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Copyright of Water & Landscape (WAL) / Agua & Territorio (AYT) is the property of Editorial de la Universidad de Jaen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focusses on the influence of Catholicism on contemporary constitutionalism. It argues that Catholicism has played a number of roles in shaping it through its diplomacy, its culture, and its teaching. It then identifies some key aspects of contemporary constitutionalism that owe much to Catholicism: the notion of dignity, international and supranational political and legal integration, and the principle of subsidiarity. It finally considers how a secularising trend in contemporary constitutionalism has tried to distance it from its Catholic roots, which, in turn, has persuaded increasing portions of Catholics and Christians more generally that Catholicism and constitutionalism are intrinsically irreconcilable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Definite le caratteristiche fondamentali della limpieza social, l’uccisione sistematica in Colombia di soggetti marginali, lo studio analizza il ruolo svolto dallo Stato nella predisposizione di condizioni favorevoli allo sviluppo, alla legittimazione e al mantenimento della pratica e le particolari forme di violenza che in essa si esprimono. L’analisi del fenomeno è poi lo spunto per una riflessione sul rapporto fra sovranità, pratiche e dispositivi di delimitazione dello spazio politico, diritti umani e cittadinanza

Anche se la recente ricusazione della dottrina della scoperta da parte del Vaticano è davvero benvenuta, il silenzio in merito a qualsiasi responsabilità politica per quelle bolle papali, vecchie di 500 anni, che autorizzavano le potenze coloniali a impadronirsi delle terre indigene, significa che la battaglia è vinta solo a metà. Ancor più negativamente, il fatto che il Vaticano abbia evitato ogni riferimento al collegamento tra i crimini di massa avallati contro i non cristiani e le loro conseguenze, indica che il bersaglio è stato mancato. Le bolle, infatti, sono state emanate dai «rappresentanti di Dio sulla Terra» e una tale negazione implicita è una debolezza strutturale che difficilmente potrebbe completare quella «architettura della riconciliazione» a cui si dice Papa Francesco miri. Questo saggio si propone di rievocare le testimonianze storiche della responsabilità diretta e indiretta del Papato, discutendo le circostanze che sono all'origine dell’organizzazione gerarchica di questo mondo, che ha avuto un impatto non solo sul continente americano ma anche su quello africano, con conseguenze permanenti su generazioni dei suoi popoli e dei loro discendenti nella diaspora.

I raccoglitori di rifiuti brasiliani [catadores] rappresentano un segmento sociale complesso e poliedrico. La loro situazione liminale li espone a vulnerabilità di tipo economico, sanitario e formativo. Questo studio presenta un’etnografia svoltasi presso la favela di Vila Torres (Curitiba, Paraná) con i metodi della ricognizione rapida e della narrativa visuale. L’esperienza etnografica – che ha comportato visite alla favela, raccolta di documentazione e interviste semi-strutturate – è risultata in un’interpretazione di tipo freieriano concentrata su diversi temi di rilevanza socio-formativa: dignità, progetto di vita, testimonianza, presenza e riconoscimento. Questi temi sono quindi articolati entro l’orizzonte della Pedagogia della Speranza di Freire. Inoltre, il metodo etnografico adottato, specialmente nella sua componente di narrativa visuale, si riconcilia con attività progettuali svolte da un Ateneo nella realtà di Vila Torres, corroborando quindi la necessità di unire gli interventi pedagogici a forme di indagine che restituiscano l’autentica dimensione emica del vissuto locale.

The concept of decent work is not explicitly defined in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of April 2, 1997. This does not mean, however, that "dignity" and the "right to decent work" are not subject to constitutional protection. In the text of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, you can find many provisions relating to this concept, which were developed at the legislative level, mainly in the Labor Code. Analyzing the text of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997, it can be concluded that the Constitution of the Republic of Poland sets a high standard of protection of employee rights. It should be noted, however, that from the point of view of the internal hierarchy of constitutional norms, they do not provide full support in practice. The aim of the publication is to attempt to answer the question whether the guarantees contained in the Constitution and ordinary laws are sufficient to protect decent work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Philosophy & Canon Law is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L’articolo analizza la rilevanza che riveste la proliferazione incontrollata di armi di provenienza legale e illegale nell’attuale scenario messicano di crisi umanitaria, con particolare riferimento al ruolo che giocano gli Stati Uniti, l’Italia e in generale gli interessi collegati alla produzione e al commercio di armi. Si prendono, inoltre, in considerazione le azioni più recenti del governo federale messicano nell'ambito di una strategia giuridica volta a contrastare il traffico di armi e la violenza armata nel Paese e a promuovere la tutela dei diritti umani.

