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With the rapid development of information technology, various online education platforms support the sharing of digital educational resources. Because digital educational resources are simple to duplicate and disseminate quickly, there exists copyright infringement, which threatens the interests of copyright owners. In addition, the existing digital education resource copyright protection solutions have the problems of privacy disclosure of copyright owners, lack of multidimensional copyright evidence, lack of credible infringement tracking method, resulting in the lack of high-quality resources, lack of creative enthusiasm, and increasing infringement phenomenon. To solve the above problems, we propose a blockchain-based digital education resource copyright protection mechanism BC-DERCP. Firstly, we propose a digital educational resources secure storage method, which can store encrypted user privacy information and multi-dimensional resource copyright information in the blockchain, ensuring the originality of resources, and protecting the privacy and digital copyright of copyright holders. Secondly, we propose a digital educational resources collaborative verification method, which uses consortium Blockchain nodes to coordinate the supervision of copyright infringement and provide strong evidence for rights protection. Finally, a novel blockchain-based digital education resource copyright protection platform is realized, and we conduct multi-dimensional experiments on the performance of the system and use both quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate learners' acceptance of the system. The experimental results show that the system is better than the existing digital education resource copyright protection system. The participants hold that the proposed system has good performance, which can ensure copyright security and improve the initiative of learners to create resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose an anti-counterfeit framework for electronic certificate based on QR code based watermarking and seal image based watermarking, to protect the authenticity of electronic certificate. The QR code image is encoded by the core information of an electronic certificate. The QR code based watermarking uses a binary image watermarking algorithm to embed the hash value generated by the buyer's taxpayer information into the QR code image. The seal image based watermarking embeds the seller's taxpayer information into the seal image of the certificate. In the anti-counterfeit authentication, a triple anti-counterfeit verification is proposed to confirm the authenticity of certificate information through three steps of information matching. The information on the electronic certificate is matched against the QR decoded information and the extracted watermark information to verify consistency and achieve anti-counterfeit. Experimental results show that the proposed framework can detect tampered electronic certificates well, and can effectively prevent electronic invoices from forgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Xinyang Normal University Natural Science Edition is the property of Journal of Xinyang Normal University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a new approach based on multi-dimensional evaluation and benchmarking for data hiding techniques, i.e., watermarking and steganography. The novelty claim is the use of evaluation matrix (EM) for performance evaluation of data hiding techniques; however, one major problem with performance evaluation of data hiding techniques is to find reasonable thresholds for performance metrics and the trade-off among them in different data hiding applications. Two experiments are conducted. The first experiment included LSB techniques (eight approaches) based on different payload results and the noise gate approach; a total of nine approaches were used. Five audio samples with different audio styles are tested using each of the nine approaches and considering three evaluation criteria, namely, complexity, payload, and quality, to generate watermarked samples. The second experiment involves the use of various decision-making techniques simple additive weighting (SAW), multiplicative exponential weighting (MEW), hierarchical adaptive weighting (HAW), technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), weighted sum model (WSM) and weighted product method (WPM) to benchmark the results of the first experiment. Mean, standard deviation (STD), and paired sample t-test are then performed to compare the correlations among different techniques on the basis of ranking results. The findings are as follows: (1) A statistically significant difference is observed among the ranking results of each multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique, (2) TOPSIS-Euclidean is the best technique to solve the benchmarking problem among digital watermarking techniques. (3) Among the decision-making techniques, WSM has the lowest rank in terms of solving the benchmarking problem. (4) Under different circumstances, the noise gate watermarking approach performs better than LSB algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The improvement and accessibility of high-resolution cameras have significantly increased image capturing by various media. Different editing tools are available that are frequently used to improve image quality, resulting in the alteration of images. So, determining the authenticity or integrity of the original image is a challenging task in any domain. Currently, an image or video is a critical source of legal data for digital forensics. Hence, the study begins with the primary objective of determining whether the digital evidence (image or video) associated with a legal case has been altered. Active forgery detection methods, such as digital watermarking and digital signatures, and passive forgery detection techniques, including copy-move, splicing, and retouching, are used to verify digital evidence. Recently, neural network (NN) based forgery detection has garnered notable attention due to its efficacy in detecting forgery on images. In order to assess the benefits and drawbacks of those models, this work starts by looking at different categories of forgery detection and how those classifications are implemented. We summarised and compared the different architectures that researchers had suggested, taking into account their respective specialised viewpoints, and then we analysed them according to quality. Most used methodologies in forgery detection are elaborated by mentioning the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Additionally, the work examines the deployment of neural networks and machine learning (ML) techniques within forensic science to detect image forgery. We also underlined the present challenges and potential research directions that might help researchers fill the knowledge gaps.

