantic study of phrases such as: “remembering in the Kingdom of God”, “the remembrance of God” and “to commemorate” being supported by a theological reflection, borrowed from another great Contemporary French theologian, secular this time, Jean-Claude Larchet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Messages: This study suggests that the communication of select information on cancer risk varies between urban and rural settings in newspaper coverage in Ontario.News coverage that reports risk information in a variety of formats could foster health literacy and accurate perceptions of cancer risk among Canadians.Participatory communication practices, involving collaboration between multiple stakeholders, could help address communication inequalities between various geographies. Cancer clusters attract considerable interest from the public, the media, and governments, and the risk communication undertaken during an investigation may impact cancer risk perceptions. This paper examined the frequency of select words on qualitative risk, quantitative risk, and cancer risk factors used in the news coverage of suspected cancer clusters in Ontario. A total of 84 news articles on cancer clusters in Ontario published during the period 1990–2017 were retrieved from news databases. The language on cancer risk used in the news articles was examined by various geographic characteristics such as urban and rural communities, geographic scale, and environmental and occupational exposure settings. On average, articles reporting on cancer clusters in urban areas used words describing quantitative risk more frequently compared to articles reporting on cancer clusters in rural areas. Word frequencies for cancer risk factor terms were on average higher in articles covering urban cancer clusters compared to rural. These results suggest that language around cancer risk varies across the news coverage of cancer clusters in Ontario and the communication of key information on cancer risk factors is limited. More collaboration between expert risk communicators, journalists, and community members may be needed to improve the media's risk communication around cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This research offers a critical analysis of the "moral craftwork" of the news media's coverage of Canada's Indigenous peoples and the justice system. Analysis: This study's thematic analysis of three case studies, spanning almost two decades, suggests a potential shift in how Canadian journalists report on racism and structural inequalities. Recent news coverage points toward a more transparent dialogue about racism. Conclusions and implications: This study finds problematic journalistic practices linger, occluding a broader understanding of racism and colonialism. This research aims to expand the reflexivity of journalists by spotlighting this type of storytelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two guidelines published in the context of COVID-19 pandemic are comparatively analyzed. The objective is to show the ways of the discursiveness regulation and the orientation of those recommendations on language, from a glotopolitical perspective. WHO-PAHO and the Colombian Government were in charge of these issues aimed at the sectors in charge of managing the health emergency. The analysis combines a lexicometric exploration of lexical associations and concordances with inductive inferential interpretive procedures. The results show that the change from the discourse of risk to the discourse of harm reorients the regulations on communication towards the discipline of public and private saying. It is concluded that the type of language used by public health institutions replaces the explanations and analysis required in these circumstances and unifies the points of view through a deeply political discourse that, however, does not seem to be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on two statements made by Lacan regarding fascism, and is guided by questioning the object value of fallacious elements, offered as promoters of cohesion in the fascist crowd, which spread and are quickly consumed. These objects allow a historical examination of the fascist ideal and an articulation with the Lacanian propositions on the Capitalist Discourse. Freudian contributions about the libidinal maintenance of the crowds are resumed, as well as their impact on the thought of Reich and Adorno in their assertions about fascism. Juxtaposing the elements of the Capitalist Discourse in an order that combines the leader, the demagogic knowledge, the forged synthetic object, and the subject refusing the dimension of the lack, allows to articulate this socially decoupled discourse to the highlights regarding the fascist crowd cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the end of the 2000s, about thirty new metallic mining projects were born, in contradiction with the shift of mining investments towards the Global South. Andalusia is at the forefront of this mining reactivation process with seven new metallic mines and other projects about to start. Such projects benefit from the support of public authorities at the regional, national and European scales ever since the European Commission presented the Raw Material Initiative, in 2008. How can mining extraction appear as a solution in a context of economic, social and environmental crisis ? As a first step, this article develops an answer based on the study of institutional discourses of mining renewal. From the European Union to Andalusia, it shows how the labour of conviction, which can be observed in the public discourse, produces a consensual statement, through which the 'solution' of mining renewal incorporates heterogeneous motives and relies on wording that aim to neutralize contradictions. The stabilisation of the mining renewal statement then generates alliances between public and private actors around two policy objectives. First, the statement promotes a policy of knowledge that supports the undergrounds exploitation. Second, holding the states responsible for the under-exploitation of European raw materials leads to a second objective, which is to incorporate the mining imperative to undergrounds policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The progressive and important ways of integration, constitution and circulation of visual discourse in communication, especially, contemporarily, in what several scientific fields understand as digital discourse, have demanded the updating of theoretical and methodological proposals of the language sciences in relation to these dynamic objects. This thematic edition presents possible contributions to this interdisciplinary and necessary debate, which, both in Brazil and in France, highlight the urgency of the image at the core of discourse theories and the indispensability of reflection, analysis and understanding of its specific modes of signification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]