Enforced disappearance represents the quintessence of human rights violations with a strong psychological component. Bodies vanishing have a deterrent effect by terrorizing and paralyzing the entire society. However, the absence of those bodies is overly present in the inner experience of the families of the disappeared, who are victims in their turn. A state of severe psychological deterioration affects the relatives of the disappeared: depression, anxiety, powerlessness, guilt, post‐traumatic stress disorder, inability to mourn, even suicide are the consequences of the unbearable uncertainty about the fate of the loved one. But the disappeared persons, notwithstanding the absence of their bodies, continue to be more present than ever in the inner experience of those who have loved them. For the families of the disappeared, to regain psychological equilibrium is a fine balance between the need to remember and the necessity to forget. The author affirms that, at a social and political level, to cultivate a collective memory of enforced disappearance is an ethical duty which validates the actual occurrence of the atrocities, helps prevent repetition and alleviates the transgenerational transmission of trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Analytical Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current crisis of Italian psychiatry probably depends on a diminished drive for innovation in the field mental health, on a political climate that gives voice to conservative and pseudo-progressive psychiatry, and on a certain laziness of anti-institutional psychiatry to look to the future rather than the past, producing new theoretical reflections and further innovations in liberation practices. All these factors determine the strengthening of psychiatry in its most conservative, dehumanizing and institutional forms. But how much all this is to be attributed exclusively to a crisis of psychiatry, including the anti-institutional one, or, and more generally, to the dramatic absence of collective thought and practices of liberation and justice, is a question that needs to be studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of which services are necessary for a full enforcement of the Italian psychiatric reform of Law no. 180/1978, critical since its promulgation, is discussed starting from organizational models and institutional contexts of its application. They define the delivery of care as a comprehensive offer for a global alternative to the "asylum-like" institutional psychiatry, e.g., how to achieve not fragmented answers but a real "taking charge", with the active contribution of the person to his care, avoiding pathways of social and institutional drift. It is necessary not only to consider scientific evidence but also an ethical and value base that takes into account the experience and needs of patients. It is based upstream on cardinal cross-cutting principles as defined by the World Health Organization, among which the realization of human rights stands out, with the abandonment of coercive practices and involuntary treatments, the empowerment of patients, and a multisectoral approach to addressing the social determinants of health. From practice there are indications on the devices, i.e., the 24/7 opening and the continuity and nonfragmentation of care, and a series of basic indicators useful for benchmarking of organizational models of services. From international best practices derive a set of working principles as orientation points, without which the longed-for transition from tout-court psychiatry to community mental health remains unrealistic. Prospects for a paradigm shift, measurable through outcomes on people's whole life, are outlined [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rivista Italiana di Educazione Familiare is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Constitutional History / Giornale di Storia Costituzionale is the property of Giornale di Storia Costituzionale (Journal of Constitutional History) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Prudentia Iuris is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nel novembre-dicembre 1945, il civilista Filippo Vassalli intraprese una missione a Londra, a capo di una delegazione di giuristi invitati dal British Council ad osservare il funzionamento delle istituzioni inglesi, attraverso un “legal sightseeing” fatto di “talks” e “meetings” con illustri esponenti della politica e della cultura giuridica britannica. Alcuni documenti dell’archivio Vassalli consentono ora di approfondire i risvolti di questo viaggio, di cui il giurista stilò un resoconto in alcuni suoi scritti. La ricerca, in particolare, intende dimostrare che Vassalli, durante la missione, maturò l’idea del superamento del mito della sovranità nazionale in ambito internazionale, visione successivamente estesa nel campo del diritto civile. Vassalli supportò l’orientamento favorevole alla creazione di un’organizzazione superiore ai singoli Stati, che assicurasse la pace nel mondo e offrisse una tutela sovranazionale dei diritti dell’uomo. La missione ebbe anche conseguenze sull’ordinamento della giustizia, della polizia e della vita economica italiana, alla vigilia della Costituente, di cui pure Vassalli non fu chiamato a prendere parte. Come capo della missione, infatti, egli portò in Italia a De Gasperi, titolare del dicastero degli Esteri, un messaggio del Ministro degli Esteri Bevin, personalità eminente della politica anglosassone, che aveva già influenzato Vassalli sul terreno del futuro assetto delle relazioni internazionali in tempo di pace. La missione a Londra, di conseguenza, rappresenta una vicenda centrale per comprendere il pensiero di Vassalli nel decennio repubblicano.