There are a large amount of audio signals stored in third-party storage centers. To improve the privacy and security of audio signals, a digital audio encryption and forensics watermarking scheme is proposed. We defined the signal energy ratio feature of audio signals and designed the embedding method by quantifying the feature, aiming to improve the security of watermarking system. We firstly encrypted the original audio by using scrambling and multiplication, to get the encrypted data. Secondly, we divided the encrypted data into frames and compressed each frame by sampling to get the compressed data. After that, we embedded the compressed data and frame number into the encrypted data to get the watermarked signal being uploaded to third-party storage centers. Authorized users download encrypted data and verify the authenticity of the data. For the intact data, they decrypt it directly to get the audio signal. If the downloaded data has been attacked, they locate the attacked frame and extract the compressed data to reconstruct the attacked signal approximately. Furthermore, we decrypted the reconstructed signal to obtain the expression meaning of the original audio. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple participants to collaboratively build deep learning (DL) models without directly sharing data. Consequently, the issue of copyright protection in FL becomes important since unreliable participants may gain access to the jointly trained model. Application of homomorphic encryption (HE) in a secure FL framework prevents the central server from accessing plaintext models. Thus, it is no longer feasible to embed the watermark at the central server using existing watermarking schemes. In this article, we propose a novel client-side FL watermarking scheme to tackle the copyright protection issue in secure FL with HE. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first scheme to embed the watermark to models under a secure FL environment. We design a black-box watermarking scheme based on client-side backdooring to embed a pre-designed trigger set into an FL model by a gradient-enhanced embedding method. Additionally, we propose a trigger set construction mechanism to ensure that the watermark cannot be forged. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed scheme delivers outstanding protection performance and robustness against various watermark removal attacks and ambiguity attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To protect the audio stored on third-party servers, a novel authentication and recovery watermarking scheme for encrypted audio is proposed. We define the relative energy (RE) feature and analyze the characteristic of the feature. At the embedding stage, the host audio is encrypted firstly. Then the encrypted audio is divided into frames. We embed watermark bits into each frame by quantifying the RE feature. At the decoding stage, the receivers locate the attacked frames based on the watermark extraction and substitute the attacked frames using 0 amplitude signals, which are scattered over different segments after anti-scrambling transformation and do not influence the expressed meaning of watermarked signal. Experimental evaluation results demonstrate that the scheme improves the security of audio signals stored on third-party servers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of multimedia and the Internet, the problem of multimedia copyright infringement has become more and more serious. The combination of digital watermark and security protocol plays a vital role in copyright protection of multimedia in the up-to-date open network environment. Most of the existing schemes involve trusted third parties and arbitration institutions, but they are not usually credible. This paper proposes a new watermarking protocol with multiple parties based on the blockchain. The protocol involves the buyer, the seller, the cloud platform and the blockchain. In the protocol, the certificateless secret key negotiation between the buyer and the seller is utilized to avoid "Man-in-the-middle Attack", and the cloud platform is used to perform homomorphic calculations and watermark embedding operation. By using the characteristics of the blockchain such as non-tamperability and traceability, the security and fairness of the protocol can be ensured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC) generated text itself carried moral and legal compliance risks, and the circulation of generated text content need to be regulated.Therefore, there was an urgent need for copyright protection of AIGC generated text.Watermarking technology was currently the most widely used method for digital copyright protection.A watermark embedding technology was proposed for generating text using generative causal language models.An in-process watermark embedding method was adopted, which implicitly embeded text watermark during the text generation process.Compared to traditional post-process watermark embedding technology, it had less impact on the quality of generated text and had advantages such as low perception, transparency, and robustness.The proposed method has low coupling with existing models and can eliminate the need to adjust the original model structure, training strategies, deployment methods, and increase the computational cost of the original generation process.Through experimental results, the proposed watermark embedding strategy has good robustness and can effectively detect text embedded watermarks even after a certain degree of editing by users.

