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The essay deals with the problem of social sustainability into the international supply chains, especially from the workers’ human rights point of view. After showing the potential offered by the private law in this field, as it seems proved by some soft law instruments, the author analyses the recent French and German legislations, which provide a so-called human rights (and environmental) due diligence obligation for the company leaders of an international supply chain. The final part of the writing is dedicated to the Italian law system. On the one hand, it sets out the main content of the Proposal for a Directive of the European parliament and of the Council on corporate sustainability due diligence and amending Directive (EU) 2019/1937. On the other hand, it aims to check if, in accordance with the employees who work for the others foreign company of the supply chain.

The essay addresses the issue of the so-called multilevel protection of human rights from the civil liability point of view, with reference to non-pecuniary damage, particularly. Having identified the methodological problems in the specific context of private law, the author analyses the case law position and the views expressed by other authors in relation to the value of the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Charter of Fundamental Rights within tort law. Due to their different position in the sources of law, the writing treats separately the hypotheses that the violation concerns a right provided for in one or in the other. The right to property (Art. 1 — 1st Protocol of the ECHR) and the right to protection of personal data (Art. 8 Charter of Nice) are taken into consideration as cases study.

From the last quarter of the past century, Article 2059 of the civil code has been the subject of several rulings, which have tried to fit it to the personalistic principle expressed by the Constitution. In 2008 the Court of cassation achieved one of the major breakthroughs, finding that non-pecuniary damage is compensable not just when expressly provided for by the law, but also if tort infringes a human right. However, this solution is fraught of problems. Generally speaking, in terms of mere juridical interpretation it is a matter of finding a connection between the rule of Article 2059 and the principle of art. 2 cost. From a specific point of view, it is necessary to strike a balance between the pluralism that characterizes our era and the typicality principle. If it is not clear which interests shall be considered as human rights, the legislator choice (typicality) is likely to be practically neutralized with an indiscriminately widening of civil liability. A similar problem arises when a human right has been infringed within the framework of an obligation. Through “duties of protection” non-pecuniary damage suffered by person involved in a contract is compensable according to the breach of contract’s rules. But the instability in the debate about Article 2 cost. could lead to a general compensation of these kind of harms, going against the law of obligations. Moreover, this approach does not address the nowadays main issue of contractual non-pecuniary damage, i.e. the possibility of recovering non-economic expectation interest that performance would have satisfied. Increasingly often the claim for damage concerns this type of loss, but the Italian law system, at least in formal terms, is indifferent to this respect. While our law opened to compensation for non-pecuniary damage resulting from an aggression against human being, this is not valid also for the non-economic advantages that creditor would have obtained through the service. All these circumstances m

Articles 13, 14 and 15 of the Italian Constitution proclaim the “principles” of the inviolability of personal freedom, of domicile and communications by providing an articulated discipline that takes care of indicating the minimum conditions to tolerate invasive acts of these freedoms. The proliferation of new dangerous technological forms of dematerialized invasiveness of the personal sphere seem to undermine these constitutional protections that only a revitalization of the category of inviolability of the fundamental rights of the person allows to strengthen, providing at the same time the conceptual bases for the introduction and enhancement of new guarantee instruments such as “IT domicile”., Gli artt. 13, 14 e 15 della Costituzione italiana proclamano i “principi” dell’intangibilità della libertà personale, di domicilio e delle comunicazioni, prevedendo un’articolata disciplina che si fa carico di indicare le condizioni minime per tollerare atti invasivi di queste libertà. Il proliferare di nuove pericolose forme tecnologiche di invasività dematerializzate della sfera personale sembra mettere in crisi queste tutele costituzionali che solo una rivitalizzazione della categoria dell’inviolabilità dei diritti fondamentali della persona consente di rafforzare, fornendo allo stesso tempo le basi concettuali per l’introduzione e la valorizzazione di nuovi strumenti di garanzia quale quello di “domicilio informatico”., Os artigos 13, 14 e 15 da Constituição italiana proclamam os “princípios” da intangibilidade da liberdade pessoal, do domicílio e das comunicações prevendo uma articulada disciplina que regula as condições mínimas para que se autorizem medidas invasivas a essas liberdades. A proliferação de novas e perigosas formas tecnológicas de medidas invasivas imateriais na esfera pessoal parecem colocar em crise essas limitações constitucionais. Por outro lado, somente uma revitalização da categoria da inviolabilidade dos direitos fundamentais permitiria reforçar e, ao mesmo tempo, fornecer as bases conceituais para a introdução e a valorização de novos instrumentos de garantia como aquela de “domicílio informático”.

The A. deals with the relationship between freedom of contract and fundamental rights within the framework of the relationship between constitution and private law. He examines some examples like conscientious objection, acts of disposition of the body against human dignity where sometimes human dignity reveals to be overloaded and sometimes underrated. Finally he analyzes the case of surrogate motherhood.