Copyright of Philosophy & Canon Law is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After some general considerations on the topic of human rights, an analysis of the problems highlighted by two disciplines, psychoanalysis and ethnology, is attempted. The psychoanalytic viewpoint helps to understand what are the psychological aspects that favor the respect or the violation of human rights; the ethnological viewpoint, instead, by comparing different cultures allows us to answer questions regarding the diversity of human rights in various social structures, their validity across different countries, and the eventual imposition or conditioning, also through the use of force, of rights other than those of a given culture. Discussing with Muhidin Šarić (author of the 1993 book Keraterm. Erinnerungen aus einem serbischen Lager [Keraterm. Memories from a Serbian concentration camp]. Preface by Paul Parin. Klagenfurt: Drava Verlag, 1994), Paul Parin tries to give an explanation of facts that are still unclear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questo contributo mira ad analizzare, attraverso una prospettiva storico-sociale, la traiettoria, i momenti salienti e l’impatto della mobilitazione dei familiari delle vittime di sparizioni forzate in due contesti sociopolitici diversi ma caratterizzati dall’utilizzo sistematico della violenza: la dittatura militare in Argentina (1976-1983), con un focus anche sul periodo democratico successivo, e la “Guerra al narcotraffico” in Messico (2006-2018).

The history of the Risorgimento is here rethought in the light of the recent historiographical debate on the origins of human rights. Far from representing an era in which the reasons for independence supplanted the demands of freedom, the decades between the Triennium and Italian unification represented an era in which fundamental rights found a way to express themselves and in part to assert themselves for the first time in the Italian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Algerian war (1954-62), the French Armed Forces resorted to torture, provoking a national debate on the topic. This article focuses on Catholic military chaplains, who on the one hand had to obey their ecclesiastical superiors and on the other acted as confessors and advisors to the military personnel conducting interrogations. The complexity of their position is revealed by the public and private writings these clergymen devoted to torture, showing an ambiguous and sometimes reticent attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Catholic schools for Europe in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Every possible project of formation to Fraternity is included in the Right to Education, understood as acceptance, dialogue, respect and encounter with the other. This article explores the experience of Catholic Schools for Europe in Bosnia-Herzegovina, which has always been a place of multi-ethnic and interreligious encounters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Il Diritto Dell'unione Europea is the property of Giappichelli Editore srl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Il presente articolo analizza la natura e la funzione dei diritti fondamentali e umani dalla prospettiva della teoria dei sistemi sociali, sviluppata dal sociologo Niklas Luhmann alla fi ne del XX secolo. A partire dal contributo dell’autore tedesco e di altri studiosi, verrà messo in evidenza il potenziale che la teoria detiene riguardo al tema in oggetto, avanzando proposte su prospettive di ricerca future. L’ipotesi è che una teoria secondo cui la società è fatta di comunicazione, e non di esseri umani, può aprire spazi di riflessione inediti e mettere il luce la funzione latente dei diritti fondamentali e umani: oltre che valori di ispirazione umanistica, essi rappresenterebbero lo strumento attraverso cui la società stessa costituisce gli esseri umani nella triplice veste di individui, soggetti, persone.

The aim of this study is to reconstruct and explain the most important aspects of the activities carried out by non-governmental organizations in the context of the Colombian conflict and the subsequent peace process, focusing on Amnesty International as a case study. This analysis also aims to highlight how Amnesty International’s activities contributed to strengthen the denunciation and advocacy actions carried out by the network of the NGOs in the Colombian territory.