Sensitive information in images is can be leaked during attacks, resulting in the malicious acquisition of personal information. To improve the robustness of attacking defence for video images, a digital watermarking algorithm based on locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) is designed in this paper. Video signals are decomposed using a one-dimensional wavelet transform. According to the Yeung Mintzer (Y-M) algorithm, a marker watermark W1 is embedded in the low-frequency subband to identify any image tampering. A data string of hash function values and the exclusive OR (XOR) result of identification watermark W2 are embedded into the HH high-frequency subband, which was used to identify and counter pseudo-authentication attacks such as collage and Vector Quantization (VQ). The singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm is used to decompose the hash-mapped watermark and adaptively adjust embedding strength of the watermark. The position-sensitive hash algorithm which is proposed in this work has good invisibility for embedding digital watermarks into images, with an average accuracy of approximately 97% for feature matching of digital images. The PSNR value of the image embedded with the watermark is approximately 49 dB. At the 50th minute of the experiment, the regulatory factor value of the research method was 0.3. Under different attack modes, the correlation coefficient between the watermark extracted by this method and the original watermark image is greater than 0.85. Due to the low compression quality of JPGE, the correlation coefficient between the watermark and the initial watermark is greater than 0.6, and its error rate is less than 0.10 bits, showing the effectiveness of the proposed methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Computer Measurement & Control is the property of Magazine Agency of Computer Measurement & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the introduction of digital watermarks, which formthe basis for copyright protection systems. Methods in this area are aimed at embedding hidden markers that are resistant to various container transformations. This paper proposes a method for embedding a digital watermark into bitmap images using Lagrange interpolation and the Bezier curve formula for five points, called Lagrange interpolation along the Bezier curve 5 (LIBC5). As a means of steganalysis, the RS method was used, which uses a sensitive method of double statistics obtained on the basis of spatial correlations in images. The output value of the RS analysis is the estimated length of the message in the image under study. The stability of the developed LIBC5 method to the detection of message transmission by the RS method has been experimentally determined. The developed method proved to be resistant to RS analysis. A study of the LIBC5 method showed an improvement in quilting resistance compared to that of the INMI image embedding method, which also uses Lagrange interpolation. Thus, the LIBC5 stegosystem can be successfully used to protect confidential data and copyrights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the digital age, digital asset is becoming increasingly important and digital rights management system can provide protection for digital content. However, the existing distributed digital rights managements are unable to fully detect plagiarized and illegally sensitive digital content, which greatly affects the benefit of content owner and reduces the confidence of users. A distributed management system for digital rights based on redactable blockchain and perceptual hash is proposed in the paper. The perceptual hash is adopted to detect similarities and judge whether or not it is the original piece. In addition, an incentive scheme based on redactable blockchain is proposed to ensure that plagiarized and illegally sensitive digital content can be removed in a timely manner when uploaded to the blockchain. Evidence of rights confirmation is provided by use of hidden watermarks in copyright dispute. At the same time on-chain detection and off-chain storage are applied to effectively reduce the storage burden of the blockchain. Smart contracts are established to ensure fairness in content transactions. Finally, the correctness and efficiency of the scheme is proven by simulation experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Telecommunications Science is the property of Beijing Xintong Media Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The authors consider developing a system for identifying the channel of information leakage from a photograph of a document taken from a computer screen using digital watermarks integrated into the image on the monitor. Results are presented from an experimental study to prove the properties of the algorithm and its resistance to deliberate attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limited computing power of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and data tampering during wireless transmission are two important issues. In this paper, we propose a scheme for independent individual authentication of WSNs data based on digital watermarking technology. Digital watermarking suits well for WSNs, owing to its lower computational cost. The proposed scheme uses independent individual to generate a digital watermark and embeds the watermark in current data item. Moreover, a sink node extracts the watermark in single data and compares it with the generated watermark, thereby achieving integrity verification of data. Inherently, individual validation differs from the grouping-level validation, and avoids the lack of grouping robustness. The improved