Copyright of Scienza & Politica is the property of University of Bologna, Department of Political & Social Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Science is the property of Alcide De Gasperi University of Euroregional Economy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tutti gli esseri umani nascono liberi ed eguali in dignità e diritti. Essi sono dotati di ragione e di coscienza e devono agire gli uni verso gli altri in spirito di fratellanza. Articolo 1, Dichiarazione universale dei diritti umani, 10 dicembre 1948

La satira è un paradigma estremo della libertà di espressione, ma esistono incertezze sulla sua definizione concettuale e sulla relativa disciplina giuridica. Lo sviluppo della comunicazione ha prodotto numerose figure letterarie simili tra loro come la cronaca (una registrazione impersonale e non interpretativa di fatti accaduti), la critica (analisi soggettiva e giudizio relativi a fatti accaduti) e la satira (critica sarcastica di personaggi, comportamenti, modi di fare individuali con scopo di denuncia sociale). Gli elementi che caratterizzano la satira, sviluppatisi nel corso dei secoli, sono sostanzialmente due: attenzione alle contraddizioni (della politica, della società, della religione, della cultura) e intento moralistico per promuovere un cambiamento sociale. La satira religiosa colpisce il potere ecclesiastico e le sue contraddizioni, ma colpisce anche i simboli religiosi e i contenuti delle religioni. Ne conseguono differenti conseguenze giuridiche. Quando colpisce il patrimonio di fede dei credenti essa non è accettabile. La satira religiosa genera una specie di conflitto tra differenti valori costituzionali, e cioè tra il diritto alla libera espressione del pensiero e il diritto alla reputazione e alla tutela del sentimento religioso. Il diritto di satira in generale è riconosciuto dagli ordinamenti giuridici (sia internazionali, sia nazionali) come diritto soggettivo di rilevanza costituzionale, che deriva dalla libertà di espressione e di pensiero. Pensiero, coscienza e religione – per esempio nella Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell’Unione europea – sono omologhi (come beni giuridici o valori etici). Pertanto pensiero, coscienza e religione non possono essere in contrapposizione tra loro. Notevoli incertezze esistono sulla disciplina giuridica del diritto di satira, che non può mai offendere i diritti fondamentli della persona, la sua dignità, la sua reputazione. La Carta di Nizza ha favorito un orientamento, che considera il diritto di libera espressione nella sua forma più ampia ed espansiva. È tuttavia sempre stato affermato il valore prevalente dei diritti umani fondamentali, che non possono essere offesi dall’esercizio del diritto di satira. Negli ordinamenti giuridici nazionali, la forza del diritto di satira consiste nel riconoscimento del suo rango costituzionale, ma anche nei limiti che deve avere. La giurisprudenza ha elaborato i vincoli “formali”, tra i quali i più importanti sono il limite della continenza e della funzionalità.

Does an archetype of justice exist? If so, what is its image in the mythologies of different cultures? How this archetype contributed to the development of religious and philosophical visions that are at the basis of human rights? Can C.G. Jung's theory of psychological types shed a light on the tension existing between law and justice? Does justice have a healing power? The author proposes elements of response to those questions to demonstrate the importance of combining legal action with a Jungian psychotherapeutic approach in the treatment of victims of human rights violations. The article presents the progressive convergence between human rights law and psychology, as well as the similarities between the work of those operating in the field of human rights and in the analytical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collected Papers of the Law Faculty of the University of Rijeka / Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci is the property of Pravni fakultet Sveucilista u Rijeci and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When I received the proposal for this article, I certainly was not thinking about the pandemic-tsunami that has overwhelmed us. The text was written at different times as we gradually became involved in it in various ways. Our core concern is to keep in mind the right of a human being to be gradually inserted into society through education and instruction, which are indispensable conditions to be able to access all other rights. It seemed important to first clarify the meaning of the right to education by pointing out the nuances the term can acquire in English and Romance languages. The documents examined, from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to the Treaties and Conventions, clarify the nature of the right to education, which is more precisely stated with the expression quality education in the Sustainable Development Goals of the Agenda 2030. In a second phase, we clarify the conditions that make it possible to exercise this right, which is a task for the governments that have committed to put it into practice in their own countries. We recognize that this happens to the extent that international and local institutions take on their responsibility as individuals and as groups. Consequently, we could not leave out the description of how one defends the right to education at an international level in the United Nations. We describe the concrete experience of the work carried out since 2008 by the Office of Human Rights, which represents the International Institute of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians and the International Volunteer Women's Education and Development (VIDES) project at the United Nations. We emphasize the positive declaration method of advocating for this right. Through side events on defending the rights of minorities at risk, the importance of empowering young people, through the direct testimony of those involved, was gradually inserted into the Agenda of the United Nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rivista Italiana di Conflittolgia is the property of Edizioni Labrys and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)