performance of individual integrity verification based on proposed scheme is validated through experimental analysis. Lastly, compared to other state-of-the-art schemes, our proposed scheme significantly reduces the false negative rate by an average of 5%, the false positive rate by an average of 80% of data verification, and increases the correct verification rate by 50% on average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Data Acquisition & Processing / Shu Ju Cai Ji Yu Chu Li is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, deep neural network models have achieved great success in various application fields. Training advanced deep neural network models still needs large-scale datasets, high computational cost and excellent algorithm ideas. The generated deep neural network models have become a valuable resource and the core algorithm to complete a specific task in the application field of artificial intelligence. Therefore, the security of deep neural network models becomes extremely important. Using digital watermark copyright protection technology to ensure the security of models has become an important research direction in the field of artificial intelligence security. In order to summarize the latest research progress of deep neural network model digital watermarking copyright protection technology, firstly, the classification of deep neural network model digital watermarking technology was introduced. Secondly, the basic situation of digital watermark copyright protection technology based on deep neural network models was introduced. Thirdly, the research methods of digital watermarking copyright protection technology based on deep neural network models were summarized. Finally, the research emphasis and development direction in the field of copyright protection of digital watermarking based on deep neural network model were summarized and prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern world, the image is becoming a more powerful means of communication. In the era of digitalization, people can express their thoughts, feelings, and more through images. The main difficulty of the author is always how to prove his authorship. Therefore, the development of the latest technologies for confirming authorship of digital images is relevant. The object of the study is the process of confirming the fact of the right to own a digital image. The subject of the study is the information technology of proof of authorship for digital images. Taking into account modern trends and results of using blockchain for copyright protection, this paper proposes an information technology for confirming ownership of digital images based on blockchain technology and digital watermarks to provide a reliable guarantee of copyright establishment. Proposed digital image ownership information technology using digital watermarking, blockchain, image hash function and IPFS to create a brand new decentralized ownership verification technology in the digital age of the Internet. As far as file types are concerned, this article only mentions digital image copyright management. In the future, the technology could be extended to include audio, video, and other types of media files to create a single system for verifying ownership of any digital content.

A digital hologram (DH) is an ultra-high-value video content that includes three-dimensional information in two-dimensional data. Therefore, for the distribution of this content, the intellectual property rights must be protected. This paper proposes robust hologram watermarking based on deep neural networks using guided attack modules and attack rate control techniques. The proposed method robustly embeds the watermark into the original hologram to cope with various attacks while keeping the invisibility that the watermarked hologram is similar to the original hologram. Previous work considered PSNR during training. However, hologram exists in the complex domain. Thus SNR for complex numbers should be considered to confirm the reconstruction results. In addition, we propose an enhanced network with increased depth to improve performance compared with previous work. Experiments show that the proposed method outperforms the previous work regarding robustness and invisibility against various attacks, such as Crop Out, Salt & Pepper Noise, and Rotation. Therefore, this study is expected to be widely used in various fields, such as digital image authentication, copyright protection, and data security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the introduction of digital watermarks, which formthe basis for copyright protection systems. Methods in this area are aimed at embedding hidden markers that are resistant to various container transformations. This paper proposes a method for embedding a digital watermark into bitmap images using Lagrange interpolation and the Bezier curve formula for five points, called Lagrange interpolation along the Bezier curve 5 (LIBC5). As a means of steganalysis, the RS method was used, which uses a sensitive method of double statistics obtained on the basis of spatial correlations in images. The output value of the RS analysis is the estimated length of the message in the image under study. The stability of the developed LIBC5 method to the detection of message transmission by the RS method has been experimentally determined. The developed method proved to be resistant to RS analysis. A study of the LIBC5 method showed an improvement in quilting resistance compared to that of the INMI image embedding method, which also uses Lagrange interpolation. Thus, the LIBC5 stegosystem can be successfully used to protect confidential data and copyrights.

The number of ways to obtain information has increased by 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology commercial. But easier access to information also means more security issues. Digital watermarking is an effective method to solve the security problem of information. Aiming at the problems of one-dimensional single chaotic image encryption algorithm, such as simple structure, small key space, and the invisibility and robustness of traditional information hiding technology cannot be well reconciled. The improved encryption algorithm based on Low Density Parity Check Code and double Logistic chaotic system is proposed, which can expand the key space, reduce the bit error rate, and enhance the security and anti-interference ability of the system. The feasibility, reliability and practicability of the algorithm are verified by MATLAB simulation.

The description of the steganographic method for embedding the digital watermark into image vector files of the SVG format is given. Vector images in SVG format can include elements based on Bezier curves. The proposed steganographic method is based on the splitting of cubic Bezier curves. Embedding hidden information involves splitting cubic Bezier curves according to the digital watermark given as numerical sequence. Algorithms of direct and reverse steganographic transformation are considered for proving the authenticity and integrity of a digital vector image. The StegoSVG library has been developed to implement forward and reverse steganographic transformations. The developed desktop application that implements the method is briefly described.

Copyright of Journal of Xinyang Normal University Natural Science Edition is the property of Journal of Xinyang Normal University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to protect the privacy of audio signals stored on third-party servers, a watermarking scheme for encrypted audio is proposed. We define an audio feature signal energy ratio and propose an audio encryption method, containing scrambling and sample value mapping. We use frame number to generate watermark and give the embedding method by quantifying signal energy ratio feature. Experimental results show that, for watermarked audio being attacked, the scheme can locate the attacked frame. Based on the location results, we use 0 amplitude samples to substitute the attacked frames and decrypt the audio signal. The 0 amplitude signals can be dispersed to different parts after anti-scrambling and do not influence the expressed meaning of original signal. In this sense, the scheme can recover the meaning of the attacked audio to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic transmission of radiographic images from one geographical location to another location is known as teleradiology. Radiological image processing issues occurred during the transmission across various medical image workstations have been handled by this approach, in order to provide various health care activities. (i.e., diagnosis, medical practicing, consulting second opinion, or treatment and monitor a patient). The major difficulties of remote transmission process are privacy, safety, image retention, etc. A noise‐tolerant signal is being implanted with a digital watermark furtively (e.g., an image, symbol, audio, video, etc.), concerning the typical identification of the signal's patent. The intention of utilizing digital watermarks is either to validate the carrier signal's authenticity and ethics or to reveal its patent holder's identity, to provide protected transmission. In this work, watermarking approach is implemented to integrate biometrics with cryptography. The entropy‐based fingerprint feature has been extracted for generating the key to process the cryptography, and digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) images. To obtain secure transmission, two‐level discrete wavelet transform method is employed for watermarking the cover image with encrypted image. Subsequently, the receiver can extract the watermarked image by using watermarking keys. This method is proposed to access the diagnostic image with privacy, accessibility, and reliability. The anticipated outputs of the proposed approach have been assessed based on factors such as structural similarity index measures (SSIM), normalized correlations (NC), and peak‐signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai University / Shanghai Daxue Xuebao is the property of Journal of Shanghai University (Natural Sciences) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The development of new technologies, the growing volume of data and the total consumption of content in the digital environment are changing the ecosystem of modern media. Data can be easily and completely duplicated. It brings great convenience to life, work, scientific research and other areas of human activity. However, information security issues have appeared that have attracted a lot of attention. The purpose of this article is to present a model for digital image authentication. This article proposes a model for reliable verification of digital image authenticity with a high degree of protection and parameters for assessing the effectiveness of such systems. Reliability is achieved because the watermark is hidden not in the whole image, but in its fragment, which is most suitable for hiding the image, as well as for using antinoise codes as a watermark. Based on the current state of watermarking methods, it is recommended to use modern algorithms and architectures of convolutional neural networks to ensure a high degree of security.

Fragile digital watermarking is mainly used for digital content authentication, which is of great significance for protecting information security. A novel fragile spatial watermarking scheme based on prime number distribution theory is proposed in this paper. Firstly, 54 approximate pixel sets are constructed according to the prime number distribution in [0,255]. Secondly, the embedding of watermark information is achieved by pixel replacement in the approximate pixel set, while the MD5 hashing algorithm is used in the embedding process to ensure the security of the scheme. The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking scheme has better performance compared with the existing methods. It is not only robust to common image processing operations such as additive noise, rotation, sharpening and etc., but also has good invisibility, fragility, high capacity and low computational cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an efficient watermark attack method, geometric distortions destroy the synchronization between the watermark encoder and decoder. Local geometric distortion is a considerable challenge in the watermarking field. Although many geometric distortion resilient watermarking schemes have been proposed, few perform well against local geometric distortions, such as random bending attacks (RBAs). To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel watermark synchronization process and a corresponding watermarking scheme. In our scheme, the watermark bits are represented by random patterns. The message is encoded to obtain a watermark unit, and the watermark unit is flipped to generate a symmetrical watermark. Then, the symmetrical watermark is additively embedded into the spatial domain of the host image. In watermark extraction, we first obtain the theoretical mean-square error minimized estimation of the watermark. Then, an autoconvolution function is applied to this estimation to detect the symmetry and obtain a watermark unit map. According to this map, the watermark can be accurately synchronized, and then extraction can be performed. Experimental results demonstrate the excellent robustness of the proposed watermarking scheme to local geometric distortions, global geometric distortions, common image processing operations, and some kinds of combined attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research of medical image in the field of anti-counterfeiting and authentication plays a crucial role in the development of hospital digitization. In this paper, a new fragile medical watermarking scheme is proposed using the prime number distribution theorem, chaotic mapping, and Hash. Firstly, an approximate pixel set is constructed according to the distribution of prime numbers, and then the parity of the pixel value is re-granted with chaotic mapping, and Hash. The embedding and extraction of the watermark are done by using logical operations to adjust the pixel value according to the parity of the pixel value and the number of prime numbers contained in the pixel value. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is imperceptible, efficient, and safe. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed scheme achieves the binding of medical image and patient information, as well as exhibits excellent detection and positioning capability, and will have good application prospects in medical image content authentication and tampering detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, we have seen a significant increase in traffic moving across various networks and channels. The development of technology and global network leads to an increase in the amount of multimedia traffic. To authenticate and avoid abuse, data should be protected with watermarks. This paper discusses various robust and invisible watermarking methods in the spatial domain and the transform domain. The basic concepts of digital watermarks, important characteristics and areas of application of watermarks are considered in detail. The paper also presents the most important criteria for assessing the digital watermark effectiveness. Based on the analysis of the current state of the digital watermarking methods, robustness, imperceptibility, security and payload have been determined as the main factors in most scientific works. Moreover, researchers use different methods to improve / balance these factors to create an effective watermarking system. Our research identified the main factors and new techniques used in modern research. And the assessment of watermark method effectiveness was proposed.

Transmission, processing and storage of information in the infrastructure of the Internet of Things are related to the necessity for solving a number of problems in information security. The main difficulty lies in the fact that the infrastructure of the Internet of Things is not homogeneous and contains many different devices, including those with limited computing resources. One of the approaches to solving these problems is to embed additional information into the transmitted and stored digital objects. In this paper we present a review of methods of embedding information in digital data to provide security in the Internet of Things, including methods of steganographic embedding of information and methods for embedding digital watermarks. We reviewed methods of embedding information into digital images, as well as wireless sensor network data, proposed for use in the Internet of Things. In this paper we defined the advantages and disadvantages of individual methods and groups of methods, also we analyzed their applicability for data protection in the Internet of Things. Relevant trends in this field of research have been identified.